CN117325297A

CN117325297A - Self-drainage structure and prefabrication method of permeable concrete brick

Info

Publication number: CN117325297A
Application number: CN202311251638.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 丁晨星; 张滔; 陈彦廷; 潘巧; 叶翔; 叶健辉; 曾祥锋; 王冠群; 李艳飞
Original assignee: Guangzhou Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
Current assignee: Guangzhou Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
Priority date: 2023-09-26
Filing date: 2023-09-26
Publication date: 2024-01-02

Abstract

The application relates to a self-drainage structure and a prefabrication method of permeable concrete bricks. The self-drainage structure comprises a permeable surface layer, a permeable sand layer, a broken stone base layer and a permeable concrete layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the permeable surface layer is formed by paving a plurality of permeable concrete bricks, and a drainage pipeline leading to the outside is arranged in the broken stone base layer. In the scheme, the water permeable surface layer, the water permeable sand layer and the broken stone base layer are penetrated by accumulated water on the tower foundation by utilizing good water permeable performance of the water permeable concrete, part of the accumulated water is discharged to a drainage system at the roadside through the drainage pipeline, and the other part of the accumulated water is discharged by penetrating into the ground through the water permeable concrete layer, so that excessive accumulated water on the broken stone base layer is prevented. The tower footing made of common concrete has a matched drainage system, but cannot cope with the ponding problem caused by complex weather environment and geographical conditions, and the permeable concrete layer can directly enable ponding to permeate into the ground to be discharged, so that the ponding problem at the lower part of the tower footing is solved to the greatest extent.

Description

Self-drainage structure and prefabrication method of permeable concrete brick

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of infrastructure facilities, in particular to a prefabrication method of a self-drainage structure and a permeable concrete brick.

Background

Electricity is an important energy source which is indispensable for economic development, and the construction of related conveying facilities is not neglected. The foundation of the transmission line iron tower is a foundation of the transmission line iron tower, hereinafter referred to as a tower foundation, and has the functions of supporting the weight of the transmission line iron tower and stabilizing the position of the transmission line iron tower, when the tower foundation is positioned in a topographic concave position, the condition of large-area water accumulation often occurs, the existing tower foundation generally can be subjected to basal hardening, and a matched drainage ditch is built, so that the large-area water accumulation is discharged. However, due to topography limitation or budget limitation, the phenomenon of foundation ponding is still ubiquitous, and especially in places with frequent thunderstorms or storm, foundation ponding is more serious, and high humidity can cause iron tower corrosion problems, so that the protection cost is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the above, it is necessary to provide a self-drainage structure and a prefabrication method of permeable concrete bricks, aiming at the problem that water is easy to accumulate on the foundation of the tower in the prior art.

The utility model provides a self-draining structure, self-draining structure includes from top to bottom the surface course that permeates water, the sand layer that permeates water, rubble basic unit and the concrete layer that permeates water that sets gradually, just the surface course that permeates water is laid by a plurality of concrete bricks that permeate water and is formed, be equipped with the drainage pipe who leads to the outside in the rubble basic unit.

In one embodiment, the compressive strength of the pervious concrete brick is greater than 30MPa, the flexural strength is greater than 3MPa, and the water permeability is greater than 1mm/s.

In one embodiment, the permeable concrete brick is prefabricated by permeable concrete, the compressive strength of the permeable concrete is 20-30MPa, the flexural strength is 3-4.5 MPa, and the relative density is 1.9-2.05t/m ³ The void ratio is 15-25%.

In one embodiment, the water permeable sand layer is formed by graded gravel placement.

In one embodiment, the macadam base is formed by paving macadam with a particle size of less than 30 mm.

In one embodiment, the permeable concrete layer is formed by casting permeable concrete, and the aggregate of the permeable concrete comprises graded crushed stone, wherein the grain size of the graded crushed stone is smaller than 0.7 times of the thickness of the crushed stone base layer, and the grain size of the graded crushed stone is not more than 50mm.

In one embodiment, the water permeable surface layer has a thickness of not less than 6cm; and/or the thickness of the water-permeable sand layer is not less than 2cm; and/or the thickness of the macadam base is not less than 10cm; and/or the thickness of the permeable concrete layer is not less than 15cm.

The prefabrication method of the permeable concrete brick comprises the following steps: the permeable concrete comprises aggregate, water, cementing material and additive, wherein the components of the permeable concrete are weighed according to the proportion, then the aggregate and half of the water by weight are poured into a stirrer to be uniformly stirred, the cementing material is added and stirred, and then all the water and the additive are added and stirred to obtain the permeable concrete; compacting and molding the permeable concrete by using a mould, demoulding and curing to obtain the permeable concrete brick.

In one embodiment, the water, the cementing material, the additive and the aggregate in the pervious concrete are mixed as follows: water, binder, admixture, aggregate = 85:450:5:1500.

In one embodiment, the pervious concrete includes a pigment therein.

In the scheme, the tower foundation is made by using the permeable concrete instead of the common concrete, and the permeable concrete is used for realizing good permeability, so that accumulated water on the tower foundation permeates the permeable surface layer, the permeable sand layer and the macadam base layer, part of the accumulated water is discharged to a drainage system on the roadside through the drainage pipeline, and the other part of the accumulated water permeates the permeable concrete layer to permeate the underground for discharge, so that excessive accumulated water on the macadam base layer is prevented. The tower footing made of common concrete has a matched drainage system, but cannot cope with the ponding problem caused by complex weather environment and geographical conditions, and the permeable concrete layer can directly enable ponding to permeate into the ground to be discharged, so that the ponding problem at the lower part of the tower footing is solved to the greatest extent. And moreover, the permeable concrete layer has higher strength compared with other three layers, and can be paved on the bottom layer to improve the strength of the self-draining structure, so that the influence on the firmness degree of the transmission line iron tower due to the instability of the tower foundation caused by the low strength of the self-draining structure is avoided. Meanwhile, compared with common concrete, the pervious concrete adopted by the invention has better compatibility with the environment, and can effectively reserve water for the growth of plants so as to solve the water demand problem of the plants. In addition, compared with the common concrete, the permeable concrete has bigger pores, can release the underground temperature after rainwater is permeated into the underground, and is a more environment-friendly project. Besides, the permeable concrete can change color according to the mixing proportion, so that the facility has more appreciation value.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a self-draining structure according to an embodiment of the present application.

Reference numerals illustrate:

100. a self-draining structure; 110. a water permeable surface layer; 120. a water-permeable sand layer; 130. a macadam base layer; 140. a water permeable concrete layer; 150. a drainage pipe; 160. soil base.

Detailed Description

In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. This application is, however, susceptible of embodiment in many other forms than those described herein and similar modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the application, and therefore the application is not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

In the description of the present application, it should be understood that, if there are terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., these terms refer to the orientation or positional relationship based on the drawings, which are merely for convenience of description and simplification of description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present application.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, if any, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, the terms "plurality" and "a plurality" if any, mean at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.

In this application, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly. For example, the two parts can be fixedly connected, detachably connected or integrated; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.

In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the meaning of a first feature being "on" or "off" a second feature, and the like, is that the first and second features are either in direct contact or in indirect contact through an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.

It will be understood that if an element is referred to as being "fixed" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. If an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used herein, if any, are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent a unique embodiment.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a self-draining structure 100 in an embodiment of the present application, where the self-draining structure 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application is applied to a power transmission line tower foundation, that is, the self-draining structure 100 provided in the present application can be laid on the power transmission line tower foundation, so as to facilitate drainage of tower foundation water. It will be appreciated that the foundation of the pylon will generally be hardened on the base surface and a complementary drainage system will be constructed, for example a drainage ditch located at the roadside, to facilitate drainage around the pylon foundation.

As shown in fig. 1, the self-drainage structure 100 comprises a permeable surface layer 110, a permeable sand layer 120, a macadam base layer 130 and a permeable concrete layer 140 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and is formed by four layers of structures of the permeable surface layer 110, the permeable sand layer 120, the macadam base layer 130 and the permeable concrete layer 140, on one hand, the permeable concrete layer 140 has higher strength compared with other three layers, and is paved on the bottom layer, so that the strength of the self-drainage structure 100 can be improved, the firmness of a transmission line iron tower is prevented from being influenced by the instability of the tower foundation caused by the low strength of the self-drainage structure 100, and on the other hand, the permeable surface layer 110, the permeable sand layer 120, the macadam base layer 130 and the permeable concrete layer 140 all have water permeability, so that accumulated water on the tower foundation is discharged by penetrating through the permeable sand layer 120 and the macadam base layer 130, and is prevented from penetrating into the ground after penetrating through the permeable concrete layer 140, and the accumulated water is prevented from being excessive, and the self-drainage structure 100 is guaranteed to have good water permeability and strength of the base layer. It will be appreciated that a soil base 160, i.e., a foundation built from soil, is also provided below the self-draining structure 100.

Wherein the water permeable facing 110 is formed by laying a plurality of water permeable concrete bricks, it may be laid in an array according to the actual shape using a plurality of water permeable concrete bricks. The permeable concrete brick is formed by prefabricating permeable concrete, the permeable concrete is formed by mixing cement, water and permeable concrete reinforcing agent (cementing material) with high-quality mixed material with the same particle size or gap grading aggregate, and the mixed material has certain void ratio and water permeability. The permeable concrete brick is prefabricated by permeable concrete, so the permeable concrete brick also has water permeability.

Preferably, the permeable concrete brick used for the permeable surface layer 110 is a high-performance color permeable concrete brick, and is prepared by taking high-strength Portland cement as a base material, adding powdery materials composed of a plurality of auxiliary agents for increasing strength and binding force, adding inorganic weather-resistant pigment according to requirements, mixing the powdery materials with crushed stone and water according to a certain proportion, and prefabricating the permeable concrete brick with different colors in advance. In one embodiment, the permeable concrete brick has a compressive strength greater than 30MPa, a flexural strength greater than 3MPa, and a permeability greater than 1mm/s.

In one embodiment, the pervious concrete has a compressive strength of 20-30MPa, a flexural strength of 3-4.5 MPa, a relative density of 1.9-2.05t/m3, and a void fraction of 15-25%. In this embodiment, the following components are used for the pervious concrete: the graded aggregate adopts guami stone (bean stone), and the concrete aggregate refers to granular loose materials which play a framework or filling role in concrete. The grain size of the guami stone (bean stone) is 4.75-9.5mm, the crushing index is less than 15%, the needle particle content is less than 15%, the mud content is less than 1%, and the apparent density is more than 2500kg/m ³ The compact bulk density is 1350kg/m3 and the void fraction is less than 47%. The cement adopts Portland cement with the variety grade of P.O52.5, and the flexural strength and compressive strength of the cement accord with GB/T17671-2021 cement mortar strength test method (ISO method). The additive adopts a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducer. The water is common tap water.

In one embodiment, the thickness of the water permeable facing 110 is not less than 6cm, preferably the thickness of the water permeable facing 110 is 6-8cm.

The water-permeable sand layer 120 plays a role in water permeation and leveling, and in one embodiment, the water-permeable sand layer 120 is formed by laying graded gravel, wherein the graded gravel is a mixed material used for foundation or other purposes after mixing the granularity (particle size) of sand or stones according to a certain proportion, and the proportion varies according to the specific situation of engineering design.

In one embodiment, the thickness of the water permeable sand layer 120 is not less than 2cm, and preferably the thickness of the water permeable sand layer 120 is 2-3cm.

The gravel base 130 has good water retention, and in one embodiment, the gravel base 130 is formed by paving gravel having a particle size of less than 30 mm. In consideration of the season factors of heavy storm, in order to prevent the excessive accumulated water of the gravel base layer 130 from affecting the foundation, a drainage pipe 150 leading to the outside is arranged in the gravel base layer 130, and the drainage pipe 150 is communicated with an external drainage system so as to timely drain the accumulated water in the self-drainage structure 100 to the drainage system and timely drain excessive rainwater. Illustratively, drain line 150 is made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) material, which is a DN50 pipe with a nominal diameter of 50mm.

In one embodiment, the thickness of the ballast bed 130 is not less than 10cm, preferably the thickness of the ballast bed 130 is 10-15cm.

In one embodiment, the water permeable concrete layer 140 is formed by casting water permeable concrete, and is composed of plain color water permeable concrete, which provides sufficient overall strength and water permeability to the pavement structure. And the aggregate of the permeable concrete includes graded crushed stone having a grain size smaller than 0.7 times the thickness of the crushed stone base layer 130 and a grain size of not more than 50mm, so that the permeable concrete layer 140 has high strength and water permeability. In other embodiments, the aggregate of the pervious concrete may also employ graded gravel.

In one embodiment, the thickness of the permeable concrete layer 140 is not less than 15cm, and preferably, the thickness of the permeable concrete layer 140 is 15-20cm.

The construction method of the self-drainage structure 100 provided by the application comprises the following steps: prefabricating permeable concrete bricks; pouring a permeable concrete layer 140; paving the drainage pipeline 150 and the macadam base 130; paving permeable gravel; the water permeable surface layer 110 is obtained by laying prefabricated water permeable concrete bricks.

Specifically, when the foundation is constructed, a foundation pit with proper depth is reserved to make room for the water-permeable pavement system, and the foundation bed is constructed on the leveling site. The permeable concrete layer 140 is poured first, and a drain pipe is paved on the surface of the permeable concrete layer 140 to introduce a drainage system such as a drainage ditch. And then paving a certain thickness of uniform and flat gravel base layer 130 with graded natural gravel with the grain diameter smaller than 30mm as a cushion layer, and then paving a layer of uniform graded permeable gravel as a permeable sand layer 120. The prefabricated water permeable bricks are then uniformly laid on the water permeable sand layer 120.

In the scheme, the tower foundation is made of the pervious concrete instead of the ordinary concrete, and the pervious performance of the pervious concrete is utilized, so that accumulated water on the tower foundation permeates the pervious surface layer 110, the pervious sand layer 120 and the crushed stone base layer 130, part of the accumulated water is discharged to a drainage system at the roadside through the drainage pipeline 150, and the other part of the accumulated water permeates the ground through the pervious concrete layer 140 and is discharged, and excessive accumulated water on the crushed stone base layer 130 is prevented. The tower footing made of common concrete has a matched drainage system, but cannot cope with the water accumulation problem caused by complex weather environment and geographical conditions, and the permeable concrete layer 140 can directly enable the water accumulation to permeate into the ground to be discharged, so that the water accumulation problem at the lower part of the tower footing is solved to the greatest extent.

In addition, the permeable concrete layer 140 has higher strength than other three layers, and the strength of the self-draining structure 100 can be improved by paving the permeable concrete layer on the bottom layer, so that the influence on the firmness degree of the transmission line tower caused by the instability of the tower foundation due to the low strength of the self-draining structure 100 is avoided.

Meanwhile, compared with common concrete, the pervious concrete adopted by the invention has better compatibility with the environment, and can effectively reserve water for the growth of plants so as to solve the water demand problem of the plants. In addition, compared with the common concrete, the permeable concrete has bigger pores, can release the underground temperature after rainwater is permeated into the underground, and is a more environment-friendly project. Besides, the permeable concrete can change color according to the mixing proportion, so that the facility has more appreciation value.

The present application also provides a prefabricating method of the permeable concrete brick, optionally, the permeable surface layer 110 in the self-draining structure 100 provided by the present application is paved by the permeable concrete brick prepared by the prefabricating method of the permeable concrete brick provided by the present application.

The prefabrication method of the permeable concrete brick comprises the following steps:

weighing the components of the permeable concrete according to a proportion, wherein the permeable concrete comprises aggregate, water, cementing materials and additives, and the aggregate is granular loose materials which play a role in framework or filling in the concrete, and is usually broken stone; the cementing material enables the concrete surface to form certain water permeability, thereby achieving the effect of water permeability. The concrete cementing material comprises cement, slag powder, fly ash, silica fume and other materials which actively participate in cement hydration, and in the embodiment, the cementing material comprises cement and silica fume. The admixture is selected according to the application range of the concrete, and in the embodiment, the admixture is a water reducing agent, and the water reducing agent is a concrete admixture capable of reducing the mixing water consumption under the condition of maintaining the slump of the concrete basically unchanged. The concrete composition of the pervious concrete can be consistent with that of any of the pervious concrete disclosed at present, and the composition comprises high-strength portland cement, broken stone, water reducer and the like.

The aggregate and half of the water by weight are poured into a stirrer to be stirred uniformly, and optionally, the stirring process is stirring for 2 minutes. The cementing material is added and stirred, and then all water and the additive are added and stirred to obtain the pervious concrete, alternatively, the time interval between the two water additions is 2 minutes, and the stirring is continued for 2 minutes after all water is poured.

The aggregate broken stone is firstly added, then the water reducing agent and half of water by weight are added and stirred, so that the aggregate is firstly absorbed with water to be fully wetted, then the cementing material is added and stirred, and at the moment, the cement can be better combined with the aggregate when the added cement is continuously stirred. Thereby improving the condition that a large amount of cement caused by direct one-time stirring is stuck on the inner wall of the stirrer, so that the aggregate cannot be fully combined with the cement.

Compacting and molding the permeable concrete by using a mould, demoulding and curing to obtain the permeable concrete brick.

Pouring the stirred permeable concrete into a mold with the thickness of 500mm multiplied by 50mm, brushing a release agent, and scraping and compacting the permeable concrete by using a lime cutter to prepare the permeable brick surface layer. Demolding the molded water permeable brick after 1 day, and curing for 28 days under standard curing conditions. Wherein, the standard curing conditions of concrete are as follows: the temperature is 20+/-2 ℃ within 28 days, and the humidity is not lower than 95%. The standard curing conditions can enable the concrete to harden normally, because after the concrete is poured and rammed, the concrete can be gradually coagulated and hardened under the comprehensive condition of cement and water, and hydration needs proper temperature and humidity, if the temperature and the humidity do not reach the standard, the concrete can crack and break.

In one embodiment, the water, the cementing material, the admixture and the aggregate are mixed as follows: water, cementing material and additive, wherein aggregate=85:450:5:1500, and the proportioning unit is kg/m ³ And the proportion of cement and silica fume in the cementing material is as follows: cement silica fume=420:30. The compressive strength of the formed high-performance water permeable brick reaches more than 30MPa, the flexural strength is more than 3MPa, the water permeability reaches more than 1mm/s, and the water permeable brick is 10 times that of the common water permeable brick.

In one embodiment, the pervious concrete includes a pigment, and optionally, in this embodiment, the pigment is an inorganic weather-resistant pigment, and the pigment can change the policy of the pervious concrete and the pervious concrete brick prefabricated by the pervious concrete, and change the color according to the mix proportion, so that the style of the pervious concrete is diversified, and the facility has more appreciation value.

The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.

The above examples only represent a few embodiments of the present application, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the claims. It should be noted that it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements could be made without departing from the spirit of the present application, which would be within the scope of the present application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the claims appended hereto.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a from drainage structure, its characterized in that, from drainage structure includes from top to bottom the permeable surface course that sets gradually, permeable sand layer, rubble basic unit and permeable concrete layer, just permeable surface course is laid by a plurality of permeable concrete bricks and is formed, be equipped with the drainage pipe who leads to the outside in the rubble basic unit.

2. The self-draining structure according to claim 1, wherein the compressive strength of the pervious concrete brick is greater than 30MPa, the flexural strength is greater than 3MPa, and the water permeability is greater than 1mm/s.

3. The self-drainage structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pervious concrete brick is prefabricated from pervious concrete, and the pervious concrete has a compressive strength of 20 to 30MPa, a flexural strength of 3 to 4.5MPa and a relative density of 1.9 to 2.05t/m ³ The void ratio is 15-25%.

4. The self-draining structure according to claim 1, wherein the water-permeable sand layer is formed by graded gravel laying.

5. The self-draining structure according to claim 1, wherein the gravel base layer is formed by paving gravel with a particle size of less than 30 mm.

6. The self-draining structure according to claim 1, wherein the permeable concrete layer is formed by casting permeable concrete, and aggregate of the permeable concrete comprises graded crushed stone, the grain size of the graded crushed stone is smaller than 0.7 times the thickness of the crushed stone base layer, and the grain size of the graded crushed stone is not more than 50mm.

7. The self-draining structure according to claim 1, wherein the water permeable surface layer has a thickness of not less than 6cm,

and/or the thickness of the water-permeable sand layer is not less than 2cm;

and/or the thickness of the macadam base is not less than 10cm;

and/or the thickness of the permeable concrete layer is not less than 15cm.

8. The prefabrication method of the permeable concrete brick is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

the permeable concrete comprises aggregate, water, cementing material and additive, wherein the components of the permeable concrete are weighed according to the proportion, then the aggregate and half of the water by weight are poured into a stirrer to be uniformly stirred, the cementing material is added and stirred, and then all the water and the additive are added and stirred to obtain the permeable concrete;

9. The prefabrication method of the permeable concrete brick according to claim 8, wherein the ratio of water, cementing material, admixture and aggregate in the permeable concrete is as follows: water, binder, admixture, aggregate = 85:450:5:1500.

10. The method for prefabricating a permeable concrete brick according to claim 8, wherein the permeable concrete comprises a pigment.