CN117345387A - 用于利用至少两个串联连接的scr催化器控制内燃机的废气后处理系统的方法 - Google Patents
用于利用至少两个串联连接的scr催化器控制内燃机的废气后处理系统的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于利用至少两个串联连接的SCR催化器控制内燃机的废气后处理系统的方法,其中废气后处理系统具有绕过第一SCR催化器的带有旁通阀的旁路,其中内燃机的废气通过旁路全部或至少部分被引导绕过第一SCR催化器,该方法具有以下步骤:‑获知用于内燃机的马达制动运行的激活‑获知第一SCR催化器的第一实际温度‑获知第一SCR催化器的实际NH3填充高度‑根据实际NH3填充高度获知建模的最大允许NH3填充高度‑借助预测的温度模型获知第一SCR催化器(4)的未来的温度‑根据获知的第一实际温度和获知的未来的温度获知比较‑根据所获知的比较操控旁通阀,尤其是完全或部分打开旁通阀。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于利用至少两个串联连接的SCR催化器控制内燃机的废气后处理系统的方法、一种计算机程序、一种电子存储介质和一种设备。
背景技术
尤其是在商用车中、例如在卡车中,除了常见的行车制动器以外,马达制动器也属于标准技术。在此,所谓的马达堵塞制动器,也被称为排气挡板制动器或堵塞挡板的类型是已知的。已知的马达制动器在名称“杰克制动器”或“雅各布斯制动器”下已知。
由于排放法规、如EURO7法规的收紧,必须执行废气后处理系统的新的概念,以便例如也避免一氧化二氮(N2O)或氨泄漏(NH3)。
DE 10 2009 035 692 A1公开了一种用于净化废气增压的内燃机的废气流的方法,其中,通过选择性催化还原从废气流去除氮氧化物,其中,废气流在废气涡轮增压器的废气涡轮机的上游和至少一个SCR催化器的上游分支成在主废气线路中被引导到废气涡轮机的主废气流和在旁通线路中被引入并经过废气涡轮机的至少一个旁通废气流,其中,在定义的内燃机运行状态下,将定义的量的待分解的还原剂前体物质输送到旁通废气流,还原剂前体物质在与旁通废气流以流动技术相关的反应器中转化为还原剂、优选氨,其通过旁通废气流从反应器导出,并在SCR催化器上游输送到主废气流,并且其中,设置至少一个通过控制和/或调节装置耦联的并根据定义的运行参数可操控的截断和/或节流装置,其中,至少一个分支线路从废气涡轮机下游的主废气线路分支出来,该分支线路在反应器上游和/或在还原剂前体物质的混合点下游通入旁通线路中,并且通过该分支线路,分支废气流根据定义的内燃机运行状态,尤其是在内燃机的定义的空转和/或低负载运行之外被分支并输送到旁通线路。
发明内容
在第一方面,本发明涉及一种用于利用至少两个串联连接的SCR催化器控制内燃机的废气后处理系统的方法,其中,废气后处理系统具有绕过第一SCR催化器的带有旁通阀的旁路,其中,内燃机的废气通过旁路全部或至少部分被引导绕过第一SCR催化器,该方法具有以下步骤:
-获知用于内燃机的马达制动运行的激活
-获知第一SCR催化器的第一实际温度
-获知第一SCR催化器的实际NH3填充高度
-根据实际NH3填充高度获知建模的最大允许NH3填充高度
-借助预测的温度模型获知第一SCR催化器的未来的温度
-根据获知的第一实际温度和获知的未来的温度获知比较
-根据所获知的比较操控旁通阀,尤其是完全或部分打开旁通阀。
在用于内燃机的激活的马达制动运行期间,通过内燃机不产生或很少产生氮氧化物排放(NOx排放),并且此外出现废气温度的明显的升高。在该运行状态下产生的氮氧化物排放的很少的量导致,在选择性催化反应中存储氨(NH3)的第一SCR催化器具有非常低的转化率或没有转化率。然而,在废气温度现在附加地升高时,第一SCR催化器的氨存储能力降低,从而可能导致不期望的氨泄漏或来自第一SCR催化器的氨(NH3)的解吸。附加地,有利于形成一氧化二氮(N2O)
该方法具有以下特殊的优点,即在识别的马达制动运行状态下,根据第一SCR催化器的温度及其NH3填充高度,当在未来的时间点获知氨泄漏时,可以执行燃烧废气通过旁路的引导绕过。通过对旁路的这种针对性的控制,在很大程度上防止氨(NH3)的解吸,并且附加地防止或最小化经由第一SCR级形成有害的一氧化二氮(N2O)。
因此,可以执行用于满足期望的排气排放的排放策略,其中,此外考虑到用于调节旁路的第二SCR级的性能或效率。第二SCR级还被流过,因此还提供废气的过滤。
在特殊的设计方案中,根据所获知的未来的温度获知第一SCR催化器的未来的NH3填充高度。
此外,可以获知定量的第一差值与第一阈值之间的比较,其中,形成在未来的NH3填充高度与所获知的实际NH3填充高度之间的定量的第一差值,并且当定量的第一差值超过第一阈值时,打开或至少部分打开旁通阀。
该方法具有以下优点,即因此可以快速地对NH3填充高度的变化做出反应,从而可以减少或甚至避免氨泄漏和一氧化二氮排放的不利的形成。
在优选的设计方案中,获知定量的第二差值与第二阈值之间的比较,其中,形成在所获知的未来的温度与所获知的第一实际温度之间的定量的第二差值,并且当定量的第二差值超过第二阈值时,打开或至少部分打开旁通阀。
在假设第一SCR催化器4的NH3填充高度从激活的马达制动运行开始几乎不再改变的情况下有利的是,根据所获知的未来的温度和所获知的第一实际温度执行对旁路的控制的调节。因此,可以针对控制装置节省在方法计算方面的资源。
在另外的方面中,本发明涉及一种设备、尤其是控制装置和计算机程序,该设备设立、尤其是编程用于实施其中一种方法。在又另外的方面中,本发明涉及一种机器可读的存储介质,计算机程序存储在机器可读的存储介质上。
附图说明
下面根据在附图中示出的实施例详细解释本发明。
图1示出了带有减压马达制动器的商用车的内燃机10的示意图,
图2示出了用于图示方法的第一实施例的流程的流程图,
图3示出了用于图示方法的第二实施例的流程的流程图。
具体实施方式
从图1得到内燃机10,该内燃机在入口侧连接到新鲜空气路径1,并且在出口侧连接到废气路径2。内燃机10优选是用于具有马达制动器的商用车的机组。
此外,内燃机10可以具有用于每个缸中的燃料测量的未进一步示出的调节装置和用于气门升程曲线的调整装置、例如用于内燃机10的凸轮轴调整装置(未进一步示出)。
新鲜空气路径1的空气输送件60通过进气阀(未示出)以本身已知的方式与内燃机10的缸连接。燃烧废气通过缸的相应的排气阀(未示出)以本身已知的方式排放到废气系统70中。
此外,涡轮增压器(未示出)可以布置在废气路径2中,并且压缩机11可以布置在新鲜空气路径1中。
在内燃机10中的燃烧过程中产生的废气通过废气路径2被导出。在此,废气承受废气后处理。为此,在下游,在废气路径2中布置有第一NOx传感器13、第一温度传感器14、可选的柴油氧化催化器3、第一尿素喷射阀8.1、第一选择性催化催化器4(SCR)、可选的第一防泄漏催化器5和第二NOx传感器6。该部件组形成用于废气净化的第一级(SCR级)。在废气净化的第一级的下游布置有第二柴油氧化催化器17、柴油颗粒过滤器18、第二尿素喷射阀8.2、第二SCR催化器19、可选的第二防泄漏催化器20和第二NOx传感器21。该部件组形成用于废气净化的第二级(SCR级)。
在内燃机10的下游并且在第一柴油氧化催化器3的上游,旁路15布置在废气净化的第一级周围,旁路在第一选择性催化催化器4或可选的第一防泄漏催化器5的下游并且在第二柴油氧化催化器17的上游通入废气系2中。
旁路15此外具有电子调节装置16、优选旁通阀16,用于打开和关闭旁路15。电子调节装置在此优选构造为步进马达,并且借助控制装置100调节。
在此,旁路15的任务是,引导来自内燃机10的热的废气经过第一级。在此,一方面,获得用于废气部件的较低的温度输入以及用于废气部件的排放的较低的输入。因为随着SCR催化器4、19的温度的升高,它们的氨存储能力降低,所以对于内燃机10的运行情况有利的是,能够通过旁路15绕过废气净化的第一级,在这些运行情况下,产生大量的废气热量但很少排放。否则,例如可以在第一SCR催化器4中触发增加的氨泄漏。
废气净化的第一级主要负责马达冷启动(冷运行)后的快速NOx还原,并且优选布置在内燃机10附近。
在此,第一SCR催化器4也可以设计为具有柴油颗粒过滤器的组合的SCR催化器。
在此,防泄漏催化器5和20优选构造为,使得它们去除废气中的任何氨残留物,从而不产生氨泄漏。然而,防泄漏催化器仅具有小的存储能力。
上述的温度和NOx传感器6、13、14、21以已知方式与控制装置100连接,并且其信号由控制装置100接收和存储。
此外,所示的系统包括已知的尿素喷射系统,该尿素喷射系统由具有泵单元的SCR罐构成,该泵单元以已知的方式将具有能预设的压力的尿素液体输送至第一和第二尿素喷射阀8.1、8.2。尿素喷射系统借助存储在控制装置100上的调节策略来控制。
此外,可以以已知的方式在控制装置100中调用测量参量、例如废气质量流量和内燃机10的转速。
为了获知NH3填充高度,在控制装置100中,针对两个SCR催化器4、19存储有NH3填充高度模型。
第一SCR催化器4的建模的第一NH3填充高度借助第一NH3填充高度模型、优选根据由第一计量阀8.1计量的尿素量和/或在第一SCR催化器4的上游的第一NOx浓度cNOxUp,SCR1利用第一NOx传感器13获知,和/或利用第一SCR催化器4的第一温度TIst,Kat1和/或废气质量流量/>获知。
第一SCR催化器4的第一温度TIst,Kat1优选可以借助温度模型根据第一温度传感器14通过控制装置100获知。
第一NOx浓度cNox,UP,SCR1优选借助第一NOx传感器13获知。
第二SCR催化器19的建模的第二NH3填充高度借助第二NH3填充高度模型优选根据由第一计量阀8.1计量的尿素量和/或在第二SCR催化器19的上游的第二NOx浓度cNOxUp,SCR2,和/或在第二SCR催化器19的上游的第二NH3浓度,和/或由第二计量阀8.2计量的尿素量和/或第二SCR催化器19的第二催化器温度TIst,Kat2和/或废气质量流量获知。
第二SCR催化器19的第二温度TIst,Kat2优选可以借助温度模型根据没有进一步示出的第二温度传感器通过控制装置100获知。第二温度传感器优选布置在柴油颗粒过滤器18的下游和第二SCR催化器19的上游。第二NOx浓度cNoxUp,SCR2优选借助第二NOx传感器6获知。
图2示例性示出了用于利用多个串联的SCR催化器4、19调节内燃机10的废气后处理的方法的流程。示例性描述根据本发明的方法的基本的步骤。
在第一步骤200中,检查该方法的释放条件,由此,如果存在内燃机10的运行状态(其中马达制动器是激活的),那么给予方法的释放。在有利的设计方案中,制动协调器存储在控制装置100上,该制动协调器识别并且有利地经由状态位输出马达制动器的激活。
激活的马达制动器的运行状态优选通过转速改变和/或空气质量流量改变和/或制动踏板的操纵和/或马达力矩改变和/或油门踏板位置改变,在预设的时间间隔中基本上发生改变或被明显识别。为此,控制装置100连续监控输入参量,并且如果识别内燃机10的马达制动器被激活的运行状态,那么在步骤210中继续该方法。
在步骤210中,随后借助第一温度传感器14获知废气温度Texh,并且借助NH3填充高度模型通过控制装置100获知第一NOx浓度cNoxUp,SCR1和第一SCR催化器4的实际NH3填充高度随后,在步骤220中继续该方法。
在步骤220中,根据第一实际温度TIst,Kat1,借助存储在控制装置100上的模型来获知第一SCR催化器4的在第一实际温度TIst,Kat1中建模的最大NH3填充高度NH3Limit。
在有利的设计方案中,根据SCR催化器4的温度,将建模的最大NH3填充高度NH3Limit存储在位于控制装置100中的特性曲线中。有利地,NH3填充高度在应用阶段期间根据第一SCR催化器4的温度来获知,并且随后以存储在特性曲线中的方式存储在控制装置100中。
如果第一SCR催化器4的在步骤210中获知的实际NH3填充高度超过对于第一实际温度TIst,Kat1最大的NH3填充高度NH3Limit,那么作为立即措施借助旁通阀16打开、优选完全打开旁路15,并且该方法在步骤210中继续或结束。
如果所获知的实际NH3填充高度低于最大NH3填充高度NH3Limit,那么在步骤230中继续该方法。
在步骤230中,借助存储在控制装置100中的预测的温度模型来获知第一SCR催化器4的未来的温度Tpre。
在此,未来的温度Tpre优选对应于下一时间步长(优选以毫秒、秒或分钟为单位)的温度。有利地,在1.5、10或100毫秒或秒的时间网格或时间段中获知未来的温度。
有利地,内燃机10的当前的转速neng、当前的废气质量流量mexh、当前的油门踏板位置、所需的制动力矩、内燃机10的当前的挂入挡位和马达制动器的效率作为预测的温度模型的输入参量。
根据所获知的未来的温度Tpre获知第一SCR催化器4的未来的NH3填充高度NH3pre。随后,在步骤240中继续该方法。
在步骤240中,现在执行未来的NH3填充高度NH3pre与在步骤220中获知的最大的NH3填充高度NH3Limit之间的比较。
有利地,可以由控制装置100获知未来的NH3填充高度NH3pre和所获知的最大NH3填充高度NH3Limit之间的定量的第一差值D1。
如果该定量的第一差值D1超过能预设的第一阈值S1,则旁路15借助旁通阀16被打开或部分打开。在有利的设计方案中,旁路15的打开可以根据定量的第一差值D1超过第一阈值S1的高度来执行。
如果定量的第一差值D1低于第一阈值S1,那么该方法在步骤210中继续或结束。
在有利的设计方案中,当该方法重新在循环中从步骤210开始重复时,旁通阀16的打开被连续调节。
图3示出了用于利用多个串联连接的SCR催化器4、19调节内燃机10的废气后处理的方法的示例性的第二流程。示例性描述了根据本发明的方法的基本的步骤。
在第一步骤300中,检查该方法的释放条件,其中,如果存在内燃机10的运行状态(其中马达制动器是激活的),那么给予方法的释放。在有利的设计方案中,制动协调器存储在控制装置100上,该制动协调器识别并且有利地经由状态位输出马达制动器的激活。
激活的马达制动器的运行状态优选通过转速改变和/或空气质量流量改变和/或制动踏板的操纵和/或马达力矩改变和/或油门踏板位置改变,在预设的时间间隔中基本上发生改变或被明显识别。为此,控制装置100连续监控输入参量,并且如果识别内燃机10的马达制动器被激活的运行状态,那么在步骤310中继续该方法。
在步骤310中,随后借助第一温度传感器14获知废气温度Texh,并且借助NH3填充高度模型通过控制装置100获知第一NOx浓度cNoxUp,SCR1和第一SCR催化器4的实际NH3填充高度随后,在步骤320中继续该方法。
在步骤320中,根据第一实际温度TIst,Kat1,借助存储在控制装置100上的模型来获知第一SCR催化器4的在第一实际温度TIst,Kat1中建模的最大NH3填充高度NH3Limit,并且由此获知第一SCR催化器4的最大允许温度TLimit。在第一SCR催化器4的最大允许温度TLimit以上,由于第一SCR催化器4的NH3存储能力随着温度的升高而降低,因此发生氨的解吸,并且因此发生不期望的氨泄漏。
在有利的设计方案中,根据SCR催化器4的温度,将建模的最大NH3填充高度NH3Limit存储在位于控制装置100中的特性曲线中。有利地,NH3填充高度在应用阶段期间根据第一SCR催化器4的温度来获知,并且随后以存储在特性曲线中的方式存储在控制装置100中。第一SCR催化器4的最大允许温度TLimit相应也可以从该特性曲线获知。
此外现在假设,所获知的实际NH3填充高度不会进一步改变或几乎保持恒定。因为内燃机10在马达制动运行期间仅产生很少的NOx排放,并且因此在具有存储在那里的氨(NH3)的第一SCR催化器4中仅很少发生或根本不发生NOx排放的转化,所以进行该假设。因此,第一SCR催化器4的所获知的负载状态/>保持不变或在可忽略的程度中变化。
如果在步骤310中所获知的第一实际温度TIst,Kat1超过最大允许温度TLimit,那么作为立即措施借助旁通阀16打开、优选完全打开旁路15,并且该方法在步骤310中继续或结束。
如果所获知的第一实际温度TIst,Kat1低于最大允许温度TLimit,则该方法在步骤330中继续。
在步骤330中,借助存储在控制装置100中的预测的温度模型来获知第一SCR催化器4的未来的温度Tpre。
在此,未来的温度Tpre优选对应于下一时间步长(优选以毫秒、秒或分钟为单位)的温度。有利地,在1.5、10或100毫秒或秒的时间网格或时间段中获知未来的温度Tpre。
有利地,内燃机10的当前的转速neng、当前的废气质量流量mexh、当前的油门踏板位置、所需的制动力矩、内燃机10的当前的挂入挡位和马达制动器的效率作为预测的温度模型的输入参量。
因为在具有激活的马达制动器的内燃机10的运行状态中,如已经提到的那样,第一SCR催化转化器4的NH3填充高度几乎不变,所以所获知的未来的温度Tpre对应于新的最大允许温度TLimit,pre。
随后,该方法在步骤340中继续。
在步骤340中,执行所获知的第一实际温度TIst,Kat1与在步骤330中获知的未来的温度Tpre之间的比较。有利地,在步骤330中所获知的未来的温度Tpre和所获知的第一实际温度TIst,Kat1之间的定量的第二差值D2可以由控制装置100获知。
如果该定量的第二差值D2超过能预设的第二阈值S2,则旁路15借助旁通阀16被打开或部分打开。在有利的设计方案中,旁路15的打开可以根据定量的第二差值D2超过第二阈值S2的高度来执行。
如果定量的第二差值D2低于第二阈值S2,那么该方法在步骤310中继续或结束。
在有利的设计方案中,当该方法重新在循环中从步骤310开始重复时,旁通阀16的打开被连续调节。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于利用至少两个串联连接的SCR催化器(4、19)控制内燃机(10)的废气后处理系统的方法,其中所述废气后处理系统具有绕过第一SCR催化器(4)的带有旁通阀(16)的旁路(15),其中内燃机(10)的废气通过旁路(15)全部或至少部分被引导绕过第一SCR催化器(4),所述方法具有以下步骤:
-获知用于内燃机(10)的马达制动运行的激活
-获知第一SCR催化器(4)的第一实际温度(TIst,Kat1)
-获知第一SCR催化器(4)的实际NH3填充高度(NH3Ist,Kat1)
-根据实际NH3填充高度(NH3Ist,Kat1)获知建模的最大允许NH3填充高度(NH3Limit)
-借助预测的温度模型获知第一SCR催化器(4)的未来的温度(Tpre)
-根据获知的第一实际温度(TIst,Kat1)和获知的未来的温度(Tpre)获知比较
-根据所获知的比较操控旁通阀(16)、尤其是完全或部分打开旁通阀(16)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,根据所获知的未来的温度(Tpre)获知第一SCR催化器(4)的未来的NH3填充高度(NH3pre)。
3.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,获知定量的第一差值(D1)与第一阈值(S1)之间的比较,其中,形成在未来的NH3填充高度(NH3pre)与所获知的实际NH3填充高度(NH3Ist,Kat1)之间的定量的第一差值(D1),并且当定量的第一差值(D1)超过第一阈值(S1)时,打开或至少部分打开旁通阀(16)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,获知定量的第二差值(D2)与第二阈值(S2)之间的比较,其中,形成在所获知的未来的温度(Tpre)与所获知的第一实际温度(TIst,Kat1)之间的定量的第二差值(D2),并且当定量的第二差值(D2)超过第二阈值(S2)时,打开或至少部分打开旁通阀(16)。
5.一种计算机程序,所述计算机程序设立用于执行根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法。
6.一种电子存储介质,所述电子存储介质具有根据权利要求5所述的计算机程序。
7.一种设备、尤其是控制装置(100),所述控制装置设立用于实施根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法。
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