CN117340403A - Fuse additive manufacturing system and method for hot deposition auxiliary hot and cold forming of molten pool - Google Patents
Fuse additive manufacturing system and method for hot deposition auxiliary hot and cold forming of molten pool Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117340403A CN117340403A CN202311646270.5A CN202311646270A CN117340403A CN 117340403 A CN117340403 A CN 117340403A CN 202311646270 A CN202311646270 A CN 202311646270A CN 117340403 A CN117340403 A CN 117340403A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- wire
- molten pool
- cooling
- hot
- subsystem
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 81
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- NGONBPOYDYSZDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ar].[W] Chemical compound [Ar].[W] NGONBPOYDYSZDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
- B23K10/02—Plasma welding
- B23K10/027—Welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. build-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a fuse additive manufacturing system and a method for hot deposition auxiliary hot and cold forming of a molten pool, which relate to the technical field of arc fuse additive manufacturing, wherein the system comprises: the plasma gun is used for generating high-temperature plasma arcs, the wire feeding mechanism is used for feeding wires into a molten pool, the control unit is used for controlling the movement of the plasma gun and the wire feeding mechanism, the preheating subsystem is used for preheating the wires, the cooling subsystem is used for cold forming the molten pool and a deposition layer, and the wire feeding mechanism ensures that the tail ends of the wires are melted into molten drops to be piled up to form the molten pool during the high-temperature plasma arcs generated by the plasma gun; the control unit controls the plasma gun to melt the tail end of the wire, and the tail end of the wire is melted into molten drops which are repeatedly stacked on the deposited layer; the preheating subsystem enables the wire to rise to 300-600 ℃ from normal temperature; the cooling subsystem cools the molten pool and the deposit. The method is based on the system. The invention solves the problem of increased heat input of the deposition layer caused by high molding efficiency in the prior art, and realizes low heat input and high efficiency molding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of arc fuse additive manufacturing, in particular to a fuse additive manufacturing system and method for auxiliary hot and cold forming by molten pool hot deposition.
Background
Modern high-end equipment manufacturing industry is an important industry for providing technical equipment for basic industry in China, and the modern high-end equipment manufacturing industry relies on traditional manufacturing technology mainly comprising ingot metallurgy, plastic forming and mechanical processing, and has the advantages of complex manufacturing flow, low material utilization rate, long period and high cost, so that urgent requirements on green, low-cost, short-period and high-efficiency metal additive manufacturing technology are stimulated. The world industry disputes that additive manufacturing is taken as a new growth point for future industry development, and the national strategy and specific promotion measures for developing the additive manufacturing are formulated to strive for future technological and industrial high points.
Fuse arc additive manufacturing is used as an important branch of metal additive manufacturing technology, and an arc is used as an energy-carrying beam to manufacture a metal component in a layer-by-layer stacking mode, so that the fuse arc additive manufacturing has wide application prospect in the fields of aerospace and national defense due to the advantages of low manufacturing cost, high forming efficiency, high material utilization rate and the like.
Arc fuse additive manufacturing (Wire and Arc Additive Ma-nufacturing, WAAM) is to melt metal wires by taking arc plasma as a heat source, deposit and shape the metal blanks close to the shape and the size of the product layer by layer according to a three-dimensional geometric model, and finally achieve the use requirement of the product by a small amount of machining. Compared with laser and electron beam fused powder additive manufacturing, the arc additive manufacturing has high forming efficiency (better than 500 cm) 3 And/h), the manufacturing cost is low, the degree of freedom is higher, the structural member repair is easy to be carried out, and the method is very suitable for manufacturing medium-and large-size metal members,has wide application prospect in the fields of aerospace, ship manufacturing, automobile industry and the like. The energy-carrying beam for Arc fuse additive manufacturing mainly includes a Gas Metal Arc (GMA), a Tungsten argon Arc (GTA), and a Plasma Arc (PA).
In recent years, arc additive manufacturing technology has advanced, but some key basic scientific problems have not been completely solved, wherein decoupling control of deposited layer heat input (including heat conduction and radiation in arc column regions, arc anode or cathode heat generation, energy carried by wire melting into droplets) and forming efficiency (amount of wire melted per unit time) has become a bottleneck restricting the development and application of the technology. In arc additive manufacturing, a portion of the energy of the arc is used to melt the wire and the remainder is used primarily to melt the deposited layer. To increase the forming efficiency, it is necessary to increase the arc current to promote wire melting, but at the same time increase the heat input of the deposited layer. Namely, the high forming efficiency of arc additive manufacturing is at the cost of increasing the heat input of a deposition layer, so that the problems of large heat damage, serious heat accumulation and the like of the deposition layer are caused, and the stability of a molten pool is poor, the deposition layer collapses, the microstructure of the deposition layer is thick and the mechanical property of the deposition layer is deteriorated. To reduce the heat input of the deposited layer, a small arc current or an extended interlayer waiting time is generally used, but both methods have a significant disadvantage in that the heat input of the deposited layer is reduced at the expense of the shaping efficiency. Therefore, the heat input of a deposition layer in arc additive manufacturing is strongly coupled with the melting efficiency of wires, and decoupling control of the heat input and the melting efficiency of wires, namely, the realization of low-heat input efficient forming, is a key scientific and technical problem which must be solved in order to promote the innovative development and quality improvement of the arc additive manufacturing technology of a high-performance key component.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problem of increased heat input of a deposition layer caused by high molding efficiency in the prior art by providing a fuse additive manufacturing system and a fuse additive manufacturing method for auxiliary hot and cold molding by molten pool heat deposition, and realizes low heat input and high efficiency molding.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a molten pool hot deposition assisted hot and cold forming fuse additive manufacturing system comprising:
a plasma gun for generating a high temperature plasma arc; the plasma gun extinguishes high-temperature plasma arcs among all deposition layers of the fuse additive manufacturing;
a wire feeder for feeding wire into the melt pool, the wire feeder ensuring that the wire tip melts into a stack of droplets forming the melt pool during the generation of a high temperature plasma arc by the plasma gun;
the control unit controls the plasma gun and the wire feeding mechanism to move, the control unit controls the plasma gun to generate high-temperature plasma arcs to melt the tail end of the wire, the control unit controls the wire feeding mechanism to convey the tail end of the wire to the position below the plasma gun, and the control unit controls the high-temperature plasma arcs to melt the tail end of the wire into molten drops to be repeatedly piled on a deposited layer;
the preheating subsystem is used for preheating the wire, and the wire conveyed by the wire feeding mechanism is enabled to rise to 300-600 ℃ from normal temperature;
and the cooling subsystem is used for cooling the molten pool and the deposition layer, the gas output by the cooling subsystem cools the molten pool to realize cold forming, and the gas output by the cooling subsystem cools the deposition layer to lead out the heat of the deposition layer.
Based on the first aspect, in one embodiment of the present invention, the preheating subsystem includes: an alternating current module for passing an alternating current through the conductor to generate a magnetic flux;
the wire rod is connected with the wire feeding mechanism after penetrating through the conductor, the magnetic beam penetrates through the wire rod, and the wire rod generates joule heat under the action of the magnetic beam so that the temperature of the wire rod is raised to 300-600 ℃.
Based on the first aspect, in one embodiment of the invention, the preheating subsystem is located beside the wire feeder, the wire feeder is located beside the plasma gun, and the wire feeder is located between the preheating subsystem and the plasma gun.
Based on the first aspect, in one embodiment of the present invention, the cooling subsystem includes: a first cooling subsystem for immediately cooling the newly deposited layer, and a second cooling subsystem for forcibly cooling the deposited layer;
the new deposition layer is formed by rapid solidification of molten drops in a molten pool; the deposited layer is located between the newly deposited layer and a substrate of the fuse additive manufacturing system.
Based on the first aspect, in one embodiment of the present invention, the first cooling subsystem includes: the forward forced air cooling device is used for conveying a cold source generated by the forward forced air cooling device to a forward air cold source conveying module of a molten pool along the forward direction of the plasma gun;
the forward gas cold source conveying module is communicated with the forward forced gas cooling device, a cold source output by the forward gas cold source conveying module surrounds a molten pool, and molten drops in the molten pool are quickly solidified by the cold source to form a new deposition layer.
Based on the first aspect, in one embodiment of the present invention, the second cooling subsystem includes: the lateral air cooling conveying module is used for conveying the cold source generated by the two lateral air cooling devices to the deposited layer;
the lateral air cooling conveying module is communicated with the double-lateral air cooling device, and a cold source output by the lateral air cooling conveying module flows to the deposited layer at the two sides of the deposited layer, so that heat of the deposited layer is led out by the cold source.
Based on the first aspect, in one embodiment of the present invention, a shielding gas flow flows around a high-temperature plasma arc generated by the plasma gun, and the shielding gas flow is placed inside the plasma gun;
the cooling gas flow generated by the first cooling subsystem acts outside the protective gas flow, and the cooling gas flow spatially avoids the protective gas flow to reduce the temperature of the molten pool.
Based on the first aspect, in one embodiment of the invention, the plasma gun and the wire feeding mechanism are installed on a three-dimensional moving device, the control unit is connected with the three-dimensional moving device, and the control unit controls the three-dimensional moving device to drive the plasma gun and the wire feeding mechanism to synchronously move;
the positive air cooling source conveying module of the first cooling subsystem is arranged on the three-dimensional moving device;
the lateral air cooling conveying module of the second cooling subsystem is arranged on the three-dimensional moving device.
Based on the first aspect, in one embodiment of the present invention, the forward forced air cooling device of the first cooling subsystem and the double lateral air cooling device of the second cooling subsystem are the same air supply device, and the air supply device supplies cooling air to the forward air cooling source conveying module of the first cooling subsystem and the lateral air cooling conveying module of the second cooling subsystem.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of fuse additive manufacturing by molten pool hot deposition assisted hot and cold forming, comprising:
heating the wire before feeding the wire into a molten pool to enable the wire to reach a certain preheating temperature;
the wire feeding mechanism is used for feeding the tail end of the wire to the lower part of the plasma gun, and the tail end of the wire is melted into molten drops by a high-temperature plasma arc generated by the plasma gun to be piled up to form a molten pool;
the positive side of the molten pool is forcedly cooled by low-temperature argon flow, so that the molten pool is quickly solidified and molded;
and (3) adopting low-temperature argon flow to forcedly cool the deposited layer at two sides of the deposited layer of the molten pool, and leading out heat of the deposited layer.
One or more technical schemes provided by the invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
1. according to the invention, the preheating subsystem is adopted to raise the temperature of the wire from normal temperature to 300-600 ℃, so that the energy required by melting the tail end of the wire by a high-temperature plasma arc is effectively reduced, the manufacturing efficiency of the fuse wire additive is improved under the condition that the arc energy is kept unchanged, and the production efficiency is further improved.
2. The invention cools the molten pool and the deposition layer below the molten pool through the cooling subsystem, the low-temperature argon generated by the cooling subsystem enables the molten pool to be quickly solidified and molded, and in addition, a large amount of heat energy accumulated on the deposition layer is forcedly cooled by the low-temperature argon, so that the heat of the deposition layer and the heat of the molten pool are quickly led out, and the heat leading-out efficiency is improved.
3. The invention adopts the first cooling subsystem to cool the molten pool, and adopts the second cooling subsystem to cool the deposited layer, thereby effectively reducing the temperature difference between the deposited layer and the newly deposited layer and avoiding the internal stress generated by the deposited layer and the uneven shrinkage of the deposited layer material.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments of the present invention or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a fuse additive manufacturing system with molten pool hot deposition auxiliary hot and cold forming according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fuse additive manufacturing structure for hot deposition assist hot and cold forming of a molten pool according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a fuse additive by hot and cold forming with a molten pool hot deposition process.
Reference numerals: 100-wire; 110-terminal; 200-dripping; 300-high temperature plasma arc; 400-gas; 1-a plasma gun; 2-high frequency induction heating the conductor; 3-a three-dimensional mobile device; 4-a forward gas cold source conveying module; 5-a lateral air-cooled delivery module; 6-a deposited layer; 7-melting pool; 8-shielding gas.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a fuse additive manufacturing system for hot and cold forming by using molten pool hot deposition according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fuse additive manufacturing structure for hot and cold forming by using molten pool hot deposition according to an embodiment of the present invention; the embodiment of the invention provides a fuse additive manufacturing system for hot deposition auxiliary hot and cold forming of a molten pool, which comprises the following components: the plasma gun 1 is used for generating a high-temperature plasma arc 300, a wire feeding mechanism for feeding the wire 100 into the molten pool 7, a control unit for controlling the movement of the plasma gun 1 and the wire feeding mechanism, a preheating subsystem for preheating the wire 100, a cooling subsystem for cold forming the molten pool 7 and the deposition layers, and the plasma gun 1 extinguishes the high-temperature plasma arc 300 between the deposition layers manufactured by fuse wire additive; the wire feeder ensures that the tip 110 of the wire 100 melts into a stack of droplets 200 forming the melt pool 7 during the generation of the high temperature plasma arc 300 by the plasma gun 1; the control unit controls the plasma gun 1 to generate a high-temperature plasma arc 300 so as to melt the tail end 110 of the wire 100, controls the wire feeding mechanism to convey the tail end 110 of the wire 100 to the lower part of the plasma gun 1, and controls the high-temperature plasma arc 300 to melt the tail end 110 of the wire 100 into molten drops 200 to be repeatedly piled on the deposited layer 6; the preheating subsystem enables the wire 100 conveyed by the wire feeding mechanism to rise to 300-600 ℃ from normal temperature; the gas 400 outputted by the cooling subsystem cools the molten pool 7 to realize cold forming, and the gas 400 outputted by the cooling subsystem cools the sedimentary deposit so as to lead out heat of the sedimentary deposit. The preheating subsystem of the present embodiment heats the wire 100, which means heating the wire 100 to a solid or semi-solid state so that the high temperature plasma arc 300 melts the end of the wire 100 in a short time. The specific state of the wire 100 depends on the melting point and melting temperature range of the metal. In practical application, a proper temperature value is selected between 300 ℃ and 600 ℃ according to the metal characteristics of the wire 100, the wire 100 is heated from normal temperature to solid/semi-solid state through the preheating subsystem, and the wire 100 is preferably subjected to a phase change process gradually in the process of heating the wire 100. In the temperature range of 300-600 ℃, the metal structure of the wire 100 gradually loses order, and atoms or ions of the wire 100 can move, so that the strength and hardness of the wire 100 are gradually reduced.
In some applications, the preheating subsystem of embodiments of the present invention heats the wire 100, and the wire 100 may exhibit soft, high plasticity characteristics when the wire 100 is in a semi-solid state. In order to make the tail end of the wire 100 run below the plasma gun 1 along the preset path, an auxiliary conveying subsystem is further installed beside the preheating subsystem, and the auxiliary conveying subsystem contacts the wire 100, and the auxiliary conveying subsystem makes the wire 100 move along the preset path. The periphery of the high-temperature plasma arc 300 is output with the shielding gas 8, and the shielding gas 8 protects the high-temperature plasma arc 300.
The arc additive manufacturing process is a repeated stacking process of melting the wire 100 by the high-temperature plasma arc 300, and the existing arc additive manufacturing has the defects of large heat input amount, serious heat accumulation and the like. In terms of forming process heat buildup control, conventional techniques use small arc currents to reduce deposit heat input or extend interlayer latency to mitigate heat buildup. The small arc current may reduce arc energy, reduce deposit heat input from the source, reduce deposit heat damage, but the small arc current limits wire 100 melting efficiency, affecting arc additive manufacturing efficiency. The conventional technology can effectively promote heat conduction and radiation heat dissipation of a deposition layer by prolonging the waiting time between layers, relieve heat accumulation of the deposition layer, reduce the temperature between layers, improve the stability and forming quality of the molten pool 7, however, the conventional technology increases the arc extinguishing time, and the melting efficiency of the wire 100 is reduced due to the increase of the arc extinguishing time.
The preheating subsystem according to the embodiment of the invention comprises: an ac module in which a high-frequency induction heating conductor 2 is curled in a loop shape and an ac current flows through the high-frequency induction heating conductor 2 to generate a magnetic flux; the wire 100 is connected with a wire feeding mechanism after penetrating through the conductor, the magnetic beam penetrates through the wire 100, and the wire 100 generates joule heat under the action of the magnetic beam so that the temperature of the wire 100 is raised to 300-600 ℃. Preferably, the preheating subsystem is located beside the wire feeder, the wire feeder is located beside the plasma gun, and the wire feeder is located between the preheating subsystem and the plasma gun. Preferably, the preheating subsystem adopts a high-frequency induction heating mode, and heats the wire 100 before the wire 100 is fed into the molten pool 7 to reach the preheating temperature of 300-600 ℃, so that the energy of an electric arc for melting the wire 100 is reduced, the melting time of the wire 100 can be shortened under the condition that the energy of the electric arc is kept unchanged, and the forming efficiency is further improved.
The cooling subsystem according to the embodiment of the invention comprises: a first cooling subsystem for immediately cooling the newly deposited layer, a second cooling subsystem for forcibly cooling the deposited layer 6; the newly deposited layer is formed by rapid solidification of molten drops in the molten pool 7; the deposited layer 6 is located between the newly deposited layer and the substrate of the fuse additive manufacturing system.
Preferably the first cooling subsystem comprises: the forward forced air cooling device and the forward air cooling source conveying module are used for conveying cooling sources generated by the forward forced air cooling device to the molten pool 7 along the forward direction of the plasma gun; the forward gas cold source conveying module is communicated with the forward forced gas cooling device, a cold source output by the forward gas cold source conveying module surrounds the molten pool, and molten drops in the cold source rapid solidification molten pool 7 form a new deposition layer. Preferably the second cooling subsystem comprises: the lateral air cooling conveying module is used for conveying a cold source generated by the lateral air cooling device to the deposited layer 6; the lateral air cooling conveying module is communicated with the double lateral air cooling device, and a cold source output by the lateral air cooling conveying module flows to the deposited layer 6 from the two sides of the deposited layer 6, so that heat of the deposited layer 6 is led out by the cold source.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the first cooling subsystem is adopted to introduce the directional low-temperature gas into the molten pool 7, and the directional low-temperature gas is used for immediately cold forming the molten pool 7, so that the cold forming time can be shortened, and the forming precision can be improved; according to the embodiment of the invention, the second cooling subsystem is adopted to introduce the two-dimensional low-temperature gas into the deposited layer 6, and the two-dimensional low-temperature gas performs auxiliary cooling control on the deposited layer 6, so that the heat accumulation of the deposited layer 6 can be obviously reduced; the embodiment of the invention adopts the cooperation of the first cooling subsystem and the second cooling subsystem to reduce the interlayer waiting time, improve the forming efficiency and reduce the deformation of the formed piece.
In actual use, the high-temperature plasma arc generated by the plasma gun provided by the embodiment of the invention flows with the shielding gas 8 around, and the shielding gas 8 is arranged at the inner side of the plasma gun; the cooling gas flow generated by the first cooling subsystem acts on the outer side of the shielding gas 8, and the cooling gas flow spatially avoids the shielding gas 8 to reduce the temperature of the molten pool 7. The wire 100 is melted by a high-temperature plasma arc and then piled up in a molten drop form to form a molten pool 7, and the molten pool 7 is forcedly cooled by a low-temperature argon flow at the front side of the molten pool 7, so that the molten pool 7 is quickly solidified and formed, and the phenomena of large structure caused by the growth of crystal grains and overhigh local temperature are avoided. Because the lower layer deposition layer of the molten pool 7 also gathers a large amount of heat energy, which restricts the efficient forming and tissue optimization of the molten pool 7, the embodiment of the invention adopts forced cooling of low-temperature argon air flow at two sides of the deposited layer 6, so that the heat export efficiency of the deposited layer 6 is improved, and the replacement of interlayer energy and the improvement of forming efficiency are promoted.
The forward forced air cooling device of the first cooling subsystem and the bilateral air cooling device of the second cooling subsystem are the same air source air supply device, and the air source air supply device provides cooling air for the forward air cooling source conveying module of the first cooling subsystem and the lateral air cooling conveying module of the second cooling subsystem. The cooling gas in the embodiment of the invention is preferably low-temperature argon, and the low-temperature argon is realized in two ways: (1) controlling the vaporization temperature of liquid argon; (2) and (5) circularly cooling the gaseous argon by water. The first cooling subsystem and the second cooling subsystem of the embodiment of the invention take away the heat of the molten pool 7 and the deposition layer, so that the molten pool 7 and the deposition layer are cooled, and the thermal deposition of the molten pool 7 and the deposition layer is avoided.
With continued reference to fig. 2, in the embodiment of the present invention, a plasma gun 1 and a wire feeding mechanism are installed on a three-dimensional moving device 3, a control unit is connected to the three-dimensional moving device 3, and the control unit controls the three-dimensional moving device 3 to drive the plasma gun 1 and the wire feeding mechanism to move synchronously; the forward air cooling source conveying module 4 of the first cooling subsystem is arranged on the three-dimensional moving device 3; the lateral air-cooled delivery module 5 of the second cooling subsystem is mounted to the three-dimensional moving device 3.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the preheating function of the wire 100 is added to the plasma gun, the wire feeding speed is increased from 3m/min to 5.5m/min, the wire feeding efficiency is increased by 83.3%, the high-frequency induction heating power of the preheating subsystem is adjustable, and the temperature of the wire 100 is increased from normal temperature to 300-600 ℃. In the embodiment of the invention, the scanning speed of the high-temperature plasma arc 300 of the plasma gun is increased from 1800mm/min to 2700mm/min, and the scanning speed is increased by 50%; the interval time of interlayer printing of a unit area is reduced from 60s to within 5s during the manufacturing of the fuse wire additive, so that a continuous automatic production process is realized; the liquid-solid cooling time of the molten pool is reduced from 2.2s to about 0.7s, and the forming efficiency is higher; the temperature of the secondary deposition layer is averagely reduced by 150 ℃ under the continuous printing condition, and the printed and molded product has higher structural property.
In addition, referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a fuse additive by using a molten pool thermal deposition auxiliary thermal and cold forming according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for manufacturing a fuse additive by using a molten pool thermal deposition auxiliary thermal and cold forming, which includes:
heating the wire before feeding the wire into a molten pool to enable the wire to reach a certain preheating temperature;
the wire feeding mechanism is used for feeding the tail end of the wire to the lower part of the plasma gun, and the tail end of the wire is melted into molten drops by a high-temperature plasma arc generated by the plasma gun to be piled up to form a molten pool;
the positive side of the molten pool is forcedly cooled by low-temperature argon flow, so that the molten pool is quickly solidified and molded;
and (3) adopting low-temperature argon flow to forcedly cool the deposited layer at two sides of the deposited layer of the molten pool, and leading out heat of the deposited layer.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the gas generated by the cooling subsystem (preferably, the gas is a directional low-temperature gas) is a cooling gas flow directly acting on the outside of the shielding gas, and the cooling gas flow does not intersect with the shielding gas spatially, and the shielding gas is a directional gas flow placed on the inside of the plasma gun. The purpose of the gas is to quickly reduce the temperature of the bath, generally the bath is set to about 1s from solidification, and the cooling gas flow does not excessively cool the bath at about 2000 ℃ in such a short time, but can quickly take away a large amount of heat energy released during solidification of the bath so as to reduce the continuous accumulation of interlayer temperature to cause coarse structure and performance reduction.
In the printing process of the fuse wire additive manufacturing system, a wire feeding mechanism and a plasma arc are arranged on a three-dimensional moving device, a matrix of the fuse wire additive manufacturing system is formed by a molten pool step by step, the position of the matrix is not changed, and a forward gas cold source conveying module is fixed on a bracket of a plasma gun, namely, directional cooling gas output by the forward gas cold source conveying module is synchronously changed along with the position change of the plasma gun in the printing process. Because the matrix is a hot metal conductor, the matrix is in a high-temperature state in the printing process, and the heat distribution of the hot metal conductor is attenuated from the molten pool to the periphery, the directional cooling gas output by the forward gas cold source conveying module cools the metal matrix near and around the molten pool, and the forward gas cold source conveying module preferably adopts a flow guide pipe acting on the metal matrix.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the preheating subsystem is adopted to raise the temperature of the wire from normal temperature to 300-600 ℃, so that the energy required by melting the tail end of the wire by a high-temperature plasma arc is effectively reduced, the manufacturing efficiency of the fuse wire additive is improved under the condition that the arc energy is kept unchanged, and the production efficiency is further improved. According to the embodiment of the invention, the cooling subsystem is used for cooling the molten pool and the deposition layer below the molten pool, the low-temperature argon generated by the cooling subsystem enables the molten pool to be quickly solidified and molded, and in addition, a large amount of heat energy accumulated on the deposition layer is forcedly cooled by the low-temperature argon, so that the heat of the deposition layer and the heat of the molten pool are quickly led out, and the heat leading-out efficiency is improved. According to the embodiment of the invention, the first cooling subsystem is used for cooling the molten pool, and the second cooling subsystem is used for cooling the deposited layer, so that the temperature difference between the deposited layer and the newly deposited layer is effectively reduced, and the internal stress generated by the deposited layer and the uneven shrinkage of the deposited layer material are avoided.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Further, one skilled in the art can engage and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the present invention; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced with equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A molten pool hot deposition assisted hot and cold formed fuse additive manufacturing system, comprising:
a plasma gun for generating a high temperature plasma arc; the plasma gun extinguishes high-temperature plasma arcs among all deposition layers of the fuse additive manufacturing;
a wire feeder for feeding wire into the melt pool, the wire feeder ensuring that the wire tip melts into a stack of droplets forming the melt pool during the generation of a high temperature plasma arc by the plasma gun;
the control unit controls the plasma gun and the wire feeding mechanism to move, the control unit controls the plasma gun to generate high-temperature plasma arcs to melt the tail end of the wire, the control unit controls the wire feeding mechanism to convey the tail end of the wire to the position below the plasma gun, and the control unit controls the high-temperature plasma arcs to melt the tail end of the wire into molten drops to be repeatedly piled on a deposited layer;
the preheating subsystem is used for preheating the wire, and the wire conveyed by the wire feeding mechanism is enabled to rise to 300-600 ℃ from normal temperature;
and the cooling subsystem is used for cooling the molten pool and the deposition layer, the gas output by the cooling subsystem cools the molten pool to realize cold forming, and the gas output by the cooling subsystem cools the deposition layer to lead out the heat of the deposition layer.
2. The molten pool hot deposition auxiliary hot and cold formed fuse additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein said pre-heat subsystem comprises: an alternating current module for passing an alternating current through the conductor to generate a magnetic flux;
the wire rod is connected with the wire feeding mechanism after penetrating through the conductor, the magnetic beam penetrates through the wire rod, and the wire rod generates joule heat under the action of the magnetic beam so that the temperature of the wire rod is raised to 300-600 ℃.
3. The molten pool hot deposition assisted hot and cold forming fuse additive manufacturing system of claim 2, wherein the preheat subsystem is located beside the wire feeder, the wire feeder is located beside the plasma gun, and the wire feeder is located between the preheat subsystem and the plasma gun.
4. The molten pool hot deposition auxiliary hot and cold formed fuse additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein said cooling subsystem comprises: a first cooling subsystem for immediately cooling the newly deposited layer, and a second cooling subsystem for forcibly cooling the deposited layer;
the new deposition layer is formed by rapid solidification of molten drops in a molten pool; the deposited layer is located between the newly deposited layer and a substrate of the fuse additive manufacturing system.
5. The molten pool hot deposition auxiliary hot and cold formed fuse additive manufacturing system of claim 4, wherein said first cooling subsystem comprises: the forward forced air cooling device is used for conveying a cold source generated by the forward forced air cooling device to a forward air cold source conveying module of a molten pool along the forward direction of the plasma gun;
the forward gas cold source conveying module is communicated with the forward forced gas cooling device, a cold source output by the forward gas cold source conveying module surrounds a molten pool, and molten drops in the molten pool are quickly solidified by the cold source to form a new deposition layer.
6. The molten pool hot deposition auxiliary hot and cold formed fuse additive manufacturing system of claim 4, wherein said second cooling subsystem comprises: the lateral air cooling conveying module is used for conveying the cold source generated by the two lateral air cooling devices to the deposited layer;
the lateral air cooling conveying module is communicated with the double-lateral air cooling device, and a cold source output by the lateral air cooling conveying module flows to the deposited layer at the two sides of the deposited layer, so that heat of the deposited layer is led out by the cold source.
7. The fuse additive manufacturing system of a molten pool hot deposition auxiliary hot and cold forming of claim 4, wherein a protective gas flow flows around a high temperature plasma arc generated by the plasma gun, and the protective gas flow is arranged inside the plasma gun;
the cooling gas flow generated by the first cooling subsystem acts outside the protective gas flow, and the cooling gas flow spatially avoids the protective gas flow to reduce the temperature of the molten pool.
8. The fuse additive manufacturing system for hot and cold forming of molten pool hot deposition according to claim 7, wherein the plasma gun and the wire feeding mechanism are arranged on a three-dimensional moving device, the control unit is connected with the three-dimensional moving device, and the control unit controls the three-dimensional moving device to drive the plasma gun and the wire feeding mechanism to synchronously move;
the positive air cooling source conveying module of the first cooling subsystem is arranged on the three-dimensional moving device;
the lateral air cooling conveying module of the second cooling subsystem is arranged on the three-dimensional moving device.
9. The molten bath hot deposition auxiliary hot and cold forming fuse additive manufacturing system according to claim 4, wherein the forward forced air cooling device of the first cooling subsystem and the double lateral air cooling device of the second cooling subsystem are the same air supply device, and the air supply device supplies cooling air to the forward air cooling source conveying module of the first cooling subsystem and the lateral air cooling conveying module of the second cooling subsystem.
10. A method of manufacturing a fuse additive by hot and cold forming by molten pool hot deposition, comprising:
heating the wire before feeding the wire into a molten pool to enable the wire to reach a certain preheating temperature;
the wire feeding mechanism is used for feeding the tail end of the wire to the lower part of the plasma gun, and the tail end of the wire is melted into molten drops by a high-temperature plasma arc generated by the plasma gun to be piled up to form a molten pool;
the positive side of the molten pool is forcedly cooled by low-temperature argon flow, so that the molten pool is quickly solidified and molded;
and (3) adopting low-temperature argon flow to forcedly cool the deposited layer at two sides of the deposited layer of the molten pool, and leading out heat of the deposited layer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311646270.5A CN117340403A (en) | 2023-12-04 | 2023-12-04 | Fuse additive manufacturing system and method for hot deposition auxiliary hot and cold forming of molten pool |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311646270.5A CN117340403A (en) | 2023-12-04 | 2023-12-04 | Fuse additive manufacturing system and method for hot deposition auxiliary hot and cold forming of molten pool |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117340403A true CN117340403A (en) | 2024-01-05 |
Family
ID=89365300
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311646270.5A Pending CN117340403A (en) | 2023-12-04 | 2023-12-04 | Fuse additive manufacturing system and method for hot deposition auxiliary hot and cold forming of molten pool |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117340403A (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108907188A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-11-30 | 西安增材制造国家研究院有限公司 | A kind of temperature control equipment and its control method for increasing material manufacturing |
| CN111032254A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2020-04-17 | 挪威钛公司 | Solidification refinement and general phase change control by applying in-situ gas jet impingement in metal additive manufacturing |
| CN112518082A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-19 | 上海交通大学 | Robot hot wire TIG increases material quantity monitored control system based on many sensory information |
| CN114905126A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-08-16 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | Device and method for manufacturing three-dimensional gradient material by filament-powder co-melting plasma arc additive manufacturing |
| CN116352105A (en) * | 2023-03-30 | 2023-06-30 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司北京民用飞机技术研究中心 | Cooling system and cooling method for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing equipment |
-
2023
- 2023-12-04 CN CN202311646270.5A patent/CN117340403A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111032254A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2020-04-17 | 挪威钛公司 | Solidification refinement and general phase change control by applying in-situ gas jet impingement in metal additive manufacturing |
| CN108907188A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-11-30 | 西安增材制造国家研究院有限公司 | A kind of temperature control equipment and its control method for increasing material manufacturing |
| CN112518082A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-19 | 上海交通大学 | Robot hot wire TIG increases material quantity monitored control system based on many sensory information |
| CN114905126A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-08-16 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | Device and method for manufacturing three-dimensional gradient material by filament-powder co-melting plasma arc additive manufacturing |
| CN116352105A (en) * | 2023-03-30 | 2023-06-30 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司北京民用飞机技术研究中心 | Cooling system and cooling method for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing equipment |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN108161229B (en) | A kind of method of silk filling formula increasing material manufacturing entity class aluminium alloy structure | |
| JP6211156B2 (en) | System for constructing metal object by three-dimensional free-form fabrication method and method for producing three-dimensional object of metal material by three-dimensional free-form fabrication method | |
| CN109514068B (en) | Device based on electron beam hot filament fuse vibration material disk | |
| CN113352012B (en) | Bypass plasma arc twin-wire composite additive manufacturing device and method | |
| WO2018196868A1 (en) | Three-dimensional printing method | |
| CN105458470A (en) | Material increase manufacturing method for titanium alloy shape part by using double-arc hybrid heat source | |
| CN109550947B (en) | Metal deposition forming method and device based on ultrahigh frequency induction heating | |
| CN114226916B (en) | Device and method for improving surface forming precision of arc material-increasing component | |
| CN109514066A (en) | The device of control interlayer temperature based on electron beam fuse increasing material manufacturing | |
| CN109909616A (en) | A kind of stainless steel structure part increasing material manufacturing method and manufacture system based on low power laser induction TIG electric arc | |
| CN104493166A (en) | Method for quickly forming metal component through laminar direct-current plasma torch | |
| CN112139649A (en) | Method for preparing titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound based on electron beam dual-wire fuse in-situ additive | |
| CN109807417A (en) | A kind of method that laser actively cuts welding wire control droplet temperature | |
| CN209867363U (en) | Resistance induction composite heating metal wire material additive manufacturing device | |
| CN111730172A (en) | Substrate-wire material cooperative preheating device and method for electric arc additive manufacturing | |
| CN114769796A (en) | TOPTIG electric arc additive manufacturing device and method for modified aluminum alloy | |
| CN117340403A (en) | Fuse additive manufacturing system and method for hot deposition auxiliary hot and cold forming of molten pool | |
| CN212094335U (en) | Electromagnetic induction heating metal wire semi-liquid 3D printing control device | |
| CN114905126A (en) | Device and method for manufacturing three-dimensional gradient material by filament-powder co-melting plasma arc additive manufacturing | |
| CN115091000A (en) | Arc-assisted hot wire space support rod-free efficient additive manufacturing equipment and method | |
| US11134559B2 (en) | Plasma torch system | |
| CN115008017A (en) | MIG electric arc double-wire low-heat-input additive manufacturing method for scanning laser-assisted shaping molten pool | |
| CN103567442A (en) | Heavy-metal three-dimensional fusing and rapid forming method | |
| US20210252642A1 (en) | Additive manufacture | |
| CN212683024U (en) | Continuous wire feeding induction heating composite rolling semi-solid additive manufacturing system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |