CN114876554A - Ventilation and smoke exhaust system for tunnel - Google Patents
Ventilation and smoke exhaust system for tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN114876554A CN114876554A CN202210623265.1A CN202210623265A CN114876554A CN 114876554 A CN114876554 A CN 114876554A CN 202210623265 A CN202210623265 A CN 202210623265A CN 114876554 A CN114876554 A CN 114876554A
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- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 422
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 33
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical group O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/003—Ventilation of traffic tunnels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/04—Air ducts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/08—Ventilation arrangements in connection with air ducts, e.g. arrangements for mounting ventilators
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/14—Air partitions; Air locks
- E21F1/145—Air locks
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Ventilation (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides a ventilation system of discharging fume in tunnel includes: the end smoke exhaust device is arranged at the end part of the smoke exhaust duct of the tunnel; and the plurality of smoke exhaust channel relay devices are arranged in the smoke exhaust channel of the tunnel at intervals, are used for blowing air to the smoke exhaust channel in a subsection mode to improve the pressure in the smoke exhaust channel, and together with the end smoke exhaust devices, discharge smoke in the smoke exhaust channel out of the smoke exhaust channel. According to the embodiment of the application, the smoke exhaust channel relay device is arranged in the smoke exhaust channel, and the end part of the smoke exhaust channel is provided with the end part smoke exhaust device, so that a fixed-point smoke exhaust function is formed, the problem that the smoke exhaust channel negative pressure value is increased due to the fact that the smoke exhaust channel pipeline is long is effectively solved, the pipe network resistance of a smoke exhaust system is reduced, the problem that the smoke exhaust system is out of work due to the fact that the air speed of a smoke exhaust port is too large in the near-end firing condition of the smoke exhaust channel is solved, and the reliability and the intelligence of a ventilation and smoke exhaust system are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of ventilation and smoke exhaust, in particular to a ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a tunnel.
Background
The tunnel is a passage arranged in a mountain or underground, and an underwater tunnel and a mountain tunnel are limited by ground or mountain conditions due to the fact that engineering is linear, so that accidents often occur to cause the tunnel to be closed when railway trains, subway vehicles, automobiles and personnel pass through the tunnel, and in order to guarantee the safety of the passengers and passengers in the tunnel and provide a guarantee for evacuation, a ventilation and smoke exhaust system is arranged in the tunnel to adjust air circulation in the tunnel so as to guarantee the safety of the passengers.
The existing ventilation and smoke exhaust system is generally provided with a smoke exhaust channel and a smoke exhaust air valve inside a tunnel along the moving direction of the tunnel, and a smoke exhaust fan is arranged at a smoke exhaust air shaft in the tunnel and connected with the smoke exhaust channel to exhaust smoke in a fire area in the tunnel into the smoke exhaust channel nearby and then the smoke exhaust channel discharges the smoke.
However, when the length of the tunnel is long, on one hand, the smoke outlets on the smoke exhaust path are increased, which causes the increase of the pipe network resistance of the smoke exhaust system and the negative pressure value of the smoke exhaust pipeline, so that the pressure difference between the lane and the smoke exhaust pipeline is too large, which causes the increase of the air leakage quantity at the construction joint of the smoke exhaust pipeline, which not only increases the purchase and installation cost of the smoke exhaust air valve, but also causes the failure of the fixed-point smoke exhaust system, and the reliability of the smoke exhaust system is reduced. On the other hand, the number of smoke exhaust air shafts and tunnel machine rooms is increased, so that construction is difficult, the construction period is long, the construction risk is increased, and tens of millions of civil engineering and electromechanical construction security fees are increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve one of the technical defects, the embodiment of the application provides a ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a tunnel.
According to the embodiment of this application, a ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a tunnel is provided, which includes:
the end part smoke exhaust device is arranged at the end part of the smoke exhaust air channel of the tunnel;
and the plurality of smoke exhaust channel relay devices are arranged in the smoke exhaust channel of the tunnel at intervals, are used for blowing air to the smoke exhaust channel in a subsection mode to improve the pressure in the smoke exhaust channel, and together with the end smoke exhaust devices, discharge smoke in the smoke exhaust channel out of the smoke exhaust channel.
In an implementation, the ventilation and smoke exhaust system of the tunnel further comprises:
the normally closed electric smoke exhaust air valve is arranged at a plurality of smoke exhaust openings reserved in a smoke exhaust air duct and a roadway partition wall or a partition plate of the tunnel at intervals along the length direction of the tunnel;
each electric smoke exhaust air valve corresponds to one air speed and air quantity sensor and one gas heat sensor, and the air speed and air quantity sensors and the gas heat sensors are respectively installed at the corresponding electric smoke exhaust air valves through flanges.
In implementation, the two sides of the smoke exhaust channel relay device are respectively provided with the electric smoke exhaust air valves.
In an implementation, the ventilation and smoke exhaust system of the tunnel further comprises:
the control unit is respectively in communication connection with the end smoke exhaust device, the smoke exhaust channel relay device and the electric smoke exhaust air valve;
wherein the control unit is configured to:
controlling an electric smoke exhaust air valve in a first preset range around a fire source point to be opened according to the position of the fire source point of the fire disaster, controlling a smoke exhaust channel relay device in a second preset range around the fire source point to work to exhaust smoke, and controlling a smoke exhaust channel relay device which does not need to work to rotate to open the cross section of a smoke exhaust channel;
and controlling the end smoke exhaust device to work to exhaust smoke in case of fire.
In implementation, the control unit is also in communication connection with the air speed and air volume sensor and the gas heat sensor;
the control unit is further configured to:
and dynamically adjusting the smoke discharge efficiency of the normally closed electric smoke discharge air valve within a preset range near the fire source point according to signals of the air speed and air quantity sensor and the gas heat sensor.
In an implementation, the ventilation and smoke exhaust system of the tunnel further comprises:
the three-dimensional laser scanning device is arranged in a traffic lane of the tunnel at intervals;
a plurality of dual-wavelength fire detectors installed at intervals in a traffic lane of the tunnel;
wherein the control unit is further configured to:
and judging whether the traffic lane is in fire or not according to signals of the three-dimensional laser scanning device and the dual-wavelength fire detector, and judging the position of a fire source point of the fire when the fire occurs.
In the implementation, the smoke exhaust channel relay device is rotationally connected to the inner wall of the smoke exhaust channel; the rotational position includes:
rotating to and keeping the cross section of the smoke exhaust duct to blow air to the smoke exhaust duct so as to improve the pressure in the smoke exhaust duct;
and the air channel rotates to form a preset angle with the cross section of the air channel so as to avoid the air flow in the air channel.
In the implementation, the smoke discharging channel relay device comprises:
reversible fans which are arranged in the smoke exhaust duct in groups in parallel;
the channel steel bracket is arranged in the smoke exhaust duct in a split structure;
the rotating shaft is arranged at the positions, close to the wall, of two sides in the smoke exhaust duct;
the reversible fans are arranged on the channel steel bracket in parallel in groups, rotating shafts are arranged on the frames on two opposite sides of the channel steel bracket, and the channel steel bracket rotates to discharge smoke in the smoke discharge air duct through the rotating shafts;
a monitoring device is arranged on the reversible fan;
the monitoring device includes:
the shaft temperature sensor is used for monitoring the shaft temperature of the reversible fan;
and the surge alarm sensor is used for carrying out surge protection on the reversible fan.
In an implementation, the end fume extractor comprises:
the smoke exhaust fan is arranged in the machine room of the tunnel;
the smoke exhaust air shaft is arranged on the tops of two ends of the smoke exhaust air duct;
and the combined air valve is arranged on the smoke exhaust fan and communicated with the smoke exhaust air shaft.
In the implementation, a monitoring device is arranged on the reversible fan;
the monitoring device includes:
the shaft temperature sensor is used for monitoring the shaft temperature of the reversible fan;
and the surge alarm sensor is used for carrying out surge protection on the reversible fan.
In the implementation, the distance between the smoke discharging channel relay devices is more than or equal to 800m and less than or equal to 1200 m;
the distance between the electric smoke exhaust air valves is more than or equal to 50m and less than or equal to 160 m;
the detection range of the three-dimensional laser scanning device is more than or equal to 300m and less than or equal to 600 m;
the dual-wavelength fire detector is arranged on the side wall of the traffic lane, and the arrangement distance is more than or equal to 40m and less than or equal to 50 m.
Adopt the ventilation system of discharging fume in tunnel that provides in this application embodiment, have following advantage:
1. the smoke exhaust duct relay devices are sequentially arranged in the smoke exhaust duct at intervals along the length direction of the tunnel, so that the problems that the negative pressure value of the smoke exhaust duct increases along with the length and the smoke exhaust function fails are solved, the negative pressure value of the smoke exhaust duct is controlled from 4000Pa to be not more than 1500Pa, and the process difficulty and the equipment cost of the smoke exhaust air valve of the long tunnel are reduced.
2. The method that the relay device of the smoke exhaust duct is used for relaying in the smoke exhaust duct breaks through the traditional method that the large smoke exhaust fan is connected in series at the end of the smoke exhaust fan at the end of the tunnel without limit. The problem of not changing tunnel machine room scale, promote the power of discharging fume of smoke exhaust system, the hoisting rate is not less than 250%, saved civil engineering ampere fee.
3. The construction process difficulty of the smoke exhaust duct is reduced, the cost is greatly reduced, and the construction period is shortened.
4. The problems that the difference of the near-end and far-end smoke exhaust paths of the smoke exhaust duct is large, when the smoke exhaust resistance is small, the smoke exhaust port has overlarge wind speed to suck and penetrate a smoke layer, the actual operation smoke exhaust amount of the smoke exhaust fan is larger than a model selection value, a reasonable efficiency interval is exceeded, automatic protection cannot be started when the current of a fan motor is overlarge, the flue relay device can be flexibly started according to the fire source point and the tunnel smoke exhaust amount, and the reliability of a smoke exhaust system is greatly improved are solved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic view illustrating a flow direction of flue gas of a tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system applied to a rectangular tunnel structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system applied to a circular tunnel structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system applied to an arched tunnel structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
In the figure: the system comprises a smoke exhaust air shaft 11, a combined air valve 12, a smoke exhaust fan 13, a smoke exhaust air duct 14, an electric smoke exhaust air valve 15, a smoke exhaust duct relay device 16, a traffic lane 17, a wind speed and wind volume sensor 21 and a gas heat sensor 22.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the following further detailed description of the exemplary embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings makes it clear that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and are not exhaustive of all embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the process of realizing the application, the inventor finds that the existing ventilation and smoke exhaust system in the tunnel increases the pipe network resistance of the smoke exhaust system and the negative pressure value of the smoke exhaust pipeline due to the increase of smoke exhaust ports in the smoke exhaust process, so that the pressure difference between a roadway and the smoke exhaust pipeline is too large, the air leakage quantity at the construction joint of the smoke exhaust pipeline is increased, the purchase and installation cost of the smoke exhaust air valve is increased, the fixed-point smoke exhaust system is failed, the reliability of the smoke exhaust system is reduced, the number of smoke exhaust air shafts and tunnel machine rooms is increased, the construction difficulty is caused, the construction period is long, the construction risk is increased, and the civil engineering and electromechanical construction security charges of tens of millions are increased.
In view of the above problems, the embodiment of the present application provides a ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a tunnel, which can be widely applied to various tunnels such as a road, a railway, and a municipal tunnel.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, a ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a tunnel includes:
an end smoke exhaust device arranged at the end of the smoke exhaust duct 14 of the tunnel;
and the plurality of smoke exhaust channel relay devices 16 are arranged in the smoke exhaust channel 14 of the tunnel at intervals, and the smoke exhaust channel relay devices 16 are used for blowing air to the smoke exhaust channel in a subsection mode to improve the pressure in the smoke exhaust channel and discharging smoke in the smoke exhaust channel 14 out of the smoke exhaust channel together with the end smoke exhaust devices.
The ventilation and smoke exhaust system of the tunnel comprises two end smoke exhaust devices and a plurality of smoke exhaust channel relay devices. The two end smoke exhaust devices are respectively arranged at two ends of the smoke exhaust duct. And the plurality of smoke exhaust channel relay devices are sequentially arranged in the smoke exhaust channel at intervals along the length direction of the tunnel. The smoke exhaust channel relay device is used for blowing air to the smoke exhaust channel in a segmented mode to improve the pressure in the smoke exhaust channel, and the smoke exhaust channel relay device and the end smoke exhaust device together discharge smoke in the smoke exhaust channel out of the smoke exhaust channel. Therefore, smoke discharge in the smoke discharge air duct of the tunnel is realized in a mode that the plurality of smoke discharge duct relay devices are connected with the two end smoke discharge devices in series. The plurality of smoke exhaust channel relay devices blow air to the smoke exhaust channel at the respective positions to improve the pressure in the smoke exhaust channel and exhaust smoke of the section, so that the problems that the negative pressure value of the smoke exhaust channel increases along with the length and the smoke exhaust function fails are solved, the negative pressure value of the smoke exhaust channel is controlled from 4000Pa to be not more than 1500Pa, and the process difficulty and the equipment cost of the smoke exhaust air valve of the long tunnel are reduced.
In the specific implementation process, the smoke exhaust duct 14 is a civil engineering smoke exhaust duct, is arranged at the top or the side part of the tunnel and is positioned in the middle of the lanes 17 at the two sides of the tunnel driving tunnel, a partition plate is arranged between the smoke exhaust duct 14 and the driving tunnel, is of a general reinforced concrete structure, and is cast or constructed with a tunnel main body structure. The smoke exhaust duct 14 is connected with the end smoke exhaust device, and the sealing performance of the connection part is strictly ensured. The air speed of the exhaust flue 14 is 8-20 m/S, the standard section area S valve (m2) of the exhaust flue 14 is total smoke discharge quantity Q (m3/S)/V valve (m/S), the shape parameters of the exhaust flue are determined by the area S of an air valve, the limitation of a tunnel and the requirement of structural strength, and the length of the exhaust flue 14 is more than 5km and is not limited. End smoke exhaust devices are arranged at two ends of the smoke exhaust duct 14, a plurality of smoke exhaust duct relay devices 16 are sequentially arranged in the smoke exhaust duct 14 at intervals along the length direction of the tunnel, and the distance between the smoke exhaust duct relay devices is determined by the resistance of a smoke exhaust system pipe network, the power of a single relay device and the improvement target of the smoke exhaust effect. When smoke is discharged, the plurality of smoke discharging air channel relay devices 16 in the smoke discharging air channel 14 form a fixed-point smoke discharging function, and together with the end smoke discharging devices, the smoke in the smoke discharging air channel 14 is discharged out of the smoke discharging air channel, so that the problems of long smoke discharging pipeline, large smoke discharging resistance and poor near-far smoke discharging effect of the conventional tunnel smoke discharging system are solved.
In an implementation, as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, the ventilation and smoke exhaust system of the tunnel further includes:
the normally closed electric smoke exhaust air valves 15 are arranged at a plurality of smoke exhaust openings reserved in the smoke exhaust air duct 14 and the partition walls or the partition plates of the driveway of the tunnel at intervals along the length direction of the tunnel;
each electric smoke exhaust air valve corresponds to one air speed and air quantity sensor 21 and one gas heat sensor 22, and the air speed and air quantity sensors and the gas heat sensors are respectively installed at the corresponding electric smoke exhaust air valves 15 through flanges.
Through every the electronic blast volume sensor and a gas heat sensor of discharging fume that the blast gate corresponds can monitor the behavior of electronic blast gate of discharging fume, also provides the basis for follow-up dynamic adjustment to electronic blast gate of discharging fume.
In implementation, the two sides of the smoke exhaust relay device 16 are respectively provided with the electric smoke exhaust air valves.
The smoke exhaust channel relay device is arranged between the two electric smoke exhaust air valves, and can directly blow smoke entering through the two electric smoke exhaust air valves to improve the pressure in the smoke exhaust channel, so that the smoke exhaust efficiency is higher.
In an implementation, the ventilation and smoke exhaust system of the tunnel further comprises:
the control unit is respectively in communication connection with the end smoke exhaust device, the smoke exhaust channel relay device and the electric smoke exhaust air valve;
wherein the control unit is configured to:
according to the position of a fire source point of a fire disaster, controlling an electric smoke exhaust air valve 15 in a first preset range around the fire source point to be opened, controlling a smoke exhaust channel relay device in a second preset range around the fire source point to work to exhaust smoke, and controlling a smoke exhaust channel relay device which does not need to work to rotate to open the cross section of a smoke exhaust channel;
and controlling the end smoke exhaust device to work to exhaust smoke in case of fire.
Thus, in case of fire, the end smoke exhausting device is controlled to operate to exhaust smoke. However, the smoke exhaust channel relay device 16 and the electric smoke exhaust air valve are not all opened, but the electric smoke exhaust air valve in a first preset range around the fire source point is controlled to be opened according to the position of the fire source point, the smoke exhaust channel relay device in a second preset range around the fire source point is controlled to work to exhaust smoke, and the smoke exhaust channel relay device which does not need to work is controlled to rotate to open the cross section of the smoke exhaust channel. The smoke exhaust mode is targeted smoke exhaust, smoke can be exhausted in a certain range around the fire source point, and smoke exhaust is not exhausted due to the fact that the smoke exhaust channel relay device far away from the fire source point has extremely small effect on the smoke exhaust.
In implementation, as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, the control unit is also in communication connection with an air speed and air quantity sensor 21 and an air heat sensor 22;
the control unit is further configured to:
and dynamically adjusting the smoke discharge efficiency of the normally closed electric smoke discharge air valve within a preset range near the fire source point according to signals of the air speed and air quantity sensor 21 and the gas heat sensor 22.
In this way, when the signal of the air speed/air volume sensor at a certain normally closed electric smoke damper does not indicate or indicates an air volume or an extremely small air speed, the control unit can close the electric smoke damper at that position, and the electric smoke damper may fail. The gas heat sensor at a certain normally closed electric smoke exhaust air valve is kept high continuously, and the control unit can adjust the electric smoke exhaust air valve at the position to be large so as to exhaust smoke quickly. Thus, the dynamic adjustment of the smoke discharge of the electric smoke discharge air valve is realized.
In an implementation, the ventilation and smoke exhaust system of the tunnel further comprises:
the three-dimensional laser scanning device is arranged in a traffic lane of the tunnel at intervals;
a plurality of dual-wavelength fire detectors installed at intervals in a traffic lane of the tunnel;
wherein the control unit is further configured to:
and judging whether the traffic lane is in fire or not according to signals of the three-dimensional laser scanning device and the dual-wavelength fire detector, and judging the position of a fire source point of the fire when the fire occurs.
Three-dimensional laser scanning device and dual wavelength fire detector combine together, can avoid missing report, wrong report to fire source point intelligent identification, quick accurate location, and the high efficiency carries out early warning of conflagration. The three-dimensional laser scanning device is combined with the double-wavelength fire detector, so that the defects that the double-wavelength fire detector has blind areas and deviation exists in temperature sensing optical fiber positioning are overcome.
Specifically, the three-dimensional laser scanning device is composed of a long-distance high-performance three-dimensional laser radar and a high-speed large-torque precision tripod head, and is installed on the upper portion of the diagonal side wall of the traffic lane corresponding to each smoke exhaust section. The three-dimensional laser radar has a detection range of 300m or more and 600m or less and an angular resolution of 0.1mm or more and 10mm or less. The high-speed large-torque precise tripod head realizes the complete non-blind area coverage of 360 degrees horizontally and 180 degrees vertically by using the speed of more than or equal to 0.1 degree/s and less than or equal to 100 degrees/s.
Specifically, the dual-wavelength fire detector is arranged on the side wall of the roadway, is arranged on the same site and opposite side of the fire hydrant from the entrance of the tunnel, and is arranged at a distance which is more than or equal to 40m and less than or equal to 50 m. The three-dimensional laser scanning device is matched with a three-dimensional laser scanning device to work, so that various defects of the temperature sensing optical fiber are overcome, and a fire source point is accurately and quickly positioned.
In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, the flue relay device 16 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the flue gas discharging duct 14; the rotational position includes: rotating to and keeping at the cross section of the smoke exhaust duct 14 to blow air to the smoke exhaust duct to raise the pressure in the smoke exhaust duct and supplement the pressure loss of the smoke exhaust duct; rotate to form a preset angle with the cross section of the air duct so as to avoid the air flow in the air duct. The smoke exhaust duct must ensure negative pressure, but the negative pressure cannot be too large.
In the specific implementation process, when the fume exhaust duct relay device 16 in the fume exhaust duct 14 is controlled to rotate to blow air to the fume exhaust duct at the cross section of the fume exhaust duct 14 to raise the pressure in the fume exhaust duct, the rotation is carried out to form a preset angle with the cross section of the duct so as to avoid the air flow in the duct, and the problems that the production process difficulty and the equipment cost of the fume exhaust air valve are increased along with the increase of the length of the negative pressure value of the fume exhaust duct are solved.
In the embodiment of the application, the smoke exhaust channel relay device comprises reversible fans which are arranged in the smoke exhaust channel in parallel in groups; the channel steel bracket is arranged in the smoke exhaust duct in a split structure; the rotating shaft is arranged at the positions, close to the wall, of two sides in the smoke exhaust duct; reversible fan is installed on the channel-section steel support in groups side by side, all is provided with the axis of rotation on the frame of the relative both sides of channel-section steel support, and the channel-section steel support is discharged fume at the wind channel internal rotation of discharging fume through the axis of rotation.
In the specific implementation process, the smoke exhaust channel relay device comprises reversible fans, a channel steel support and a rotating shaft, wherein the channel steel support is arranged in the smoke exhaust air channel 14 in a split structure, the rotating shaft is arranged on the frames, close to the two sides of the wall body of the smoke exhaust air channel 14, of the channel steel support, the two ends of the rotating shaft are fixed on the two opposite side faces of the smoke exhaust air channel 14, the reversible fans are arranged on the channel steel support in groups in parallel, the total number of the reversible fans is not less than two, the reversible fans are fixedly connected with the channel steel support through a damping frame, a fastening piece and a necessary connecting plate, the smoke exhaust channel relay device is split at ordinary times, and the smoke exhaust air channel relay device and a smoke exhaust air valve opened in a fire area are linked, closed and started in case of fire.
In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the end smoke exhaust device includes a smoke exhaust fan 13, which is disposed in a machine room of the tunnel;
the smoke exhaust air shaft 11 is arranged on the tops of two ends of the smoke exhaust air duct 14; and the combined air valve 12 is arranged on the smoke exhaust fan 13, and the combined air valve 12 is communicated with the smoke exhaust air shaft 11.
In a specific implementation process, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the end portion smoke exhaust device includes a smoke exhaust air shaft 11, a combined air valve 12 and a smoke exhaust fan 13, the smoke exhaust fan 13 is arranged in the tunnel machine room and is in one-to-one correspondence with the linked combined air valves 12, and the smoke exhaust fan 13 is connected with the diffusion cylinder through flexible connection. The smoke exhaust air shafts 11 are respectively arranged at the top parts of two ends of a smoke exhaust air duct 14, a combined air valve 12 and a smoke exhaust fan 13 are arranged between the rest smoke exhaust air ducts 14 of the two smoke exhaust air shafts 11, and a closed smoke exhaust duct relay device 16, a started end smoke exhaust device and an opened smoke exhaust air valve jointly form series smoke exhaust system relay.
In the embodiment of the application, the distance between the smoke discharging channel relay devices is more than or equal to 800m and less than or equal to 1200 m;
the distance between the electric smoke exhaust air valves is more than or equal to 50m and less than or equal to 160 m;
the detection range of the three-dimensional laser scanning device is more than or equal to 300m and less than or equal to 600 m;
the dual-wavelength fire detector is arranged on the side wall of the traffic lane, and the arrangement distance is more than or equal to 40m and less than or equal to 50 m.
In the specific implementation process, the electric smoke exhaust air valves 15 are normally closed electric smoke exhaust air valves, the distance between the single smoke exhaust air valves 15 is P (160m is larger than or equal to P and larger than or equal to 50m), the number of the smoke exhaust air valves 15 which are opened in groups is N, the wind speed of the surface of each smoke exhaust air valve 15 is V m/S, the area S (m2) of each smoke exhaust air valve 15 is equal to the total smoke exhaust amount Q (m3/S)/(N × V (m/S)), and the length, width or diameter of each smoke exhaust air valve 15 is determined by the area S of each smoke exhaust air valve and the requirement on structural strength. The external hanging and wall embedding installation is adopted, valve body installation holes are reserved on a partition wall or a partition plate between the driving hole and the smoke exhaust duct 14 and are arranged in the partition wall or the partition plate between the smoke exhaust duct 14 and the driving hole, so that the installation space of the actuator is not less than 0.5m, and the installation space of the non-actuator side is not less than 0.1 m. The air speed and air quantity sensors 21 and the gas heat sensor 22 are sequentially arranged in the smoke exhaust air duct 14 of the tunnel at intervals along the length direction of the tunnel, are respectively fixed at the side wall of the smoke exhaust air valve 15 in a side wall mounting mode, and the number of the air speed and air quantity sensors arranged at the position of a single smoke exhaust air valve 15 is determined by the shape and the size of the air valve. The two sensors are connected by flanges, and the flanges are fixed on the side walls. The wind speed and wind quantity sensor 21 collects the smoke discharge quantity of the electric smoke discharge air valve 15, and the gas heat sensor 22 collects the heat flow of the gas discharged by the electric smoke discharge air valve 15 and brings the heat flow into a fire alarm system for linkage control. The remote monitoring is carried out on the data such as the smoke discharge efficiency, the smoke discharge amount and the like of the smoke discharge air valve 15 which is started under the fire working condition, the smoke control scheme can be dynamically analyzed according to the field condition, and the position and the number of the smoke discharge air valve 15 which is opened and closed are decided.
Alternatively, the gas heat sensor 22 may be replaced with a carbon dioxide sensor. The carbon dioxide sensor collects the concentration of carbon dioxide discharged by the electric smoke exhaust air valve 15 and brings the concentration into a fire alarm system for linkage control.
In the embodiment of the application, the reversible fan is provided with a monitoring device; the monitoring device comprises a shaft temperature sensor, and the shaft temperature sensor is used for monitoring the shaft temperature of the reversible fan; and the surge alarm sensor is used for protecting the surge of the reversible fan.
In the specific implementation process, the shaft temperature sensor and the surge alarm sensor realize the functions of shaft temperature and surge protection or alarm and shaft temperature display of the fan.
In the embodiment of the application, the smoke exhaust channel relay device is an openable door type structure, and the door type closing/opening state can be flexibly executed according to the working condition that the smoke exhaust channel relay device participates in fire disaster/operation ventilation, so that the controllable lifting target is realized. And in case of fire, the smoke exhausting system is linked with an electric smoke exhausting air valve which is opened in an ignition area to be closed and started, and a closed smoke exhausting channel relay device, a started end smoke exhausting device and an opened electric smoke exhausting air valve form series connection and system smoke exhausting relay.
In the embodiment of the application, the smoke exhaust fan comprises a fixed frequency fan and a movable air adjusting fan.
In the specific implementation process, the smoke exhaust fan can adopt a fixed frequency fan and a movable adjusting fan, is resistant to high temperature of 250 ℃ for 1 h-280 ℃ for 1h, is closed at ordinary times, is started at fixed frequency in case of fire, and is in relay connection with a closed exhaust flue to quickly exhaust smoke. The production process difficulty and the equipment production cost of the smoke exhaust air valve of the long tunnel are reduced, the smoke exhaust power of a smoke exhaust system is improved while the scale of a tunnel machine room is not changed, the improvement rate is not less than 250%, the construction period is shortened, and the construction security charge of civil engineering machines is saved.
The working principle of the application is as follows: when fire breaks out on the traffic lanes at two sides of the tunnel driving tunnel, a fire position detecting device and a monitoring camera arranged at the top of the tunnel can quickly, efficiently and accurately find a fire point, determine the fire position, carry out fire alarm on fire information and display the fire information on a monitoring screen of a tunnel monitoring center, start a corresponding smoke discharging mode after manual confirmation, start a normally closed electric smoke discharging air valve and a smoke discharging fan within the range of 300-500 m near the fire point by a system, simultaneously start a smoke discharging channel relay device corresponding to a fire area, switch the started smoke discharging channel relay device from a split state to a closed state, monitor the smoke discharging data condition in real time through an air speed and air quantity sensor and an air heat sensor, adjust the running power of the smoke discharging fan according to the monitoring data, suck smoke from the electric smoke discharging air valve into a smoke discharging air channel, and form relay series connection with the smoke discharging devices at two ends of the smoke discharging air channel, the smoke of the smoke exhaust duct is exhausted to the atmosphere, the problems that the difference of smoke exhaust effects of a near end smoke exhaust path and a far end smoke exhaust path of the existing ventilation and smoke exhaust system is large, and smoke layers are sucked and penetrated by overlarge wind speed of a smoke exhaust port when smoke exhaust resistance is small are solved, the ventilation and smoke exhaust can flexibly start a smoke exhaust duct relay device according to an ignition point and the tunnel smoke exhaust amount, so that the reliability of the smoke exhaust system is greatly improved, when the system is used for normal ventilation, a variable frequency fan can be adopted as a tunnel smoke exhaust fan, and the smoke exhaust duct relay device can adopt power devices such as the variable frequency fan and the like to adjust gas in a tunnel travelling hole.
While the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.
Claims (10)
1. A ventilation and smoke exhaust system of a tunnel is characterized by comprising;
the end smoke exhaust device is arranged at the end part of the smoke exhaust duct of the tunnel;
the plurality of smoke exhaust channel relay devices (16) are arranged in the smoke exhaust channel (14) of the tunnel at intervals, the smoke exhaust channel relay devices (16) are used for blowing air to the smoke exhaust channel in a segmented mode to improve the pressure in the smoke exhaust channel, and the smoke exhaust channel relay devices and the end smoke exhaust devices together discharge smoke in the smoke exhaust channel (14) out of the smoke exhaust channel.
2. The ventilation and smoke evacuation system for a tunnel of claim 1, further comprising:
the normally closed electric smoke exhaust air valves (15) are arranged at a plurality of smoke exhaust openings reserved on a smoke exhaust air duct (14) of the tunnel and a roadway partition wall or a partition plate at intervals along the length direction of the tunnel;
each electric smoke exhaust air valve corresponds to one air speed and air quantity sensor (21) and one gas heat sensor (22), and the air speed and air quantity sensors and the gas heat sensors are respectively arranged at the corresponding electric smoke exhaust air valves (15) through flanges.
3. The ventilation and smoke exhaust system of the tunnel according to claim 2, wherein the electric smoke exhaust air valves are respectively arranged on two sides of the smoke exhaust channel relay device (16).
4. The ventilation and smoke evacuation system for a tunnel of claim 2, further comprising:
the control unit is respectively in communication connection with the end smoke exhaust device, the smoke exhaust channel relay device (16) and the electric smoke exhaust air valve;
wherein the control unit is configured to:
according to the position of a fire source point of a fire disaster, an electric smoke exhaust air valve (15) in a first preset range around the fire source point is controlled to be opened, a smoke exhaust channel relay device in a second preset range around the fire source point is controlled to work to exhaust smoke, a smoke exhaust channel relay device which does not need to work is controlled to rotate, and the cross section of a smoke exhaust channel is opened;
and controlling the end smoke exhaust device to work to exhaust smoke in case of fire.
5. The ventilation and smoke evacuation system for tunnels according to claim 4, wherein said control unit is also connected in communication with an anemometry (21) and a gas heat sensor (22);
the control unit is further configured to:
and dynamically adjusting the smoke discharge efficiency of the normally closed electric smoke discharge air valve within a preset range near the fire source point according to signals of the air speed and air quantity sensor (21) and the gas heat sensor (22).
6. The ventilation and smoke evacuation system for a tunnel of claim 5, further comprising:
the three-dimensional laser scanning device is arranged in a traffic lane of the tunnel at intervals;
a plurality of dual-wavelength fire detectors installed at intervals in a traffic lane of the tunnel;
wherein the control unit is further configured to:
and judging whether the traffic lane is in fire or not according to signals of the three-dimensional laser scanning device and the dual-wavelength fire detector, and judging the position of a fire source point of the fire when the fire occurs.
7. The ventilation and smoke exhaust system of the tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the smoke exhaust channel relay device (16) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the smoke exhaust channel (14); the rotational position includes:
rotating to and keeping at the cross section of the smoke exhaust duct (14) to blow air to the smoke exhaust duct to raise the pressure in the smoke exhaust duct;
and the smoke exhaust air duct rotates to form a preset angle with the cross section of the smoke exhaust air duct so as to avoid the air flow in the air duct.
8. The ventilation and smoke evacuation system for a tunnel of claim 7, wherein said smoke evacuation relay device comprises:
reversible fans which are arranged in the smoke exhaust duct (14) in parallel in groups;
the channel steel bracket is arranged in the smoke exhaust duct (14) in a split structure;
the rotating shaft is arranged at the positions, close to the wall, of two sides in the smoke exhaust duct (14);
the reversible fans are arranged on the channel steel bracket in parallel in groups, rotating shafts are arranged on the frames on two opposite sides of the channel steel bracket, and the channel steel bracket rotates to discharge smoke in the smoke discharge air duct through the rotating shafts;
the reversible fan is provided with a monitoring device;
the monitoring device includes:
the shaft temperature sensor is used for monitoring the shaft temperature of the reversible fan;
and the surge alarm sensor is used for carrying out surge protection on the reversible fan.
9. The ventilation and smoke evacuation system for a tunnel of claim 1, wherein said end smoke evacuation means comprises:
the smoke exhaust fan (13) is arranged in the machine room of the tunnel;
the smoke exhaust air shaft (11) is arranged on the tops of two ends of the smoke exhaust air duct (14);
and the combined air valve (12) is arranged on the smoke exhaust fan (13), and the combined air valve (12) is communicated with the smoke exhaust air shaft (11).
10. The ventilation and smoke exhaust system for the tunnel according to claim 6, wherein the distance between the smoke exhaust channel relay devices is greater than or equal to 800m and less than or equal to 1200 m;
the distance between the electric smoke exhaust air valves is more than or equal to 50m and less than or equal to 160 m;
the detection range of the three-dimensional laser scanning device is more than or equal to 300m and less than or equal to 600 m;
the dual-wavelength fire detector is arranged on the side wall of the traffic lane, and the arrangement distance is more than or equal to 40m and less than or equal to 50 m.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210623265.1A CN114876554A (en) | 2022-06-02 | 2022-06-02 | Ventilation and smoke exhaust system for tunnel |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210623265.1A CN114876554A (en) | 2022-06-02 | 2022-06-02 | Ventilation and smoke exhaust system for tunnel |
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| CN114876554A true CN114876554A (en) | 2022-08-09 |
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| CN202210623265.1A Pending CN114876554A (en) | 2022-06-02 | 2022-06-02 | Ventilation and smoke exhaust system for tunnel |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117328922A (en) * | 2023-11-17 | 2024-01-02 | 中交第二公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system and method for providing airflow with smoke guide included angle |
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- 2022-06-02 CN CN202210623265.1A patent/CN114876554A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117328922A (en) * | 2023-11-17 | 2024-01-02 | 中交第二公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system and method for providing airflow with smoke guide included angle |
| CN117328922B (en) * | 2023-11-17 | 2024-04-02 | 中交第二公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system and method for providing airflow with smoke guide included angle |
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