CN117343287A - 一种主链扭转型磺化聚亚苯基离聚物及其制备方法、质子交换膜 - Google Patents
一种主链扭转型磺化聚亚苯基离聚物及其制备方法、质子交换膜 Download PDFInfo
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- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical group CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种主链扭转型磺化聚亚苯基离聚物及其制备方法、质子交换膜,属于高分子材料的技术领域,用以解决质子交换膜质子电导率低、机械强度和化学稳定性差的技术问题。本发明磺化聚亚苯基离聚物的制备方法为将聚合物以单体I、II、III溶于溶剂中,在碱性条件下,通过Ni(0)催化促进单体间偶联反应的发生,经沉析、分离及干燥获取共聚物。本发明所制备磺化聚亚苯基离聚物作为质子交换膜材料时表现出高质子电导率、机械强度和化学稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料的技术领域,尤其涉及一种主链扭转型磺化聚亚苯基离聚物及其制备方法、质子交换膜。
背景技术
质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)可将化学能转化为电能,因其具有转换效率高,启动快等优点,被广泛用作清洁高效的能源转换设备。目前广泛使用的全氟磺酸(PFSA)聚合物膜(例如Nafion和Gore Select)最常用作电解质,但其存在高质子传导性以及高机械和化学稳定性,气体渗透性高、使用温度有限、制造工艺复杂等一些技术问题。
针对全氟磺酸型质子交换膜存在的问题,目前研究主要集中于对现有的全氟磺酸型质子交换膜的改进和开发新型的非氟质子交换膜材料。在现有的全氟磺酸膜基础上进行改进,并不能从根本上解决其存在的问题。专利公开号CN 114805757 A一种磺化苯代聚苯基离聚物及其制备方法、质子交换膜。磺化苯代聚苯基离聚物的制备方法包括如下步骤:获取含有式Ia或式Ib所示的结构单元的前驱体聚合物;将前驱体聚合物与式IIa或式IIb所示的第一单体进行羟醛缩合反应,然后与式IIIa或式IIIb所示的第二单体进行狄尔斯-阿尔德反应,得到磺化苯代聚苯基离聚物。该制备方法具有合成简单、成本低廉、得到的离聚物分子量高、易于调控等特点。但是所制备磺化苯代聚苯基离聚物的质子电导率、机械强度和化学稳定性有待进一步提高。
发明内容
针对质子交换膜质子电导率低、机械强度和化学稳定性差的技术问题,本发明提出一种主链扭转型磺化聚亚苯基离聚物及其制备方法、质子交换膜,所制备磺化聚亚苯基离聚物作为质子交换膜材料时表现出高质子电导率、机械强度和化学稳定性。
为了达到上述目的,本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种主链扭转型磺化聚亚苯基离聚物的制备方法,将聚合物单体I、II、III溶于溶剂中,在碱性条件下,通过Ni(0)催化促进单体间偶联反应的发生,经沉析、分离及干燥获取共聚物;
其中R1选自H、-SO3H、-(CF2)nCF3、-COOH、-NO2和苯基中的至少一种,n为0~10的整数;R2、R3分别独立选自H、-SO3H、-COOH、-SO3CH2C(CH3)3中的至少一种;X为Cl或Br或I;R1、R2、R3中至少有一个为-SO3H。
所述聚合物单体I、II、III的摩尔比为1:(0.5-2):(0.5-2);聚合物单体I与Ni(0)的摩尔比为1:(1-5)。
所述聚合物单体I在溶剂中的浓度为0.05-0.5mmol/mL。
所述Ni(0)为Ni(COD)2或Ni(CDT)2中的一种;溶剂中还加入有2,2'-联吡啶,2,2'-联吡啶与Ni(0)催化剂形成金属配体,促使Ni(0)催化反应发生,Ni(0)与2,2'-联吡啶的摩尔比为1:(2-5)。
所述溶剂为二甲基乙酰胺或/和二甲基亚砜。
所述碱性条件通过在溶剂中添加碱性试剂调节,所述碱性试剂为K2CO3、Na2CO3、LiO H、NaOH或KOH中的任意一种或两种以上;聚合物单体I与碱性试剂的摩尔比为1:(1-3)。
所述偶联反应的温度为60~100℃,反应时间为3~8h。
所述沉析的步骤为在反应结束的反应液中加入沉淀剂,所述沉淀剂为浓盐水或/和甲醇。
一种质子交换膜,采用上述主链扭转型磺化聚亚苯基离聚物制成。
本发明的有益效果。本发明利用亚苯基环和磺酸基团组成了简单的磺化聚亚苯基,具有高质子传导性和优异的化学稳定性,在燃料电池中表现良好,具有高性能和耐用性。本发明制备过程及操作相对简单,易于实现,产率可达90%以上。反应后的溶液缓慢倒入甲醇溶液中,并伴随搅拌是为了让聚合物充分沉淀,并尽量减少其他杂质的包裹。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为实施例1中磺化聚亚苯基离聚物的合成路线图。
图2为实施例4中磺化聚亚苯基离聚物的合成路线图。
图3为实施例7中磺化聚亚苯基离聚物的合成路线图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有付出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种主链扭转型磺化聚亚苯基离聚物,合成路线如图1所示,制备方法包括以下步骤:
在100mL三颈烧瓶中加入3,3'-二氯二联苯(0.2231g)、2,5-二氯苯磺酸(0.1408g)、1,3-二氯苯(0.0706g)、K2CO3(0.2073g)、2,2'-联吡啶(1.5130g)、DMSO(6mL)。将混合物在N2下使用Dean Stark分水器在170℃的控温油浴中加热2小时。共沸脱水后,将混合物冷却至80℃。向混合物中添加Ni(COD)2(0.8200g)。在60℃反应8小时后,将混合物倒入大量过量的6M HCl中以沉淀产物。将粗产物用浓HCl和去离子水洗涤几次。通过在真空烘箱中在80℃下干燥过夜获得共聚物(96%)。
实施例2
一种主链扭转型磺化聚亚苯基离聚物,制备方法包括以下步骤:
在100mL三颈烧瓶中加入3,3'-二氯二联苯(0.2231g)、2,5-二氯苯磺酸(0.28g)、1,3-二氯苯(0.0706g)、NaOH(0.1g)、2,2'-联吡啶(1.5130g)、DMSO(14mL)。将混合物在N2下使用Dean Stark分水器在170℃的控温油浴中加热2小时。共沸脱水后,将混合物冷却至80℃。向混合物中添加Ni(COD)2(1.4g)。在100℃反应5小时后,将混合物倒入大量过量的6MHCl中以沉淀产物。将粗产物用浓HCl和去离子水洗涤几次。通过在真空烘箱中在80℃下干燥过夜获得共聚物(98%)。
实施例3
一种主链扭转型磺化聚亚苯基离聚物,制备方法包括以下步骤:
在100mL三颈烧瓶中加入3,3'-二氯二联苯(0.2231g)、2,5-二氯苯磺酸(0.1408g)、1,3-二氯苯(0.14g)、K2CO3(0.2073g)、2,2'-联吡啶(1.5130g)、DMSO(6mL)。将混合物在N2下使用Dean Stark分水器在170℃的控温油浴中加热2小时。共沸脱水后,将混合物冷却至80℃。向混合物中添加Ni(COD)2(0.8200g)。在80℃反应3小时后,将混合物倒入大量过量的6M HCl中以沉淀产物。将粗产物用浓HCl和去离子水洗涤几次。通过在真空烘箱中在80℃下干燥过夜获得共聚物(95%)。
实施例4
一种主链扭转型磺化聚亚苯基离聚物,合成路线如图2所示,制备方法包括以下步骤:
向配备磁力搅拌棒、氮气入口和出口以及回流冷凝器的三颈圆底烧瓶中加入5,5'-二氯-[1,1'-联苯]-3,3'-二磺酸(0.3832g)、2,5-二氯苯磺酸(0.1408g)、1,3-二氯苯(0.0706g)、K2CO3(0.2073g)、2,2'-联吡啶(1.5130g)、DMAc(6mL)。将混合物在搅拌下加热至80℃,并添加Ni(COD)2(0.8200g)。聚合反应在80℃下进行5小时。冷却至室温后,将混合物倒入大量过量的甲醇和浓盐酸1/1(体积比)混合溶液中。将所得沉淀物用甲醇/盐酸的混合物(体积比1/1)洗涤两次。在60℃真空干燥过夜获得聚合物(93%)。
实施例5
一种主链扭转型磺化聚亚苯基离聚物,制备方法包括以下步骤:
向配备磁力搅拌棒、氮气入口和出口以及回流冷凝器的三颈圆底烧瓶中加入5,5'-二氯-[1,1'-联苯]-3,3'-二磺酸(0.3832g)、2,5-二氯苯磺酸(0.3g)、1,3-二氯苯(0.25g)、KOH(0.1g)、2,2'-联吡啶(1.5130g)、DMAc(2mL)。将混合物在搅拌下加热至80℃,并添加Ni(COD)2(0.8200g)。聚合反应在80℃下进行5小时。冷却至室温后,将混合物倒入大量过量的甲醇和浓盐酸1/1(体积比)混合溶液中。将所得沉淀物用甲醇/盐酸的混合物(体积比1/1)洗涤两次。在60℃真空干燥过夜获得聚合物(94%)。
实施例6
一种主链扭转型磺化聚亚苯基离聚物,制备方法包括以下步骤:
向配备磁力搅拌棒、氮气入口和出口以及回流冷凝器的三颈圆底烧瓶中加入5,5'-二氯-[1,1'-联苯]-3,3'-二磺酸(0.3832g)、2,5-二氯苯磺酸(0.1408g)、1,3-二氯苯(0.0706g)、K2CO3(0.2073g)、2,2'-联吡啶(1g)、DMSO(2mL)。将混合物在搅拌下加热至80℃,并添加Ni(CDT)2(0.100g)。聚合反应在80℃下进行5小时。冷却至室温后,将混合物倒入大量过量的甲醇和浓盐酸1/1(体积比)混合溶液中。将所得沉淀物用甲醇/盐酸的混合物(体积比1/1)洗涤两次。在60℃真空干燥过夜获得聚合物(97%)。
实施例7
一种主链扭转型磺化聚亚苯基离聚物,合成路线如图3所示,制备方法包括以下步骤:
向配备有氮气入口和机械搅拌器的100mL三颈烧瓶中加入3,3'-二氯-5,5'-二硝基-1,1'-联苯(0.3131g)、2,5-二氯苯磺酸(0.1408g)、2,4-二氯苯磺酸(0.1090g)、K2CO3(0.2073g)、2,2'-联吡啶(2.2g)、DMAc(6mL)。将混合物在80℃下加热搅拌以获得均匀溶液,向该混合物中添加Ni(COD)2(0.8200g),聚合反应3小时后,将混合物倒入大量甲醇溶液中以析出沉淀,将粗产物用水和甲醇洗涤数次,通过在真空烘箱中在60℃下干燥过夜获得共聚物。
实施例8
一种主链扭转型磺化聚亚苯基离聚物,制备方法包括以下步骤:
向配备有氮气入口和机械搅拌器的100mL三颈烧瓶中加入3,3'-二氯-5,5'-二硝基-1,1'-联苯(0.3131g)、2,5-二氯苯磺酸(0.28g)、2,4-二氯苯磺酸(0.4g)、K2CO3(0.2073g)、2,2'-联吡啶(1.5130g)、DMAc(6mL)。将混合物在80℃下加热搅拌以获得均匀溶液,向该混合物中添加Ni(COD)2(0.8200g),聚合反应3小时后,将混合物倒入大量甲醇溶液中以析出沉淀,将粗产物用水和甲醇洗涤数次,通过在真空烘箱中在60℃下干燥过夜获得共聚物。
实施例9
一种主链扭转型磺化聚亚苯基离聚物,制备方法包括以下步骤:
向配备有氮气入口和机械搅拌器的100mL三颈烧瓶中加入3,3'-二氯-5,5'-二硝基-1,1'-联苯(0.3131g)、2,5-二氯苯磺酸(0.5g)、2,4-二氯苯磺酸(0.1090g)、K2CO3(0.2073g)、2,2'-联吡啶(1.5130g)、DMAc(10mL)。将混合物在80℃下加热搅拌以获得均匀溶液,向该混合物中添加Ni(COD)2(0.29g),聚合反应3小时后,将混合物倒入大量甲醇溶液中以析出沉淀,将粗产物用水和甲醇洗涤数次,通过在真空烘箱中在60℃下干燥过夜获得共聚物。
应用例
利用磺化聚亚苯基离聚物制备质子交换膜的具体步骤为:取实施例1中制备得到的磺化聚亚苯基离聚物1g,将其均匀分散于二氯甲烷和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的混合溶剂中(二者的体积比为1:3),其中磺化聚亚苯基离聚物的质量与溶剂的质量比为1:10,超声并搅拌各6h。将制备好的分散液经过流延法成膜,分散液流至基底上,通过刮刀与基底的相对运动形成湿带,膜的厚度由刮刀和基底间的距离控制。将湿膜片与基底一起先至于室温蒸发二氯甲烷,然后再将其至于烘箱,抽真空,并升温至80℃,烘干48h,得到质子交换膜。利用同样的方法制备实施例4和7对应的质子交换膜,其中溶剂的组成及烘干温度和时间做相应调整。
质子传导率测试:质子交换膜的in-plane方向的质子传导率采用交流阻抗法测定,测试环境为25℃恒温水浴。在测得的阻抗谱图中,从谱线的高频部分与实轴的交点读取样品的阻抗值(R),计算出样品的质子传导率。
拉伸强度:测试条件根据标准ISO1184-1983进行。由表1可知,磺酸基团含量高,材料的质子传导率较高。
表1质子交换膜的性能数据
样品 | 质子电导率/Scm-1 | 拉伸强度(MPa) |
实施例1 | 0.113 | 27 |
实施例4 | 0.238 | 34 |
实施例7 | 0.17 | 30 |
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种主链扭转型磺化聚亚苯基离聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,将聚合物单体I、II、III溶于溶剂中,在碱性条件下,通过Ni(0)催化促进单体间偶联反应的发生,经沉析、分离及干燥获取共聚物;
其中R1选自H、-SO3H、-(CF2)nCF3、-COOH、-NO2和苯基中的至少一种,n为0~10的整数;R2、R3分别独立选自H、-SO3H、-COOH、-SO3CH2C(CH3)3中的至少一种;X为Cl或Br或I;R1、R2、R3中至少有一个为-SO3H。
2.根据权利要求1所述的主链扭转型磺化聚亚苯基离聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚合物单体I、II、III的摩尔比为1:(0.5-2):(0.5-2);聚合物单体I与Ni(0)的摩尔比为1:(1-5)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的主链扭转型磺化聚亚苯基离聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚合物单体I在溶剂中的浓度为0.05-0.5mmol/mL。
4.根据权利要求3所述的主链扭转型磺化聚亚苯基离聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述Ni(0)为Ni(COD)2或Ni(CDT)2中的一种;溶剂中还加入有2,2'-联吡啶,Ni(0)与2,2'-联吡啶的摩尔比为1:(2-5)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的主链扭转型磺化聚亚苯基离聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂为二甲基乙酰胺或/和二甲基亚砜。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的主链扭转型磺化聚亚苯基离聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碱性条件通过在溶剂中添加碱性试剂调节,所述碱性试剂为K2CO3、Na2CO3、LiOH、NaOH或KOH中的任意一种或两种以上;聚合物单体I与碱性试剂的摩尔比为1:(1-3)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的主链扭转型磺化聚亚苯基离聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述偶联反应的温度为60~100℃,反应时间为3~8h。
8.根据权利要求7所述的主链扭转型磺化聚亚苯基离聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述沉析的步骤为在反应结束的反应液中加入沉淀剂,所述沉淀剂为浓盐水或/和甲醇。
9.权利要求1-8任一项所述方法制备的主链扭转型磺化聚亚苯基离聚物。
10.一种质子交换膜,其特征在于,采用权利要求9所述主链扭转型磺化聚亚苯基离聚物制成。
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