CN117318504B - Single-stage multipath AC/DC conversion circuit - Google Patents
Single-stage multipath AC/DC conversion circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN117318504B CN117318504B CN202311600025.0A CN202311600025A CN117318504B CN 117318504 B CN117318504 B CN 117318504B CN 202311600025 A CN202311600025 A CN 202311600025A CN 117318504 B CN117318504 B CN 117318504B
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 60
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
- H02J7/06—Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/285—Single converters with a plurality of output stages connected in parallel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a single-stage multichannel AC/DC conversion circuit, switch on through three group's switches and switch on of different circuits, realize two kinds of input energy transfer modes of three-phase input line voltage and phase voltage, when having solved input line voltage higher, the problem that semiconductor device voltage stress is higher has also been solved simultaneously when input line voltage is lower, the problem that semiconductor device conduction loss greatly conversion efficiency descends, and because this application is single-stage isolation circuit, compare doublestage isolation circuit, not only can realize input power factor correction, possess electrical isolation and direct current output buck-boost conversion, still have higher conversion efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of power supply circuits, in particular to a single-stage multipath alternating current-direct current conversion circuit.
Background
With the rapid development of the electric automobile field, the demand of charging facilities is increasing. At present, a plurality of circuit topology schemes corresponding to charging modules in a charging facility are adopted, for example, when three-phase input is performed, a two-stage scheme is generally adopted at present, but the overall conversion efficiency of the two-stage scheme is low. Therefore, how to achieve higher conversion efficiency for the circuit corresponding to the charging module is a technical problem to be solved in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a single-stage multipath AC/DC conversion circuit, which realizes the regulation of input current through a single-stage circuit, simultaneously realizes the regulation power factor correction and the isolation of input and output, and has higher conversion efficiency than a two-stage circuit.
The application provides a single-stage multipath AC/DC conversion circuit, which comprises: the three-phase circuit comprises a switching circuit, a rectifying circuit, a single-stage energy transfer circuit and a filter circuit, wherein each phase circuit in the three-phase circuit comprises a transformer, an inverter circuit of a primary winding of the transformer and an output rectifying circuit of a secondary winding of the transformer, and the inverter circuit comprises a blocking capacitor, an inductor and a switching tube;
for each phase circuit, a first fixed end of the switching circuit is connected with a second port of an input voltage source, a second fixed end of the switching circuit is connected with a first port of the input voltage source in another phase circuit except the phase circuit, so that each phase circuit respectively inputs different line voltages, a first input end and a second input end of the rectifying circuit are respectively connected with the first port of the input voltage source and a movable end of the switching circuit, a first output end and a second output end of the rectifying circuit are respectively connected with a first input end and a second input end of the single-stage energy transmission circuit, the first output end and the second output end of the single-stage energy transmission circuit are connected with two ends of the filter circuit, and three filter circuits in the three-phase circuit are connected in parallel;
the switching circuit is used for controlling the conduction between the second motionless ends and the first motionless ends of three switching circuits in the three-phase circuit when the line voltage input by each phase circuit is not more than the first preset voltage; when the line voltage input by each phase of circuit is larger than a first preset voltage, the first motionless ends and the first motionless ends of the three switching circuits are controlled to be conducted;
a rectifying circuit for converting an input first alternating current signal into a first direct current signal;
the inverter circuit is used for converting the first direct current signal into a second alternating current signal, wherein the current of the second alternating current signal is controlled by a switching tube in the inverter circuit;
the transformer is used for adjusting the voltage of the second alternating current signal; the output rectifying circuit is used for rectifying the alternating current signal output by the transformer so as to output a second direct current signal;
the filter circuit is used for filtering the second direct current signal;
the switching tube of the inverter circuit in each phase circuit is controlled according to a control signal, the control signal is determined according to a first control result, the first control result is determined after loop control is carried out according to the deviation between the input current of each phase circuit and the corresponding input current control quantity, and the input current control quantity is determined after loop control is carried out according to the deviation between the current or voltage output by the single-stage multipath AC/DC conversion circuit and the external required current or required voltage.
It can be seen that the application provides a single-stage multipath AC/DC conversion circuit, which carries out conduction switching of different circuits through three groups of switches, realizes two input energy transmission modes of three-phase input line voltage and phase voltage, solves the problem that the voltage stress of a semiconductor device is higher when the input line voltage is higher, simultaneously solves the problem that the conduction loss of the semiconductor device is greatly reduced in conversion efficiency when the input line voltage is lower, and can realize a larger input voltage range and a larger output voltage gain range by combining line voltage and phase voltage intelligent input switching strategies. Meanwhile, the single-stage isolation circuit is adopted, so that the input power factor correction can be realized, the electric isolation and direct-current output buck-boost conversion are realized, and the conversion efficiency is higher compared with the two-stage isolation circuit.
In one possible example, the inverter circuit includes a dc blocking capacitor, an inductor, a switching tube, and the output rectifying circuit includes a first diode; for each phase of circuit, a first port of an inductor is connected with a first output end of a rectifying circuit, a second port of the inductor is connected with an input end of a switching tube and a first port of a blocking capacitor, a second port of the blocking capacitor is connected with a first port of a primary winding of a transformer, a second port of the primary winding of the transformer is connected with an output end of the switching tube and a second output end of the rectifying circuit, a first port of a secondary winding of the transformer is connected with a first port of a first diode, a second port of the first diode is connected with a first input end of a filtering circuit, and a second port of the secondary winding of the transformer is connected with a second input end of the filtering circuit.
In the application, the single-stage energy transfer circuit can realize isolation energy transfer, and the power factor correction function can be realized through controlling the switching tube.
In one possible example, the driving time of the control signals corresponding to the switching tubes in the three single-stage energy transmission circuits in the three-phase circuit are respectively separated by one third of a switching period.
In the application, the control signals corresponding to the three switching tubes in the three-phase circuit are respectively separated by one third of switching period between the driving time of the control signals, so that output current ripple can be reduced.
In one possible example, each phase circuit further includes a single-stage energy-transferring circuit, and two single-stage energy-transferring circuits in each phase circuit are connected in parallel.
In the application, by connecting a single-stage energy transfer circuit in parallel, not only can the output current ripple be reduced, but also the output power density can be improved.
In one possible example, the control signals corresponding to the switching tubes in the two single-stage pass circuits in each phase circuit are driven for half a switching period.
In the application, the output current ripple can be reduced by spacing the driving time of the control signals corresponding to the two switching tubes in one phase by half a switching period.
In one possible example, the input current control amount is determined according to a minimum value between a second control result and a third control result, where the second control result is a control result determined after loop control is performed on the current output by the single-stage multi-path ac/dc conversion circuit and the external required current, and the third control result is a control result determined after loop control is performed on the voltage output by the single-stage multi-path ac/dc conversion circuit and the external required voltage.
In the present application, control of the output current and the output voltage can be achieved by the output current loop control and the output voltage loop control, respectively.
In one possible example, the input current control amount is determined based on a minimum value between the second control result and the third control result, and an absolute value of the voltage input to each phase circuit.
In this application, introducing the absolute value of the voltage input to each phase of the circuit enables the input current waveform to follow the input voltage waveform control.
In one possible example, the control signal is a pulse width modulated signal.
In one possible example, the rectifying circuit includes a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode, a fifth diode, and a first filter capacitor; a rectifying circuit for converting alternating current into direct current; for each phase of circuit, the first port of the second diode is connected with the first port of the input voltage source and the second port of the third diode, the first port of the third diode is used as the second output end of the rectifying circuit and is connected with the first port of the fifth diode and the second port of the first filter capacitor, the second port of the second diode is used as the first output end of the rectifying circuit and is connected with the second port of the fourth diode and the first port of the first filter capacitor, and the first port of the fourth diode is connected with the moving end of the switching circuit and the second port of the fifth diode.
In one possible example, the filter circuit includes a second filter capacitor; for each phase of circuit, a first port of the second filter capacitor is used as a first input end of the filter circuit and is respectively connected with first output ends of three single-stage energy transmission circuits in the three-phase circuit, and a second port of the second filter capacitor is used as a second input end of the filter circuit and is respectively connected with second output ends of three single-stage energy transmission circuits in the three-phase circuit.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a topology diagram of a single-stage multi-path ac/dc conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a topology diagram of another single-stage multiple AC/DC conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a topology diagram of another single-stage multiple AC/DC conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a driving current waveform according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a control block diagram of a single-stage multiple ac/dc conversion circuit.
Detailed Description
In order to make the present application solution better understood by those skilled in the art, the following description will clearly and completely describe the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments herein without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
The terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims of the present application and in the above-described figures, are used for distinguishing between different objects and not for describing a particular sequential order. Furthermore, the terms "comprise" and "have," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a topology diagram of a single-stage multi-path ac/dc conversion circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, the single-stage multi-path ac/dc conversion circuit includes three-phase input voltage sources Va, vb and Vc corresponding to each other, a switching circuit, rectification circuits 101, 102 and 103, single-stage energy transfer circuits 111, 112 and 113, and filter circuits 121, 122 and 123, wherein each of the single-stage energy transfer circuits 111, 112 and 113 includes a transformer, an inverter circuit of a primary winding of the transformer, and an output rectification circuit of a secondary winding of the transformer, the switching circuit is implemented by single-pole double-throw switches S1, S2 and S3, the switches S1, S2 and S3 include a movable end and a stationary end, the stationary end includes a first stationary end and a second stationary end, and the ports 1 and 2 in the diagram respectively correspond to each other.
The first input terminal of the rectifying circuit 101 is connected to a first port of the input voltage source Va and a second stationary terminal of the switch S3, the first stationary terminal of the switch S1 is connected to a second port of the input voltage source Va, a second port of the input voltage source Vb, a first stationary terminal of the switch S2, a second port of the input voltage source Vc and a first stationary terminal of the switch S3, the first port of the input voltage source Vb is connected to a second stationary terminal of the switch S1 and a first input terminal of the rectifying circuit 102, the moving terminal of the switch S2 is connected to a second input terminal of the rectifying circuit 102, the first port of the input voltage source Vc is connected to a second stationary terminal of the switch S2 and a first input terminal of the rectifying circuit 103, and the moving terminal of the switch S3 is connected to a second input terminal of the rectifying circuit 103. N is the N point of the three-phase ac input phase voltage.
The first output end and the second output end of the rectifying circuit 101 are respectively connected with the first input end and the second input end of an inverter circuit in the single-stage energy transmission circuit 111, and the first output end and the second output end of an output rectifying circuit in the single-stage energy transmission circuit 111 are connected with two ends of the filter circuit 121; the first output end and the second output end of the rectifying circuit 102 are respectively connected with the first input end and the second input end of the inverter circuit in the single-stage energy transfer circuit 112, and the first output end and the second output end of the output rectifying circuit in the single-stage energy transfer circuit 112 are connected with two ends of the filter circuit 122; the first output end and the second output end of the rectifying circuit 103 are respectively connected with the first input end and the second input end of the inverter circuit in the single-stage energy transmission circuit 113, and the first output end and the second output end of the output rectifying circuit in the single-stage energy transmission circuit 113 are connected with two ends of the filter circuit 123; and the filter circuits 121, 122 and 123 are connected in parallel.
Rectifying circuits 101, 102, and 103 are respectively configured to convert a first ac signal input for each phase into a first dc signal, the first ac signal being determined according to the on states of the switches S1, S2, and S3.
Specifically, in the initial stage, the moving ends of the switches S1, S2 and S3 are all in contact with the second fixed end, so that conduction between the second fixed end and the moving end is realized, and at the moment, voltage signals corresponding to the first alternating current signals input by the circuit are three-phase line voltages Vab, vbc and Vca; when the line voltage input by each phase of circuit is greater than a first preset voltage, the movable ends of the switches S1, S2 and S3 are contacted with the first fixed end, so that the conduction between the first fixed end and the movable end is realized, and at the moment, the voltage signal corresponding to the first alternating current signal input by the circuit is three-phase voltage Van, vbn, vcn; similarly, when the line voltage input by each phase circuit is not greater than the first preset voltage, the moving ends of the switches S1, S2 and S3 are all contacted with the second moving end, so that the conduction between the second moving end and the moving end is realized, and at this time, the voltage signals corresponding to the first alternating current signals input by the circuits are three-phase line voltages Vab, vbc and Vca. Where, line voltage vab=van-Vbn, line voltage vbc=vbn-Vcn, and line voltage vca=vcn-Van.
The inverter circuits in the single-stage energy transfer circuits 111, 112 and 113 are respectively used for converting the first direct current signals input by the rectifying circuits 101, 102 and 103 in each phase into second alternating current signals, wherein the current magnitude of the second alternating current signals is controlled by the switching tubes in the inverter circuits.
Transformers in the single-stage energy transfer circuits 111, 112 and 113 are respectively used for adjusting the voltage of the second alternating current signal input by the inverter circuit in each phase;
the output rectifying circuits in the single-stage energy transfer circuits 111, 112 and 113 are respectively used for rectifying the alternating current signals output by the transformers in each phase to output a second direct current signal.
The filter circuits 121, 122 and 123 are respectively used for filtering the second direct current signal output by the output rectifying circuit in each phase.
The circuit can realize a wider input voltage range through switching between the phase voltage input and the line voltage input. And the power factor correction of the circuit is realized by controlling the on and off of a switching tube in the inverter circuit to adjust the magnitude of the input current of each phase of circuit.
The single-stage multi-path ac/dc conversion circuit will be described in detail as follows:
specifically, referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a topology diagram of another single-stage multi-path ac/dc conversion circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 2, the circuit includes three input voltage sources Va, vb and Vc, and single-pole double-throw switches S1, S2 and S3 corresponding to the three phases, respectively.
The rectifying circuit 101 includes a diode D11, a diode D12, a diode D13, a diode D14, and a filter capacitor Cr1; the rectifying circuit 102 includes a diode D21, a diode D22, a diode D23, a diode D24, and a filter capacitor Cr2; the rectifier circuit 103 includes a diode D31, a diode D32, a diode D33, a diode D34, and a filter capacitor Cr3. And the diode is a rectifier diode.
The single-stage energy transfer circuit 111 includes a transformer T1, a first inverter circuit of a primary winding of the transformer T1, and a first output rectifying circuit of a secondary winding of the transformer T1, where the first inverter circuit includes a filter inductor Lf1, a switching tube Q1, and a blocking capacitor C1, and the first output rectifying circuit includes a diode D1. The single-stage energy transfer circuit 112 includes a transformer T3, a second inverter circuit of a primary winding of the transformer T3, and a second output rectifying circuit of a secondary winding of the transformer T3, where the second inverter circuit includes a filter inductor Lf3, a switching tube Q3, and a blocking capacitor C3, and the second output rectifying circuit includes a diode D3. The single-stage energy transfer circuit 113 includes a transformer T5, a third inverter circuit of a primary winding of the transformer T5, and a third output rectifying circuit of a secondary winding of the transformer T1, where the third inverter circuit includes a filter inductor Lf5, a switching tube Q5, and a blocking capacitor C5, and the third output rectifying circuit includes a diode D5. The filter inductors Lf1, lf3 and Lf5 are input differential mode filter inductors, the blocking capacitors C1, C3 and C5 are high-frequency blocking capacitors, and the diodes D1, D3 and D5 are secondary side output rectifier diodes.
The filter circuit 121 includes a filter capacitor Co1. The filter circuit 122 includes a filter capacitor Co2. The filter circuit 123 includes a filter capacitor Co3. The output of the filter circuit 122 is provided as the output of a single stage multiple ac/dc converter circuit.
The connection relation of the above devices is described as follows:
for the first phase: the first port of the diode D11 is connected to the first port of the input voltage source Va and the second port of the diode D12, the first port of the diode D12 is connected to the first port of the diode D14, the second port of the filter capacitor Cr1, the output terminal of the switching tube Q1 and the second port of the primary winding of the transformer T1, the second port of the diode D11 is connected to the second port of the diode D13, the first port of the filter capacitor Cr1 and the first port of the filter inductor Lf1, and the first port of the diode D13 is connected to the movable terminal of the switch S1 and the second port of the diode D14. The second port of the filter inductor Lf1 is connected with the input end of the switching tube Q1 and the first port of the blocking capacitor C1, and the second port of the blocking capacitor C1 is connected with the first port of the primary winding of the transformer T1. The first port of the secondary winding of the transformer T1 is connected with the first port of the diode D1, the second port of the diode D1 is connected with the first port of the filter capacitor Co1, and the second port of the secondary winding of the transformer T1 is connected with the second port of the filter capacitor Co1.
For the second phase: the first port of the diode D21 is connected to the first port of the input voltage source Vb and the second port of the diode D22, the first port of the diode D22 is connected to the first port of the diode D24, the second port of the filter capacitor Cr2, the output terminal of the switching tube Q3, and the second port of the primary winding of the transformer T3, the second port of the diode D21 is connected to the second port of the diode D23, the first port of the filter capacitor Cr2, and the first port of the filter inductor Lf3, and the first port of the diode D23 is connected to the movable terminal of the switch S2 and the second port of the diode D24. The second port of the filter inductor Lf3 is connected with the input end of the switching tube Q3 and the first port of the blocking capacitor C3, and the second port of the blocking capacitor C3 is connected with the first port of the primary winding of the transformer T3. The first port of the secondary winding of the transformer T3 is connected with the first port of the diode D3, the second port of the diode D3 is connected with the first port of the filter capacitor Co2, and the second port of the secondary winding of the transformer T3 is connected with the second port of the filter capacitor Co2.
For the third phase: the first port of the diode D31 is connected to the first port of the input voltage source Vc and the second port of the diode D32, the first port of the diode D32 is connected to the first port of the diode D34, the second port of the filter capacitor Cr3, the output terminal of the switching tube Q5 and the second port of the primary winding of the transformer T5, the second port of the diode D31 is connected to the second port of the diode D33, the first port of the filter capacitor Cr3 and the first port of the filter inductor Lf5, and the first port of the diode D33 is connected to the movable terminal of the switch S3 and the second port of the diode D34. The second port of the filter inductor Lf5 is connected to the input end of the switching tube Q5 and the first port of the blocking capacitor C5, and the second port of the blocking capacitor C5 is connected to the first port of the primary winding of the transformer T5. The first port of the secondary winding of the transformer T5 is connected with the first port of the diode D5, the second port of the diode D5 is connected with the first port of the filter capacitor Co3, and the second port of the secondary winding of the transformer T5 is connected with the second port of the filter capacitor Co3.
The first port of the filter capacitor Co1 is connected with the first port of the filter capacitor Co2 and the first port of the filter capacitor Co3, and the second port of the filter capacitor Co1 is connected with the second port of the filter capacitor Co2 and the second port of the filter capacitor Co3. The connection between the input voltage sources Va, vb and Vc and the single pole double throw switches S1, S2 and S3 has been described previously, and will not be repeated here.
When the line voltage input by each phase circuit is not greater than a first preset voltage, the movable ends of the three single-pole double-throw switches S1, S2 and S3 are in contact with the second fixed end, so that the conduction between the second fixed end and the movable end is realized, and the voltage input by the circuit corresponds to three-phase line voltages Vab, vbc and Vca. The voltage stress of the switching tubes Q1, Q3 and Q5 and the diodes D1, D3 and D5 depends on the peak voltage of the input line voltage and the magnitude of output power, and the larger the peak voltage of the input line voltage is, the higher the stress of the semiconductor device is; the larger the output power is, the larger the duty ratio of the switching transistors Q1, Q3, Q5 is, and the higher the voltage stress superimposed on both ends is after the switching transistors Q1, Q3, Q5 are turned off.
Therefore, when the input line voltage is at a larger value, the movable ends of the three single-pole double-throw switches S1, S2 and S3 are all contacted with the first fixed end by intelligence, so that the conduction between the first fixed end and the movable end is realized, and the voltage input by the circuit corresponds to the three-phase voltage Van, vbn, vcn; the voltage stress of the switching transistors Q1, Q3, Q5 and the diodes D1, D3, D5 depends on the input phase voltage peak voltage and the magnitude of the output power. Since the peak voltage of the input phase voltage is far smaller than the peak voltage of the input line, the stress of the semiconductor device is smaller, the switching loss of the power module is reduced, and even if the output power is increased, the voltage stress of the switching transistors Q1, Q3 and Q5 and the diodes D1, D3 and D5 is within the safety range.
When the voltage input by the circuit corresponds to the phase voltage, the input current for transmitting electric energy is also phase current, and the current flowing through the main power devices (such as the switching tubes Q1, Q3 and Q5) of the primary winding of the transformer is correspondingly increased, so that the conduction loss of the devices is increased. Therefore, when the line voltage (which can be determined by the difference between the voltages of the two phases) is low, the conversion efficiency of the circuit when the input voltage is the phase voltage is low. Therefore, when the line voltage is low, the movable ends of the three single pole double throw switches S1, S2 and S3 are intelligently contacted with the second fixed end.
The first preset voltage may be determined according to a voltage stress of the main power device (e.g., the switching transistors Q1, Q3, Q5).
Meanwhile, the circuit adjusts the magnitude of the input current of each phase of circuit by controlling the on and off of a switching tube in the single-stage energy transfer circuit, thereby realizing the power factor correction of the circuit. When the switching tubes Q1, Q3 and Q5 are disconnected, energy is transferred to the output side through the transformers T1, T3 and T5; and when the switching tubes Q1, Q3 and Q5 are conducted, the primary winding of the transformer is magnetically reset, and the primary winding stops transmitting energy to the secondary winding.
The switching transistors Q1, Q3 and Q5 are controlled to be turned on and off by control signals. The control signal may be a pulse width modulated (Pulse width modulation, PWM) signal. The corresponding duty ratio of the control signal can be determined according to a control result determined after loop control (current loop) is performed according to the deviation between the input current of each phase circuit and the corresponding input current control amount. The input current control quantity is determined according to the absolute value of the voltage input by each phase circuit and a fourth control result, the fourth control result is a second control result and a third control result, the second control result is a control result determined after loop control (current loop) is carried out on the current output by the single-stage multipath AC/DC conversion circuit and the external required current, and the third control result is a control result determined after loop control (voltage loop) is carried out on the voltage output by the single-stage multipath AC/DC conversion circuit and the external required voltage. The loop control includes proportional integral (proportional integral controller, PI) control or proportional integral derivative (Proportion Integration Differentiation, PID) control.
The switching transistor may be a transistor or a Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET). When the switching tube is an N-channel MOS tube, the input end of the switching tube corresponds to the drain electrode of the MOS tube, and the output end of the switching tube corresponds to the source electrode of the MOS tube, and the control signal controls the switching tube through the gate electrode of the MOS tube. Meanwhile, the switching periods of the control signals corresponding to the switching tubes Q1, Q3 and Q5 are the same, and the driving time is separated by one third of the switching period, in other words, the wave-generating phases of the control signals corresponding to the switching tubes Q1, Q3 and Q5 are staggered by 120 degrees.
In addition, each phase circuit can also comprise a same single-stage energy transmission circuit, and the two single-stage energy transmission circuits in each phase circuit are connected in parallel. This is illustrated by fig. 3 below:
referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a topology diagram of another single-stage multi-path ac/dc conversion circuit provided in the embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 3, the single-stage multi-path ac/dc conversion circuit further includes transformers T2, T4, T6, switching tubes Q2, Q4, Q6, filter inductors Lf2, lf4, lf6, blocking capacitors C2, C4, C6, and diodes D2, D4, D6 as compared with fig. 2.
The connection relation of the above devices is described as follows:
the first port of the filter inductor Lf2 is connected with the first port of the filter inductor Lf1, the second port of the filter inductor Lf2 is connected with the input end of the switch tube Q2 and the first port of the blocking capacitor C2, the second port of the blocking capacitor C2 is connected with the first port of the primary winding of the transformer T2, the second port of the primary winding of the transformer T2 is connected with the output end of the switch tube Q2 and the second port of the primary winding of the transformer T1, the first port of the secondary winding of the transformer T2 is connected with the first port of the diode D2, the second port of the diode D2 is connected with the second port of the diode D1 and the first port of the filter capacitor Co1, and the second port of the secondary winding of the transformer T2 is connected with the second port of the secondary winding of the transformer T1 and the second port of the filter capacitor Co1.
The first port of the filter inductor Lf4 is connected with the first port of the filter inductor Lf3, the second port of the filter inductor Lf4 is connected with the input end of the switch tube Q4 and the first port of the blocking capacitor C4, the second port of the blocking capacitor C4 is connected with the first port of the primary winding of the transformer T4, the second port of the primary winding of the transformer T4 is connected with the output end of the switch tube Q4 and the second port of the primary winding of the transformer T3, the first port of the secondary winding of the transformer T4 is connected with the first port of the diode D4, the second port of the diode D4 is connected with the second port of the diode D3 and the first port of the filter capacitor Co2, and the second port of the secondary winding of the transformer T4 is connected with the second port of the secondary winding of the transformer T3 and the second port of the filter capacitor Co2.
The first port of the filter inductor Lf6 is connected with the first port of the filter inductor Lf5, the second port of the filter inductor Lf6 is connected with the input end of the switch tube Q6 and the first port of the blocking capacitor C6, the second port of the blocking capacitor C6 is connected with the first port of the primary winding of the transformer T6, the second port of the primary winding of the transformer T6 is connected with the output end of the switch tube Q6 and the second port of the primary winding of the transformer T5, the first port of the secondary winding of the transformer T6 is connected with the first port of the diode D6, the second port of the diode D6 is connected with the second port of the diode D5 and the first port of the filter capacitor Co3, and the second port of the secondary winding of the transformer T6 is connected with the second port of the secondary winding of the transformer T5 and the second port of the filter capacitor Co3.
The conduction of the switching tube of one of the three phases will be described with reference to fig. 4:
referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a driving current waveform provided in the embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 4, the driving current waveform includes a waveform Vgs1 of a control signal of a switching tube Q1, a waveform Vgs2 of a control signal of a switching tube Q2, a current waveform iLf1 of an inductor Lf1, a current waveform iLf2 of the inductor Lf2, and a circuit overall output current waveform io. The control signal of the switching tube Q1 is the same as the switching period corresponding to the control signal of the switching tube Q2, and the driving time interval between the control signal and the switching tube Q2 is half of the switching period, in other words, the wave-generating phases of the control signal of the switching tube Q1 and the control signal of the switching tube Q2 are staggered by 180 °.
When the switching tube Q1 is turned on, the ac input voltage is superimposed on two ends of the filter inductor Lf1, the current on the filter inductor Lf1 rises, and at this time, the voltages on two ends of the blocking capacitor C1 are reversely superimposed on the primary winding of the transformer T1, and when the transformer T1 is magnetically reset, the blocking capacitor C1 discharges itself, and at this time, the diode D1 is in a reverse cut-off state. When the switching tube Q1 is disconnected, the upper current of the filter inductor Lf1 is reduced, and the inductor current passes through the blocking capacitor C1 and the primary winding of the transformer T1 to transfer energy to the secondary winding of the transformer T1, and simultaneously charges the capacitor of the blocking capacitor C1, so that the diode D1 is in a forward conduction energy transfer state.
Similarly, when the switching tube Q2 is turned on, the ac input voltage is superimposed on two ends of the filter inductor Lf2, the current on the filter inductor Lf2 rises, and at this time, the voltages on two ends of the blocking capacitor C2 are reversely superimposed on the primary winding of the transformer T2, and when the transformer T2 is magnetically reset, the blocking capacitor C2 discharges itself, and at this time, the diode D2 is in a reverse cut-off state. When the switching tube Q2 is disconnected, the current on the filter inductor Lf2 is reduced, and the inductor current passes through the blocking capacitor C2 and the primary winding of the transformer T2 to transfer energy to the secondary winding of the transformer T2, and simultaneously charges the blocking capacitor C2, so that the diode D2 is in a forward conduction energy transfer state.
When the control signals of the switching tube Q1 and the switching tube Q2 are driven and staggered by 180 degrees, the output current is the sum of the two paths of diode output currents, as shown in fig. 4, the ripple period of the output current is twice the switching frequency period, and the magnitude of the current ripple is obviously reduced. When the wave of the control signal of the switch tube in the three-phase circuit is staggered by 120 degrees, the output current ripple wave is further reduced, the number of output filter capacitors can be greatly reduced, the power density of the module is improved, and meanwhile, the output performance of the module and the service life of the module are also improved.
The determination of the control signal of the switching tube is specifically described below with reference to fig. 5:
referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a control block diagram of a single-stage multi-path ac/dc conversion circuit, as shown in fig. 5, the output voltage Vo and the output current io of the single-stage multi-path ac/dc conversion circuit are sampled, and a set value (required voltage) Voref of the output voltage and a set value (required current) Ioref of the output current are determined according to an external load requirement. The output voltage Vo and a set value Voref of the output voltage are input into an output voltage ring for calculation, and an output result Vpi of the output voltage ring is obtained; inputting the output current io and the set value Ioref of the output current into an output current loop for calculation to obtain an output current loop result Ipi; and taking the output voltage loop result and the output current loop result to obtain a final output loop control result Minpi. Thus, voltage control and current control of the circuit can be realized respectively.
The on state of the switches S1, S2 and S3 is switched through the magnitude of the three-phase input line voltage, when the line voltage is at a higher value, the switches S1, S2 and S3 are switched to be conducted between the movable end and the first fixed end, and at the moment, three-phase voltage Van, vbn, vcn is taken to obtain absolute values |Vac1|, |Vac2|, |Vac3| of voltage sampling of the three-phase input phase voltage; when the line voltage is at a lower value, the switches S1, S2 and S3 are switched to be conducted with the movable end and the second stationary end, and the three-phase line voltage Vab, vbc, vca is taken at the moment, so that the absolute values |Vac1|, |Vac2|, |Vac3| of the voltage sampling of the three-phase input line voltage are obtained.
The absolute values |Vac1|, |Vac2|, and|Vac3| of the three-phase input alternating voltage signals obtained through sampling are multiplied by a loop output result Minpi respectively to obtain current given amounts Iac1ref, iac2ref and Iac3ref of each path respectively. At this time, the input current of the first phase is sampled to obtain the input current Iac1 of the first phase, the input current Iac1 of the first phase and the corresponding current given quantity Iac1ref of the first phase are input into the first input current loop to calculate, and the duty ratio DR1 of the control signal of the switching tube in the single-stage energy transfer circuit in the phase circuit is obtained.
The input current Iac2 of the second phase is obtained by sampling the input current of the second phase, the input current Iac2 of the second phase and the corresponding given current quantity Iac2ref of the second phase are input into a second input current loop to be calculated, and the duty ratio DR2 of the control signal of the switching tube in the single-stage energy transfer circuit in the phase circuit is obtained. The input current Iac3 of the third phase is obtained by sampling the input current of the third phase, the input current Iac3 of the third phase and the corresponding current given quantity Iac3ref of the third phase are input into a third input current loop to be calculated, and the duty ratio DR3 of the control signal of the switching tube in the single-stage energy transfer circuit in the phase circuit is obtained.
The duty ratios DR1, DR2, DR3 are input to a PWM wave generation design unit, and pulse width modulation signals PWM1, PWM2, PWM3 corresponding to the switching transistors Q1, Q3, Q5 are obtained, respectively. When two single-stage energy transfer circuits exist for each phase, six paths of staggered wave generation designs are carried out on pulse width modulation signals PWM1, PWM2 and PWM3, and control signals SQ1, SQ2, SQ3, SQ4, SQ5 and SQ6 respectively corresponding to switching tubes Q1, Q2, Q4, Q5 and Q6 are obtained. The control signal SQ1 and the control signal SQ2 are staggered by 180 degrees, the control signal SQ3 and the control signal SQ4 are staggered by 180 degrees, the control signal SQ5 and the control signal SQ6 are staggered by 180 degrees, and the control signal SQ1, the control signal SQ3 and the control signal SQ5 are staggered by 120 degrees, so that the output current ripple can be reduced to the greatest extent.
The application provides a single-stage multipath AC-DC conversion circuit, through three groups of single-pole double-throw switches, two input energy transfer modes of three-phase input line voltage and phase voltage are realized, the problem that when the input line voltage is higher, the voltage stress of a semiconductor device is higher is solved, and meanwhile, the problem that when the input line voltage is lower, the conduction loss of the semiconductor device is greatly reduced in conversion efficiency is also solved. Meanwhile, by combining the intelligent input switching strategy of the line voltage and the phase voltage, a larger input voltage range and a larger output voltage gain range can be realized. Meanwhile, the single-stage isolation circuit is adopted, so that the input power factor correction can be realized, the electric isolation and direct-current output buck-boost conversion are realized, and the conversion efficiency is higher compared with the two-stage isolation circuit.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and for parts of one embodiment that are not described in detail, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the more detailed description of embodiments of the present application, wherein specific examples are provided herein to illustrate the principles and embodiments of the present application, the description of the embodiments above being merely intended to facilitate an understanding of the method of the present application and the core concepts thereof; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will have modifications in the specific embodiments and application scope in light of the ideas of the present application, the present disclosure should not be construed as being limited to the above description.
Claims (9)
1. The single-stage multipath AC/DC conversion circuit is characterized by comprising a three-phase circuit, wherein each phase circuit in the three-phase circuit comprises a switch circuit, a rectifying circuit, a single-stage energy transfer circuit and a filter circuit, and the single-stage energy transfer circuit comprises a transformer, an inverter circuit of a primary winding of the transformer and an output rectifying circuit of a secondary winding of the transformer;
for each phase circuit, a first fixed end of the switching circuit is connected with a second port of an input voltage source, a second fixed end of the switching circuit is connected with a first port of the input voltage source in another phase circuit except the phase circuit, so that each phase circuit respectively inputs different line voltages, a first input end and a second input end of the rectifying circuit are respectively connected with the first port of the input voltage source and a movable end of the switching circuit, a first output end and a second output end of the rectifying circuit are respectively connected with a first input end and a second input end of the single-stage energy transmission circuit, a first output end and a second output end of the single-stage energy transmission circuit are connected with two ends of the filtering circuit, and three filtering circuits in the three-phase circuit are connected in parallel;
the switching circuit is used for controlling the conduction between the second motionless ends and the first motionless ends of the three switching circuits in the three-phase circuit when the line voltage input by each phase circuit is not more than a first preset voltage; when the line voltage input by each phase of circuit is larger than the first preset voltage, controlling the first motionless ends and the first motionless ends of the three switching circuits to be conducted;
the rectification circuit is used for converting an input first alternating current signal into a first direct current signal;
the inverter circuit is used for converting the first direct current signal into a second alternating current signal, wherein the current of the second alternating current signal is controlled by a switching tube in the inverter circuit;
the transformer is used for adjusting the voltage of the second alternating current signal;
the output rectifying circuit is used for rectifying the alternating current signal output by the transformer so as to output a second direct current signal;
the filter circuit is used for filtering the second direct current signal;
the switching tube of the inverter circuit in each phase circuit is controlled according to a control signal, the control signal is determined according to a first control result, the first control result is determined after loop control is performed according to deviation between input current of each phase circuit and corresponding input current control quantity, the input current control quantity is determined according to a minimum value between a second control result and a third control result, the second control result is determined after loop control is performed according to current output by the single-stage multipath AC/DC conversion circuit and external required current, and the third control result is determined after loop control is performed according to voltage output by the single-stage multipath AC/DC conversion circuit and external required voltage.
2. The single-stage multiple ac/dc conversion circuit according to claim 1, wherein the inverter circuit includes a dc blocking capacitor, an inductor, and a switching tube, and the output rectifying circuit includes a first diode;
for each phase of circuit, a first port of the inductor is connected with a first output end of the rectifying circuit, a second port of the inductor is connected with an input end of the switching tube and a first port of the blocking capacitor, a second port of the blocking capacitor is connected with a first port of a primary winding of the transformer, a second port of the primary winding of the transformer is connected with an output end of the switching tube and a second output end of the rectifying circuit, a first port of a secondary winding of the transformer is connected with a first port of the first diode, a second port of the first diode is connected with a first input end of the filtering circuit, and a second port of the secondary winding of the transformer is connected with a second input end of the filtering circuit.
3. The single-stage multi-path ac/dc conversion circuit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the driving times of the control signals corresponding to the switching tubes in the three single-stage energy transfer circuits in the three-phase circuit are respectively spaced by one third of a switching period.
4. The single-stage multiple ac/dc conversion circuit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each phase circuit further comprises a single-stage energy transfer circuit, and two single-stage energy transfer circuits in each phase circuit are connected in parallel.
5. The single-stage, multi-channel ac/dc conversion circuit according to claim 4, wherein the control signals corresponding to the switching transistors in the two single-stage pass circuits in each phase circuit are driven for half a switching period.
6. The single-stage, multi-path ac-dc conversion circuit according to claim 1, wherein the input current control amount is determined based on a minimum value between the second control result and the third control result, and an absolute value of the voltage input to the each-phase circuit.
7. The single-stage, multi-path ac-dc conversion circuit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rectifying circuit comprises a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode, a fifth diode, and a first filter capacitor;
for each phase of circuit, the first port of the second diode is connected with the first port of the input voltage source and the second port of the third diode, the first port of the third diode is used as the second output end of the rectifying circuit and is connected with the first port of the fifth diode and the second port of the first filter capacitor, the second port of the second diode is used as the first output end of the rectifying circuit and is connected with the second port of the fourth diode and the first port of the first filter capacitor, and the first port of the fourth diode is connected with the moving end of the switching circuit and the second port of the fifth diode.
8. The single-stage, multi-path ac-dc conversion circuit of claim 1 or 2, wherein the filter circuit comprises a second filter capacitor;
for each phase of circuit, the first port of the second filter capacitor is used as the first input end of the filter circuit and is respectively connected with the first output ends of the three single-stage energy transmission circuits in the three-phase circuit, and the second port of the second filter capacitor is used as the second input end of the filter circuit and is respectively connected with the second output ends of the three single-stage energy transmission circuits in the three-phase circuit.
9. A single-stage, multi-path ac-dc conversion circuit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control signal is a pulse width modulated signal.
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