CN117323345A - Application of isatis root polysaccharide - Google Patents
Application of isatis root polysaccharide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117323345A CN117323345A CN202311307351.2A CN202311307351A CN117323345A CN 117323345 A CN117323345 A CN 117323345A CN 202311307351 A CN202311307351 A CN 202311307351A CN 117323345 A CN117323345 A CN 117323345A
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- Prior art keywords
- piglets
- isatis root
- polysaccharide
- intestinal
- feed
- Prior art date
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- Pending
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
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- A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
- A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0003—General processes for their isolation or fractionation, e.g. purification or extraction from biomass
Landscapes
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses application of isatis root polysaccharide, and belongs to the technical field of livestock cultivation. The application of the isatis root polysaccharide provided by the invention is that the isatis root polysaccharide is used for improving the intestinal health of piglets and/or improving the immune function of the piglets. The isatis root crude polysaccharide is used for improving the intestinal health of piglets and/or improving the immune function of the piglets, so that the intestinal injury and the low immune function caused by early weaning of the piglets can be improved, diarrhea can be reduced, the production performance of the piglets can be improved, the organism immunity of the piglets can be improved, the incidence rate of intestinal diseases of the piglets can be effectively reduced, and the dosage for clinical treatment can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding, and particularly relates to application of isatis root polysaccharide.
Background
The piglet breeding is a vital link in the pig production, and the production performance of the piglet stage directly influences the indexes such as the pig out-of-stock time, the pig out-of-stock rate, the pig out-of-stock weight and the like, thereby influencing the production benefit of the whole pig breeding. With the continuous improvement of the production level of live pigs, the current large-scale pig farm weans piglets usually at 3-4 weeks of age, and the gastrointestinal tract development of the piglets at this stage is imperfect, and the digestive gland function is not sound, which is mainly manifested by atrophy of intestinal villi and hyperplasia of crypt, gastric acid secretion is insufficient, and digestive enzyme zymogen cannot be fully activated; and the immune system is underdeveloped, the maternal antibodies subside. Therefore, the weaned pigs have low digestion degree of the feed and poor resistance to pathogenic bacteria, often accompanied with symptoms such as diarrhea, slow growth and the like, and seriously influence the breeding benefit.
After the weaned piglets are bred, how to improve the health problems of intestinal tracts, immunity and the like of the weaned piglets is greatly demanded in the actual breeding industry, at present, the improvement of the health of livestock by adopting traditional Chinese medicine resources is one of research hotspots, and single traditional Chinese medicines (such as isatis root powder), compound traditional Chinese medicines (such as modified four-way decoction) and traditional Chinese medicine extracts (astragalus polysaccharide) are used in the feed in the prior report, so that the effects of reducing the diarrhea rate of the piglets and improving the immunity are exerted. However, the use method of the feed additives is complex in preparation and high in cost, the raising cost of live pigs can be increased, and the feed additives are difficult to popularize in a large range.
Plant polysaccharide is a main component of radix isatidis since the forbid of feed, has various biological effects such as antioxidation, bacteriostasis, antivirus, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and immunoregulation, and the like, has been largely verified in model animals and in vitro experiments, is a potential functional feed additive component, but has few researches to investigate the influence of radix isatidis polysaccharide on the intestinal health and the immune function of weaned pigs. Therefore, the study of the probiotic effect of the isatis root polysaccharide on the intestinal health and the immune function of weaned pigs has important significance for the efficient breeding of weaned pigs and the development of isatis root resources.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems of the prior art, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide application of isatis root polysaccharide, which can be used for improving intestinal health of piglets and improving immune function of piglets.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the isatis root crude polysaccharide.
The invention further aims at providing a piglet feed.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the first aspect of the invention provides application of the isatis root polysaccharide, wherein the application is that the isatis root polysaccharide is used for improving intestinal health of piglets and/or improving immune functions of the piglets.
The second aspect of the invention provides application of radix isatidis crude polysaccharide in improving intestinal health of piglets and/or improving immune function of piglets, wherein the radix isatidis crude polysaccharide comprises radix isatidis polysaccharide and is prepared by a plate Lan Gentong water extraction and alcohol precipitation process.
The isatis root polysaccharide according to the second aspect of the present invention is isatis root polysaccharide in the application according to the first aspect of the present invention.
Preferably, the isatis root crude polysaccharide is prepared by a preparation method comprising the following steps: mixing radix Isatidis with water, decocting, separating to obtain extractive solution, mixing the extractive solution with ethanol, separating to obtain precipitate, and drying to obtain radix Isatidis crude polysaccharide.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the isatis root crude polysaccharide, the water is distilled water or deionized water.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the isatis root crude polysaccharide, the temperature of the decoction is 80-100 ℃.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the isatis root crude polysaccharide, the times of decoction are 1-3 times; further preferably 2 times.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the isatis root crude polysaccharide, when the number of times of decoction is 2, the 1 st time of decoction is 1.5-3 h, and the 2 nd time of decoction is 0.5-1.5 h. When the decoction times are more than 1 time, the decoction needs to be filtered respectively, and the filtrates are combined and then subjected to subsequent operation.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the isatis root crude polysaccharide, the step of concentrating the extracting solution is further included before the extracting solution is mixed with ethanol; further preferably, the extract is concentrated to a relative density of 1 to 1.5 at 50 ℃; more preferably 1.1 to 1.3.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the isatis root crude polysaccharide, the mass ratio of the isatis root to water is 1: (5-10); further preferably, when the number of times of decoction is 2, the mass ratio of the 1 st time of decoction of the isatis root to water is 1: (7-10), the mass ratio of the 2 nd decoction of the isatis root to the water is 1: (5-7).
Preferably, in the preparation method of the isatis root crude polysaccharide, the volume ratio of the extracting solution to the ethanol is 1: (1-2); further preferably 1: (1.5-1.8). That is, it is necessary to make the volume percentage of ethanol in the system 50% or more, preferably 60 to 65%.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the isatis root crude polysaccharide, the step of standing is further included after the extracting solution is mixed with ethanol; further preferably, the time of the standing is 8 to 24 hours.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the isatis root crude polysaccharide, the drying is performed until the water content is less than or equal to 10wt%.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the isatis root crude polysaccharide, the step of crushing is further included after the drying; further preferably, the pulverization is carried out to a particle size of 20 mesh or less.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the yield of the isatis root crude polysaccharide obtained by the preparation method is 5-10%.
Preferably, in the application of the isatis root crude polysaccharide, the isatis root polysaccharide mass content in the isatis root crude polysaccharide is 55-70%; more preferably 60 to 65%.
Preferably, in the application of the isatis root crude polysaccharide, the isatis root crude polysaccharide also contains at least one of protein, alkaloid or nucleotide; further preferably, the crude isatis root polysaccharide further contains at least one of protein, (R, S) -epigoitrin, adenosine, uridine or guanosine.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the isatis root crude polysaccharide contains other active components such as proteins, small molecular compounds (such as (R, S) -epigoitrin, adenosine, uridine, guanosine and the like) and the like besides the isatis root polysaccharide as main components, has complex component types, and can effectively improve the intestinal health of piglets and improve the immune function of the piglets by the synergistic action of the polysaccharide and the other active components.
Preferably, in the application of the isatis root crude polysaccharide, the improvement of piglet intestinal health comprises at least one of the following characteristics:
1) The ratio of the intestinal villus height to the crypt depth of the piglets is improved to be more than 1.5;
2) The number of goblet cells on each intestinal villus of the intestinal tracts of the piglets is increased to more than 15;
3) Reducing the relative expression quantity of intestinal tissue cytokine IL-1 of piglets to below 1.5;
4) The relative expression quantity of the intestinal tissue cytokine IL-10 of the piglets is improved to more than 1.5;
5) Improving the relative expression quantity of intestinal tissue barrier factor ZO-1 of piglets to more than 1;
6) The relative expression quantity of the intestinal tissue barrier factor Occludin of the piglets is improved to more than 1.
Further preferably, in the application of the isatis root crude polysaccharide, the improvement of intestinal health of piglets comprises the following characteristics:
1) The ratio of the intestinal villus height to the crypt depth of the piglets is improved to be more than 1.5;
2) The number of goblet cells on each intestinal villus of the intestinal tracts of the piglets is increased to more than 15;
3) Reducing the relative expression quantity of intestinal tissue cytokine IL-1 of piglets to below 1.5;
4) The relative expression quantity of the intestinal tissue cytokine IL-10 of the piglets is improved to more than 1.5;
5) Improving the relative expression quantity of intestinal tissue barrier factor ZO-1 of piglets to more than 1;
6) The relative expression quantity of the intestinal tissue barrier factor Occludin of the piglets is improved to more than 1.
Preferably, in the application of the isatis root crude polysaccharide, the improvement of piglet immune function comprises at least one of the following characteristics:
1) Improving the serum IgM content of piglets to more than 15 mg/mL;
2) The serum IgG content of the piglets is improved to be more than 19 mg/mL;
3) Increasing the serum IgA content of piglets to more than 50 mug/mL;
4) The content of SIgA in the ileum content of the piglets is improved to more than 4 mug/mL.
Further preferably, in the application of the isatis root crude polysaccharide, the improvement of piglet immune function comprises at least one of the following characteristics:
1) Improving the serum IgM content of piglets to more than 15 mg/mL;
2) The serum IgG content of the piglets is improved to be more than 19 mg/mL;
3) Increasing the serum IgA content of piglets to more than 50 mug/mL;
4) The content of SIgA in the ileum content of the piglets is improved to more than 4 mug/mL.
In a third aspect the invention provides a piglet feed comprising a basal ration and a crude isatis root polysaccharide.
In the piglet feed according to the third aspect of the invention, the isatis root crude polysaccharide is isatis root crude polysaccharide in the application according to the second aspect of the invention.
Preferably, the mass percentage of the isatis root crude polysaccharide in the piglet feed is 0.05-1.2%; more preferably 0.1 to 1%; more preferably 0.2 to 0.5%.
Preferably, in the piglet feed, the basic ration is selected from complete compound feed; further preferably, the complete formula feed comprises corn, soybean meal, grease, sugar, amino acids, minerals and premix; still more preferably, the base ration comprises corn, soybean meal, soybean oil, glucose, sucrose, stone dust, dibasic calcium phosphate, sodium chloride, citric acid, choline chloride, lysine, methionine, threonine, and a premix; more preferably, the base ration comprises the following components in parts by mass: 53 to 57 parts of corn, 30 to 32 parts of bean pulp, 4 to 6 parts of soybean oil, 1 to 3 parts of glucose, 2 to 4 parts of sucrose, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of stone powder, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.1 to 0.5 part of sodium chloride, 0.5 to 1 part of citric acid, 0.05 to 0.15 part of choline chloride, 0.15 to 0.2 part of lysine, 0.1 to 0.15 part of methionine, 0.1 to 0.15 part of threonine and 0.5 to 1.5 parts of premix.
Preferably, the premix comprises the following components: cu, fe, zn, mn, I, se, VA, VB1, VB2, VB6, VB12, VC, VD3, 25-OH-D3, VE, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid, folic acid and biotin; further preferably, the premix comprises the following components in parts by mass: 120 to 130 parts of Cu, 100 to 110 parts of Fe, 100 to 110 parts of Zn,17 to 18 parts of Mn,0.1 to 0.2 part of I,0.1 to 0.2 part of Se, 2 to 3 parts of VA, 1.5 to 2 parts of VB1,4 to 5 parts of VB2,4 to 5 parts of VB6,0.02 to 0.03 part of VB12, 140 to 160 parts of VC, 0.02 to 0.03 part of VD3,0.02 to 0.03 part of 25-OH-D3, 110 to 130 parts of VE,12 to 13 parts of pantothenic acid, 20 to 30 parts of nicotinic acid, 0.8 to 0.9 part of folic acid and 130 to 140 parts of biotin.
Preferably, in the piglet feed, the feed is divided into a first dose of group feed, a second dose of group feed, a third dose of group feed and a fourth dose of group feed; in the first dose of group feed, the mass percentage of the isatis root crude polysaccharide is less than 0.05 percent and less than 0.15 percent; in the second dose of group feed, the mass percentage of the isatis root crude polysaccharide is less than 0.15% and less than 0.4%; in the third dose of group feed, the mass percentage of the isatis root crude polysaccharide is more than or equal to 0.4% and less than 0.8%; in the fourth dose of group feed, the mass percentage of the isatis root crude polysaccharide is more than or equal to 0.8% and less than or equal to 1.2%.
Preferably, the piglet feed is applied to improve the intestinal health of piglets and/or improve the immune function of piglets.
Preferably, the improvement of intestinal health of piglets comprises at least one of the following features:
1) The ratio of the intestinal villus height to the crypt depth of the piglets is improved to be more than 1.5;
2) The number of goblet cells on each intestinal villus of the intestinal tracts of the piglets is increased to more than 15;
3) Reducing the relative expression quantity of intestinal tissue cytokine IL-1 of piglets to below 1.5;
4) The relative expression quantity of the intestinal tissue cytokine IL-10 of the piglets is improved to more than 1.5;
5) Improving the relative expression quantity of intestinal tissue barrier factor ZO-1 of piglets to more than 1;
6) The relative expression quantity of the intestinal tissue barrier factor Occludin of the piglets is improved to more than 1.
Preferably, when the piglet feed is applied to raise the ratio of intestinal villi height to crypt depth of piglets above 1.5, the feed is selected from a first dose of group feed, a second dose of group feed, a third dose of group feed or a fourth dose of group feed; further preferred is a third dose of group feed.
Preferably, when the piglet feed is applied to increase the number of goblet cells per intestinal villus of the piglet to more than 15, the feed is selected from a first dose of group feed, a second dose of group feed, a third dose of group feed or a fourth dose of group feed; further preferred is a third dose of group feed.
Preferably, when the piglet feed is applied to reduce the relative expression amount of the intestinal cytokine IL-1 of the piglets to 1.5 or less, the feed is selected from the group consisting of a first dose of group feed, a second dose of group feed, a third dose of group feed, or a fourth dose of group feed; further preferably, when the intestinal cytokine IL-1 is jejunal intestinal cytokine IL-1, the feed is selected from the group consisting of a second dose of group feed or a third dose of group feed, and when the intestinal cytokine IL-1 is ileal intestinal cytokine IL-1, the feed is selected from the group consisting of a second dose of group feed or a fourth dose of group feed.
Preferably, when the piglet feed is applied to increase the relative expression amount of the intestinal cytokine IL-10 of the piglets to 1.5 or more, the feed is selected from the group consisting of a first dose of group feed, a second dose of group feed, a third dose of group feed, and a fourth dose of group feed; further preferably, when the intestinal cytokine IL-10 is jejunal intestinal cytokine IL-10, the feed is selected from the group consisting of a second dose of group feed or a fourth dose of group feed, and when the intestinal cytokine IL-10 is ileal intestinal cytokine IL-10, the feed is selected from the group consisting of a second dose of group feed or a third dose of group feed.
Preferably, when the piglet feed is applied to increase the relative expression amount of the intestinal barrier factor ZO-1 of the piglets to 1 or more, the feed is selected from the group consisting of a first dose of group feed, a second dose of group feed, a third dose of group feed, and a fourth dose of group feed; further preferably, when the intestinal barrier factor ZO-1 is jejunal intestinal barrier factor ZO-1, the feed is selected from a second dose group feed or a fourth dose group feed, and when the intestinal barrier factor ZO-1 is ileal intestinal barrier factor ZO-1, the feed is selected from a third dose group feed.
Preferably, when the piglet feed is applied to increase the relative expression amount of intestinal barrier factor Occludin of piglets to 1 or more, the feed is selected from a first dose group feed, a second dose group feed, a third dose group feed or a fourth dose group feed; further preferably, when the intestinal barrier factor Occludin is jejunal intestinal barrier factor Occludin, the feed is selected from a second dose group feed or a fourth dose group feed, and when the intestinal barrier factor Occludin is ileal intestinal barrier factor Occludin, the feed is selected from a second dose group feed or a third dose group feed.
Preferably, in the application of the isatis root crude polysaccharide, the improvement of piglet immune function comprises at least one of the following characteristics:
1) Improving the serum IgM content of piglets to more than 15 mg/mL;
2) The serum IgG content of the piglets is improved to be more than 19 mg/mL;
3) Increasing the serum IgA content of piglets to more than 50 mug/mL;
4) The content of SIgA in the ileum content of the piglets is improved to more than 4 mug/mL.
Preferably, when the piglet feed is applied to raise the serum IgM content of piglets above 15mg/m L, the feed is selected from a first dose of group feed, a second dose of group feed, a third dose of group feed or a fourth dose of group feed; further preferred is a fourth dose of group feed.
Preferably, when the piglet feed is applied to raise the serum IgG content of piglets above 19mg/mL, the feed is selected from a first dose of group feed, a second dose of group feed, a third dose of group feed or a fourth dose of group feed; further preferred is a third dose of group feed or a fourth dose of group feed.
Preferably, when the piglet feed is applied to raise the serum IgA content of the piglets above 50 μg/mL, the feed is selected from a first dose of group feed, a second dose of group feed, a third dose of group feed or a fourth dose of group feed; further preferred is a third dose of group feed or a fourth dose of group feed.
Preferably, when the piglet feed is applied to raise the ileal content SIgA content of piglets above 4 μg/mL, the feed is selected from a first dose group feed, a second dose group feed or a third dose group feed; further preferred is a second dose of group feed.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the isatis root polysaccharide is used for improving the intestinal health of piglets and/or improving the immune function of the piglets, so that the intestinal injury and the low immune function caused by early weaning of the piglets can be improved, diarrhea can be reduced, the production performance of the piglets can be improved, the organism immunity of the piglets can be improved, the incidence rate of intestinal diseases of the piglets can be effectively reduced, and the dosage of clinical treatment can be reduced.
Specifically, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the isatis root crude polysaccharide prepared by the specific preparation method is used as a functional feed additive to be supplemented into the weaned piglet complete compound feed, and can obviously improve the intestinal health of piglets and improve the immunity of the piglets without adding antibiotics, and the preparation method is characterized in that: significantly reducing diarrhea scores of weaned pigs; the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A content (IgA) of the weaned pigs are obviously improved, and the secretory immunoglobulin A content (SIgA) of the ileum content of the weaned pigs is obviously improved; the jejunum villus height and the ratio of the jejunum height to the crypt depth of the weaned pigs are obviously improved, and the jejunum crypt depth is obviously reduced; obviously reducing the ileum crypt depth of weaned pigs and obviously improving the ratio of the villus height to the crypt depth; the number of the villus goblet cells of jejunum and ileum of weaned pigs is obviously increased; the relative expression quantity of the gene mRNA related to the pro-inflammatory factors of jejunum and ileum tissues of weaned pigs is obviously reduced, and the relative expression quantity of the gene mRNA related to the anti-inflammatory factors is obviously improved; the relative expression level of the jejunum and ileum barrier protein related gene mRNA of the weaned pigs is obviously improved.
2. The invention can promote the development and utilization of isatis root polysaccharide, improve the health condition of weaned pigs, reduce the morbidity and reduce the dosage of antibiotics for clinical treatment. The piglet feed provided by the invention can solve the health problem of weaned piglets without resistance, and remarkably improves the breeding benefit.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. It is also to be understood that the following examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, since various modifications and adaptations may be made by those skilled in the art in light of the teachings herein. The specific process parameters and the like described below are also merely examples of suitable ranges, i.e., one skilled in the art can make a selection within the suitable ranges by the description herein and are not intended to be limited to the specific data described below. The starting materials, reagents or apparatus used in the following examples and comparative examples were obtained from conventional commercial sources or by known methods unless otherwise specified.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the isatis root crude polysaccharide is prepared by a plate Lan Gentong water extraction and alcohol precipitation process; in a specific embodiment of the invention, the isatis root crude polysaccharide is prepared by a preparation method comprising the following steps:
(1) Decocting radix Isatidis in drinking water with proper ratio, filtering decoction, mixing filtrates, and concentrating to obtain fluid extract with relative density of about 1.20 (50deg.C);
(2) Adding ethanol into the fluid extract to make the ethanol content reach 60%, standing to precipitate;
(3) Filtering to obtain precipitate, oven drying, and pulverizing.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the yield of the isatis root crude polysaccharide obtained by the preparation method is 5-10%.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the mass content of the isatis root polysaccharide in the isatis root crude polysaccharide obtained by adopting the preparation method disclosed by the invention is 60-65%.
Example 1
The example provides a preparation method comprising the following steps of:
the isatis root crude polysaccharide is obtained and provided by Guangzhou white cloud mountain and Chinese medicine Limited company in the actual production process of isatis root particles, and the specific preparation process comprises the following steps: taking 1120kg of isatis root in each batch, decocting with water twice for 2 hours for the first time, adding 8 times of water for 1 hour for the second time, adding 6 times of water for the second time, decocting at 80-100 ℃, filtering decoction, merging filtrate, concentrating to obtain clear paste with the relative density of about 1.20 (50 ℃), adding ethanol to ensure that the alcohol content reaches 60vv%, standing for 12 hours to ensure that the clear paste is precipitated, filtering to obtain precipitate, using supernatant to prepare isatis root particles, drying the precipitate until the water content is lower than 10wt%, crushing, sieving with a 20-mesh sieve to obtain the isatis root crude polysaccharide, wherein the yield is about 5-10%, and adding the isatis root crude polysaccharide into daily ration to be used for feeding piglets.
Taking 3 batches of the isatis root crude polysaccharide, and measuring the polysaccharide content by adopting an anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetric method, wherein the detection method comprises the following steps of: (1) preparing anthrone reagent, glucose standard solution and the like; (2) Preparing a blank solution and a series of glucose solutions with different concentrations, rapidly measuring the absorbance value of each tube solution at the wavelength of 625nm, and drawing a standard curve; (3) And (3) accurately sucking 2mL of a sample into test tubes by using an aqueous solution, adjusting the concentration of the sample to be proper, immediately adding 6mL of an anthrone reagent into each test tube, shaking and uniformly shaking, heating in a water bath for 15min, cooling in an ice water bath for 15min, rapidly measuring the absorbance value of each tube solution at a wavelength of 625nm, repeating each sample twice, and calculating the polysaccharide content according to a glucose standard curve.
The mass contents of the isatis root polysaccharide of 3 batches of isatis root crude polysaccharide are respectively 60%, 64% and 61%.
The precipitation product (i.e. crude polysaccharide of radix Isatidis) obtained in this example contains proteins and some small molecular compounds (such as (R, S) -epigoitrin, adenosine, uridine, guanosine, etc.) besides the main component polysaccharide, and has complex components.
Example 2
The example provides a piglet feed, which comprises the isatis root crude polysaccharide and basic ration prepared in the example 1, wherein the isatis root crude polysaccharide is added into the basic ration of weaned piglets in a mass percentage of 0.1%; the mass content of the isatis root polysaccharide of the isatis root crude polysaccharide is 60%.
The basic ration of the weaned pigs is selected from complete compound feed, and specifically comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 55% of corn, 31% of soybean meal, 5% of soybean oil, 2% of glucose, 3% of sucrose, 1% of stone powder, 0.9% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3% of sodium chloride, 0.8% of citric acid, 0.1% of choline chloride, 0.18% of lysine, 0.12% of methionine, 0.12% of threonine and 1.0% of premix;
the premix comprises the following components: each kilogram of complete compound feed contains: 126.00mgCu,102.00mgFe,106.50mgZn,17.70mgMn,0.18mgI,0.14mgSe,8000UVA,1.8mgVB1,4.4mgVB2,4.4mgVB6,0.025mgVB12, 150.00mgVC,1000.00UVD3,0.025mg25-OH-D3, 120.00mg VE,12.40mg pantothenic acid, 25.00mg nicotinamide, 0.88mg folic acid, 132.00mg biotin.
Example 3
The example provides a piglet feed, which comprises the isatis root crude polysaccharide and basic ration prepared in the example 1, wherein the isatis root crude polysaccharide is added into the basic ration of weaned piglets in a mass percentage of 0.2%; the mass content of the isatis root polysaccharide of the isatis root crude polysaccharide is 60%.
The basic ration of the weaned pigs is selected from complete compound feed, and specifically comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 55% of corn, 31% of soybean meal, 5% of soybean oil, 2% of glucose, 3% of sucrose, 1% of stone powder, 0.9% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3% of sodium chloride, 0.8% of citric acid, 0.1% of choline chloride, 0.18% of lysine, 0.12% of methionine, 0.12% of threonine and 1.0% of premix;
the premix comprises the following components: each kilogram of complete compound feed contains: 126.00mgCu,102.00mgFe,106.50mgZn,17.70mgMn,0.18mgI,0.14mgSe,8000UVA,1.8mgVB1,4.4mgVB2,4.4mgVB6,0.025mgVB12, 150.00mgVC,1000.00UVD3,0.025mg25-OH-D3, 120.00mg VE,12.40mg pantothenic acid, 25.00mg nicotinamide, 0.88mg folic acid, 132.00mg biotin.
Example 4
The example provides a piglet feed, which comprises the isatis root crude polysaccharide and basic ration prepared in the example 1, wherein the isatis root crude polysaccharide is added into the basic ration of weaned piglets in a mass percentage of 0.5%; the mass content of the isatis root polysaccharide of the isatis root crude polysaccharide is 60%.
The basic ration of the weaned pigs is selected from complete compound feed, and specifically comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 55% of corn, 31% of soybean meal, 5% of soybean oil, 2% of glucose, 3% of sucrose, 1% of stone powder, 0.9% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3% of sodium chloride, 0.8% of citric acid, 0.1% of choline chloride, 0.18% of lysine, 0.12% of methionine, 0.12% of threonine and 1.0% of premix;
the premix comprises the following components: each kilogram of complete compound feed contains: 126.00mgCu,102.00mgFe,106.50mgZn,17.70mgMn,0.18mgI,0.14mgSe,8000UVA,1.8mgVB1,4.4mgVB2,4.4mgVB6,0.025mgVB12, 150.00mgVC,1000.00UVD3,0.025mg25-OH-D3, 120.00mg VE,12.40mg pantothenic acid, 25.00mg nicotinamide, 0.88mg folic acid, 132.00mg biotin.
Example 5
The example provides a piglet feed, which comprises the isatis root crude polysaccharide and basic ration prepared in the example 1, wherein the isatis root crude polysaccharide is added into the basic ration of weaned piglets in percentage by mass of 1.0%; the mass content of the isatis root polysaccharide of the isatis root crude polysaccharide is 60%.
The basic ration of the weaned pigs is selected from complete compound feed, and specifically comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 55% of corn, 31% of soybean meal, 5% of soybean oil, 2% of glucose, 3% of sucrose, 1% of stone powder, 0.9% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3% of sodium chloride, 0.8% of citric acid, 0.1% of choline chloride, 0.18% of lysine, 0.12% of methionine, 0.12% of threonine and 1.0% of premix;
the premix comprises the following components: each kilogram of complete compound feed contains: 126.00mgCu,102.00mgFe,106.50mgZn,17.70mgMn,0.18mgI,0.14mgSe,8000UVA,1.8mgVB1,4.4mgVB2,4.4mgVB6,0.025mgVB12, 150.00mgVC,1000.00UVD3,0.025mg25-OH-D3, 120.00mg VE,12.40mg pantothenic acid, 25.00mg nicotinamide, 0.88mg folic acid, 132.00mg biotin.
Experimental example
The test adopts a single-factor completely random test design, 50 weaned pigs with 21 days of age, which have consistent genetic background, good health condition and similar weight are selected, and are randomly divided into 5 groups of treatment, wherein 10 pigs are treated in each group, and 1 pig is repeated each time. The control group was fed with basic ration for weaned pigs, the test groups 1-4 were fed with the feeds prepared in examples 2-5, respectively, and the test was continued for 21 days.
1. Sample collection
At the end of the experiment, all piglets were collected from the anterior vena cava using a 10ml common blood collection tube, left at room temperature for 20min, and then centrifuged at 3500rpm for 10min. The supernatant serum was collected in sterile freezer tubes, stored in liquid nitrogen, and then stored at-80 ℃. The abdominal cavity was then opened to separate the viscera and the intestinal tract after anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital and then sacrificed by exsanguination. 2 pieces of 2cm intestinal tissue were taken from the anterior jejunum and posterior ileum, of which 1 was placed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution for subsequent histological analysis and the other was rapidly washed with physiological saline, placed in 2ml sterile cryopreservation tubes and stored in liquid nitrogen. The intestinal tract of 10cm is selected from the anterior segment of colon, the two ends are tied by a rope, a small opening is opened by a surgical knife, the content of the intestinal tract is filled into a 2ml sterile freezing tube, and the liquid nitrogen is used for preservation. Furthermore, the ileal chyme was collected in 2ml sterile cryopreservation tubes and stored in liquid nitrogen.
2. Measurement index and method
2.1 growth Properties
The fasting weight of the piglets was weighed at the beginning and end of the formal test, the feed supply and the residual amount were collected and recorded daily, and the average daily feed intake (kg/d), average daily weight gain (kg/d) and the feed weight ratio (average daily feed intake/average daily weight gain) were calculated.
2.2 diarrhea scoring
15 per day: and (5) observing diarrhea of the piglets to score the diarrhea, and cleaning the house after scoring is finished. The fecal scoring criteria were: 1: solid hard feces; 2: slightly floppy stool; 3: soft stool and partial shaping; 4: semi-liquid feces; 5: separating manure from water, and performing water sample and non-forming.
2.3 immunoglobulin content
Serum immunoglobulin a (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM) content and ileum content secretory immunoglobulin a (SIgA) content were determined using ELISA kits, all detection steps being performed according to the kit instructions.
2.4 intestinal morphology
The duodenum, jejunum and ileum tissue samples fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution were removed and paraffin sections were made by dehydration, transparency and embedding to a section thickness of 5 μm. Subsequently hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) was performed separately, followed by air drying, and after sealing, observation under a microscope was performed. At least 10 representative fields of view (clear and complete fluff, straight going) were selected on each HE slice, fluff height and crypt depth were measured using ImageJ software, and fluff height/crypt depth (V/C) values were calculated.
2.5 goblet cells
The tissue paraffin block was cut into pieces, dewaxed and rehydrated, stained according to the instructions of AB-PAS kit (Nanj institute of biological engineering, nanj, china), sealed with neutral resin, and finally observed and photographed with a Karl Zeiss microscopic imaging system. From each section 10 intact villi and crypts were selected for goblet cell counting and the results were expressed as the number of goblet cells in each villi.
2.6 detection of intestinal Barrier protein and inflammatory factor-related Gene expression
Intestinal tissue was frozen and ground in liquid nitrogen. Total RNA was extracted using RNAiso Plus (TaKaRa, dalian China) followed by PrimeScript TM RT gDNAEras kit (TaKaRa, dalian, china) for reverse transcription. Then at the LightCycler 480SysteUse of TB in mIIFast qPCR Mix performs PCR amplification, using beta-actin as an internal reference, and measuring mRNA relative expression amounts of interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), zonulin-1 (ZO-1), transmembrane protein (Claudin) and occludin-1 (Claudin-1) by using a 2-delta Ct method. The primer sequences are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 primer sequences
2.7 data statistics and analysis
Test data were first sorted using Excel 2019, then analyzed for one-way variance using the ANOVA program in SPSS26.0 statistical software, and multiple comparisons were performed using the Duncan's method, with results expressed as "mean ± standard deviation". P <0.01 is very significant, P <0.05 is significant, and 0.05< P <0.10 is significant.
3. Test results
3.1 Effect of Isatis root polysaccharide on weaned piglet growth Property and diarrhea scoring
As can be seen from table 2, the average feed intake, average daily gain, feed-to-meat ratio, average final weight effect of the isatis root crude polysaccharide on weaned pigs were insignificant (P > 0.05) compared to the control group, but the isatis root crude polysaccharide significantly reduced the diarrhea score of piglets (P < 0.05) and had a significant linear and quadratic relationship with the dose (P < 0.05), with 0.2% of the additive amount being the best.
TABLE 2 influence of Isatis root crude polysaccharide on growth Properties of weaned pigs
Note that: in tables 2-7, no identical letter in the shoulder marks between the same row of data indicates that the difference between the two groups is significant (P < 0.05), and no shoulder marks or shoulder marks contain identical letters indicating that the difference between the two groups is not significant (P > 0.05).
3.2 Effect of Isatis root polysaccharide on serum and ileal content immunoglobulin content of weaned piglets
From table 3, it can be seen that the addition of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 1% of the crude isatis root polysaccharide significantly increases the serum IgG and IgA content of weaned pigs, and shows a significant linear and quadratic dose relationship (P < 0.05), with a tendency to increase IgM content (0.05 < P < 0.10). 0.2% of isatis root crude polysaccharide significantly increases the content of SIgA in the ileal content of weaned pigs (P < 0.05).
TABLE 3 influence of Isatis root crude polysaccharide on serum Immunity index of weaned pigs
3.3 Effect of Isatis root polysaccharide on intestinal morphology of weaned piglets
As can be seen from table 4, compared with the control group, the addition of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 1.0% of the isatis root crude polysaccharide to the ration of weaned pigs significantly increases the villus height (P < 0.05) of jejunum and ileum of weaned pigs, significantly decreases the crypt depth (P < 0.05), significantly increases the villus height/crypt depth (P < 0.05), wherein the addition of 0.5% is optimal.
TABLE 4 influence of Isatis root crude polysaccharide on intestinal morphology of weaned pigs
3.4 Effect of Isatis root polysaccharide on the number of goblet cells in the intestinal tract of weaned pigs
As shown in table 5, the crude isatis polysaccharides at 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 1.0% significantly increased the number of jejunal and ileal goblet cells in weaned pigs (P < 0.05) compared to the control group, and showed a significant linear and quadratic dose relationship.
TABLE 5 influence of Isatis root crude polysaccharide on proliferation of intestinal goblet cells in weaned pigs
3.5 Effect of Isatis root polysaccharide on expression of genes related to intestinal inflammation in weaned piglets
As shown in table 6, compared with the control group, 0.2% and 0.5% of the isatis root crude polysaccharide significantly reduced the relative expression level of jejunum IL-1 of weaned pigs (P < 0.05), and 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 1.0% of the isatis root crude polysaccharide significantly improved the relative expression level of jejunum IL-10 of weaned pigs (P < 0.05); the crude isatis root polysaccharide of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 1.0% obviously reduces the ileal IL-1 relative expression quantity (P < 0.05) of weaned pigs, and the crude isatis root polysaccharide of 0.2%, 0.5% and 1.0% obviously improves the jejunal IL-10 relative expression quantity (P < 0.05) of weaned pigs.
TABLE 6 influence of Isatis root crude polysaccharide on expression of genes related to intestinal inflammation in weaned pigs
3.6 Effect of Isatis root polysaccharide on expression of weaned piglet intestinal Barrier protein-related Gene
As shown in table 7, 0.2%, 0.5% and 1.0% of the crude isatis root polysaccharide significantly increased the relative expression level of jejunum Occludin of weaned pigs (P < 0.05), 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 1.0% of the crude isatis root polysaccharide significantly increased the relative expression level of jejunum Mucin2 of weaned pigs (P < 0.05) compared to the control group; the relative expression level of the ileum ZO-1 of the weaned pigs is obviously improved by 0.5 percent of the isatis root crude polysaccharide (P < 0.05), and the relative expression level of the ileum Occludin of the weaned pigs is obviously improved by 0.2 percent and 0.5 percent of the isatis root crude polysaccharide (P < 0.05).
TABLE 7 Effect of Isatis root crude polysaccharide on expression of weaned pig intestinal Barrier protein-related Gene
Comparative example
15 healthy Dux long x large weaned pigs with 21-day-old body conditions are selected and randomly divided into 3 groups (n=5), and the test period is 21 days. The control group is fed with basic ration of weaned pigs, and the test groups 1 and 2 respectively add radix isatidis medicinal materials with the mass percentage of 1% and 4% into the basic ration. The medicinal materials are crushed and pass through a 60-mesh sieve, the basic ration is prepared by referring to NRC2012, and the nutrition level meets the recommended amount of NRC. And observing the health condition of all pigs during the test period, and after the test is finished, collecting blood of all pigs, slaughtering, separating and collecting intestinal tissues, chyme and other samples for subsequent detection.
1. Detection method
1.1 growth Properties
The fasting weight of the piglets was weighed at the beginning and end of the formal test, the feed supply and the residual amount were collected and recorded daily, and the average daily feed intake (kg/d), average daily weight gain (kg/d) and the feed weight ratio (average daily feed intake/average daily weight gain) were calculated. 15 per day: the diarrhea condition of the piglets is observed to be scored by about 00, and the fecal scoring standard is as follows: 1: solid hard feces; 2: slightly floppy stool; 3: soft stool and partial shaping; 4: semi-liquid feces; 5: separating manure from water, and performing water sample and non-forming.
1.2 serum immune index
Serum IgA, igG, igM content was detected using an ELISA kit (Jiangsu enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).
1.3 intestinal morphology
The jejunum tissue sample fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution is taken out, and paraffin sections with the thickness of 5 μm are prepared through the steps of dehydration, transparency, embedding and the like. Subsequently hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) was performed separately, followed by air drying, and after sealing, observation under a microscope was performed. At least 10 representative fields of view (clear and complete, straight-going) were selected on each HE slice, and the pile height and crypt depth were measured using Image J software and pile height/crypt depth (V/C) values were calculated.
1.4 data statistics and analysis
Test data were first sorted using Excel 2019, then analyzed for one-way variance using the ANOVA program in SPSS26.0 statistical software, and T-test variance analysis, with results expressed as "mean ± standard deviation". P <0.01 is very significant, P <0.05 is significant, and 0.05< P <0.10 is significant.
2. Results
2.1 growth Properties
The growth performance is a traditional Chinese medicine index for evaluating the production efficiency of livestock and poultry, and higher average daily gain and lower feed conversion ratio are required in production, as shown in table 1, 1% and 4% of radix isatidis powder are added into weaned piglet feed to obviously reduce diarrhea score (P < 0.01) of piglets, but a larger amount (4%) of radix isatidis powder is added into weaned piglet feed to obviously reduce average daily gain (P < 0.05) of piglets. Comprehensive analysis shows that the addition of the radix isatidis powder can improve diarrhea of piglets, has no obvious influence on improving growth performance under certain addition amount, and can influence the growth performance if the radix isatidis powder is too high.
TABLE 8 growth Properties
* Represents P <0.05 compared to the control group; * P <0.01 compared to control group
2.2 serum immune index
Serum immunoglobulin content is an important index for reflecting animal immune function, and in a certain range, the higher the value is, the better the animal immune function is. As shown in table 2, none of the 2 isatis root powder addition experimental groups significantly affected the IgM, igA, igG levels of piglets compared to the control group.
TABLE 9 serum immune index
| Project | Control group | 1% of radix Isatidis | 4% Isatis root |
| IgM(mg/mL) | 1.31±0.12 | 1.33±0.094 | 1.27±0.067 |
| IgG(mg/mL) | 0.44±0.027 | 0.41±0.029 | 0.43±0.048 |
| IgA(ug/mL) | 0.17±0.0089 | 0.16±0.0089 | 0.17±0.016 |
2.3 jejunal morphology
As shown in table 3, compared with the control group, the addition of 1% of isatis root powder in the ration of weaned pigs can obviously improve the jejunum villus height (P < 0.01), obviously reduce the crypt depth (P < 0.01), limit the improvement of the villus height/crypt depth (P < 0.01), and indicate that the isatis root powder can improve the jejunum morphological structure of weaned pigs, but the effect of excessive use amount (4%) is not obvious.
TABLE 10 jejunal morphology index
| Project | Control group | 1% of radix Isatidis | 4% Isatis root |
| Height of fluff (VH, μm) | 210.2±7.6 | 248.6±12.4** | 222.6±20.7 |
| Depth of recess (CD, mum) | 151.6±23.0 | 101.8±14.2** | 129.4±32.3 |
| V/C | 1.41±0.18 | 2.48±0.36** | 1.81±0.47 |
* Represents P <0.05 compared to the control group; * P <0.01 compared to control group
3. Discussion of the invention
The experimental result shows that the adding of the radix isatidis medicinal powder into weaned pigs has the effects of reducing diarrhea degree and improving intestinal morphology to a certain extent, but has no obvious influence on serum immunity indexes, has no obvious influence on growth performance, and can influence the growth performance if the radix isatidis medicinal powder is too high.
Compared with the isatis root crude polysaccharide, the direct addition of isatis root powder in the weaned pig feed has the functions of reducing diarrhea degree and improving intestinal morphology, but the effect is not as good as that of the isatis root crude polysaccharide. And the following differences exist between the isatis root crude polysaccharide in the aspect of immunity improvement: the radix isatidis powder has no obvious influence on serum immunity indexes and on growth performance, and too much (4%) radix isatidis powder is likely to improve intestinal morphology and has poor effect on growth performance. The results show that the simple addition of the radix isatidis powder cannot achieve the beneficial effects of adding the radix isatidis polysaccharide, particularly has obvious difference in serum immunity indexes, which is probably because the effective components for improving immunity, such as polysaccharide, only occupy a small proportion of the radix isatidis powder when the radix isatidis powder is simply added, and cannot achieve the effective dosage, and the excessive addition can affect palatability, growth performance and the like, and if the addition amount of the radix isatidis powder is simply increased, the intestinal health of piglets and the immune function of the piglets cannot be effectively improved.
The isatis root crude polysaccharide is prepared by a specific preparation method, and the obtained isatis root crude polysaccharide contains proteins and some small molecular compounds (such as (R, S) -epigoitrin, adenosine, uridine, guanosine and the like) besides the main component polysaccharide, has complex component types, and can effectively improve the intestinal health of piglets and improve the immune function of the piglets by the synergistic action of the polysaccharide and other active components. Therefore, the invention does not need to combine the isatis root polysaccharide with other probiotics and the like.
The isatis root crude polysaccharide prepared by the specific preparation method is used as a functional feed additive to be supplemented into the weaned piglet complete compound feed, and can obviously improve the intestinal health of piglets and improve the immunity of the piglets without adding antibiotics, and the preparation method is characterized in that: significantly reducing diarrhea scores of weaned pigs; the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A content (IgA) of the weaned pigs are obviously improved, and the secretory immunoglobulin A content (SIgA) of the ileum content of the weaned pigs is obviously improved; the jejunum villus height and the ratio of the jejunum height to the crypt depth of the weaned pigs are obviously improved, and the jejunum crypt depth is obviously reduced; obviously reducing the ileum crypt depth of weaned pigs and obviously improving the ratio of the villus height to the crypt depth; the number of the villus goblet cells of jejunum and ileum of weaned pigs is obviously increased; the relative expression quantity of the gene mRNA related to the pro-inflammatory factors of jejunum and ileum tissues of weaned pigs is obviously reduced, and the relative expression quantity of the gene mRNA related to the anti-inflammatory factors is obviously improved; the relative expression level of the jejunum and ileum barrier protein related gene mRNA of the weaned pigs is obviously improved.
The invention can promote the development and utilization of the isatis root crude polysaccharide, improve the health condition of weaned pigs, reduce the morbidity and reduce the dosage of antibiotics for clinical treatment. The piglet feed provided by the invention can solve the health problem of weaned piglets without resistance, and remarkably improves the breeding benefit.
Claims (10)
1. The application of the isatis root polysaccharide is characterized in that the isatis root polysaccharide is used for improving intestinal health of piglets and/or improving immune functions of piglets.
2. The application of the isatis root crude polysaccharide in improving the intestinal health of piglets and/or improving the immune function of piglets is characterized in that the isatis root crude polysaccharide comprises isatis root polysaccharide and is prepared by a plate Lan Gentong water extraction and alcohol precipitation process.
3. The use according to claim 2, wherein the crude polysaccharide of isatis root is obtained by a preparation process comprising the steps of: mixing radix Isatidis with water, decocting, separating to obtain extractive solution, mixing the extractive solution with ethanol, separating to obtain precipitate, and drying to obtain radix Isatidis crude polysaccharide.
4. The use according to claim 3, wherein the temperature of the decoction is 80-100 ℃; the mass ratio of the isatis root to the water is 1: (5-10); the volume ratio of the extracting solution to the ethanol is 1: (1-2).
5. The use according to claim 1, wherein the mass content of the isatis root polysaccharide in the isatis root crude polysaccharide is 55-70%.
6. The use according to claim 1, wherein the crude polysaccharide of radix Isatidis further comprises at least one of protein, alkaloid or nucleotide.
7. The use according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the improvement in intestinal health of piglets comprises at least one of the following features:
1) The ratio of the intestinal villus height to the crypt depth of the piglets is improved to be more than 1.5;
2) The number of goblet cells on each intestinal villus of the intestinal tracts of the piglets is increased to more than 15;
3) Reducing the relative expression quantity of intestinal tissue cytokine IL-1 of piglets to below 1.5;
4) The relative expression quantity of the intestinal tissue cytokine IL-10 of the piglets is improved to more than 1.5;
5) Improving the relative expression quantity of intestinal tissue barrier factor ZO-1 of piglets to more than 1;
6) The relative expression quantity of the intestinal tissue barrier factor Occludin of the piglets is improved to more than 1.
8. The use according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the improvement of immune function in piglets comprises at least one of the following features:
1) Improving the serum IgM content of piglets to more than 15 mg/mL;
2) The serum IgG content of the piglets is improved to be more than 19 mg/mL;
3) Increasing the serum IgA content of piglets to more than 50 mug/mL;
4) The content of SIgA in the ileum content of the piglets is improved to more than 4 mug/mL.
9. A piglet feed is characterized by comprising basic ration and isatis root crude polysaccharide.
10. The piglet feed according to claim 9, wherein the mass percentage of the isatis root crude polysaccharide in the piglet feed is 0.05-1.2%.
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