CN216116649U - Tunnel fire smoke motion simulation test system - Google Patents
Tunnel fire smoke motion simulation test system Download PDFInfo
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- CN216116649U CN216116649U CN202122604218.6U CN202122604218U CN216116649U CN 216116649 U CN216116649 U CN 216116649U CN 202122604218 U CN202122604218 U CN 202122604218U CN 216116649 U CN216116649 U CN 216116649U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a tunnel fire smoke motion simulation test system which comprises a tunnel model, wherein the tunnel model is of an arched straight wall tunnel structure with openings at two ends, and at least one side straight wall of the tunnel model is made of a transparent material plate to form a side transparent window; the fan is arranged at one end of the tunnel model and used for providing longitudinal wind flow for the interior of the tunnel model; the fire source device is arranged at a preset position in the tunnel model and comprises a heating pipe, a tobacco cake, a waterproof base, an asbestos plate and a pressure regulator; the waterproof base is horizontally arranged on a bottom plate of the tunnel model, and the asbestos plate is arranged above the waterproof base; a tobacco cake is arranged above the asbestos plate; the heating pipes are uniformly arranged on the waterproof base and used for heating the tobacco cakes; the output end of the voltage regulator is connected with the heating pipe; the utility model has the advantages of reliable structure, simple and convenient operation, stable fire source power, no toxicity and harm to the smoke, high safety and good effect of observing and recording the motion condition of the smoke.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of tunnel fire safety, and particularly relates to a tunnel fire smoke motion simulation test system.
Background
When a fire disaster occurs in the tunnel, because the tunnel has the characteristic of long and narrow structure and closure, the fire source and the nearby space are quickly heated and have high temperature, the smoke generated by the fire source is large in amount and difficult to diffuse, the smoke floats to the vault of the tunnel, continuously moves upwards and downwards along the direction of the tunnel road, continuously diffuses to the space at the lower part of the tunnel along with the reduction of the smoke temperature, the sight of people in the tunnel is influenced, and when the smoke of the tunnel diffuses to below 2 meters, people are suffocated, and casualties are caused; therefore, how to take reasonable measures to reduce casualties and property loss caused by the fire of the road tunnel is a hot research topic.
At present, most of constructed and on-construction highway tunnels adopt a longitudinal ventilation mode, and after fire happens to the tunnels, certain longitudinal wind is needed to keep smoke from diffusing upstream, so that personnel can escape; meanwhile, a part of the highway tunnel is provided with a water mist fire extinguishing system; after a fire disaster happens, the system is started, and the sprayed water mist can also influence the smoke.
The tunnel field fire test and the full-size fire test are more limited, the economical efficiency is poor and the danger degree is high; the flue gas running characteristic test is carried out by adopting a scale-down test, related parameters can be determined according to similar criteria, and a measuring system is designed to obtain various test results, so that a better effect can be obtained, the risk is greatly reduced, and relatively less manpower and financial resources are spent.
At present, a common tunnel fire test model and a common tunnel fire test system mostly adopt polygons in section form, and have a larger difference with a section which is close to a semicircle of an actual highway tunnel; the fire source mostly adopts oil pool fire, wherein the oil pool fire adopts fuels such as n-heptane and the like, so that the test danger degree is high and the heating power is difficult to control; the tunnel model is only provided with a small window, so that the movement of the smoke is not convenient to observe, and the accuracy of the simulation test is low.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the utility model provides a tunnel fire smoke motion simulation test system, which aims to solve the technical problems that in the existing tunnel fire scale test, the section of a test model is greatly different from that of an actual highway tunnel, the fire source danger degree is high, the heating power is not easy to control, and the accuracy of a test result is low.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the technical scheme that:
the utility model provides a tunnel fire smoke motion simulation test system which comprises a tunnel model, a fire source device and a fan, wherein the tunnel model is provided with a fire source device; the tunnel model is an arched straight wall tunnel structure with openings at two ends, and at least one side straight wall of the tunnel model is made of a transparent material plate to form a side transparent window; the fan is arranged at one end of the tunnel model and used for providing longitudinal wind flow for the interior of the tunnel model.
The fire source device is arranged at a preset position in the tunnel model and comprises a heating pipe, a tobacco cake, a waterproof base, an asbestos plate and a pressure regulator; the waterproof base is horizontally arranged on a bottom plate of the tunnel model, and the asbestos plate is arranged above the waterproof base; a tobacco cake is arranged above the asbestos plate; the heating pipes are uniformly arranged on the waterproof base and used for heating the tobacco cakes; the output end of the pressure regulator is connected with the heating pipe.
Further, the tunnel model comprises a plurality of sections of tunnels which are sequentially connected in a sealing manner; each section of sub-tunnel comprises two side straight walls, an arch part and a bottom plate; wherein, the straight wall on one side is made of a transparent material plate, and the straight wall, the arch part and the bottom plate on the other side are formed by bending a stainless steel plate; the outer side of the stainless steel plate is wrapped by heat insulation cotton; and an arch part window is arranged at the arch top part of one or more sections of the sub-tunnels and is arranged in a mode of being capable of being sealed.
Further, the device also comprises two water mist devices; the two water mist devices are arranged at the vault of the tunnel model and are symmetrically arranged on the front side and the rear side of the fire source device.
Further, the water mist device comprises a water mist spray head, a pressurized water pump and a high-pressure water pipe; the water mist spray head is arranged at the arch crown axis of the tunnel model, and the water outlet end of the water mist spray head is arranged downwards; the water inlet end of the water mist spray head is communicated with the water outlet of the pressure water pump through a high-pressure water pipe.
The tunnel model further comprises a smoke exhaust device, wherein the smoke exhaust device is arranged at the end part of the tunnel model and is far away from one end of the fan; the smoke exhaust device comprises a smoke exhaust pipe and an exhaust fan, wherein one end of the smoke exhaust pipe is communicated with the tunnel model, and the other end of the smoke exhaust pipe is communicated with the exhaust fan.
Further, the smoke exhaust pipe comprises a gradual change section and a straight pipe section; one end of the transition section is in sealing connection with the end part of the tunnel model, and the other end of the transition section is connected with one end of the straight pipe section; the other end of the straight pipe section is connected with an exhaust fan; the straight pipe section is of a cylindrical structure and is arranged in a telescopic bending mode.
Furthermore, the system also comprises a plurality of cameras; the cameras are arranged on the outer side of the tunnel model at intervals and are uniformly distributed along the longitudinal axis of the tunnel model; the camera is arranged right opposite to the side transparent window and used for recording the movement state of the smoke in the tunnel model.
Furthermore, the device also comprises a plurality of thermocouple groups; the thermocouple groups are arranged in the tunnel model at intervals; each thermocouple group comprises a first thermocouple and a plurality of second thermocouples, and the first thermocouples are arranged at the vault of the tunnel model and are arranged at the position 1-2cm away from the wall surface of the vault of the tunnel model; and the plurality of second thermocouples are respectively arranged at different heights of the longitudinal center line of the tunnel model.
Further, the wind power generation system also comprises a plurality of hot-wire anemometers and a plurality of common anemometers; the hot-wire anemometers are uniformly distributed along the longitudinal center line of the tunnel model; the hot-wire anemometer is arranged at a position 1-2cm away from the wall surface of the vault of the tunnel model; a plurality of common anemometers are uniformly distributed along the longitudinal center line of the tunnel model; and the common anemometer is arranged at the center of the cross section of the tunnel model.
Further, the device also comprises a laser sheet light source; the laser sheet light source is positioned at the end part of the tunnel model, and a laser plane emitted by the laser sheet light source is superposed with the central longitudinal section of the tunnel model.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that:
the utility model provides a tunnel fire smoke motion simulation test system, which is characterized in that a tunnel model is set to be an arched straight-wall tunnel structure with openings at two ends, so that the tunnel model is ensured to be similar to an original tunnel structure to be simulated; the heating pipe and the tobacco cake are adopted to simulate the heat release and the smoke generation of the actual burning of the fire source in the tunnel, and the smoke can be heated; the heating power of the heating pipe is adjusted through the pressure regulator, so that effective simulation of fire at different development rates is realized; the end part of the tunnel is provided with the fan, the fan is utilized to form longitudinal wind flow in the tunnel model, and the fan is adjusted to realize the adjustment of the longitudinal wind speed of the tunnel and meet the research requirement of longitudinal ventilation of the tunnel on the movement of smoke; the simulation degree of a fire scene of a real road or railway tunnel is high, the structure is reliable, the operation is simple and convenient, the power of a fire source is stable, and the safety is high; meanwhile, the movement state of the smoke can be observed and recorded by utilizing the side transparent window, the observation effect is good, and the accuracy of the test result is higher.
Furthermore, the tunnel model is formed by splicing a plurality of sections of tunnels, so that the simulation test of tunnels with different length specifications is met; through set up thermal-insulated cotton in corrosion resistant plate's the outside, thermal-insulated cotton material light in weight, high temperature resistant, thermal-insulated effectual can effectively simulate the heat preservation effect of tunnel lining and country rock behind the conflagration emergence.
Furthermore, the arch crown of the tunnel model is provided with the water mist spray head, so that the research requirement of the influence of water mist on the tunnel fire is met; meanwhile, the coupling effect of longitudinal wind flow and fine water mist on fire can be researched, and the application range of the simulation test system is widened.
Furthermore, the end of the tunnel model is provided with the smoke exhaust device, so that the effect of effectively pumping, exhausting and collecting the simulated smoke in the tunnel model is realized.
Furthermore, the camera is arranged on the outer side of the tunnel model and is opposite to the side transparent window, so that the motion state of the smoke in the tunnel model can be recorded in real time by the camera, and the accuracy of test data is improved.
Furthermore, thermocouples are arranged at different heights of the vault of the tunnel model and the longitudinal center line of the tunnel model, so that the temperatures at different positions in the tunnel model can be effectively collected, and the accuracy of test results is ensured.
Furthermore, the hot-wire anemoscope is arranged, so that the flow speed of the flue gas can be effectively monitored; the longitudinal wind speed of the tunnel model is effectively monitored by arranging the common anemometer.
Furthermore, by arranging the laser sheet light source and utilizing a laser plane formed by the laser sheet light source, the movement and diffusion tracks of the tunnel smoke are clearly presented, and observation and shooting are facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a tunnel fire smoke motion simulation test system according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section of a tunnel fire smoke movement simulation test system according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a tunnel fire smoke movement simulation test system according to an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a fire source device;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a smoke evacuation device in an embodiment.
The system comprises a tunnel 1, arch windows 2, arch openings 3, transparent windows on the side surfaces 4, a fan 5, a data acquisition module 6, a computer 7, a laser sheet light source 8, a camera 9, a thermocouple group 10, a hot-wire anemoscope 11, a common anemoscope 12, a fire source device 13, heat insulation cotton 14, a heating pipe 15, a tobacco cake 16, a waterproof base 17, an asbestos plate 18, a pressure regulator 19, a water mist nozzle 20, a smoke exhaust pipe 21 and an exhaust fan 22.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention more apparent, the following embodiments further describe the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the utility model and are not intended to limit the utility model.
The utility model provides a tunnel fire smoke motion simulation test system which comprises a tunnel model, a fan 5, a data acquisition module 6, a computer 7, a laser sheet light source 8, a plurality of cameras 9, a plurality of thermocouple groups 10, a plurality of hot-wire anemometers 11, a plurality of common anemometers 12, a fire source device 13, two water mist devices and a smoke exhaust device.
The tunnel model is an arched straight wall tunnel structure with openings at two ends, at least one side straight wall of the tunnel model is made of a transparent material plate to form a side transparent window 4, and the fan 5 is arranged at one end of the tunnel model and used for providing longitudinal wind flow in the tunnel model; wherein the flow direction of the longitudinal wind flow is parallel to the longitudinal center line of the tunnel model; the tunnel model comprises a plurality of sections of tunnels 1, and the plurality of sections of tunnels 1 are sequentially connected in a sealing manner; each section of sub-tunnel 1 comprises straight walls at two sides, an arch part and a bottom plate; wherein, the straight wall on one side is made of a transparent material plate, and the straight wall, the arch part and the bottom plate on the other side are formed by bending a stainless steel plate; the outer side of the stainless steel plate is wrapped by heat insulation cotton 14; the vault part of one or more sub-tunnels is provided with an arch window 2, the arch window 2 is arranged in a mode of being capable of being sealed, and a channel is provided for placing the fire source device 13 in the tunnel model through the arch window 2.
The fire source device 13 is arranged at a preset position in the tunnel model, and the fire source device 13 comprises a heating pipe 15, a tobacco cake 16, a waterproof base 17, an asbestos plate 18 and a pressure regulator 19; the waterproof base 17 is horizontally arranged on the bottom plate of the tunnel model, and the asbestos plate 18 is arranged above the waterproof base 17; a tobacco cake 16 is arranged above the asbestos plate 18; the heating pipes 15 are uniformly arranged on the waterproof base 17 and used for heating the tobacco cake 16; the output end of the pressure regulator 19 is connected with the heating pipe 15; the tobacco cake 16 is used for forming simulated smoke in the tunnel model, and preferably, the tobacco cake 16 adopts a pollution-free tobacco cake.
The laser sheet light source 8 is positioned at the end part of the tunnel model, and the laser plane emitted by the laser sheet light source 8 is superposed with the central longitudinal section of the tunnel model. The cameras 9 are arranged on the outer side of the tunnel model at intervals and are uniformly distributed along the longitudinal axis of the tunnel model; the camera 9 is arranged right opposite to the side transparent window 4 and used for recording the movement state of the smoke in the tunnel model.
A plurality of thermocouple groups 10 are arranged in the tunnel model at intervals; each thermocouple group 10 comprises a first thermocouple and a plurality of second thermocouples, wherein the first thermocouples are arranged at the vault of the tunnel model and are arranged at the position 1-2cm away from the wall surface of the vault of the tunnel model; and the plurality of second thermocouples are respectively arranged at different heights of the longitudinal center line of the tunnel model.
A plurality of hot-wire anemometers 11 are uniformly distributed along the longitudinal center line of the tunnel model; the hot-wire anemometer 11 is arranged at a position 1-2cm away from the wall surface of the vault of the tunnel model; a plurality of common anemometers 12 are uniformly distributed along the longitudinal center line of the tunnel model; the ordinary anemometer 12 is installed at the center of the cross section of the tunnel model.
The two water mist devices are arranged at the vault of the tunnel model and are symmetrically arranged at the front side and the rear side of the fire source device; the water mist device comprises a water mist spray head 20, a pressurizing water pump and a high-pressure water pipe; the water mist spray head 20 is arranged at the arch crown axis of the tunnel model, and the water outlet end of the water mist spray head 20 is arranged downwards; the water inlet end of the water mist spray nozzle 20 is communicated with the water outlet of the pressurized water pump through a high-pressure water pipe.
The smoke exhaust device is arranged at the end part of the tunnel model and is arranged at one end far away from the fan 5; the smoke exhaust device comprises a smoke exhaust pipe 21 and an exhaust fan 22, wherein one end of the smoke exhaust pipe 21 is communicated with the tunnel model, and the other end of the smoke exhaust pipe is communicated with the exhaust fan 22; the smoke exhaust pipe 21 comprises a gradual change section and a straight pipe section; one end of the transition section is in sealing connection with the end part of the tunnel model, and the other end of the transition section is connected with one end of the straight pipe section; the other end of the straight pipe section is connected with an exhaust fan 22; the straight pipe section is of a cylindrical structure and is arranged in a telescopic bending mode.
In the utility model, the input end of a data acquisition module 6 is respectively connected with the output ends of a camera 9, a first thermocouple, a second thermocouple, a hot-wire anemoscope 11 and a common anemoscope 12, and the output end of the data acquisition module 6 is connected with the input end of a computer 7; the data acquisition instrument module 6 is used for respectively acquiring data information acquired by the camera 9, the first thermocouple, the second thermocouple, the hot-wire anemometer 11 and the common anemometer 12, and transmitting the acquired data information to the computer 7 for storage, so as to analyze the test result.
Working principle and test method
When the tunnel fire smoke motion simulation test system is used, a fire source device is placed at a preset position of a model tunnel through an arch window, and a cigarette cake is ignited by using a fire gun; starting a voltage regulator to electrify the heating pipe; starting a fan, and forming longitudinal air flow in the tunnel model through the fan; in the test process, the wind flow and the wind speed in the tunnel model can be changed by adjusting the frequency of the fan so as to research the influence of the longitudinal ventilation of the tunnel on the movement of the flue gas; recording the movement state of the smoke in the tunnel model by using a camera; the water mist spray head is opened, and water mist is formed in the tunnel model by the water mist spray head so as to research the influence of the water mist on fire in the tunnel and research the coupling effect of air flow and the water mist on the fire; the exhaust of the smoke in the tunnel model is realized through an exhaust fan; monitoring the temperature in the tunnel model by using a thermocouple group, monitoring the flow speed of flue gas by using a hot-wire anemometer, and detecting the longitudinal wind speed in the tunnel by using a common anemometer; a laser plane is formed on the central longitudinal section of the tunnel model by utilizing a laser sheet light source, so that the movement and diffusion tracks of the tunnel smoke are clearly presented, and the side observation and shooting record are facilitated.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1-5, the present embodiment provides a tunnel fire smoke movement simulation test system, which includes a tunnel model, a fan 5, a fire source device 13, a monitoring system, a water mist device and a smoke exhaust device; the tunnel model is of an arched straight wall tunnel structure with openings at two ends, and one side or two side straight walls of the tunnel model are made of transparent material plates to form side transparent windows; the fan 5 is arranged at the end part of the tunnel model and used for providing stable longitudinal wind flow for the interior of the tunnel model; in this embodiment, the fan 5 is a variable frequency fan.
The tunnel model comprises a plurality of sections of tunnels 1, and the plurality of sections of tunnels 1 are sequentially spliced and formed; the cross section of the sub-tunnel 1 is in an arch-shaped straight wall form, one side or two side straight walls of the sub-tunnel 1 are made of transparent fireproof glass, and the rest parts are formed by bending stainless steel plates; the outer side of the stainless steel plate is wrapped by heat insulation cotton 14; the arch part window 2 is arranged at the arch top part of one or more sections of the sub-tunnels, arch part openings 3 are arranged at the arch top parts of the sub-tunnels close to the two sides of the sub-tunnels with the arch part windows 2, the arch part windows 2 and the arch part openings 3 are arranged in a mode of being capable of being sealed, and the sealed covers are made of the same material as the main body of the tunnel model; the arch window 2 is used for providing a channel for placing the fire source device 13 into the tunnel model, and the arch opening 3 is used for providing an installation space for the water mist device.
The fire source device 13 comprises a heating pipe 15, a tobacco cake 16, a waterproof base 17, an asbestos plate 18 and a pressure regulator 19; the heating pipes 15 are inverted U-shaped heating pipes, and the heating pipes 15 are uniformly distributed at intervals of 2-5cm and fixed on the waterproof base 17; the heating pipe 15 and the waterproof base 17 are combined to form a cuboid heating block; the waterproof base 17 is made of a high-temperature-resistant and insulating material plate, and the waterproof base 17 is hollow and is provided with holes uniformly formed in two sides and used for fixedly mounting the heating pipe 15; the terminal of the heating pipe 15 is arranged in the inner cavity of the waterproof base 17 and is connected with the flame-retardant wire; the tunnel model is provided with a punch hole for the outgoing line of the power supply of the heating pipe 15 to penetrate out; the power supply outgoing line of the heating pipe 15 is connected with the output end of the voltage regulator 19, and the input end of the voltage regulator 19 is communicated with an external power supply; the asbestos plate 18 is laid on the waterproof base 17 and is arranged between the inverted U-shaped heating pipes; a tobacco cake 16 is arranged above the asbestos plate 18; wherein, the tobacco cake 16 is used for forming simulated smoke in the tunnel model, and the tobacco cake 16 adopts a pollution-free tobacco cake.
The monitoring system comprises a data acquisition module 6, a computer 7, a laser sheet light source 8, a plurality of cameras 9, a plurality of thermocouple groups 10, a plurality of hot-wire anemometers 11 and a plurality of common anemometers 12; the laser sheet light source 8 is positioned at the end part of the tunnel model, and a laser plane emitted by the laser sheet light source 8 is superposed with the central longitudinal section of the tunnel model; through setting up the laser plane of laser piece light source 8 transmission to the clear presentation of motion and the diffusion orbit of flue gas in the tunnel model, the side observation and the shooting record of camera 9 of being convenient for.
The cameras 9 are arranged on the outer side of the tunnel model at intervals and are uniformly distributed along the longitudinal axis of the tunnel model; the camera 9 is arranged right opposite to the side transparent window 4 and used for recording the movement state of the smoke in the tunnel model; a plurality of thermocouple groups 10 are arranged in the tunnel model at intervals; each thermocouple group 10 comprises a first thermocouple and a plurality of second thermocouples, wherein the first thermocouples are arranged at the vault of the tunnel model and are arranged at the position 1-2cm away from the wall surface of the vault of the tunnel model; the plurality of second thermocouples are respectively arranged at different heights of the longitudinal center line of the tunnel model, and the temperature at different positions in the tunnel model is monitored in real time by arranging the plurality of first thermocouples and the plurality of second thermocouples; a plurality of hot-wire anemometers 11 are uniformly distributed along the longitudinal center line of the tunnel model; the hot-wire anemoscope 11 is arranged at a position 1-2cm away from the wall surface of the vault of the tunnel model, and the hot-wire anemoscope 11 is arranged to realize real-time monitoring of the flow speed of the flue gas in the tunnel model; a plurality of common anemometers 12 are uniformly distributed along the longitudinal center line of the tunnel model; the common anemoscope 12 is installed at the center of the cross section of the tunnel model, and the common anemoscope 12 is arranged to realize real-time monitoring of the wind speed of the longitudinal wind flow in the tunnel.
The input end of the data acquisition module 6 is respectively connected with the output ends of the camera 9, the first thermocouple, the second thermocouple, the hot-wire anemometer 11 and the common anemometer 12, and the output end of the data acquisition module 6 is connected with the input end of the computer 7; the data acquisition instrument module 6 is used for respectively acquiring data information acquired by the camera 9, the first thermocouple, the second thermocouple, the hot-wire anemometer 11 and the common anemometer 12, and transmitting the acquired data information to the computer 7 for storage for analysis of test results; in this embodiment, the data acquisition module 6 is provided with a plurality of channels, which can meet the conversion requirements of different signals.
The two water mist devices are arranged at the vault of the tunnel model and are symmetrically arranged at the front side and the rear side of the fire source device 13; the water mist device comprises a water mist spray head 20, a pressurized water pump and a high-pressure water pipe, wherein the water mist spray head 20 is arranged at the position of an arch part opening 3 of the sub-tunnel, and the water outlet end of the water mist spray head 20 is arranged downwards; the water inlet end of the water mist spray head 20 is communicated with the water outlet of the high-pressure water pump through a high-pressure water pipe; preferably, the high-pressure water pipe is a high-pressure PE water pipe.
The smoke exhaust device is arranged at the end part of the tunnel model and is arranged at one end far away from the fan 5; the smoke exhaust device comprises a smoke exhaust pipe 21 and an exhaust fan 22, wherein one end of the smoke exhaust pipe 21 is communicated with the tunnel model, and the other end of the smoke exhaust pipe is communicated with the exhaust fan 22; the smoke exhaust pipe 21 adopts an aluminum foil telescopic smoke exhaust pipe and comprises a gradual change section and a straight pipe section; one end of the transition section is in sealing connection with the end part of the tunnel model, and the other end of the transition section is connected with one end of the straight pipe section; the other end of the straight pipe section is connected with an exhaust fan 22; the straight pipe section is of a cylindrical structure and the exhaust fan 22 can be connected with a flue gas collection device.
In the tunnel fire smoke motion simulation test system, the tunnel model is formed by connecting a plurality of sub-tunnels, and the number of the sub-tunnels 1 can be changed according to actual test requirements, so that the length of the tunnel model is changed; in the embodiment, the tunnel model is formed by sequentially splicing 9 sections of sub-tunnels, and the length of each sub-tunnel is 1 m; the cross section width of the tunnel model is 1.1m, and the height is 0.7m, so as to simulate an 1/10-size highway tunnel; the simulated smoke in the tunnel model is mainly distributed at the vault and moves along the longitudinal axis of the tunnel, and in order to ensure that the simulation test is close to the actual condition, the tunnel arch part is formed to be similar to an actual highway tunnel.
The tunnel model requires that the curve side wall of the actual tunnel is simplified into a straight wall on the premise of keeping the cross section area unchanged, so that the transparent fireproof glass can be conveniently manufactured, and the structural stability of the tunnel model is ensured; therefore, in this embodiment, the cross section of the sub-tunnel 1 is configured as an arch-shaped straight wall, which includes two side straight walls, an arch portion and a bottom plate; wherein, the straight wall on one side is made of transparent fireproof glass, and the rest part is formed by one-step bending of a stainless steel plate with the thickness of 1 mm; and adjacent sub-tunnels 1 are fixed by welding and sealing, and the tunnel model has a complete structure and good tightness.
In the embodiment, each piece of transparent fireproof glass is 1m long, 0.4m high and 4mm thick; transparent fireproof glass in adjacent sub-tunnels is bonded and fixed by high-temperature-resistant glue, a side transparent observation window 4 is formed on one side of the tunnel model, and very good conditions for observing and shooting the movement condition of smoke are provided for the camera 9.
The outer side of the stainless steel plate of the tunnel model is wrapped by heat insulation cotton 14; the heat insulation cotton 14 is cut according to actual needs, so that the arch window 2 and the arch opening 3 can be normally used; the heat insulation cotton has the characteristics of light weight, high temperature resistance and good heat insulation effect, and can effectively simulate the heat insulation effect of tunnel lining and surrounding rock after a fire disaster occurs.
The arch window 2 is a rectangular structure of 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m, and the arch window 2 does not change the arch curve of the tunnel model; the arch part opening 3 of each sub-tunnel section close to the two sides of the sub-tunnel provided with the arch part window 2 is used for installing a water mist spray head; the size of the arch part opening 3 is phi 20-50 mm; in the actual test process, the positions, the number and the sizes of the openings 3 can be adjusted according to requirements.
The volume of the fire source device is adaptive to the size of an actual vehicle, and the heat release and smoke generation of the actual vehicle combustion are simulated through the heating pipe 15 and the smoke cake 16; the smoke generated by the cigarette cake 16 can be heated, the heating power of the heating pipe 15 is adjusted through the pressure regulator 19, and the heating pipe 15 is adjusted to the rated power through the pressure regulator 19, so that the fire disasters with different development rates can be simulated.
When in use, after the fire source device is placed in the tunnel model, the cigarette cake 16 is ignited by using a fire gun, and the power supply of the heating pipe 15 is started; recording the movement condition of the smoke through a camera 9 on the side surface of the tunnel; the two ends of the tunnel model are both provided with openings, one end of the tunnel model is provided with a variable frequency fan, longitudinal wind flow is formed in the tunnel model, the wind speed of the longitudinal wind flow of the tunnel can be changed by adjusting the frequency of the variable frequency fan, and the influence of longitudinal ventilation of the tunnel on the movement of smoke is researched; a water mist spray head 20 is arranged at the position of an arch part opening 3 of the tunnel, parameters such as water pressure and water quantity are changed, the influence of the water mist on the fire disaster of the tunnel is researched, and meanwhile, the coupling effect of longitudinal air flow and the water mist on the fire disaster can be researched. The water mist spray head 20 is connected with a pressurized water pump through a high-pressure water pipe, the pressurized water pump is connected with a water source, and high-pressure water is supplied to the water mist spray head 20; smoke exhaust apparatus produces great or require when stricter to use at the smoke quantity, connects at the tip of tunnel model, and the scalable bending of pipe of discharging fume, nearly tunnel model one end the pipe section of discharging fume is for circular by tunnel model cross section shape gradual change, keeps away from tunnel one end the pipe 21 of discharging fume connects air exhauster 22, and through the power of control air exhauster 22, avoids air exhauster 22 to produce the influence to tunnel model's vertical distinguished and admirable, utilizes air exhauster 22 to realize the exhaust flue gas or connect collecting device.
According to the tunnel fire smoke motion simulation test system, a tunnel model is set to be an arched straight-wall tunnel structure with openings at two ends, so that the tunnel model is similar to an original tunnel structure to be simulated; the heating pipe and the tobacco cake are adopted to simulate the heat release and the smoke generation of the actual burning of the fire source in the tunnel, and the smoke can be heated; the heating power of the heating pipe is adjusted through the pressure regulator, so that effective simulation of fire at different development rates is realized; the end part of the tunnel is provided with the fan, the fan is utilized to form longitudinal wind flow in the tunnel model, and the fan is adjusted to realize the adjustment of the longitudinal wind speed of the tunnel and meet the research requirement of longitudinal ventilation of the tunnel on the movement of smoke; the simulation degree of a fire scene of a real road or railway tunnel is high; meanwhile, the movement state of the smoke can be observed and recorded by utilizing the side transparent window, the observation effect is good, and the accuracy of the test result is higher.
The tunnel fire smoke motion simulation test system has the advantages of high simulation degree on the fire scene of a real road or railway tunnel, reliable structure, simple and convenient operation, stable fire source power, no toxicity and harm of smoke, high safety and good effect of observing and recording smoke motion conditions.
The above-described embodiment is only one of the embodiments that can implement the technical solution of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the embodiment, but includes any variations, substitutions and other embodiments that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed.
Claims (10)
1. A tunnel fire smoke motion simulation test system is characterized by comprising a tunnel model, a fire source device (13) and a fan (5); the tunnel model is an arched straight wall tunnel structure with openings at two ends, and at least one side straight wall of the tunnel model is made of a transparent material plate to form a side transparent window (4); the fan (5) is arranged at one end of the tunnel model and used for providing longitudinal wind flow for the interior of the tunnel model;
the fire source device (13) is arranged at a preset position in the tunnel model, and the fire source device (13) comprises a heating pipe (15), a tobacco cake (16), a waterproof base (17), an asbestos plate (18) and a pressure regulator (19); the waterproof base (17) is horizontally arranged on a bottom plate of the tunnel model, and the asbestos plate (18) is arranged above the waterproof base (17); a tobacco cake (16) is arranged above the asbestos plate (18); the heating pipes (15) are uniformly arranged on the waterproof base (17) and used for heating the tobacco cake (16); the output end of the pressure regulator (19) is connected with the heating pipe (15).
2. The tunnel fire smoke motion simulation test system according to claim 1, wherein the tunnel model comprises a plurality of segmental tunnels (1), and the segmental tunnels (1) are sequentially connected in a sealing manner; each section of sub-tunnel (1) comprises straight walls at two sides, an arch part and a bottom plate; wherein, the straight wall on one side is made of a transparent material plate, and the straight wall, the arch part and the bottom plate on the other side are formed by bending a stainless steel plate; the outer side of the stainless steel plate is wrapped by heat insulation cotton (14); wherein, the vault part of one or more sections of sub-tunnels is provided with an arch part window (2), and the arch part window (2) is arranged in a mode of being capable of being sealed.
3. The tunnel fire smoke motion simulation test system according to claim 1, further comprising two water mist devices; the two water mist devices are arranged at the vault of the tunnel model and are symmetrically arranged on the front side and the rear side of the fire source device.
4. The tunnel fire smoke motion simulation test system according to claim 3, wherein the water mist device comprises a water mist spray head (20), a pressurized water pump and a high-pressure water pipe; the water mist spray head (20) is arranged at the arch crown axis of the tunnel model, and the water outlet end of the water mist spray head (20) is arranged downwards; the water inlet end of the water mist spray head (20) is communicated with the water outlet of the pressure water pump through a high-pressure water pipe.
5. The tunnel fire smoke motion simulation test system according to claim 1, further comprising a smoke exhaust device, wherein the smoke exhaust device is arranged at the end of the tunnel model and is far away from one end of the fan (5); the smoke exhaust device comprises a smoke exhaust pipe (21) and an exhaust fan (22), wherein one end of the smoke exhaust pipe (21) is communicated with the tunnel model, and the other end of the smoke exhaust pipe is communicated with the exhaust fan (22).
6. The tunnel fire smoke motion simulation test system according to claim 5, wherein the smoke exhaust pipe (21) comprises a gradual change section and a straight pipe section; one end of the transition section is in sealing connection with the end part of the tunnel model, and the other end of the transition section is connected with one end of the straight pipe section; the other end of the straight pipe section is connected with an exhaust fan (22); the straight pipe section is of a cylindrical structure and is arranged in a telescopic bending mode.
7. The tunnel fire smoke motion simulation test system according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of cameras (9); the cameras (9) are arranged on the outer side of the tunnel model at intervals and are uniformly distributed along the longitudinal axis of the tunnel model; the camera (9) is arranged right opposite to the side transparent window (4) and used for recording the movement state of the smoke in the tunnel model.
8. The tunnel fire smoke motion simulation test system according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of thermocouple groups (10); a plurality of thermocouple groups (10) are arranged in the tunnel model at intervals; each thermocouple group (10) comprises a first thermocouple and a plurality of second thermocouples, and the first thermocouples are arranged at the vault of the tunnel model and are installed at the position 1-2cm away from the wall surface of the vault of the tunnel model; and the plurality of second thermocouples are respectively arranged at different heights of the longitudinal center line of the tunnel model.
9. The tunnel fire smoke motion simulation test system according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of hot-wire anemometers (11) and a plurality of common anemometers (12); a plurality of hot-wire anemometers (11) are uniformly distributed along the longitudinal center line of the tunnel model; the hot-wire anemometer (11) is arranged at a position 1-2cm away from the wall surface of the vault of the tunnel model; a plurality of common anemometers (12) are uniformly distributed along the longitudinal center line of the tunnel model; the common anemometer (12) is installed at the center of the cross section of the tunnel model.
10. The tunnel fire smoke motion simulation test system according to claim 1, further comprising a laser sheet light source (8); the laser sheet light source (8) is positioned at the end part of the tunnel model, and the laser plane emitted by the laser sheet light source (8) is superposed with the central longitudinal section of the tunnel model.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116052521A (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-05-02 | 广东省公路建设有限公司 | Upper cover type closed interchange smoke discharging model test device |
| CN116147953A (en) * | 2023-02-13 | 2023-05-23 | 河北省高速公路延崇管理中心(河北省高速公路京雄管理中心) | Test device and test method for fire extinguishment by spiral tunnel ventilation coupling water mist |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116052521A (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-05-02 | 广东省公路建设有限公司 | Upper cover type closed interchange smoke discharging model test device |
| CN116147953A (en) * | 2023-02-13 | 2023-05-23 | 河北省高速公路延崇管理中心(河北省高速公路京雄管理中心) | Test device and test method for fire extinguishment by spiral tunnel ventilation coupling water mist |
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