CN114769796A - TOPTIG electric arc additive manufacturing device and method for modified aluminum alloy - Google Patents
TOPTIG electric arc additive manufacturing device and method for modified aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN114769796A CN114769796A CN202210474658.0A CN202210474658A CN114769796A CN 114769796 A CN114769796 A CN 114769796A CN 202210474658 A CN202210474658 A CN 202210474658A CN 114769796 A CN114769796 A CN 114769796A
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000016 photochemical curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a TOPTIG electric arc material increasing device for modified aluminum alloy, which comprises a nozzle, wherein a jacket is arranged on a nozzle sleeve, a tungsten electrode is positioned in the jacket, the nozzle is positioned right above a workpiece and is connected with a powder feeder through a powder feeding pipe, and a powder heating box for heating powder is arranged on the powder feeding pipe; the side wall of the nozzle is provided with a wire feeder, and the bottom end of the wire is positioned at the front end of the tungsten electrode. The invention also discloses a material increase method of the TOPTIG electric arc material increase device for modifying the aluminum alloy. The TOPTIG electric arc additive device and the additive method for modifying the aluminum alloy can solve the problems of low forming efficiency and poor performance of the formed aluminum alloy in the existing additive manufacturing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy additive, in particular to a TOPTIG electric arc additive device and a TOPTIG electric arc additive method for modifying aluminum alloy.
Background
The additive manufacturing is a manufacturing technology which is based on a mathematical model file, and the special metal material, the non-metal material and the medical biomaterial are stacked layer by layer through software and a numerical control system according to the modes of extrusion, sintering, melting, photocuring, spraying and the like to manufacture a solid object. Due to the advantages of light weight, high specific strength and the like, the aluminum alloy is widely applied to aerospace structure construction, and is particularly applied to large structural members. Therefore, the additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy in aerospace is also widely applied.
At present, the conventional additive manufacturing method mainly comprises powder bed selective laser melting and wire feeding TIG electric arc additive manufacturing methods, but all have certain disadvantages. The selective laser melting and forming speed of the powder bed is low, and the size of the part is small; although the multi-laser additive manufacturing equipment developed at present can improve the melting speed and enlarge the size range of the formable parts to a certain extent; but still has the problems of excessive cost, too large equipment size and the like. Wire feed TIG arc additive manufacturing is not too limited in part molding size, but is not as fast in molding speed as MIG arc additive manufacturing methods and is not as fast in manufacturing large parts. The wire feeding type TIG electric arc additive manufacturing has the defects that the size of the end part of a welding gun is overlarge, the positioning reliability is poor, the angle and the distance from a tungsten electrode to a bottom plate, the wire feeding angle and other controls are sensitive, and meanwhile, the flexibility and the accessibility of a robot are limited by a wire feeding device, so that the wire feeding device is not suitable for forming of a precise complex structure. MIG electric arc additive manufacturing can realize semi-automatic and full-automatic molding, molding efficiency is high, but molding process stability is poor, and parts have more metallurgical defects such as slag inclusion, air holes and the like between layers, so that final mechanical properties are influenced.
The aluminum alloy has poor metallurgical performance and mechanical performance, when a large-size part is formed, internal structure thermal stress and thermal deformation are increased due to multiple heat inputs, the problems of cracks, deformation and the like are caused on the finally formed part due to an accumulative effect, and the precision and the mechanical performance are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a TOPTIG electric arc additive device for modifying an aluminum alloy, which solves the problems of low forming efficiency and poor performance of the formed aluminum alloy in the existing additive manufacturing. Another object of the present invention is to provide an additive method of the TOPTIG arc additive apparatus for modifying aluminum alloys.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a TOPTIG electric arc material increasing device for modified aluminum alloy, which comprises a nozzle, wherein a jacket is arranged on the nozzle, a tungsten electrode is positioned in the jacket, the nozzle is positioned right above a workpiece and is connected with a powder feeder through a powder feeding pipe, and a powder heating box for heating powder is arranged on the powder feeding pipe; the side wall of the nozzle is provided with a wire feeder, and the bottom end of the wire is positioned at the front end of the tungsten electrode.
Preferably, the nozzle is of a funnel-shaped structure, the nozzle and the jacket are coaxially arranged, and the top of the nozzle is fixedly connected with the jacket in a sealing mode.
Preferably, the inclination angle of the wire is 15-25 degrees.
Preferably, a heating assembly for heating the wire material is arranged on the wire feeder.
Preferably, the workpiece is arranged on a bottom plate, and a bottom plate heating device is arranged below the bottom plate.
The additive method of the TOPTIG electric arc additive device for modifying the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, slicing the workpiece model;
s2, loading the sliced data into an upper computer, and starting a powder heating box, a wire feeder and a bottom plate heating device to preheat;
s3, turning on a power supply of the TOPTIG welding machine to start arc, adjusting the wire feeding speed of the wire feeder, the powder feeding speed of the powder feeder and the angle of a welding gun, and performing material increase operation;
and S4, finishing the last layer after the model is sliced, and finishing the whole material increase operation.
Preferably, in step S2, the preheating temperature of the workpiece is 80-200 ℃.
Preferably, in the step S3, the powder feeding rate is 0-50g/min and the wire feeding rate is 10-200 cm/min.
The TOPTIG electric arc additive device and the additive method for the modified aluminum alloy have the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the nozzle can be used for adding modified powder into a molten pool in real time, and the powder adding speed is regulated and controlled in real time according to the required characteristics of the workpiece; the addition of the modified powder can refine the grain size and has the function of fine-grain reinforcement on a workpiece; the modified powder can optimize the chemical components of the aluminum alloy, improve the metallurgical performance of the aluminum alloy and improve the molding quality. And the inert gas in the TOPTIG electric arc also has the protection effect on the powder, thereby being beneficial to reducing the manufacturing equipment cost and the part manufacturing cost.
2. The inclination angle of silk material is nearly parallel with the conical surface of tungsten utmost point bottom, send a silk machine with the silk material directly to the highest temperature region of tungsten utmost point front end, energy utilization improves by a wide margin to be favorable to improving shaping speed.
3. The wire feeder, the nozzle and the tungsten electrode are integrated into an integrated design, so that the flexibility is good, and the high-precision additive manufacturing of complex parts can be realized; and the freedom among the tungsten electrode, the wire and the bottom plate can be reduced, the relative positions of the tungsten electrode, the wire and the bottom plate are easy to control, the molten drop transition is stable, the molten pool is stable, the metallurgical defects such as slag inclusion and pores in the molten pool are few, and the control of the quality and the mechanical property of the surface and the side surface among layers is facilitated.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a TOPTIG arc additive manufacturing device and additive manufacturing method for modifying an aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals
1. A tungsten electrode; 2. a jacket; 3. a nozzle; 4. a wire feeder; 5. wire material; 6. a powder heating box; 7. a powder feeder; 8. a powder feeding pipe; 9. a workpiece; 10. a base plate; 11. a soleplate heating device.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the attached drawings and the embodiment.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in the present application do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather the terms are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item preceding the word comprises the element or item listed after the word and its equivalent, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used only to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.
Examples
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a TOPTIG arc additive manufacturing apparatus and an additive manufacturing method for modifying an aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the TOPTIG electric arc additive device for modifying the aluminum alloy comprises a nozzle 3, wherein a jacket 2 is arranged on the nozzle 3. The nozzle 3 is a funnel-shaped structure which is made of steel and has a cylindrical upper part and a conical lower part, so that metal powder can be gathered and sprayed out conveniently. The bottom of the nozzle 3 is provided with a powder outlet, the nozzle 3 is positioned right above the workpiece 9, and the metal powder is sprayed on the surface of the workpiece 9 through the powder outlet to increase and modify the material of the workpiece 9. The nozzle 3 and the jacket 2 are coaxially arranged, and the top of the nozzle 3 is fixedly connected with the jacket 2 in a sealing way. The tungsten electrode 1 is positioned at the center of the jacket 2, and the tungsten electrode 1 extends above the workpiece 9 through the center of the jacket 2 for heating the workpiece 9 and the metal powder. The metal powder surrounds the tungsten electrode 1, and the uniformity of the tungsten electrode 1 for heating the metal powder is improved.
The nozzle 3 is connected to a powder feeder 7 through a powder feed pipe 8, and the powder feed pipe 8 is provided with a powder heating box 6 for heating powder. The powder feeder 7 can be used for feeding powder by using an existing air pump mode or other existing modes to provide power for the flow of the metal powder. The composition of the metal powder can be the same as or different from that of the wire, and the composition of the metal powder is adjusted according to the performance of the aluminum alloy, so that the performance of the aluminum alloy is improved. The powder heating box 6 heats the prepared metal powder, then the heated metal powder is sent to the nozzle 3 through the powder feeding pipe 8, finally the metal powder is sprayed into a material increase welding part through an opening at the bottom of the nozzle 3, and the performance of the workpiece 9 is regulated and controlled and material increase is carried out through the metal powder. The nozzle 3 is arranged to add the modified powder to the molten pool in real time, and the powder adding rate is regulated and controlled in real time through the powder feeder 7 according to the required characteristics of the workpiece 9. The addition of the modified powder can refine the grain size and has a fine-grain strengthening effect on the workpiece 9.
The nozzle 3 is provided with an inert gas inlet, and inert gas enters the nozzle through the inert gas inlet. The inert gas has the protection effect on the wire 5, the metal powder and the molten pool, and is beneficial to reducing the manufacturing equipment cost and the part manufacturing cost.
The side wall of the nozzle 3 is provided with a wire feeder 4, and the bottom end of a wire 5 is positioned at the front end of the tungsten electrode 1. Be provided with the heating element who heats silk material 5 on the thread feeding machine 4, heating element can choose for use current heating methods, for example, resistance wire heating. The inclination angle of the wire 5 is approximately parallel to the conical surface of the bottom end of the tungsten electrode 1, and the inclination angle of the wire 5 is 15-25 degrees; preferably, the angle of inclination of the wire is 20 °. The wire feeder 4 directly feeds the wire 5 to the highest temperature area at the front end of the tungsten electrode 1, so that the energy utilization rate is greatly improved, and the forming speed is favorably improved. The wire feeder 4, the nozzle 3 and the tungsten electrode 1 are integrated into an integrated design, so that the flexibility is good, and the high-precision additive manufacturing of complex parts can be realized; and the freedom among the tungsten electrode 1, the wire 5 and the bottom plate 10 can be reduced, the relative positions of the three are easy to control, the molten drop transition is stable, the molten pool is stable, the metallurgical defects of slag inclusion, air holes and the like in the interior are few, and the control of the quality and the mechanical property of the surface and the side surface among layers is facilitated.
The workpiece 9 is arranged on a base plate 10, and a base plate heating device 11 is arranged below the base plate 10. The base plate heating device 11 heats the base plate 10, thereby heating the workpiece 9 before, during, or after additive deposition.
The additive method of the TOPTIG electric arc additive device for modifying the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
and S1, slicing the workpiece 9 model. And performing three-dimensional modeling on the part to be subjected to additive manufacturing, optimizing the model according to the process characteristics, slicing the data, and storing the data into a model file format required by the additive manufacturing.
And S2, loading the sliced data into an upper computer, and starting preheating by opening the powder heating box 6, the wire feeder 4 and the bottom plate heating device 11. The base plate heating device 11 preheats the workpiece 9 through the base plate 10. The preheating temperature of the workpiece 9 differs depending on the metal material to be formed. The preheating temperature of the workpiece 9 is 80-200 ℃. The wire feeder 4 adjusts the heating temperature of the wire 5 according to the material, diameter and wire feeding speed of the wire 5. The heating temperature of the powder heating box 6 is adjusted according to the composition, particle size and powder feeding speed of the powder.
And S3, turning on a power supply of the TOPTIG welding machine to start arc, adjusting the wire feeding speed of the wire feeder 4, the powder feeding speed of the powder feeder 7 and the angle of a welding gun, and performing material increase operation. The powder feeding speed is 0-50g/min, and the wire feeding speed is 10-200 cm/min. The molten drop transition form is adjusted to be continuous contact transition, so that the transition process is stable, the cladding rate and the forming rate are high, and the risk of tungsten inclusion in a molten pool is reduced. The tail end of the wire 5 still keeps a sharp shape after the electric arc is extinguished in each layer of manufacturing clearance, so that the arcing is more reliable when the next layer of forming starts, the surface among layers is regular, the metallurgical defects of the finally formed parts are few, and the mechanical property is high. The powder feeding rate of the powder feeder 7 is regulated and controlled in real time according to the molding process parameters and the performance requirements of the final workpiece 9.
And S4, finishing the last layer after the model is sliced, and finishing the whole additive operation.
The aluminum alloy in the invention is all aluminum alloys meeting the requirement of an additive manufacturing process, such as 2 series, 6 series, 7 series and the like.
Therefore, the TOPTIG electric arc additive manufacturing device and the TOPTIG electric arc additive manufacturing method for modifying the aluminum alloy can solve the problems that the existing additive manufacturing and forming efficiency is low and the performance of the formed aluminum alloy is poor.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A TOPTIG electric arc material increasing device for modifying aluminum alloy is characterized in that: the device comprises a nozzle, wherein a jacket is arranged on the nozzle, a tungsten electrode is positioned in the jacket, the nozzle is positioned right above a workpiece and connected with a powder feeder through a powder feeding pipe, and a powder heating box for heating powder is arranged on the powder feeding pipe; the side wall of the nozzle is provided with a wire feeder, and the bottom end of the wire is positioned at the front end of the tungsten electrode.
2. A TOPTIG arc additive device for modifying aluminium alloys according to claim 1, characterised in that: the nozzle is of a funnel-shaped structure, the nozzle and the jacket are coaxially arranged, and the top of the nozzle is fixedly connected with the jacket in a sealing mode.
3. A TOPTIG arc additive manufacturing device for modifying aluminum alloys, according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inclination angle of the wire is 15-25 degrees.
4. A TOPTIG arc additive manufacturing device for modifying aluminum alloys, according to claim 1, characterized in that: the wire feeder is provided with a heating assembly for heating wires.
5. A TOPTIG arc additive manufacturing device for modifying aluminum alloys, according to claim 1, characterized in that: the workpiece is arranged on the bottom plate, and a bottom plate heating device is arranged below the bottom plate.
6. The additive method of the TOPTIG arc additive device for modifying aluminum alloys according to any one of claims 1-5, comprising the steps of:
s1, modeling the workpiece slice;
s2, loading the sliced data into an upper computer, and opening a powder heating box, a wire feeder and a bottom plate heating device to start preheating;
s3, turning on a power supply of the TOPTIG welding machine to start an arc, adjusting the wire feeding speed of the wire feeder, the powder feeding speed of the powder feeder and the angle of a welding gun, and performing material increase operation;
and S4, finishing the last layer after the model is sliced, and finishing the whole material increase operation.
7. The TOPTIG arc additive device additive method for modifying aluminum alloys of claim 6, wherein: in the step S2, the preheating temperature of the workpiece is 80 to 200 ℃.
8. The additive method of the TOPTIG arc additive device for modifying aluminum alloys according to claim 6, wherein the additive method comprises the following steps: in the step S3, the powder feeding speed is 0-50g/min and the wire feeding speed is 10-200 cm/min.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN115255396A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-11-01 | 河北金融学院 | Metal high-precision rapid additive manufacturing device and method |
| CN115283698A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-11-04 | 河北金融学院 | Metal rapid additive manufacturing method and device |
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