CN117325050A

CN117325050A - Universal grinder

Info

Publication number: CN117325050A
Application number: CN202311527882.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王昌武
Original assignee: Hangzhou Fuyang Lili Cold Rolling Co ltd
Current assignee: Hangzhou Fuyang Lili Cold Rolling Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-11-16
Filing date: 2023-11-16
Publication date: 2024-01-02
Anticipated expiration: 2043-11-16
Also published as: CN117325050B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of grinding machines, and particularly relates to a universal grinding machine which comprises a bracket A, a bracket B, a motor A, a swivel A, a motor B, grinding balls and a clamping mechanism, wherein two arc swivel A with 180-degree circumferential distances are arranged on a square bracket B which is driven by the motor A to rotate around a horizontal axis in the bracket A, and the axes of the two swivel A are coincident with the rotation axis of the bracket B. According to the invention, the frosting with different roughness is arranged at different positions of the rotating linear speed according to the different rotating linear speeds of the rotating grinding ball along the rotating axis direction, and the frosting with smaller roughness is arranged at the position with larger speed, so that the surface of different positions of the same workpiece can be polished with the precision from thick to thin by one grinding ball, the grinding part of the grinding machine is not required to be replaced, the part loss cost of workpiece processing and the whole equipment cost for controlling the grinding speed are reduced, and the grinding efficiency is effectively improved.

Description

Universal grinder

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of grinding machines, and particularly relates to a universal grinding machine.

Background

The grinding machine is a device for carrying out finish machining on the surface of a workpiece in a grinding mode, and mainly comprises a grinding roller and a workpiece clamping structure.

The workpiece is generally subjected to grinding after turning or milling to increase the surface precision, and different grinding precision requirements have different requirements on the friction coefficient, the roughness and the rotation speed of the grinding roller. Aiming at different grinding precision requirements, the control of the rotation speed of the grinding roller is generally realized by replacing the grinding roller on the grinding machine, and correspondingly, the transmission groove of the transmission belt is required to be replaced or the variable frequency motor with better replacement cost is required to be replaced.

When the ball rotates around a shaft, the linear speed of the surface of the ball changes along the direction of the rotation axis, grinding materials with different friction coefficients can be arranged on the surface of the ball along the direction of the rotation axis, grinding materials with higher friction coefficients and roughness are arranged at the position with lower linear speed of the surface of the ball, and grinding materials with lower friction coefficients and roughness are arranged at the position with higher linear speed of the surface of the ball, so that the aim of finishing quick grinding after slow rough grinding of a workpiece is fulfilled by the same ball under the condition that the rotation angle speed of the ball is unchanged, the grinding efficiency is improved, and the cost is saved.

However, the sphere grinding has no mature structure at present, and the following technical problems need to be solved in order to realize sphere grinding for processing:

the relation between the driving structure of the sphere and the grinding surface is that the driving structure of the sphere cannot influence the grinding surface.

The workpiece clamping structure is designed aiming at sphere grinding, so that the workpiece can fully utilize each area on the sphere surface in the grinding process.

The invention designs a universal grinder which solves the problems.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention discloses a universal grinder which is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.

The universal grinder comprises a bracket A, a bracket B, a motor A, a swivel A, a motor B, grinding balls and a clamping mechanism, wherein two arc swivel A which are circumferentially spaced 180 degrees apart are arranged on a square bracket B in the bracket A and driven by the motor A to rotate around a horizontal axis, and the axes of the two swivel A are coincident with the rotation axis of the bracket B; a grinding ball driven by a motor B is rotated between the two rotary bases A along the axis of the rotary bases A; the surface of the grinding ball is provided with frosted surface, and the frosted roughness gradually increases from the middle part to two sides along the rotation axis direction of the grinding ball; two groups of brackets C driven by two motors C to swing around the vertical axis of the grinding ball are respectively provided with a clamping mechanism for driving the shaft workpieces to move along the radial direction of the grinding ball and driving the shaft workpieces to rotate.

As a further improvement of the technology, two rotary pins A which are rotationally matched with the circular grooves on the bracket A are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the bracket B; and a worm A which is arranged on the bracket A and is in transmission connection with the output shaft of the motor A is meshed with the turbine A on the rotary pin A.

As a further improvement of the technology, two pairs of rollers which are matched with the two annular grooves A on the grinding ball in a one-to-one correspondence manner and two gears A which are meshed with the annular gear B on the grinding ball and driven by the motor B are symmetrically arranged on the intrados of the rotary seat A.

As a further development of the technology, the rollers each bear radially against the grinding balls in the respective ring groove a.

As a further improvement of the technology, the two gears a are meshed with a gear B arranged on the rotary seat a, and the gear B is meshed with a gear C on the output shaft of the motor B.

As a further improvement of the technology, both ends of the two groups of brackets C are provided with rotating sleeves A which are in rotary fit with rotating pins B on the brackets A; and a gear D is arranged on one rotating sleeve A of each group of brackets C, the gear D is meshed with a gear E arranged on the bracket A, a gear F on the shaft where the gear E is positioned is meshed with a gear G arranged on the bracket A, a turbine B on the shaft where the gear G is positioned is meshed with a worm B arranged on the bracket A, and the worm B is in transmission connection with an output shaft of a corresponding motor C.

As a further improvement of the technology, the clamping mechanism comprises a guide seat A, a motor D, a slide seat A, a guide seat B, a slide seat B, a motor E, a ring sleeve A, a rotating sleeve B, a motor F, a chuck, a ring sleeve B, a push rod, a rotating seat B and a push seat, wherein the guide seat A arranged on a corresponding group of brackets C horizontally slides with the slide seat A driven by the motor D, and the guide seat B arranged on the slide seat A radially slides with the slide seat B driven by the motor E along a grinding ball; two cantilevers are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the sliding seat B; one cantilever end is provided with a loop A, and the other cantilever end is provided with a loop B which is coaxial with the loop A; a rotating sleeve B driven by a motor F is rotatably matched with the ring sleeve A; the coaxial line chuck for clamping the shaft workpiece is arranged on the rotating sleeve B; the tail end of the ejector rod axially and horizontally sliding in the annular sleeve B is provided with a rotary seat B, and the rotary seat B is rotationally matched with a top seat matched with the tail end of the shaft workpiece; the ring sleeve B is provided with a structure for locking the ejector rod.

As a further improvement of the technology, a fastening bolt matched with the ejector rod is screwed in a threaded hole on the wall surface of the annular sleeve B.

As a further improvement of the technology, a screw rod A which is in transmission connection with the output shaft of the motor D and in threaded fit with the slide seat A is rotationally matched with the guide seat A; the guide seat B is rotatably matched with a screw rod B which is in transmission connection with the output shaft of the motor E and is in threaded fit with the slide seat B.

As a further improvement of the technology, a gear H is arranged on the rotating sleeve B, and the gear H is meshed with a gear I on an output shaft of the motor F on the annular sleeve A.

Compared with the traditional grinding machine, the grinding machine has the advantages that the grinding with different roughness is arranged at different positions of the rotating linear speed according to the different rotating linear speeds of the rotating grinding balls along the rotating axis direction, the grinding with smaller roughness is arranged at the position with larger speed, and further the grinding with the precision from thick to thin on the surfaces of different positions of the same workpiece can be realized through one grinding ball, so that grinding parts of the grinding machine are not required to be replaced, the part loss cost of workpiece processing and the whole equipment cost for controlling the grinding speed are reduced, and the grinding efficiency is effectively improved.

The invention has simple structure and better use effect.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic overall view of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of two turret A driven structures according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the cooperation of two swivel bases A with a grinding ball.

Fig. 4 is a schematic side cross-sectional view of the engagement of the grinding ball with two workpieces on two clamping mechanisms.

Fig. 5 is a schematic top view cross-section of the ball engaging two workpieces on two clamping mechanisms.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure and cross-section of the swivel A.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a grinding ball.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a clamping mechanism.

Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the clamping mechanism from two viewing angles.

Reference numerals in the figures: 1. a bracket A; 2. a rotating pin A; 3. a bracket B; 4. a turbine A; 5. a worm A; 6. a motor A; 7. rotating the base A; 8. a roller; 9. a gear A; 10. a gear B; 11. a gear C; 12. a motor B; 13. a grinding ball; 14. a ring groove A; 15. a ring groove B; 16. a gear ring; 17. a rotating pin B; 18. a rotating sleeve A; 19. a gear D; 20. a gear E; 21. a gear F; 22. a gear G; 23. a turbine B; 24. a worm B; 25. a motor C; 26. a bracket C; 27. clamping mechanism; 28. a guide seat A; 29. a motor D; 30. a screw A; 31. a sliding seat A; 32. a guide seat B; 33. a sliding seat B; 34. a screw B; 35. a motor E; 36. a cantilever; 37. a ring sleeve A; 38. a rotating sleeve B; 39. a gear H; 40. a gear I; 41. a motor F; 42. a chuck; 43. a loop B; 44. a fastening bolt; 45. a push rod; 46. a transposition B; 47. a top base; 48. a workpiece.

Detailed Description

The drawings are schematic representations of the practice of the invention to facilitate understanding of the principles of operation of the structure. The specific product structure and the proportional size are determined according to the use environment and the conventional technology.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, the device comprises a bracket A1, a bracket B3, a motor A6, a swivel seat A7, a motor B12, a grinding ball 13 and a clamping mechanism 27, wherein as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, two arc swivel seats A7 which are 180 degrees apart in the circumferential direction are arranged on a square bracket B3 which is driven by the motor A6 and rotates in the bracket A1 around a horizontal axis, and the axes of the two swivel seats A7 are coincident with the rotation axis of the bracket B3; a grinding ball 13 driven by a motor B12 is rotated along the axis between the two rotary bases A7; as shown in fig. 3 and 7, the surface of the grinding ball 13 is provided with frosted surfaces, and the frosted roughness gradually increases from the middle to two sides along the rotation axis direction of the grinding ball 13; as shown in fig. 2, 4 and 5, the clamping mechanisms 27 for driving the shaft workpieces 48 to move radially along the grinding balls 13 and driving the shaft workpieces 48 to rotate are respectively mounted on two groups of brackets C26 which are driven by two motors C25 to swing around the vertical axes of the grinding balls 13.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, two rotating pins A2 which are rotationally matched with the circular grooves on the bracket A1 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the bracket B3; a worm A5 which is arranged on the bracket A1 and is in transmission connection with the output shaft of the motor A6 is meshed with a turbine A4 on the rotary pin A2.

As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 6, two pairs of rollers 8 which are in one-to-one correspondence with two annular grooves a14 on the grinding ball 13 and two gears A9 which are meshed with an annular gear 16 of an annular groove B15 on the grinding ball 13 and are driven by a motor B12 are symmetrically arranged on the intrados of the rotary seat A7.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the rollers 8 each radially abut against the grinding balls 13 in a corresponding ring groove a 14.

As shown in fig. 6, the two gears A9 are meshed with a gear B10 mounted on the swivel A7, and the gear B10 is meshed with a gear C11 on the output shaft of the motor B12.

As shown in fig. 2, 4 and 8, both ends of the two sets of brackets C26 are respectively provided with a rotating sleeve a18 which is rotatably matched with the rotating pin B17 on the bracket A1; a gear D19 is arranged on one rotating sleeve A18 of each group of brackets C26, the gear D19 is meshed with a gear E20 arranged on the bracket A1, a gear F21 on the shaft where the gear E20 is positioned is meshed with a gear G22 arranged on the bracket A1, a turbine B23 on the shaft where the gear G22 is positioned is meshed with a worm B24 arranged on the bracket A1, and the worm B24 is in transmission connection with the output shaft of a corresponding motor C25.

As shown in fig. 8, the clamping mechanism 27 includes a guide seat a28, a motor D29, a slide seat a31, a guide seat B32, a slide seat B33, a motor E35, a ring sleeve a37, a rotating sleeve B38, a motor F41, a chuck 42, a ring sleeve B43, a push rod 45, a rotating seat B46, and a push seat 47, wherein, as shown in fig. 5, 8, and 9, the guide seat a28 mounted on a corresponding set of brackets C26 is horizontally moved with the slide seat a31 driven by the motor D29, and the guide seat B32 mounted on the slide seat a31 is radially slid with the slide seat B33 driven by the motor E35 along the grinding ball 13; two cantilevers 36 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the sliding seat B33; the tail end of one cantilever 36 is provided with a loop A37, and the tail end of the other cantilever 36 is provided with a loop B43 coaxial with the loop A37; a rotating sleeve B38 driven by a motor F41 is matched in a rotating way in the ring sleeve A37; the rotary sleeve B38 is provided with a coaxial line chuck 42 for clamping a shaft workpiece 48; a swivel seat B46 is arranged at the tail end of the ejector rod 45 axially and horizontally sliding in the annular sleeve B43, and a top seat 47 matched with the tail end of the shaft workpiece 48 is rotatably matched with the swivel seat B46; the ring sleeve B43 is provided with a locking ejector rod 45.

As shown in fig. 5 and 9, a fastening bolt 44 engaged with a push rod 45 is screwed into a screw hole in the wall surface of the collar B43.

As shown in fig. 5 and 9, the guide seat a28 is rotatably matched with a screw rod a30 which is in transmission connection with the output shaft of the motor D29 and is in threaded fit with the slide seat a 31; the guide seat B32 is rotatably matched with a screw rod B34 which is in transmission connection with the output shaft of the motor E35 and is in threaded fit with the slide seat B33.

As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the rotating sleeve B38 is provided with a gear H39, and the gear H39 is meshed with a gear I40 on the output shaft of the motor F41 on the ring sleeve a 37.

The working flow of the invention is as follows: in the initial state, a certain distance is arranged between the axis of the chuck 42 and the grinding ball 13 in the two clamping mechanisms 27, and the two rotary bases A7 are respectively positioned at the top end middle position and the bottom end middle position of the grinding ball 13.

When it is necessary to polish a shaft-like workpiece 48 by the present invention, the workpiece 48 is first clamped on a clamping mechanism 27, the workpiece 48 is inserted into the chuck 42 and abuts against the top seat 47, and the chuck 42 is centered, clamped and fixed by a tool.

Then, the motors B12 on the two rotary bases A7 are started, the motors B12 drive the grinding balls 13 to rotate around the axis of the rotary pin A2 through the gears C11, the gears B10, the gears A9 and the gear rings 16, the linear speed of the surface of the rotating grinding balls 13 is sequentially reduced along the middle part of the rotating axis to two sides, and the rotating speed of the rougher grinding part is smaller while the rotating speed of the finer grinding part is larger.

Then, the motor C25 corresponding to the clamping mechanism 27 clamping the workpiece 48 and the motor F41 in the clamping mechanism 27 clamping the workpiece 48 are started simultaneously, the motor F41 drives the workpiece 48 to rotate, and the motor C25 drives the clamping mechanism 27 clamping the workpiece 48 to swing around the rotary pin B17, so that the part, closest to the grinding ball 13, of the workpiece 48 swings towards the area with smaller rotation linear speed on the grinding ball 13 for rough grinding.

When the part of the workpiece 48 closest to the grinding ball 13 reaches the part with smaller linear speed on the grinding ball 13, the motor C25 in the clamping mechanism 27 is started, the motor C25 drives the workpiece 48 to reach the surface of the grinding ball 13 along the radial direction of the grinding ball 13 for rough grinding, and meanwhile, the motor D29 in the clamping mechanism 27 is started, and the motor D29 drives the workpiece 48 to horizontally reciprocate along the axial direction of the workpiece 48, so that the surface of the autorotated workpiece 48 is ground in all directions.

When the surface of the workpiece 48 is subjected to primary rough grinding, the motor C25 is started to drive the workpiece 48 to swing around the rotating pin B17 by a certain amplitude, so that the part of the workpiece 48 with the larger linear speed on the grinding ball 13 is subjected to finer grinding, and after the workpiece 48 is subjected to grinding of a certain smoothness degree, the motor C25 is started to drive the workpiece 48 to swing around the rotating pin B17 by a certain amplitude, so that the part of the workpiece 48 with the larger linear speed on the grinding ball 13 is subjected to finer grinding, and finally, the part of the workpiece 48 with the largest linear speed on the grinding ball 13 is subjected to polishing and grinding.

In the process of polishing a single workpiece 48, along with the swinging of the workpiece 48 around the rotating pin B17 under the driving of the clamping mechanism 27, the motor A6 is started to drive the two rotating bases A7 to rotate by a corresponding amplitude, so that the radial low pressure of the workpiece 48 on the grinding ball 13 can be partially borne by the rotating bases A7 to reduce the stress of the rollers 8 on the two rotating bases A7, and the rollers 8 are protected to reduce abrasion.

When a batch of shaft workpieces 48 need to be polished by the invention, the workpieces 48 are clamped on the two clamping mechanisms 27, the two workpieces 48 are respectively inserted into the chucks 42 in the corresponding clamping mechanisms 27 and abutted against the top seat 47, and the corresponding workpieces 48 are clamped and fixed in the center of the chucks 42 by a tool.

Then, the motors C25 and F41 in the two clamping mechanisms 27 are started simultaneously, the two motors F41 respectively drive the corresponding workpieces 48 to rotate, the two motors C25 respectively drive the corresponding clamping mechanisms 27 to swing around the rotary pin B17 by a certain amplitude, so that the parts, closest to the grinding balls 13, of the two workpieces 48 swing to the areas with smaller rotation linear speeds on the grinding balls 13 for rough grinding, and the two workpieces 48 are distributed in a state of 180 axial distances.

When the parts of the two workpieces 48 closest to the grinding ball 13 reach the parts with smaller linear speed on the grinding ball 13, the motors C25 in the two clamping mechanisms 27 are started, the two motors C25 respectively drive the corresponding workpieces 48 to reach the surface of the grinding ball 13 along the radial direction of the grinding ball 13 for rough grinding, meanwhile, the motors D29 in the two clamping mechanisms 27 are started, and the two motors D29 respectively drive the corresponding workpieces 48 to horizontally reciprocate along the axial direction of the corresponding workpieces 48, so that the surfaces of the rotating workpieces 48 are ground in all directions.

When the surfaces of the two workpieces 48 finish primary rough grinding, the two motors C25 are started to drive the corresponding workpieces 48 to swing around the rotary pin B17 by a certain amplitude respectively, so that the parts of the two workpieces 48 with larger linear speed on the grinding ball 13 are subjected to finer grinding, so that after the two workpieces 48 finish grinding with certain roughness at the same time, the two motors C25 are started to drive the corresponding workpieces 48 to swing around the rotary pin B17 by a certain amplitude respectively, so that the parts of the two workpieces 48 with larger linear speed on the grinding ball 13 are subjected to finer grinding, and finally, the parts of the two workpieces 48 with the largest linear speed on the grinding ball 13 are subjected to polishing and grinding.

In the process of polishing two workpieces 48 simultaneously, along with the swinging of the rotating pin B17 under the driving of the clamping mechanism 27 by the workpieces 48, the two rotating bases A7 are kept to be positioned at the middle positions of the upper end and the lower end of the grinding ball 13 all the time, and in the process of polishing the two workpieces 48, the two clamping mechanisms 27 drive the two workpieces 48 to be distributed at 180 degrees circumferentially intervals all the time, so that the low pressure of the two workpieces 48 to the grinding ball 13 counteracts each other, the roller 8 on the two rotating bases A7 is basically not subjected to larger acting force, and the roller 8 is protected to reduce abrasion.

In summary, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the invention, the frosting with different roughness is arranged at different positions of the rotating linear speed according to the different rotating linear speeds of the rotating grinding ball 13 along the rotating axis direction, and the frosting with smaller roughness is arranged at the position with larger speed, so that the surface of the same workpiece 48 at different positions can be ground with the precision from thick to thin through one grinding ball 13, the grinding part of the grinding machine is not required to be replaced, the part loss cost of the workpiece 48 and the whole equipment cost for controlling the grinding speed are reduced, and the grinding efficiency is effectively improved.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a universal grinder which characterized in that: the grinding ball clamping device comprises a bracket A, a bracket B, a motor A, a swivel seat A, a motor B, grinding balls and a clamping mechanism, wherein two arc swivel seats A which are circumferentially spaced 180 degrees are arranged on a square bracket B which is driven by the motor A to rotate around a horizontal axis in the bracket A, and the axes of the two swivel seats A are overlapped with the rotation axis of the bracket B; a grinding ball driven by a motor B is rotated between the two rotary bases A along the axis of the rotary bases A; the surface of the grinding ball is provided with frosted surface, and the frosted roughness gradually increases from the middle part to two sides along the rotation axis direction of the grinding ball; two groups of brackets C driven by two motors C to swing around the vertical axis of the grinding ball are respectively provided with a clamping mechanism for driving the shaft workpieces to move along the radial direction of the grinding ball and driving the shaft workpieces to rotate.

2. A universal grinder as defined in claim 1, wherein: two rotating pins A which are rotationally matched with the circular grooves on the bracket A are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the bracket B; and a worm A which is arranged on the bracket A and is in transmission connection with the output shaft of the motor A is meshed with the turbine A on the rotary pin A.

3. A universal grinder as defined in claim 1, wherein: two pairs of rollers which are matched with the two annular grooves A on the grinding ball in a one-to-one correspondence manner and two gears A which are meshed with the annular gear of the annular groove B on the grinding ball and driven by the motor B are symmetrically arranged on the intrados of the rotary seat A.

4. A universal grinder as defined in claim 3, wherein: the rollers are radially abutted against the grinding balls in the corresponding annular grooves A.

5. A universal grinder as defined in claim 3, wherein: the two gears A are meshed with a gear B arranged on the rotary seat A, and the gear B is meshed with a gear C on an output shaft of the motor B.

6. A universal grinder as defined in claim 1, wherein: both ends of the two groups of brackets C are provided with rotating sleeves A which are in rotary fit with rotating pins B on the brackets A; and a gear D is arranged on one rotating sleeve A of each group of brackets C, the gear D is meshed with a gear E arranged on the bracket A, a gear F on the shaft where the gear E is positioned is meshed with a gear G arranged on the bracket A, a turbine B on the shaft where the gear G is positioned is meshed with a worm B arranged on the bracket A, and the worm B is in transmission connection with an output shaft of a corresponding motor C.

7. A universal grinder as defined in claim 1, wherein: the clamping mechanism comprises a guide seat A, a motor D, a slide seat A, a guide seat B, a slide seat B, a motor E, a loop sleeve A, a rotating sleeve B, a motor F, a chuck, a loop sleeve B, a push rod, a rotating seat B and a top seat, wherein the guide seat A arranged on a corresponding group of brackets C horizontally slides with the slide seat A driven by the motor D, and the guide seat B arranged on the slide seat A radially slides with the slide seat B driven by the motor E along a grinding ball; two cantilevers are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the sliding seat B; one cantilever end is provided with a loop A, and the other cantilever end is provided with a loop B which is coaxial with the loop A; a rotating sleeve B driven by a motor F is rotatably matched with the ring sleeve A; the coaxial line chuck for clamping the shaft workpiece is arranged on the rotating sleeve B; the tail end of the ejector rod axially and horizontally sliding in the annular sleeve B is provided with a rotary seat B, and the rotary seat B is rotationally matched with a top seat matched with the tail end of the shaft workpiece; the ring sleeve B is provided with a structure for locking the ejector rod.

8. A universal grinder as defined in claim 7, wherein: and a fastening bolt matched with the ejector rod is screwed in the threaded hole on the wall surface of the annular sleeve B.

9. A universal grinder as defined in claim 7, wherein: the guide seat A is rotationally matched with a screw rod A which is in transmission connection with the output shaft of the motor D and is in threaded fit with the slide seat A; the guide seat B is rotatably matched with a screw rod B which is in transmission connection with the output shaft of the motor E and is in threaded fit with the slide seat B.

10. A universal grinder as defined in claim 7, wherein: the rotating sleeve B is provided with a gear H, and the gear H is meshed with a gear I on an output shaft of the motor F on the annular sleeve A.