CN117328922A - Tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system and method for providing airflow with smoke guide included angle - Google Patents
Tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system and method for providing airflow with smoke guide included angle Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 228
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010039203 Road traffic accident Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007954 hypoxia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/003—Ventilation of traffic tunnels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel ventilation smoke exhaust system for providing airflow with a smoke guide included angle, which comprises an airflow providing device with the smoke guide included angle and an airflow providing device outside a tunnel, wherein the inclined airflow with the smoke guide included angle provided by the airflow providing device can guide smoke to diffuse towards the top of the tunnel, so that the smoke can diffuse towards a tunnel entrance or a smoke exhaust vertical shaft along the top of the tunnel under the guidance of horizontal airflow, the influence of the smoke on personnel evacuation is reduced, the smoke exhaust efficiency of the tunnel is improved, the diffusion path of the smoke can be changed after the smoke is exhausted out of the tunnel, and the smoke influence between adjacent tunnels is reduced. The method comprises the steps of determining fire disaster by measuring CO concentration data and temperature data in a tunnel, determining the position of the fire disaster, starting a jet fan, a smoke guiding included angle airflow providing device and an out-tunnel airflow providing device, and adjusting the angle of airflow provided by the smoke guiding included angle airflow providing device in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system for providing airflow with a smoke guide included angle, and a tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust method for providing airflow with a smoke guide included angle, which is suitable for ventilation and smoke exhaust in a tunnel.
Background
With the development of traffic industry, more and more highway tunnels are constructed, and the probability of occurrence of traffic accidents is higher than that of a general road section due to geographical locations and traffic environments. Once traffic accidents occur, measures are not taken in time, and the probability of fire occurrence is greatly increased due to the special structure of the tunnel.
Under the high-cold high-altitude environment, the existing research shows that under the condition of low-pressure hypoxia, the fire development is longer in burning time and more insufficient in burning compared with the fire development in plain areas, and under the superposition of the two conditions, the fire smoke has the characteristics of long duration and high yield. The closed barrel structure of the tunnel can lead to unsmooth smoke discharge, and if the vault jet fan and the shaft axial flow fan react untimely at the moment, or the tunnel fire disaster knocks out to produce a large amount of smoke, the smoke of the fire disaster can be gathered in the section of the tunnel in a large quantity. According to smoke flow law analysis, initially generated smoke can be gathered on a vault firstly, then the smoke moves horizontally to a tunnel portal or a vertical shaft along with the wind force of a jet fan, but when the smoke generation rate is higher than the ventilation and smoke discharge capacity of a tunnel, the smoke can be diffused to the lower side of the vault after impacting the vault due to the inertia force of the smoke, and although initial fire hot pressing is an important factor for maintaining layering of the smoke and cold air, the layering of the smoke and the cold air below is not obvious along with the increase of the diffusion distance of the smoke, and the smoke can be diffused to the lower side of the vault, so that the smoke can flood the whole tunnel section in a large amount, seriously affecting the vision distance and bringing great difficulty to evacuation of personnel in the tunnel. If the parallel wind speed is provided by the jet fan of the tunnel vault, the condition that the smoke fills the whole tunnel section cannot be changed. In the case of a tunnel group, fire smoke in the tunnel not only affects the fire tunnel, but also affects adjacent tunnels, and is extremely easy to diffuse to the adjacent tunnels under the action of the longitudinal wind speed in the fire tunnel.
After the tunnel fires, the longitudinal ventilation wind speed in the tunnel directly determines the fire smoke spreading path in the tunnel and the efficiency of smoke discharging facilities in the tunnel. Fire smoke easily fills the whole tunnel section and spreads along the wind speed direction, and when the fire smoke spreads outside the tunnel, the fire smoke easily spreads to a downstream tunnel and a parallel tunnel.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve the above problems in the prior art and provide a ventilation and smoke exhaust system and method for a tunnel providing airflow with a smoke guiding angle.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical means:
the utility model provides a tunnel ventilation smoke discharging system of lead cigarette contained angle air current, including lead cigarette contained angle air current providing device, lead cigarette contained angle air current providing device includes air current providing device and angle adjustment mechanism, angle adjustment mechanism includes the base plate, L type connecting rod, sliding rack, drive gear, and movable connecting rod, the junction of the long armed lever of L type connecting rod and the short armed lever of L type connecting rod is the regulation fulcrum, adjust fulcrum swing joint on the base plate, the tip and the bottom fixed connection of air current providing device of short armed lever, the tip and the bottom fixed connection of air current providing device of long armed lever and with movable connecting rod one end hinge, the other end and the one end of sliding rack hinge of movable connecting rod, be provided with the guide rail on the base plate, sliding rack sets up on the guide rail as the slider adaptation, sliding rack and drive gear engagement, still be provided with driving motor on the base plate, driving motor's motor shaft and drive gear connection.
The air flow providing device comprises the smoke guide fan, the protective shell, the air outlet window and the smoke guide inclined sheets, wherein the smoke guide fan is arranged inside the protective shell, the air outlet window is formed in the side wall of one side of the protective shell, a plurality of smoke guide inclined sheets which are uniformly distributed from top to bottom are arranged in the air outlet window, two ends of each smoke guide inclined sheet are fixedly connected with two side walls of the air outlet window respectively, the air outlet direction formed between the smoke guide inclined sheets is in an inclined upward direction, and the air outlet of the smoke guide fan faces the air outlet window of the side wall of the protective shell.
As described above, the two airflow providing devices in the airflow providing device with the smoke guide inclined plate and the second airflow providing device are respectively the first airflow providing device and the second airflow providing device, the bottom of the protective casing of the first airflow providing device is connected with the top of the protective casing of the second airflow providing device, the end part of the long arm rod is fixedly connected with the bottom of the protective casing of the second airflow providing device, the end part of the short arm rod is fixedly connected with the bottom of the protective casing of the second airflow providing device, the acute angle between the smoke guide inclined plate of the first airflow providing device and the horizontal plane is a first angle, the acute angle between the smoke guide inclined plate of the second airflow providing device and the horizontal plane is a second angle, and the first angle is larger than the second angle.
The utility model provides a tunnel ventilation smoke discharging system of lead cigarette contained angle air current, still include the shaft of discharging fume, jet fan, and the outer air current providing device of tunnel, jet fan and lead cigarette contained angle air current providing device constitute the inner air current providing device of tunnel, the inner air current providing device of tunnel is a plurality of, jet fan fixes on the inner wall at tunnel top, the lateral wall at tunnel is fixed to the guide cigarette contained angle air current providing device, the shaft of discharging fume sets up at the top of tunnel, the orientation of the air outlet of jet fan in the tunnel is the same with the orientation of the air outlet of guide cigarette contained angle air current providing device, the outer air current providing device of tunnel is located the tunnel mouth outside of tunnel air-out side, the air outlet of the outer air current providing device of tunnel is towards the tunnel mouth of tunnel air-out side.
The tunnel outside air flow providing device comprises a plurality of air flow providing devices, the protective shells of the air flow providing devices of the tunnel outside air flow providing device are sequentially connected from top to bottom, and the acute included angles of the smoke guide inclined sheets and the horizontal plane of all the air flow providing devices of the tunnel outside air flow providing device are the same.
If the distance between two adjacent smoke discharging shafts is 100-150 m, one or two airflow providing devices in the tunnel are arranged between the two adjacent smoke discharging shafts; if the distance between two adjacent smoke discharging shafts is 150 m-300 m, arranging 2-4 airflow providing devices in the tunnel at equal distance between the two adjacent smoke discharging shafts; if the distance between two adjacent smoke discharging shafts is larger than 300m, more than 4 airflow providing devices in the tunnel are arranged between the two adjacent smoke discharging shafts at equal intervals; when no smoke discharging vertical shaft exists between the adjacent air flow providing devices in the tunnels, the distance between the two adjacent air flow providing devices in the tunnels is 50m; when a smoke exhaust vertical shaft exists between two adjacent air flow providing devices in the tunnels, the distance between the two adjacent air flow providing devices in the tunnels is 100m.
As described above, the outlet wind speed of the jet fan is set to 20-40 m/s, the wind speed provided by the smoke guide included angle airflow providing device is set to 2-10 m/s, and the wind speed provided by the airflow providing device outside the tunnel is set to 2-5 m/s.
The system comprises a tunnel ventilation smoke exhaust system for providing airflow with a smoke guide included angle, and also comprises a smoke exhaust intelligent control system, wherein the smoke exhaust intelligent control system comprises a sensor, an image acquisition module, an image processing module, a data processing module and a fan starting module, the sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the tunnel, a plurality of sensors are arranged in the tunnel at equal intervals, and the sensor acquires CO concentration data in the tunnel; the image acquisition module acquires real-time infrared image information in the tunnel; the image processing module extracts real-time infrared image information in the tunnel and acquires temperature data at a characteristic height set in the tunnel; the data processing module receives the CO concentration data and the temperature data at the characteristic height set in the tunnel, carries out fire judgment and fire position determination, and finally generates and outputs fire information, wherein the fire information comprises the position of a fire source and the CO concentration data; the fan opening module receives fire information, controls the opening and closing of the air flow providing device in the tunnel and the air flow providing device outside the tunnel according to the fire information, and adjusts the angles of the first included angle and the second included angle provided by the smoke guide included angle air flow providing device in real time.
A method for ventilating and exhausting smoke in a tunnel for providing airflow with a smoke guiding angle, which utilizes the tunnel ventilating and exhausting smoke system for providing airflow with a smoke guiding angle, comprising the following steps:
the system comprises a sensor, an image acquisition module and an image processing module, wherein the sensor, the image acquisition module and the image processing module measure CO concentration data at the position of the sensor inside a tunnel and temperature data of set characteristic heights together, the CO concentration data and the temperature data are uploaded to the data processing module, when the data processing module judges that the CO concentration at the position of the sensor inside the tunnel exceeds a set CO concentration alarm threshold value or the temperature data of the set characteristic heights in the tunnel exceeds a set temperature alarm threshold value or both exceeds an alarm threshold value, fire judgment is made, the fire position is determined, fire information is finally generated and output, and a fan opening module starts an in-tunnel airflow providing device at two sides of a smoke exhaust shaft near a fire source according to the received fire information and adjusts the angles of a first included angle and a second included angle provided by the smoke guide included angle airflow providing device in real time.
The manner of adjusting the angles of the first included angle and the second included angle provided by the smoke guide included angle airflow providing device in real time is as follows:
when the concentration of CO in the tunnel is equal to or greater than 500ppm, the sliding rack is enabled to move away from the airflow providing device through the driving motor and the driving gear, and the first airflow providing device and the second airflow providing device generate synchronous upward pitching by taking the adjusting supporting point as a base point, so that the angles of the first included angle and the second included angle are synchronously increased; when the concentration of CO in the tunnel is reduced to less than 500ppm, the sliding rack is moved close to the airflow providing device through the driving motor and the driving gear, and the first airflow providing device and the second airflow providing device synchronously rotate downwards by taking the adjusting pivot as a base point, so that the angles of the first included angle and the second included angle synchronously become smaller.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can provide the inclined smoke guiding airflow forming an included angle with the horizontal airflow provided by the jet fan, can improve the smoke diffusion path in the fire tunnel, and guide the fire smoke to diffuse to the vault, so that the smoke diffuses to the tunnel portal or the smoke discharging vertical shaft along the tunnel top under the guidance of the horizontal airflow of the jet fan at the tunnel top, thereby reducing the influence of the smoke on personnel evacuation caused by filling the whole tunnel section, and improving the smoke discharging efficiency of the tunnel.
In the aspect of practicality and safety, the smoke discharging effect can be greatly improved through the cooperation of the smoke discharging vertical shaft, the jet fan, the smoke guiding included angle airflow providing device and the tunnel outside airflow providing device, smoke can be effectively guided to diffuse when a fire disaster occurs in a tunnel group, people in the tunnel can be evacuated and rescued, meanwhile, the smoke diffusing path can be changed after the smoke is discharged out of the tunnel, and the smoke influence between adjacent tunnels is reduced; in the aspects of tunnel structure and use applicability, the tunnel basic structure is not damaged, the arrangement is convenient, and the applicability is strong.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention in operation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic layout of the tunnel ventilation and smoke evacuation system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of a smoke-guiding angular airflow providing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a smoke guide angle airflow providing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the airflow providing device with a smoke guide angle when the airflow providing device is driven to tilt upwards by the angle adjusting mechanism of the angle adjusting mechanism;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the out-of-tunnel airflow providing apparatus of the present invention;
reference numerals and corresponding part names:
1-a tunnel; 2-a jet fan; 3-a smoke-guiding included angle airflow providing device; 4-a smoke discharging vertical shaft; 5, a fire source; 6-horizontal air flow; 7-tilting the smoke-guiding airflow; 8-smoke; 9-smoke guiding inclined sheets; 10-a smoke guide fan; 11-means for providing an air flow outside the tunnel; 12-a protective shell; 13-a first air flow providing device; 14-a second air flow providing device; 15-a substrate; 16-long arm lever; 17-short arm; 18-adjusting the fulcrum; 19-a movable connecting rod; 20-sliding rack; 21-a drive gear; 23-tilting the smoke-guiding airflow outside the tunnel; 24-an air outlet window; a is a first included angle; b-a second included angle.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are given by way of illustration and explanation only, and are not intended to be limiting, for the understanding and practice of the invention by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Example 1:
the utility model provides a tunnel ventilation smoke discharging system of lead cigarette contained angle air current, including lead cigarette contained angle air current providing device 3, lead cigarette contained angle air current providing device 3 includes air current providing device and angle adjustment mechanism, angle adjustment mechanism includes base plate 15, L type connecting rod, sliding rack 20, drive gear 21, and movable connecting rod 19, the junction of the long arm pole 16 of L type connecting rod and the short arm pole 17 of L type connecting rod is adjusting fulcrum 18, adjusting fulcrum 18 swing joint is on base plate 15, L type connecting rod can be around adjusting fulcrum 18 rotary motion, the tip and the bottom fixed connection of air current providing device of short arm pole 17, the tip and the bottom fixed connection of air current providing device of long arm pole 16 and with one end of movable connecting rod 19 are articulated, the other end and the one end of movable connecting rod 19 are articulated, be provided with the guide rail on the base plate 15, sliding rack 20 is provided with the guide rail as the slider adaptation setting on the guide rail, sliding rack 20 meshes with drive gear 21, still be provided with driving motor on the base plate 15, driving motor shaft and drive gear 21 are connected.
The air flow providing device comprises a smoke guiding fan 10, a protective shell 12, an air outlet window 24 and smoke guiding inclined plates 9, wherein the smoke guiding fan 10 is arranged inside the protective shell 12, the air outlet window 24 is formed in the side wall of one side of the protective shell 12, a plurality of smoke guiding inclined plates 9 which are uniformly distributed from top to bottom are arranged in the air outlet window 24, the air outlet of the smoke guiding fan 10 faces the air outlet window 24 of the side wall of the protective shell 12, two ends of the smoke guiding inclined plates 9 are respectively fixedly connected with two side walls of the air outlet window 24, and the air outlet direction formed between the smoke guiding inclined plates 9 is an inclined upward direction, so that the air flow in the horizontal direction provided by the smoke guiding fan 10 is converted into inclined smoke guiding flow 7 under the action of the smoke guiding inclined plates 9.
The two airflow providing devices in the airflow providing device 3 with the included smoke guide angle are respectively a first airflow providing device 13 and a second airflow providing device 14, the bottom of a protective casing 12 of the first airflow providing device 13 is connected with the top of the protective casing 12 of the second airflow providing device 14, the end part of a long arm rod 16 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the protective casing 12 of the second airflow providing device 14, and the end part of a short arm rod 17 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the protective casing 12 of the second airflow providing device 14. The acute angle between the smoke guiding inclined plate 9 of the first airflow providing device 13 and the horizontal plane is a first angle A, the acute angle between the smoke guiding inclined plate 9 of the second airflow providing device 14 and the horizontal plane is a second angle B, and the first angle A is larger than the second angle B.
After the driving motor is started, a motor shaft rotating on the driving motor drives the driving gear 21 to rotate, and the driving gear 21 drives the sliding rack 20 to linearly and reciprocally slide on the guide rail of the base plate 15; when the sliding rack 20 moves close to the air flow providing device under the drive of the driving gear 21, the first air flow providing device 13 and the second air flow providing device 14 synchronously rotate downwards, and the first included angle A and the second included angle B synchronously become smaller; when the sliding rack 20 moves away from the airflow providing device under the drive of the driving gear 21, the first airflow providing device 13 and the second airflow providing device 14 generate synchronous upward tilting by taking the adjusting fulcrum 18 as a base point, and the first included angle A and the second included angle B both become larger synchronously.
The smoke guiding included angle airflow providing device 3 can provide inclined smoke guiding airflow 7 in two different directions, and because the second included angle B is smaller than the first included angle A, the inclined smoke guiding airflow 7 provided by the second airflow providing device 14 is closer to the larger smoke 8 of the fire source 5, so that the larger smoke 8 close to the fire source 5 can have a relatively longer ascending path in an inclined direction, the smoke 8 can be better guided to the top of the tunnel 1 instead of reaching the top of the tunnel 1 quickly and directly, the smoke 8 is prevented from reaching the top too quickly and causing impact on the top of the tunnel 1 to diffuse to the lower part of the top of the tunnel 1, and smooth discharge of the smoke 8 is ensured.
The utility model provides a tunnel ventilation smoke discharging system of lead cigarette contained angle air current, still include tunnel 1, the shaft 4 of discharging fume, jet fan 2, and the outer air current providing device 11 of tunnel, the air current providing device is a plurality of in the tunnel, jet fan 2 and lead cigarette contained angle air current providing device 3 constitute the inner air current providing device in the tunnel, jet fan 2 is fixed on the inner wall at tunnel 1 top, the lateral wall at tunnel 1 is fixed to the air current contained angle air current providing device 3, the orientation of the air outlet of jet fan 2 in the tunnel 1 and the orientation of the air outlet of lead cigarette contained angle air current providing device 3 (in this application, the orientation is the longitudinal direction along tunnel 1, the direction of non-wind) are the same, the shaft 4 of discharging fume sets up at tunnel 1's top, the outer air current providing device 11 of tunnel is located the tunnel mouth outside of tunnel air-out side, the air outlet of the outer air current providing device 11 of tunnel is towards the tunnel mouth of tunnel air-out side.
The jet fan 2 can provide horizontal air flow 6 in the horizontal direction, the smoke guiding included angle air flow providing device 3 can provide inclined smoke guiding air flow 7 which is obliquely upward and is upwards in the same direction as the horizontal air flow 6, and the horizontal air flow 6 of the jet fan 2 and the inclined smoke guiding air flow 7 of the corresponding smoke guiding included angle air flow providing device 3 form included angle air.
The tunnel outside air flow providing device 11 comprises a plurality of air flow providing devices, the protective shells 12 of the plurality of air flow providing devices of the tunnel outside air flow providing device 11 are sequentially connected from top to bottom, and the acute included angles of the smoke guiding inclined sheets 9 of all the air flow providing devices of the tunnel outside air flow providing device 11 and the horizontal plane are the same.
When the smoke discharging shaft 4 can not completely discharge the smoke 8, the smoke guiding included angle airflow providing device 3 can assist the jet fan 2 to guide the smoke 8 generated by the fire source 5 to be discharged to the tunnel portal, meanwhile, the tunnel outer airflow providing device 11 can provide an inclined smoke guiding airflow 23 outside the tunnel, the inclined smoke guiding airflow 23 outside the tunnel can change the diffusion path of the smoke 8, the smoke 8 is prevented from diffusing to the adjacent tunnel 1, the smoke discharging efficiency of the tunnel 1 is improved, and accordingly, the influence of the smoke 8 of the tunnel 1 on the adjacent tunnel 1 is reduced, and the personnel evacuation efficiency in the tunnel 1 is improved when a fire disaster is promoted.
Each in-tunnel airflow providing device comprises a jet fan 2 and at least one smoke guide included angle airflow providing device 3. The number of air flow providing means in the tunnel may be set according to the spacing of adjacent smoke evacuation shafts 4: if the distance between two adjacent smoke discharging shafts 4 is 100-150 m, one or two airflow providing devices in the tunnel are arranged between the two adjacent smoke discharging shafts 4; if the distance between two adjacent smoke discharging shafts 4 is 150 m-300 m, 2-4 airflow providing devices in the tunnel are arranged between the two adjacent smoke discharging shafts 4 at equal distance; if the distance between two adjacent smoke exhaust shafts 4 is greater than 300m, more in-tunnel airflow providing devices are required to be installed, and more than 4 in-tunnel airflow providing devices can be arranged between two adjacent smoke exhaust shafts 4 at equal intervals.
When the smoke discharging vertical shaft 4 is not arranged between the adjacent air flow providing devices in the tunnels, the optimal distance between the two adjacent air flow providing devices in the tunnels is 50m; when there is a smoke evacuation shaft 4 between two adjacent in-tunnel airflow providing devices, the optimal distance between the two adjacent in-tunnel airflow providing devices is 100m.
The out-of-tunnel airflow providing device 11 may be arranged in one or more groups according to the distance between the upstream tunnel (the fire source is generated in the upstream tunnel) and the downstream tunnel, and the out-of-tunnel airflow providing device 11 cannot be too close to the tunnel mouth on the air outlet side of the upstream tunnel; if the distance between the upstream tunnel and the downstream tunnel is 40-70 m, arranging 1-3 groups of tunnel outside air flow providing devices 11 at the position between the upstream tunnel and the downstream tunnel and 20m away from the downstream tunnel opening; if the distance between the upstream tunnel and the downstream tunnel is 70-100 m, arranging 2 or 3 groups of out-of-tunnel airflow providing devices 11 at the position between the upstream tunnel and the downstream tunnel and at the position 30m away from the downstream tunnel opening; if the distance between the upstream tunnel and the downstream tunnel is greater than 100m, the smoke 8 between the upstream tunnel and the downstream tunnel is less spread, and the layout of the out-of-tunnel airflow providing device 11 can be reduced. The distance between adjacent two out-of-tunnel airflow providing devices 11 may be set to 5-10m.
The optimum specification of the smoke guide fan 10 is determined according to the amount of smoke 8 generated in the tunnel 1, and the amount of smoke 8 generated is calculated based on the following manner:
(1) The included angle wind formed by the horizontal air flow 6 of the jet fan 2 and the inclined smoke guiding air flow 7 of the corresponding smoke guiding included angle air flow providing device 3 is equivalent to the horizontal wind and the vertical wind which vertically points to the top of the tunnel 1;
(2) The smoke 8 generation amount was calculated based on the following formula:
in the method, in the process of the invention,is the smoke 8 generation amount (unit is kg/s) in unit time under the condition of the longitudinal ventilation of the tunnel 1 (namely, horizontal wind)>For the convection part (in kw) in the fire heat release rate, the general term +.> The heat release rate (in kw) of the fire source 5, H f The distance (in m) between the fire source 5 and the top of the tunnel 1; v 'is the dimensionless ventilation speed (wind speed of horizontal wind), and V' is defined as the ratio of the ventilation speed (wind speed of horizontal wind) to the characteristic plume speed;
(3) Unit conversion of the smoke 8 generated in (2):
where G is the amount of smoke 8 generated (in KN) in the tunnel 1 per unit time, G is the gravitational acceleration (in m/s 2 ) Generally, g=9.81 m/s is taken 2 T is time (in s);
the best specification of the smoke guide fan 10 is selected by comparing the smoke 8 production with the specifications of different smoke guide fans 10.
The ventilation and smoke exhaust in the tunnel 1 mainly depend on the jet fan 2 to provide wind power, so the outlet wind speed of the jet fan 2 can be set to 20-40 m/s, the main function of the smoke guiding included angle airflow providing device 3 and the tunnel outside airflow providing device 11 is to guide the airflow direction, the wind speed provided by the smoke guiding included angle airflow providing device 3 can be set to 2-10 m/s, the wind speed provided by the tunnel outside airflow providing device 11 should not be too high, and the wind speed can be set to 2-5 m/s.
Example 2:
the intelligent control system for the smoke exhaust comprises a sensor, an image acquisition module, an image processing module, a data processing module and a fan starting module, wherein the sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the tunnel 1, a plurality of sensors are arranged in the tunnel 1 at equal intervals, the sensor is used for acquiring CO concentration data at the position of the sensor inside the tunnel 1, the image acquisition module is used for acquiring real-time infrared image information in the tunnel 1, the image processing module is used for extracting real-time infrared image information in the tunnel 1 and acquiring temperature data at the position of the characteristic height set in the tunnel 1 by adopting a thermal imaging technology, the data processing module is used for receiving the CO concentration data at the position of the sensor inside the tunnel 1 and the temperature data at the position of the characteristic height set, comparing and analyzing the acquired data, and when the CO concentration at the position of the sensor inside the tunnel 1 exceeds a set CO concentration alarm threshold value or the temperature data at the position of the characteristic height set in the tunnel 1 exceeds the set temperature alarm threshold value or both, finally judging the position of the fire source and fire source is generated, and the fire source is determined to be 5; the fan opening module is used for receiving fire information, controlling the opening and closing of the air flow providing device in the tunnel and the air flow providing device 11 outside the tunnel according to the received fire information, and adjusting the angles of the first included angle A and the second included angle B provided by the smoke guide included angle air flow providing device 3 in real time.
When the data processing module judges that the CO concentration at the position of the sensor inside the tunnel 1 exceeds a CO concentration alarm threshold value, or the temperature data of the characteristic height inside the tunnel 1 exceeds a temperature alarm threshold value, or both of the temperature data and the temperature data exceed the alarm threshold value, the fan starting module starts the inner air flow providing device of the tunnel at the position close to the fire source 5, and simultaneously starts the outer air flow providing device 11 of the tunnel corresponding to the tunnel opening at the air outlet side of the tunnel.
The manner of real-time adjustment of the angles of the first included angle a and the second included angle B provided by the smoke guide included angle airflow providing device 3 is as follows:
when the concentration of CO in the tunnel 1 is equal to or more than 500ppm, the sliding rack 20 is moved away from the air flow providing device by the driving motor and the driving gear 21, and the first air flow providing device 13 and the second air flow providing device 14 generate synchronous upward elevation by taking the adjusting fulcrum 18 as a base point, so that the angles of the first included angle A and the second included angle B become larger synchronously; when the CO concentration in the tunnel 1 is reduced to less than 500ppm, the sliding rack 20 is moved close to the air flow providing device by the driving motor and the driving gear 21, and the first air flow providing device 13 and the second air flow providing device 14 synchronously rotate downwards by taking the adjusting fulcrum 18 as a base point, so that the angle of the first included angle a and the second included angle B synchronously becomes smaller.
The angle of the first included angle A and the second included angle B provided by the smoke guide included angle airflow providing device 3 is adjusted in real time, so that the smoke 8 can be guided to diffuse to the vault, the CO concentration at the eye height can be reduced, the smoke 8 in the tunnel 1 can be discharged, and the people in the tunnel 1 are not influenced.
The sensor may be an air sampling detector or a photoelectric smoke detector or an infrared beam smoke detector.
In the embodiment, the characteristic height in the tunnel 1 is 1.5m, and the temperature alarm threshold value of the characteristic height of 1.5m is preset to be 60 ℃ according to the tolerance degree of the human body to the temperature; and presetting a CO concentration alarm threshold to 400ppm according to the tolerance degree of the human body to the CO concentration.
Example 3:
a method for providing ventilation and smoke exhaust of a tunnel with airflow having a smoke guide angle, which is a system for providing ventilation and smoke exhaust of a tunnel with airflow having a smoke guide angle according to the above embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, comprising the following steps:
the sensor, the image acquisition module and the image processing module jointly measure the CO concentration data at the position of the sensor inside the tunnel 1 and the temperature data at the position of the set characteristic height, the CO concentration data and the temperature data are uploaded to the data processing module, the data processing module analyzes the received CO concentration data and the received temperature data, and when the data processing module judges that the CO concentration at the position of the sensor inside the tunnel 1 exceeds the set CO concentration alarm threshold value or the temperature data at the position of the set characteristic height inside the tunnel 1 exceeds the set temperature alarm threshold value or both exceeds the alarm threshold value, fire judgment is made, the fire position is determined, fire information is finally generated and output, and the fan opening module starts the in-tunnel airflow providing devices at two sides of the smoke discharging shaft 4 near the fire source 5 according to the received fire information and adjusts the angles of the first included angle A and the second included angle B provided by the smoke guiding included angle airflow providing device 3 in real time.
It should be noted that the specific embodiments described in this application are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or substitutions thereof without departing from the spirit of the invention or its scope as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a tunnel ventilation smoke discharging system of lead cigarette contained angle air current, includes leads cigarette contained angle air current providing device (3), a serial communication port, lead cigarette contained angle air current providing device (3) include air current providing device and angle adjustment mechanism, angle adjustment mechanism includes base plate (15), L type connecting rod, sliding rack (20), drive gear (21), and movable connecting rod (19), the junction of the long arm pole (16) of L type connecting rod and the short arm pole (17) of L type connecting rod is regulation fulcrum (18), regulation fulcrum (18) swing joint is on base plate (15), the tip and the bottom fixed connection of air current providing device of short arm pole (17), the tip and the bottom fixed connection of long arm pole (16) of air current providing device and with movable connecting rod (19) one end are articulated, the other end and the one end of sliding rack (20) of movable connecting rod (19) are articulated, be provided with the guide rail on base plate (15), sliding rack (20) are as the slider adaptation setting on the guide rail, sliding rack (20) and drive gear (21) meshing still are provided with driving motor on base plate (15), motor shaft and drive gear (21) are connected.
2. The tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system for providing airflow with a smoke guide included angle according to claim 1, wherein the airflow providing device comprises a smoke guide fan (10), a protective housing (12), an air outlet window (24) and smoke guide inclined sheets (9), the smoke guide fan (10) is arranged inside the protective housing (12), the air outlet window (24) is arranged on the side wall of one side of the protective housing (12), a plurality of smoke guide inclined sheets (9) which are uniformly distributed from top to bottom are arranged in the air outlet window (24), two ends of the smoke guide inclined sheets (9) are fixedly connected with two side walls of the air outlet window (24) respectively, the air outlet direction formed between the smoke guide inclined sheets (9) is an inclined upward direction, and the air outlet of the smoke guide fan (10) faces the air outlet window (24) on the side wall of the protective housing (12).
3. The tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system for providing airflow with a smoke guide included angle according to claim 2, wherein two airflow providing devices in the airflow providing device (3) with a smoke guide included angle are respectively a first airflow providing device (13) and a second airflow providing device (14), the bottom of a protective casing (12) of the first airflow providing device (13) is connected with the top of the protective casing (12) of the second airflow providing device (14), the end part of a long arm rod (16) is fixedly connected with the bottom of the protective casing (12) of the second airflow providing device (14), the end part of a short arm rod (17) is fixedly connected with the bottom of the protective casing (12) of the second airflow providing device (14), the included angle between a smoke guide inclined sheet (9) of the first airflow providing device (13) and a horizontal plane is a first included angle (a), the included angle between the acute angle between the smoke guide inclined sheet (9) of the second airflow providing device (14) and the horizontal plane is a second included angle (B), and the first included angle (a) is larger than the second included angle (B).
4. A tunnel ventilation smoke exhaust system for providing airflow with a smoke guide included angle according to claim 3, further comprising a smoke exhaust shaft (4), a jet fan (2) and an outer airflow providing device (11) of the tunnel, wherein the jet fan (2) and the airflow providing device (3) with the smoke guide included angle form the airflow providing device in the tunnel, the airflow providing devices in the tunnel are multiple, the jet fan (2) is fixed on the inner wall of the top of the tunnel (1), the airflow providing device (3) with the smoke guide included angle is fixed on the side wall of the tunnel (1), the smoke exhaust shaft (4) is arranged at the top of the tunnel (1), the direction of the air outlet of the jet fan (2) in the tunnel (1) is the same as the direction of the air outlet of the airflow providing device (3) with the smoke guide included angle, the outer airflow providing device (11) of the tunnel is located at the outer side of the tunnel mouth of the air outlet side of the tunnel, and the air outlet of the airflow providing device (11) outside the tunnel faces the tunnel mouth of the air outlet side of the tunnel.
5. A tunnel ventilation and smoke evacuation system providing airflow at an included smoke guide angle according to claim 4, characterized in that the out-of-tunnel airflow providing device (11) comprises a plurality of airflow providing devices, the protective cases (12) of the plurality of airflow providing devices of the out-of-tunnel airflow providing device (11) are connected in sequence from top to bottom, and the included angle of the acute angles of the smoke guide inclined pieces (9) of all the airflow providing devices of the out-of-tunnel airflow providing device (11) with the horizontal plane is the same.
6. A tunnel ventilation and smoke evacuation system for providing a smoke-guiding angle air flow according to claim 5, characterized in that, if the distance between two adjacent smoke evacuation shafts (4) is 100-150 m, one or two in-tunnel air flow providing devices are arranged between the two adjacent smoke evacuation shafts (4); if the distance between two adjacent smoke discharging shafts (4) is 150-300 m, 2-4 airflow providing devices in the tunnel are arranged between the two adjacent smoke discharging shafts (4) at equal intervals; if the distance between two adjacent smoke discharging shafts (4) is larger than 300m, more than 4 in-tunnel airflow providing devices are arranged between the two adjacent smoke discharging shafts (4) at equal intervals; when no smoke discharging vertical shaft (4) exists between the adjacent air flow providing devices in the tunnels, the distance between the two adjacent air flow providing devices in the tunnels is 50m; when a smoke discharging vertical shaft (4) is arranged between two adjacent air flow providing devices in the tunnels, the distance between the two adjacent air flow providing devices in the tunnels is 100m.
7. The tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system for providing airflow with a smoke guide included angle according to claim 6, wherein the outlet wind speed of the jet fan (2) is set to be 20-40 m/s, the wind speed provided by the airflow providing device (3) with the smoke guide included angle is set to be 2-10 m/s, and the wind speed provided by the airflow providing device (11) outside the tunnel is set to be 2-5 m/s.
8. The tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system for providing airflow with smoke guide angles according to claim 7, further comprising a smoke exhaust intelligent control system, wherein the smoke exhaust intelligent control system comprises a sensor, an image acquisition module, an image processing module, a data processing module and a fan starting module, the sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the tunnel (1), a plurality of sensors are arranged in the tunnel (1) at equal intervals, and the sensor acquires CO concentration data in the tunnel (1); the image acquisition module acquires real-time infrared image information in the tunnel (1); the image processing module extracts real-time infrared image information in the tunnel (1) and acquires temperature data at a characteristic height set in the tunnel (1); the data processing module receives the CO concentration data and the temperature data at the characteristic height set in the tunnel (1), carries out fire judgment and fire position determination, and finally generates and outputs fire information, wherein the fire information comprises the position of a fire source (5) and the CO concentration data; the fan opening module receives fire information, controls opening and closing of the air flow providing device in the tunnel and the air flow providing device (11) outside the tunnel according to the fire information, and adjusts the angles of the first included angle (A) and the second included angle (B) provided by the smoke guide included angle air flow providing device (3) in real time.
9. A method for ventilating and exhausting smoke in a tunnel for providing airflow with a smoke guiding angle, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the sensor, the image acquisition module and the image processing module measure the CO concentration data at the position of the sensor inside the tunnel (1) and the temperature data of the set characteristic height together, upload the CO concentration data and the temperature data to the data processing module, and when the data processing module judges that the CO concentration at the position of the sensor inside the tunnel (1) exceeds the set CO concentration alarm threshold value or the temperature data of the set characteristic height inside the tunnel (1) exceeds the set temperature alarm threshold value or both exceeds the alarm threshold value, fire judgment is made, the fire position is determined, fire information is finally generated and output, and the fan opening module starts the in-tunnel airflow providing devices at two sides of the smoke discharging vertical shaft (4) near the fire source (5) according to the received fire information and adjusts the angles of the first included angle (A) and the second included angle (B) provided by the smoke guiding included angle airflow providing device (3) in real time.
10. A method for ventilation and smoke evacuation in a tunnel for providing a smoke-guiding and angled air flow according to claim 9, characterized in that the means for real-time adjustment of the angle between the first and second angles (a, B) provided by the smoke-guiding and angled air flow providing means (3) is as follows:
when the concentration of CO in the tunnel (1) is equal to or more than 500ppm, the sliding rack (20) is moved away from the airflow providing device by the driving motor and the driving gear (21), and the first airflow providing device (13) and the second airflow providing device (14) generate synchronous upward elevation by taking the adjusting fulcrum (18) as a base point, so that the angles of the first included angle (A) and the second included angle (B) are synchronously increased; when the concentration of CO in the tunnel (1) is reduced to less than 500ppm, the sliding rack (20) is moved close to the airflow providing device by the driving motor and the driving gear (21), and the first airflow providing device (13) and the second airflow providing device (14) synchronously rotate downwards by taking the adjusting pivot (18) as a base point, so that the angles of the first included angle (A) and the second included angle (B) synchronously become smaller.
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| CN202311537970.0A CN117328922B (en) | 2023-11-17 | 2023-11-17 | Tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system and method for providing airflow with smoke guide included angle |
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| CN202311537970.0A CN117328922B (en) | 2023-11-17 | 2023-11-17 | Tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system and method for providing airflow with smoke guide included angle |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106948854A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-07-14 | 合肥工业大学 | Tunnel ventilation smoke evacuation system and tunnel ventilation smoke exhaust method |
| WO2019234616A1 (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2019-12-12 | Amit Shah | A ventilation and smoke extraction system for a tunnel |
| CN114876554A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-08-09 | 中铁第五勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Ventilation and smoke exhaust system for tunnel |
| KR102441876B1 (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-09-14 | 주식회사 맥서브 | Fire extinguishing and ventilation system in tunnel using CCTV |
| CN116575966A (en) * | 2022-09-11 | 2023-08-11 | 北京工业大学 | Method and device for inhibiting smoke valve penetration phenomenon of tunnel key smoke discharge |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106948854A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-07-14 | 合肥工业大学 | Tunnel ventilation smoke evacuation system and tunnel ventilation smoke exhaust method |
| WO2019234616A1 (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2019-12-12 | Amit Shah | A ventilation and smoke extraction system for a tunnel |
| KR102441876B1 (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-09-14 | 주식회사 맥서브 | Fire extinguishing and ventilation system in tunnel using CCTV |
| CN114876554A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-08-09 | 中铁第五勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Ventilation and smoke exhaust system for tunnel |
| CN116575966A (en) * | 2022-09-11 | 2023-08-11 | 北京工业大学 | Method and device for inhibiting smoke valve penetration phenomenon of tunnel key smoke discharge |
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