CN117316323A - Subway station internal biochemical gas diffusion numerical simulation method and emergency plan generation system - Google Patents
Subway station internal biochemical gas diffusion numerical simulation method and emergency plan generation system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for simulating the diffusion value of biochemical gas in a subway station and an emergency plan generation system, wherein the method for simulating the diffusion value of the biochemical gas in the subway station comprises the following steps: establishing a three-dimensional simulation model of the subway station, setting a constant flux boundary and carrying out finite element numerical value differential processing so as to generate grids; establishing a primary value condition for solving a fluid dynamics value, and solving a dynamic equation of the corresponding three-dimensional refined air flow to obtain an air flow field in the subway station; based on the generated grids and an air flow field in the subway station, the diffusion state parameters after the biochemical gas leakage are solved, the simulation of the whole diffusion process after the biochemical gas release of the subway station is completed, and a simulation result is obtained. The invention can carry out high-precision numerical simulation on the air flow field in the subway station, and produce a corresponding emergency plan, thereby providing scientific basis and quantitative decision capability for disaster evaluation and emergency treatment in special emergency, and having the characteristics of high simulation degree, high resolution and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of simulation and numerical simulation, and particularly relates to a numerical simulation method for diffusion of biochemical gas in a subway station and an emergency plan generation system.
Background
Nuclear and biochemical safety in urban public places represented by subway stations is a great problem concerning national defense safety and social stability. Because the space in the subway station is relatively closed, the construction pattern in the subway station is complex, the staff is dense and the mobility is large, and the influence on the life of urban residents is huge, once toxic gas leakage or large-scale emission occurs, the casualties of on-site staff can be caused, secondary disasters such as crowded trampling and the like are caused, and the urban society is panic. Related events such as leakage of biochemical substances in the subway station core, malicious release and the like occur for many times abroad, and social influence is extremely bad. However, in the current coping schemes for such events, mainly depending on qualitative experience and organization modes of relevant parts, scientific methods and technical means based on full-simulation refined quantitative numerical calculation capability are urgently needed to provide scientific support for relevant emergency treatment. Most of the existing numerical simulations in the field of atmospheric science are only aimed at the diffusion transmission of mesoscale atmospheric pollutants with lower resolution and larger area range, but no large-scale application is available for the numerical simulation system of the fine flow field and the pollutant concentration on the micro scale, such as the specific to the interior of the street and the interior space of the building.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a numerical simulation method for the diffusion of biochemical gas in a subway station and an emergency plan generation system, which can perform high-precision numerical simulation on an air flow field in the subway station and produce a corresponding emergency plan, provide scientific basis and quantitative decision capability for disaster evaluation and emergency treatment in special emergency, and have the characteristics of high simulation degree, high resolution and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: in a first aspect, a method for simulating the diffusion value of biochemical gas in a subway station is provided, which comprises the following steps: according to the internal building pattern of the subway station and the atmosphere interaction condition inside and outside the subway station, a three-dimensional simulation model of the subway station is built, then a constant flux boundary is set and finite element numerical value difference processing is carried out on the basis of the atmosphere space inside and outside the subway station and the surface simulation precision requirement on the internal building of the subway station so as to generate grids, wherein the grids comprise structured grids and unstructured grids; according to the typical working state of the subway station and the weather wind field state outside the subway station, respectively establishing initial value conditions for fluid dynamics numerical value solution, and solving a dynamic Navier-Stokes equation of corresponding three-dimensional space refined air flow to obtain an air flow field inside the subway station; based on the generated grids and the air flow field in the subway station, after biochemical gas leakage occurs in key positions of the subway station, the diffusion state parameters of the biochemical gas are solved, simulation of the whole diffusion process after the biochemical gas is released in the inner space of the three-dimensional simulation model of the subway station is completed, a simulation result is obtained, an emergency planning case group is generated according to the corresponding typical working state of the subway station and the weather wind field state label outside the subway station by the simulation result, and meanwhile, the emergency planning case group is stored in an emergency plan library of the three-dimensional live-action digital twin system of the subway station.
In connection with the first aspect, typical operating conditions of a subway station include, but are not limited to, a one-sided train entering/exiting a station, a two-sided train entering/exiting a station, a one-sided/two-sided train stay within a station, and a two-sided station clear condition; meteorological wind field conditions outside the subway station include, but are not limited to, a calm wind environment, a strong wind environment.
With reference to the first aspect, the key locations of the subway station include, but are not limited to, subway rail, side of the platform, and escalator entrance.
With reference to the first aspect, the diffusion state parameters of the biochemical gas include, but are not limited to, physical diffusion trajectory of the biochemical gas, turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate, and change of concentration space three-dimensional distribution with time.
With reference to the first aspect, a dynamic Navier-Stokes equation of the corresponding three-dimensional space refined air flow is solved by using a Reynolds time-averaged method, main variables in the Navier-Stokes equation are subjected to Reynolds decomposition, expressed as an average quantity and a disturbance quantity, and then the main variables are brought back into the Navier-Stokes equation to derive a Navier-Stokes equation set of a steady-state incompressible fluid with an average Reynolds number, wherein the Navier-Stokes equation set is expressed as follows:
wherein ρ is the air density; u (u) i For the concentration or velocity of the biochemical gas micelles in the i direction, i=1, 2,3 correspond to the x, y, z directions in the three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system, respectively; u (u) j For the concentration or velocity of the biochemical gas micelles in the j direction, j=1, 2,3 correspond to the x, y, z directions in the three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system, respectively, and i+.j;for the Reynolds average flow velocity or concentration in the i-direction in space, x i For spatial measure of i direction, +.>For the Reynolds average flow velocity or concentration in the j direction in space, +.>Is the Reynolds average of the atmospheric pressure, p is the atmospheric pressure, v is the air viscosity, x j For spatial measure in the j direction, +.>And->Mean value of the transient speed or concentration in i and j directions, respectively, +.>Represents u i And u j Cross-correlation index of>Is a turbulent flux;
adopting a k-epsilon model to carry out numerical simulation on the internal air flow field of the subway station; the k-epsilon model consists of a turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate equation and a turbulent kinetic energy equation:
wherein epsilon is the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation ratio, k is the turbulent kinetic energy, C 1 、C 2 、σ k Sigma (sigma) ε Is an empirical parameter of the k- ε model, v t Is the turbulent viscosity coefficient, U i And U k Respectively the turbulence energy in different space dimensions x i And x k Respectively measuring in two mutually independent space dimensions;
viscosity coefficient v for turbulence t Parameterizing:
wherein C is μ Is a model parameter;
the initial values of the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate epsilon and the turbulent kinetic energy k are as follows:
wherein I is turbulence intensity, |u ref I isThe absolute value of the reference velocity, l, is the turbulence scale;
when the wall in the chamber is treated near the wall surface, an improved turbulence model is used, and according to the law of the wall surface, the following steps are adopted:
wherein E and kappa are constant, u + To be the nondimensional wind speed, y + The normal distance from the node to the wall surface after dimensionless treatment; when y is + >30, satisfying a logarithmic rate shown in formula (8) on a near wall surface; assuming that the generation and dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy in the wall-facing region are numerically equal, the non-dimensionalized formula is:
wherein u is the characteristic wind speed of the near wall surface, and tau w V is the air viscosity in the shearing direction, and y is the dimensionless distance in the shearing direction.
In a second aspect, a system for generating an emergency plan for gas diffusion in a subway station is provided, including: the simulation module is used for carrying out numerical simulation on the diffusion condition of the biochemical gas in the subway station by adopting the numerical simulation method for the diffusion of the biochemical gas in the subway station; the data acquisition module is used for acquiring biochemical gas diffusion parameters in the subway station through various sensors arranged in the subway station; the data sensing and spatial interpolation module is used for carrying out four-dimensional variation assimilation of data between the three-dimensional live-action digital twin systems of the subway station according to the collected biochemical gas diffusion parameters in the subway station and carrying out three-dimensional network construction of gas concentration so as to realize real-time data intercommunication when the biochemical gas leakage dangerous case occurs and simultaneously realize numerical simulation work of emission source position determination, regional distribution, physical diffusion track and expected concentration distribution and starting of an alert mode; the generation and management module of the dynamic evaluation and emergency plan library is used for uploading the collected biochemical gas diffusion parameters in the subway station to the three-dimensional live-action digital twin system of the subway station after processing, and carrying out quantitative decision based on historical data to give an evaluation result and a hazard degree grade; the emergency scheme generating module is used for setting initialization parameters according to the typical working state of the subway station and generating a personalized scheme library; when biochemical gas leaks at a certain position in the subway station, the physical diffusion track and the three-dimensional spatial-temporal distribution of the concentration of the gas are matched to generate a plurality of emergency treatment decisions and emergency escape schemes; and comparing the similarity between the biochemical gas diffusion parameters acquired by the data acquisition module and preset initial values in an emergency plan library, selecting a case group with the matching degree reaching a threshold value and being optimal, personalizing to generate a route with the lowest security risk level, and matching emergency treatment decision deployment.
With reference to the second aspect, the construction of the emergency plan library includes: referring to typical cases of emergency events of subway stations at home and abroad, screening a high risk area put in an inner space of the subway station concerned, combining a leakage source range and strength, volatility of gas, ambient wind speed, turbulence strength and subway running state, calculating a simulated physical diffusion main path of the gas, generating a possible path of secondary pollution after being dispersed by background wind under a ventilation condition, personalizing to generate an escape route with the lowest safety risk, and matching emergency treatment decision deployment, including personnel evacuation, emergency service and medical help provision, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: the taking of the gas mask, the medical rescue route and the on-site rescue measures when people are infected and poisoned.
With reference to the second aspect, the feasibility assessment of the emergency plan by the three-dimensional live-action digital twin system of the subway station comprises the following steps: the subway station three-dimensional live-action digital twin system evaluates and divides dangerous cases and risk grades in the subway station according to the obtained data, compares the dangerous cases and risk grades with preset initial values in a plan library in a similarity mode, and makes a next decision according to the obtained similarity values: if the similarity reaches a threshold value, extracting a matching case group from a plan library, carrying out feasibility analysis on schemes in the plan group, and selecting the scheme with the smallest implementation difficulty and highest efficiency; if the similarity does not reach the threshold value, the key parameters are imported into a simulation module to perform numerical simulation of the key physical parameters, a personalized emergency scheme is generated urgently according to a simulation result, or weighted correction is performed based on a plurality of cases with highest matching degree at present, and the emergency scheme is updated in time according to the uploading data of the on-site hardware sensing facilities or new scheme generation is performed.
With reference to the second aspect, the system further includes a visualization module, where the visualization module includes: the wind speed, the wind direction, the physical diffusion track and the turbulent kinetic energy are displayed in a human-computer interaction system display, a three-dimensional intensity distribution chromatogram, a future physical diffusion track and streamline parameters are further drawn, the expected development condition of the gas at a key ventilation node or near a region where the gas is likely to accumulate is displayed in a dynamic mode, a three-dimensional live-action digital twin system of the subway station is connected with an in-station display system in parallel to form a characteristic mapping relation, and the obtained dispatching command scheme and first-aid command measures are transmitted to in-station audio-video output equipment by the Internet of things technology for on-site visual guidance.
With reference to the second aspect, the sensor includes, but is not limited to, a particulate matter sensor, a specific gas concentration sensor, a high-speed power amplifier, a wind speed sensor, a wind direction sensor gas composition detector, and a particulate matter concentration monitoring device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, a three-dimensional simulation model of a subway station is established according to the internal building pattern of the subway station and the atmosphere interaction conditions inside and outside the subway station, then a constant flux boundary is set and finite element numerical value differential processing is carried out on the basis of the atmosphere space inside and outside the subway station and the surface simulation precision requirement on the internal building of the subway station so as to generate grids, wherein the grids comprise structured grids and unstructured grids; according to the typical working state of the subway station and the weather wind field state outside the subway station, respectively establishing initial value conditions for fluid dynamics numerical value solution, and solving a dynamic Navier-Stokes equation of corresponding three-dimensional space refined air flow to obtain an air flow field inside the subway station; based on the generated grids and the air flow field in the subway station, after biochemical gas leakage occurs in key positions of the subway station, the diffusion state parameters of the biochemical gas are solved, simulation of the whole diffusion process after the biochemical gas is released in the inner space of the three-dimensional simulation model of the subway station is completed, a simulation result is obtained, an emergency planning case group is generated according to the corresponding typical working state of the subway station and the weather wind field state label outside the subway station by the simulation result, and meanwhile, the emergency planning case group is stored in an emergency plan library of the three-dimensional live-action digital twin system of the subway station. The invention can carry out high-precision numerical simulation on the air flow field in the subway station, and produce a corresponding emergency plan, thereby providing scientific basis and quantitative decision capability for disaster evaluation and emergency treatment in special emergency, and having the characteristics of high simulation degree, high resolution and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the main flow and basic idea of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure and function of a three-dimensional live-action digital twin system in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a three-dimensional modeling and internal air flow field numerical simulation method for a subway station according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the structure and function of a data acquisition module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the construction and function of the generation and management module of the dynamic evaluation and emergency plan library according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a visual implementation of an emergency plan in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a flow chart for generating a nuclear-biochemical gas diffusion emergency plan in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a system interface diagram of a nuclear biochemical gas diffusion emergency plan.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, a method for simulating the diffusion value of biochemical gas in a subway station includes: according to the internal building pattern of the subway station and the atmosphere interaction condition inside and outside the subway station, a three-dimensional simulation model of the subway station is built, then a constant flux boundary is set and finite element numerical value difference processing is carried out on the basis of the atmosphere space inside and outside the subway station and the surface simulation precision requirement on the internal building of the subway station so as to generate grids, wherein the grids comprise structured grids and unstructured grids; according to the typical working state of the subway station and the weather wind field state outside the subway station, respectively establishing initial value conditions for fluid dynamics numerical value solution, and solving a dynamic Navier-Stokes equation of corresponding three-dimensional space refined air flow to obtain an air flow field inside the subway station; based on the generated grids and the air flow field in the subway station, after biochemical gas leakage occurs in key positions of the subway station, the diffusion state parameters of the biochemical gas are solved, simulation of the whole diffusion process after the biochemical gas is released in the inner space of the three-dimensional simulation model of the subway station is completed, a simulation result is obtained, an emergency planning case group is generated according to the corresponding typical working state of the subway station and the weather wind field state label outside the subway station by the simulation result, and meanwhile, the emergency planning case group is stored in an emergency plan library of the three-dimensional live-action digital twin system of the subway station.
The internal building pattern of the subway station is obtained based on field measurement, and comprises the building design and internal structure information of the subway station; according to the internal building pattern and internal aerodynamic characteristics of a subway station, a full-size high-precision simulation three-dimensional model is established, then according to the internal atmosphere space and the simulation precision requirement on the surface detail degree of a building, a non-uniform high-precision grid is generated in the simulation model, and a constant flux boundary is set for finite element numerical differential processing. The grid includes structured and unstructured high quality grids.
Typical operating conditions of a subway station include, but are not limited to, single-side train entering/exiting a station, double-side train entering/exiting a station, single-side/double-side train stay in a station, and double-side station clear; meteorological wind field conditions outside the subway station include, but are not limited to, a calm wind environment, a strong wind environment.
Key locations for subway stations include, but are not limited to, subway rail sites, beside platforms, and escalator walkways. Air flow field numerical simulation parameters include, but are not limited to: wind speed, wind direction, turbulence kinetic energy, turbulence dissipation ratio and the like represent meteorological characteristic quantities of the physical diffusion state of air.
The method comprises the steps of establishing a three-dimensional simulation model of the subway station, wherein the three-dimensional simulation model comprises the steps of measuring the frame pattern of the actual size of the subway station and the information of hardware sensing equipment in advance, and establishing a full-simulation 3D model by utilizing three-dimensional modeling software. Diffusion state parameters of biochemical gases include, but are not limited to, physical diffusion trajectories of biochemical gases, turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate, and changes in spatial three-dimensional distribution of concentration over time.
The invention solves a dynamic Navier-Stokes equation of corresponding three-dimensional refined air flow by using a Raynaud time-averaged method, and is specifically shown below.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, a system for generating an emergency plan for generating a gas diffusion in a subway station, comprising: the simulation module is used for carrying out numerical simulation on the diffusion condition of the biochemical gas in the subway station by adopting a numerical simulation method of the diffusion of the biochemical gas in the subway station; the data acquisition module is used for acquiring biochemical gas diffusion parameters in the subway station through various sensors arranged in the subway station; the data sensing and spatial interpolation module is used for carrying out four-dimensional variation assimilation of data between the three-dimensional live-action digital twin systems of the subway station according to the collected biochemical gas diffusion parameters in the subway station and carrying out three-dimensional network construction of gas concentration so as to realize real-time data intercommunication when the biochemical gas leakage dangerous case occurs and simultaneously realize numerical simulation work of emission source position determination, regional distribution, physical diffusion track and expected concentration distribution and starting of an alert mode; the generation and management module of the dynamic evaluation and emergency plan library is used for uploading the collected biochemical gas diffusion parameters in the subway station to the three-dimensional live-action digital twin system of the subway station after processing, and carrying out quantitative decision based on historical data to give an evaluation result and a hazard degree grade; the emergency scheme generating module is used for setting initialization parameters according to the typical working state of the subway station and generating a personalized scheme library; when biochemical gas leaks at a certain position in the subway station, the physical diffusion track and the three-dimensional spatial-temporal distribution of the concentration of the gas are matched to generate a plurality of emergency treatment decisions and emergency escape schemes; and comparing the similarity between the biochemical gas diffusion parameters acquired by the data acquisition module and preset initial values in an emergency plan library, selecting a case group with the matching degree reaching a threshold value and being optimal, personalizing to generate a route with the lowest security risk level, and matching emergency treatment decision deployment.
According to the invention, based on key ventilation node positions (the positions of a station inner and outer airflow field interaction surface, a section through which gas in the station circulates, and a high-sensitivity area of people in the station, specifically a subway station entrance and exit, an escalator up-down air opening, a subway inner pipeline operation communication opening, a station inner security inspection opening, a gate, a station and the like), particle or specific gas concentration detection sensors, a high-speed power amplifier, a central information integration platform and other data acquisition equipment are pre-placed, real-time data sampling is carried out, a three-dimensional live-action digital twin system is built, scene on site is monitored in real time by means of the system, four-dimensional variation assimilation of observation data acquisition and numerical simulation is realized, and a plurality of typical scene primary sides are pre-arranged, so that a corresponding emergency plan library is generated. When dangerous cases occur, disaster dynamic real-time information is acquired through three-dimensional live-action data acquisition, on-site dangerous cases are quantitatively evaluated and classified based on a digital twin system, similarity matching is carried out on the dangerous cases and a plan library, and an emergency safety escape scheme and a corresponding dangerous medium diffusion control scheme are further generated for a decision department to inquire.
The three-dimensional live-action digital twin system of the subway station is built to carry out software encapsulation on the algorithm, and mainly comprises a simulation module, a meteorological and gas concentration sensor and data acquisition module (namely a data acquisition module) in the subway station, a data perception and spatial interpolation module, a dynamic evaluation of nuclear biochemical scenes, a generation and management module of a three-dimensional simulation plan library (namely a generation and management module of a dynamic evaluation and emergency plan library) and an emergency plan generation module. The system comprises a meteorological and gas concentration sensor and a data acquisition module, wherein the meteorological and gas concentration sensor and the data acquisition module are responsible for inputting key parameters of polluted gas in a subway station, the data perception and spatial interpolation module is responsible for receiving physical parameters from the data acquisition module and performing data four-dimensional variation assimilation, an emergency scheme generation module calculates a gas diffusion main path according to a preset typical working state, generates a route with the lowest safety risk, matches an emergency treatment decision, a nuclear biochemical scene dynamic evaluation system classifies and integrates the obtained multi-condition Jing Anli group and uploads the obtained multi-condition Jing Anli group to a three-dimensional simulation scheme library so as to be convenient for invoking public safety special conditions, and the emergency scheme is uploaded to a manual interaction system by an Internet of things to be used for related departments to perform polling, so that a scene simulation, escape, rescue and other emergency treatments with early warning significance are provided for coping of emergency events.
As shown in fig. 1, after the metro station is subjected to the generation of structured and unstructured fine grids, numerical simulation is performed on the generated grids based on a Navier-Stokes equation, and then related drawing software is imported for the visualization processing. And obtaining the flow pattern of the complex space inside the subway station. The simulation of characteristic values such as wind direction, turbulence, wind speed, concentration and the like at each ventilation key node of the building is realized.
The equipment of meteorological and gas concentration sensor and data acquisition module includes: according to the actual building pattern of the subway station, based on the position of the key ventilation node, data acquisition equipment such as particulate matters or specific gas concentration detection sensors, a high-speed power amplifier, a central information integration platform and the like are placed in advance, and site scenes are monitored in real time by means of a three-dimensional live-action digital twin system, so that four-dimensional variation assimilation of an observation data acquisition and integration system is realized.
The generation module of the three-dimensional live-action digital twin system nuclear biochemical scene dynamic evaluation and three-dimensional simulation plan library comprises: and finally determining corresponding characteristic parameters in the called or generated emergency plan by the nuclear and biochemical gas leakage disaster assessment system, such as: the simulated variables such as wind speed, wind direction, physical diffusion track, turbulence kinetic energy and the like are displayed in detail in a human-computer interaction system display, parameters such as intensity distribution chromatograph, harmful gas diffusion track, streamline and the like are further drawn, the expected development details of the gas at key ventilation nodes or near the important areas where the gas is possibly accumulated are displayed in a dynamic diagram mode, and accordingly, the escape and rescue scheme with highest efficiency and feasibility is provided.
The nuclear biochemical scene dynamic evaluation module and the three-dimensional simulation plan library management module read a scheme with higher corresponding matching degree or a generated personalized emergency escape and rescue scheme through background data comparison and transmission, establish connection with an in-station display system through a server, transmit gas in real time in a three-dimensional intensity distribution chromatogram, a future physical diffusion track and a key aggregation area (a green block can be used for representing an area with lower concentration of harmful gas, red for representing a nuclear biochemical gas distribution disaster area and a streamline and arrow for guiding an escape route) in a building to scientifically guide emergency escape, and provide route planning and decision basis for on-site rescue.
The generated multi-scenario emergency plan library provides scenario simulation with early warning significance for coping with emergency events, and provides scientific optimal emergency plan for escape, rescue and other emergency treatments. The emergency scheme comprises the following steps: and further obtaining the dispersion track of the harmful gas and the space-time distribution result of the three-dimensional concentration change of the gas by combining the high-resolution background wind field generated by simulation according to the characteristic parameters such as the position, the intensity and the like of the emission source corresponding to the scene. The method comprises the steps of obtaining the data of the area with the lowest gas concentration, generating an escape route with highest safety and evacuation efficiency, sending the obtained scheme to a main control station in a station through the Internet of things for emergency working decision deployment, and carrying out on-site and broadcast escape guidance by staff according to the scheme.
As shown in fig. 2, the following description is given of a three-dimensional modeling of a subway station and an internal air flow field numerical simulation method.
The three-dimensional modeling is to use a full-simulation 3D modeling method on the basis of building tools such as Adobe Illustrator, sketchup, lumion and the like, and perform high-precision panoramic restoration based on the actual internal building pattern of the subway station; in the implementation process, the frame pattern of the actual size of the subway station and the information of the hardware sensing equipment are measured in advance, and the frame pattern of the actual size of the subway station is obtained by measuring the length, the width and the height of a building and examining the internal area of the subway station, the width of a platform, the intervals of upright posts and the placement position data of an escalator. After the data are acquired, a subway station full-simulation space model is constructed by utilizing three-dimensional modeling software. And then importing and marking the hardware sensing facility position data and parameter information to obtain a complete three-dimensional model.
The three-dimensional model obtained by the method has higher resolution and precision, can accurately express the complete building information in the subway station, and can be used for describing the surface shape and the internal structure of a non-uniform object in a building. And finally, 3D rendering is carried out on the whole model by using the corresponding plug-in, so that the whole effect is more vivid and lifelike.
The invention uses three-dimensional modeling software (such as Lumion) to build a three-dimensional dynamic model. Lumion is three-dimensional visualization software and is specially used for layout design of buildings, landscapes and indoor places. The system has a real-time rendering function, is high in compatibility and excellent in visual effect, can restore or simulate the space-time distribution characteristics of harmful gas in the subway station to the greatest extent, and provides great convenience for the implementation of the project.
The invention establishes a three-dimensional simulation model by using three-dimensional simulation modeling software.
The invention is described with reference to Sketchup: sketchup is a practical and efficient 3D modeling software. The user can analyze the spatial structure of the model by combining the functions of plane sectioning, perspective and the like in the software. Meanwhile, sketchup supports the import and export of various file formats, such as DWG, DXF,3DS,OBJ, and the like, and is used in combination with rendering software such as Lumion, V-Ray and the like, so that the operation simplicity of generating a real-time dynamic model in a building is greatly improved. The described three-dimensional simulation modeling module has the main functions of realizing the simulation numerical simulation of the initial condition setting and the numerical calculation of the flow field of the three-dimensional air flow field in the specific indoor and outdoor layout structural space, and the computational fluid dynamics (Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD) software is used in the simulation process, such as: openFOAM performs finite element numerical value differential processing on the spatial pattern of the OpenFOAM based on the internal and external atmospheric space interaction condition of the subway station and generates non-uniform high-quality grids, meets the requirement on precision in calculation, and is attached to the change of spatial curvature. In addition, the discrete method and the grid mapping method involved in the calculation process greatly improve the calculation efficiency, and fully exert the advantages of the non-uniform and fine grid in simulation numerical simulation; the system is utilized to preset a basic turbulence model and a plurality of solvers to realize the function of the fine treatment of the airflow field in the building, and a plurality of meteorological parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, turbulence kinetic energy and the like are solved in proper quantity, and the following steps are used jointly: adobe Illustrator, lumion and the like to obtain corresponding three-dimensional timing diagrams. For the required cases, solution calculations were established using OPENFOAM. OPENFOAM is compatible with various grids, and generally adopts hexahedral, tetrahedral and other simple regular geometric shapes to perform grid parameter topology processing on an analog region, and outputs the obtained result in an ASCII form.
In the invention, a plurality of standard solvers are built in OPENFOAM as an example, and a user can select a specific solver according to case needs. According to the invention, a simplefoam solver is used, a semi-implicit algorithm of a pressure coupling equation set is used for solving an N-S equation based on a finite volume algorithm, in the calculation process, a required pressure field is firstly assumed, a momentum equation is solved, the obtained discontinuous equation is corrected to obtain a speed field, the pressure field is used as an assumed field for next-layer calculation, and the iteration is performed until convergence.
The numerical simulation process is based on the simulation of a three-dimensional, steady-state Reynolds average Navier-Stokes equation. Three k- ε models were used as turbulence types for the RANS equation. The pressure-velocity is coupled by means of the semi-implicit algorithm of the simple algorithm. Grid non-orthogonality is increased using a specific numerical process while solving all convection and viscosity terms in the control equation using a second order discretization scheme. The numerical simulation process will slowly advance until the residual error, relaxation is within the desired range and the iteration ends. For the target case, assigning boundaries in three dimensions based on a Cartesian coordinate system and generating block vertices: the finite element numerical value differential processing of the model is carried out, an initial calculation boundary is firstly set under a Cartesian coordinate system, a simple grid with lower resolution is initially generated in the area, then the simple rectangular grid is further refined under the current situation by using a blockMesh, parameters involved in the step are written into a blockMeshDict file in advance, a user only needs to open a text editor to modify and edit the parameters involved, a blockMesh command is input under a terminal background, the implementation is carried out according to an enter key, and the system automatically calls the parameters in the blockMeshDict to generate a corresponding fine grid. When the grid generation is successful, the system automatically generates a poly Mesh folder under the constant folder, wherein the stored data is the grid required by calculation. Further, the grid is further refined by inputting the snappyHexmesh command under the current grid background, so that the grid resolution is improved, and a solid foundation is laid for subsequent high-precision calculation. Similarly, before this step is performed, the user still needs to modify the parameters according to the operation requirement in the corresponding dictionary file snappyHexMeshDict file in advance.
The resolution of the process is further refined under the condition that the system automatically generates grids, so that the resolution can meet the requirement of subsequent numerical simulation. In the grid generation process, the OpenFOAM firstly generates surfaces by the existing point information based on block vertex positions and the set geometric field information, then generates grid units according to interaction subordination relations among the surfaces, and further carries out adhesive connection on grids according to grid adjacent relations to obtain a uniquely determined composite high-precision grid.
The following description is the main algorithm and boundary condition setting involved in three-dimensional simulation numerical simulation calculation by the supercomputer: solving an N-S (Navier-Stokes) equation, wherein the using method is a Reynolds time-averaged method, and performing Reynolds decomposition on main variables in the N-S equation, wherein the Reynolds decomposition is expressed as an average quantity and a disturbance quantityThen, with back into the N-S equation, the Reynolds-averaged N-S equation (RANS) can be derived, and the set of RANS equations for a steady state incompressible fluid is represented as follows:
wherein ρ is the air density; u (u) i For the concentration or velocity of the biochemical gas micelles in the i direction, i=1, 2,3 correspond to the x, y, z directions in the three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system, respectively; u (u) j For the concentration or velocity of the biochemical gas micelles in the j direction, j=1, 2,3 correspond to the x, y, z directions in the three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system, respectively, and i+.j; For the Reynolds average flow velocity or concentration in the i-direction in space, x i For spatial measure of i direction, +.>For the Reynolds average flow velocity or concentration in the j direction in space, +.>Is the Reynolds average of the atmospheric pressure, p is the atmospheric pressure, v is the air viscosity, x j For spatial measure in the j direction, +.>And->Mean value of the transient speed or concentration in i and j directions, respectively, +.>Represents u i And u j Cross-correlation index of>Is a turbulent flux;
compared to the N-S equation, RANS has six more unknown terms of reynolds stress factors, which raises the problem of equation unclamping, and therefore other models must be applied to achieve turbulent confinement. In the process of the model for treating the problems, a zero-order model, a first-order model and a second-order model are usually used, and in engineering calculation, the common models are the second-order models (k-epsilon and k-omega), and the invention adopts the k-epsilon model to carry out numerical simulation on the internal air flow field of the subway station; the k-epsilon model consists of a turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate equation and a turbulent kinetic energy equation:
where ε is the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation ratio and k is the turbulenceFlow energy, C 1 、C 2 、σ k Sigma (sigma) ε Is an empirical parameter of the k- ε model, v t Is the turbulent viscosity coefficient, U i And U k Respectively the turbulence energy in different space dimensions x i And x k Respectively measuring in two mutually independent space dimensions;
C 1 、C 2 、σ k Sigma (sigma) ε The best fit between the typical experimental results and the example results shows that the parameters are commonly used and detailed in tables 1-1. In particular, the invention requires a modification of the turbulence viscosity coefficient v introduced in the model t Parameterizing:
wherein C is μ For model parameters, table 1-1 gives default values for corresponding default parameters in the k-epsilon model used by the present invention, which the user can make modifications according to different simulation objects,
table 1-1 reference values table of main parameters in model
In the formula (2),is physically defined as u i And u j Flux due to physical correlation of two sets of variables, if both are airflow velocity variables, momentum flux in the other direction due to airflow pulsation in one dimension; if the two variables are respectively the air flow speed and the substance concentration, the cross-correlation index means the advection flux of the concentration gradient in the current speed direction, correspondingly +.>Is a turbulent flux; openFOAM also incorporates a solver corresponding to the model and sets parameters accordingly according to table annex 1-1.
In the numerical simulation process, the initial values of the turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rate epsilon and the turbulence kinetic energy k are respectively determined by a formula (6) and a formula (7):
wherein I is turbulence intensity, |u ref I is the absolute value of the reference velocity, l is the turbulence scale;
When the wall surface of the chamber is treated near the wall surface, the turbulence development is insufficient due to the small Reynolds number near the wall surface, and the result is inaccurate by using a k- ε model suitable for only high Reynolds number, so that improvement of the turbulence model is required near the wall surface. In the near wall region, a single shear force is generally assumed, and the relationship of ε, k and friction speeds τ, u is expressed in a semi-implicit expression. The development of turbulence is affected by the wall surface to a degree that depends on its distance from the wall surface. The invention uses an improved turbulence model, according to the wall law:
wherein E and kappa are constant, u + To be the nondimensional wind speed, y + The normal distance from the node to the wall surface after dimensionless treatment; when y is + >30, satisfying a logarithmic rate shown in formula (8) on a near wall surface; assuming that the generation and dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy in the wall-facing region are numerically equal, the non-dimensionalized formula is:
wherein u is the characteristic wind speed of the near wall surface, and tau w V is the air viscosity in the shear direction, and y is the dimensionless distance (measure) in the shear direction. In actual calculation, when y + >30 meet the wall faceThe numerical function is regular.
OPENFOAM has multiple solvers built in, and a user can select a proper solver in a targeted manner according to the case calculation requirement. According to the invention, a simplefoam solver is used, a semi-implicit algorithm of a pressure coupling equation set is used for solving an N-S equation based on a finite volume algorithm, in the calculation process, a required pressure field is firstly assumed, a momentum equation is solved, the obtained discontinuous equation is corrected to obtain a speed field, the pressure field is used as an assumed field for next-layer calculation, and the iteration is performed until convergence. The numerical simulation process is based on simulation of a three-dimensional, steady-state Reynolds average Navier-Stokes equation. Three k- ε models were used as turbulence types for the RANS equation. The pressure-velocity is coupled by means of the semi-implicit algorithm of the simple algorithm. Grid non-orthogonality is increased using a specific numerical process while solving all convection and viscosity terms in the control equation using a second order discretization scheme. The numerical simulation process will slowly advance until the residual error, relaxation is within the desired range and the iteration ends. In the numerical simulation process of the mode, the boundary condition of a calculation region is set to be a zero gradient boundary, and the part close to the wall surface is an absorptive boundary condition. Setting corresponding parameters for different background wind fields under the condition, wherein turbulent kinetic energy k, turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate epsilon and turbulent viscosity coefficient v t Calculated according to the formulas (5), (6) and (7). The above-described mesh includes an internal mesh and a boundary mesh. The boundary grids are required to be set with boundary conditions, namely, under a boundary file, a user needs to obtain boundary condition information of a target subway station in advance before drawing the grids, and the types of the related boundaries are divided and the types of the grids contained in the boundary grids are judged. Further, aiming at the characteristics of high fineness of the subway station model and complex boundary surfaces, in order to determine whether the boundary is an OPENFOAM grid, a corresponding boundary barrier surface is required to be written in a boundary file by utilizing a script, and then the whole boundary is subjected to data processing by using a barrier surface function method, wherein related variables comprise wind speed, wind direction, turbulence dissipation rate and the like.
In the current nuclear and biochemical gas leakage event aiming at urban public places, scientific and technical means are deficient only by virtue of subjective judgment and relevant experience of relevant parts, and the current numerical simulation in the field of atmospheric science only aims at the numerical simulation of middle-scale urban crown layer number with lower resolution and larger area range, but in the microscale level, particularly the numerical simulation of the internal layout structure of a building, no large-scale application case exists yet. The scheme provided by the invention refers to a semi-implicit algorithm of a simple algorithm and an RANS equation on the basis of the original numerical simulation scheme, and adopts mathematical processing means such as multiple iterations and the like to greatly improve the accuracy and feasibility of the traditional numerical simulation. The method comprises the steps of presetting an emission source and relevant characteristic meteorological parameters at a specific position, simulating a main dispersion track of harmful gas in a subway station and a three-dimensional change distribution map of gas concentration caused by piston wind brought by future train arrival in a specific time, wherein the simulation of the obtained variables comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of (1) indoor wind speed, wind direction, gas concentration and turbulence dissipation rate, further drawing a fault slice diagram, a three-dimensional flow diagram and an expected diffusion track diagram of nuclear and biochemical gas for simulating gas flow in a station, performing disaster grade division and risk assessment on-site nuclear and biochemical dangerous situations according to the fault slice diagram, the three-dimensional flow diagram and the expected diffusion track diagram, and implementing corresponding escape guidance and emergency rescue activities by means of a man-machine interaction system to finally form a dynamic personalized nuclear and biochemical emergency management system with a manual interaction function.
The three-dimensional real-scene digital twin system mainly comprises a Meteorological and gas concentration sensor and a data acquisition module in the subway station, a data perception and spatial interpolation module, a generation and management module of a nuclear biochemical scene three-dimensional simulation plan library and an emergency plan generation sub-module.
As shown in fig. 3, the data acquisition and deployment scheme includes an internal meteorological and gas concentration sensor and data acquisition module and a data sensing and spatial interpolation module of the three-dimensional live-action digital twin system: the inside meteorological and gas concentration sensor and the data acquisition module comprise: the particle or specific gas concentration detection sensor, the high-speed power amplifier, a plurality of computer data integration acquisition systems such as central information integration platform carry out characteristic parameter input, calculation work to the scene nuclear biochemical dangerous case, and the core variables include: nuclear biochemical gas concentration, wind speed and turbulence diffusion intensity. The equipment is put in possible nuclear and biochemical gas in a subway station according to the following scheme, and a stacking area is planned and deployed and key data are acquired: the underground station is provided with an on-ground entrance, an underground first-layer and underground second-layer automatic ladder way, and detection, sensing and data transmission modules are arranged at the end parts of two sides of each layer and on the wall surface of the top.
The data acquisition and transmission module performs four-dimensional variation assimilation of data between the three-dimensional digital twin system through the data perception and spatial interpolation module, performs three-dimensional network construction of gas concentration, is convenient for realizing real-time intercommunication of data when nuclear biochemical gas leakage dangerous situations occur, and combines other submodules of the system to realize a series of numerical simulation work such as emission source position determination, regional distribution, physical diffusion track, expected concentration distribution and the like and starting of an alert mode.
When the central integrated information processing platform receives sensor input information, high-speed data processing is carried out, characteristic information such as gas position, wind speed and concentration is input, the characteristic information is tidied, summarized and screened for authenticity, integrated data are uploaded to a three-dimensional live-action digital twin system, a server firstly evaluates and divides dangerous cases and risk grades in a station according to the obtained data, similarity comparison is carried out between the data and a preset initial value in a plan library, and next decision is carried out according to the obtained similarity value:
if the similarity reaches a threshold value, extracting a matching case group from the plan library, carrying out feasibility analysis on the schemes in the plan group, and selecting the scheme with the minimum implementation difficulty and highest efficiency. If the similarity does not reach the threshold, the key parameters are imported into a three-dimensional numerical simulation system to perform numerical simulation work, and the method mainly comprises the following steps: generating a diffusion track and a three-dimensional concentration distribution prediction diagram of harmful gas in a specific time in the future, and further customizing an emergency plan in a personalized manner according to the obtained result.
As shown in fig. 4, the following description is a generation and management module of a dynamic evaluation and three-dimensional simulation plan library for a nuclear biochemical scenario: under the module, a detection sample is obtained by a particulate matter or specific gas concentration detection sensor in a station, data analysis and amplification are carried out through a high-speed power amplifier, a central information integration platform carries out arrangement summarization and authenticity screening on obtained sample data, the integrated data is uploaded to a three-dimensional live-action digital twin system, a quantization decision is carried out on a current scene by the module in the system according to a case in a conventional public disaster data information base, and a scientific evaluation result and a dangerous degree grade determination are given out based on an emergency disaster evaluation guideline in the related field. Further, similar case inquiry is carried out on the scene in an emergency plan database of the three-dimensional live-action digital twin system, if the matching degree is larger than or equal to a certain threshold value, the current emergency plan is recorded, otherwise, the current data is handed over to a simulation module to simulate key meteorological parameters in a station and customize a personalized emergency plan, or the weighted correction is carried out based on a plurality of cases with highest matching degree at present, and the calling of the emergency plan is updated in time or the generation of a new plan is carried out according to the uploading data of the field hardware sensing facilities. The simulation of the key meteorological parameters comprises, but is not limited to, nuclear and biochemical gas diffusion dynamics, in-station harmful gas physical diffusion trend and concentration area distribution, so that the functions of on-site active monitoring and prediction of the three-dimensional concentration distribution and trend of the in-station harmful gas in a certain time in the future of the nuclear and biochemical gas are realized, and the feasibility and the high efficiency of emergency measures are ensured.
As shown in fig. 5, the following is described as a visual implementation of the emergency plan: corresponding characteristic parameters in the emergency plan called or newly generated by the nuclear and biochemical gas leakage disaster assessment system are as follows: the method comprises the steps of displaying analog variables such as wind speed, wind direction, physical diffusion track, turbulence kinetic energy and the like in a human-computer interaction system display in detail, further drawing parameters such as a three-dimensional intensity distribution chromatogram, a future physical diffusion track, a streamline and the like, displaying expected gas development details at key ventilation nodes or near a possible accumulation key area of gas in a moving mode, establishing connection with an in-station display system by a parallel digital twin system to form a characteristic mapping relation, conveying an obtained dispatching command scheme and emergency command measures (wherein a green block is used for representing a region with lower concentration of harmful gas, red is used for representing a nuclear biochemical gas distribution heavy disaster area, and a streamline and an arrow guide escape route) to an in-station audio-video output device to conduct on-site visual guidance on masses, and providing scene simulation with early warning significance for the response of emergency events and providing a scientific optimal scheme for escape, rescue and other emergency treatments.
The invention relates to a full-simulation refined quantitative digital simulation scheme of a three-dimensional live-action digital twin system, wherein the numerical simulation process is based on the simulation of a three-dimensional steady-state Raynaud average Navier-Stokes equation. Three k- ε models were used as turbulence types for the RANS equation. The pressure-velocity is coupled by means of the semi-implicit algorithm of the simple algorithm. Grid non-orthogonality is increased using a specific numerical process while solving all convection and viscosity terms in the control equation using a second order discretization scheme.
In addition, in the existing turbulence calculation schemes in the field of atmospheric science, reynolds Average (RANS), large vortex simulation (LES) and Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) are mainly used, wherein the large vortex simulation (LES) is a turbulence calculation scheme suitable for small-scale pulsation to influence flow, filtering is performed on an N-S equation, pulsation smaller than a filtering scale is expressed by using a model, and large vortices on a grid scale are directly solved for vortices larger than the filtering scale to simulate turbulence, and the simulation method can distinguish more flow details. For Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS), this is a direct solution to turbulence of all dimensions, and the flow can be solved on a very small spatial and temporal scale to directly capture all details of the turbulence. Compared with the two methods, the Reynolds Average (RANS) numerical simulation model greatly improves the parallel efficiency and saves the calculation resources under the condition that the simulation degree required by the case is met, has universality on similar events such as indoor microscale air flow field pollutant diffusion concentration simulation and the like, can optimize the calculation performance on the basis of meeting the accurate prediction of disaster development trend when public safety events occur, strives for precious time for disaster emergency planning, furthest guarantees personal safety of people in a station, reduces property loss, and has obvious technical advantages in the disaster emergency field of public places by combining the scheme with the three-dimensional live-action digital twin system.
The aspects described below cover a layout scheme of a hardware sensing device and a computer integrated data acquisition system in a three-dimensional live-action digital twin system, where the hardware sensing device includes: the system comprises a particle or specific gas concentration detection sensor, a high-speed power amplifier, a central information integration platform and a plurality of detection input devices, wherein the detection input devices are used for collecting related data of harmful gas in a subway station in real time, and characteristic parameters mainly comprise wind speed, wind direction and turbulent kinetic energy; the data acquisition equipment is mainly arranged in a subway station according to the following layout scheme so as to acquire related variables: the underground station is provided with an on-ground entrance, an underground first-layer and underground second-layer automatic ladder way, an air speed and air direction sensor is arranged beside an underground second-layer track, a particulate matter concentration monitor is arranged on the top wall surface, and a gas component detector and particulate matter concentration monitoring equipment are arranged beside a ground track, an automatic ladder way and an upright post in the station.
The invention discloses a method for performing three-dimensional model on the internal structure of a subway station, taking sknchup as an example. The modeler opens the skipchup software, in the mode of 'meter' resolution, the three-dimensional modeling is carried out on the subway station by measuring the actual building pattern inside the subway station and reading the relevant design drawing (such as CAD), the three-dimensional modeling mainly comprises the steps of constructing the plane pattern of the subway station by utilizing a straight line and a curve tool, converting the plane pattern into a three-dimensional structure by utilizing a push-pull tool, finally generating a space layout structure which can definitely embody the space layout structure related to air fluid inside the subway station in the software, and carrying out important and finer labeling on possible main factors influencing the pneumatic characteristics.
The invention discloses fluid mechanics numerical simulation software OpenFOAM, which is used for constructing calculation cells of the constructed three-dimensional model and performing corresponding numerical simulation work. Based on the internal and external atmospheric space of the subway station and the simulation precision requirement on the surface of the building, finite element numerical difference processing is carried out on the subway station so as to generate non-uniform high-precision grids, the generated grids cover structured and unstructured high-quality grids, the change of space curvature is attached while the precision requirement is met, the operation efficiency is improved, and the high-speed and stable and constant calculation process is ensured by the fusion implementation of autonomous development and the existing turbulence calculation scheme.
Dividing grids: in the initial stage of numerical simulation, the calculation region of the target model is divided, and a solution domain is divided into a plurality of micro grid units mainly by using a plurality of grid division tools, so that the discretization space range of the study is obtained, and the calculation precision is improved.
The grid division is carried out, firstly, a subway station model is required to be imported into an OPENFOAM, then a rectangular grid is generated in a calculation domain, and on the basis, the grid is further refined by a grid processing tool to improve the grid resolution, so that a more accurate gas diffusion path is obtained.
Initial boundary condition setting: the boundary grid needs to set boundary conditions, namely, under the boundary file, a user needs to acquire boundary condition information of a target subway station in advance before drawing the grid, and the type of the related boundary is divided and the type of the grid contained in the related boundary is judged. Further, aiming at the characteristics of high fineness of the subway station model and complex boundary surfaces, in order to determine whether the boundary is an OpeFOAM grid, a user needs to write a corresponding boundary barrier surface in a boundary file by utilizing a script, and then uses a barrier surface function method to process data of the whole boundary, wherein related variables comprise wind speed, wind direction, turbulence dissipation rate and the like. After the parameters are modified, a user only needs to open a terminal under a case folder, input a blockMesh command, execute the command according to Enter, and the system automatically calls the parameters in the blockMeshDict to generate corresponding fine grids. When the grid generation is successful, the system automatically generates a poly Mesh folder under the constant folder, wherein the stored data is the grid required by calculation. Furthermore, the grid is further refined by inputting the snappyHexmesh command under the current grid background so as to improve the resolution of the grid, a solid foundation is laid for subsequent high-precision calculation, and the user still needs to modify the related parameters in the corresponding dictionary file snappyHexMeshDict file according to the calculation requirement before the step is carried out. The resolution of the process is further refined under the condition that the system automatically generates grids, so that the resolution can meet the requirement of subsequent numerical simulation.
Aiming at the working states of various subways, the practical situations of different background wind fields such as the presence of a train entering station, the entrance and exit of a single-side or double-side train in a platform, the subway exit at the ground and the like are examined, and the wind of the above-mentioned layers is considered to be mainly in the horizontal wind direction, so that a straight horizontal wind field is arranged in a mode.
Solution is performed using the reynolds equation: turbulent motion was simulated in a numerical simulation process as based on the three-dimensional, steady-state rand average naltrexon-stokes (RANS) equation. Three k- ε models were used as turbulence types for the RANS equation. The pressure-velocity is coupled by means of the semi-implicit algorithm of the simple algorithm. Grid non-orthogonality is increased using a specific numerical process while solving all convection and viscosity terms in the control equation using a second order discretization scheme. The numerical simulation process will slowly advance until the residual error, relaxation is within the desired range and the iteration ends. At the end, the orders of magnitude of x and y reach 10 -6 On the order of magnitude.
Obtaining a result file: in the method, a plurality of solvers are built in software (taking OpenFOAM) as an example, and a user can pertinently select a proper solver according to case calculation needs. The invention uses a simplefoam solver to calculate the corresponding pressure field.
Considering that different subway working states and complex building patterns have great influence on physical diffusion tracks after nuclear and biochemical gas leakage and interaction conditions of the physical diffusion tracks and the internal air, the case mainly aims at numerical simulation of indoor air flow patterns.
And (3) forming an escape and rescue scheme based on a flow field and diffusion simulation result:
a) The accumulation condition near the nuclear biochemical gas leakage source determines an extremely high risk area, the concentration of the area is at the highest value at the initial stage of gas release, the area is extremely easy to cause physiological irreversible damage or injury and death after personnel inhale, and the area is placed at the primary position in the rescue process.
b) The change of the wind field in the station caused by different subway working states is a key factor causing the diffusion of harmful gas, the physical diffusion track of the wind field is affected deeply, the future gas diffusion area is a high-risk area, important attention is paid to the area during rescue, and a large amount of rescue force is transmitted.
c) When planning an escape route, the system should avoid the risk area at first, and guide people to evacuate to the place with low gas concentration and good interaction condition with the external wind field.
d) Emergency self-rescue guidance should be implemented for people in extremely high risk areas, scientific path planning should be implemented for people in high risk areas, rescue time should be shortened, panic emotion of people should be stabilized as much as possible, and harmful gas inhalation amount and physiological injury degree should be minimized.
According to the invention, through the three-dimensional full-simulation numerical simulation of the nuclear biochemical emergency cases and the generation of the emergency plans under various typical situations, a big data emergency plan library with wide coverage situations and high simulation degree is finally formed, and a scientific consultation data base is provided for sudden public safety events.
As shown in fig. 8, an interface diagram of a nuclear biochemical gas diffusion emergency plan system is shown.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
for the current sudden public safety events such as nuclear biochemistry and the like, the qualitative experience and organization mode of relevant parts are mainly relied on, and the scheme can provide a scientific method and a technical means based on full-simulation refined quantitative numerical calculation capability and provide scientific support for relevant emergency treatment.
Most of the existing numerical simulations in the field of atmospheric science are only aimed at the diffusion transmission of mesoscale atmospheric pollutants with lower resolution and larger area range, but no large-scale application is available for the numerical simulation system of the fine flow field and the pollutant concentration on the micro scale, such as the specific to the interior of the street and the interior space of the building. The invention is one innovative application of numerical mode in the field of atmospheric science on a microscale flow field.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for simulating the diffusion value of the biochemical gas in the subway station is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
according to the internal building pattern of the subway station and the atmosphere interaction condition inside and outside the subway station, a three-dimensional simulation model of the subway station is built, then a constant flux boundary is set and finite element numerical value difference processing is carried out on the basis of the atmosphere space inside and outside the subway station and the surface simulation precision requirement on the internal building of the subway station so as to generate grids, wherein the grids comprise structured grids and unstructured grids;
according to the typical working state of the subway station and the weather wind field state outside the subway station, respectively establishing initial value conditions for fluid dynamics numerical value solution, and solving a dynamic Navier-Stokes equation of corresponding three-dimensional space refined air flow to obtain an air flow field inside the subway station;
based on the generated grids and the air flow field in the subway station, after biochemical gas leakage occurs in key positions of the subway station, the diffusion state parameters of the biochemical gas are solved, simulation of the whole diffusion process after the biochemical gas is released in the inner space of the three-dimensional simulation model of the subway station is completed, a simulation result is obtained, an emergency planning case group is generated according to the corresponding typical working state of the subway station and the weather wind field state label outside the subway station by the simulation result, and meanwhile, the emergency planning case group is stored in an emergency plan library of the three-dimensional live-action digital twin system of the subway station.
2. The method for simulating the numerical diffusion of biochemical gas in a subway station according to claim 1, wherein the typical working conditions of the subway station include, but are not limited to, single-side train entering/exiting a station, double-side train entering/exiting a station, single-side/double-side train staying in a station and double-side station emptying;
meteorological wind field conditions outside the subway station include, but are not limited to, a calm wind environment, a strong wind environment.
3. The method for numerical simulation of the diffusion of biochemical gases in a subway station according to claim 1, wherein the key positions of the subway station include but are not limited to subway rail, side of a platform and automatic elevator entrance.
4. The method for simulating the diffusion of biochemical gas in a subway station according to claim 1, wherein the diffusion state parameters of the biochemical gas include, but are not limited to, physical diffusion trajectory, turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate and three-dimensional distribution of concentration space of the biochemical gas with time.
5. The method for numerical simulation of the diffusion of the biochemical gas in the subway station according to claim 1, wherein a dynamic Navier-Stokes equation of the corresponding three-dimensional refined air flow is solved by using a Reynolds time-averaged method, the main variables in the Navier-Stokes equation are subjected to Reynolds decomposition, expressed as an average quantity and a disturbance quantity, and then the Navier-Stokes equation is carried back to derive a Navier-Stokes equation set of a steady-state incompressible fluid with an average Reynolds number, expressed as follows:
Wherein ρ is the air density; u (u) i For the concentration or velocity of the biochemical gas micelles in the i direction, i=1, 2,3 correspond to the x, y, z directions in the three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system, respectively; u (u) j For the concentration or velocity of the biochemical gas micelles in the j direction, j=1, 2,3 correspond to the x, y, z directions in the three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system, respectively, and i+.j;for the Reynolds average flow velocity or concentration in the i-direction in space, x i For spatial measure of i direction, +.>For the Reynolds average flow velocity or concentration in the j direction in space, +.>Is the Reynolds average of the atmospheric pressure, p is the atmospheric pressure, v is the air viscosity, x j For spatial measure in the j direction, +.>And->Mean value of the transient speed or concentration in i and j directions, respectively, +.>Represents u i And u j Cross-correlation index of>Is a turbulent flux;
adopting a k-epsilon model to carry out numerical simulation on the internal air flow field of the subway station; the k-epsilon model consists of a turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate equation and a turbulent kinetic energy equation:
wherein epsilon is the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation ratio, k is the turbulent kinetic energy, C 1 、C 2 、σ k Sigma (sigma) ε Is an empirical parameter of the k- ε model, v t Is the viscosity coefficient of the turbulent flow,U i and U k Respectively the turbulence energy in different space dimensions x i And x k Respectively measuring in two mutually independent space dimensions;
Viscosity coefficient v for turbulence t Parameterizing:
wherein C is μ Is a model parameter;
the initial values of the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate epsilon and the turbulent kinetic energy k are as follows:
wherein I is turbulence intensity, |u ref I is the absolute value of the reference velocity, l is the turbulence scale;
when the wall in the chamber is treated near the wall surface, an improved turbulence model is used, and according to the law of the wall surface, the following steps are adopted:
wherein E and kappa are constant, u + To be the nondimensional wind speed, y + The normal distance from the node to the wall surface after dimensionless treatment; when y is + >30, satisfying a logarithmic rate shown in formula (8) on a near wall surface; assuming that the generation and dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy in the wall-facing region are numerically equal, the non-dimensionalized formula is:
wherein u is the characteristic wind speed of the near wall surface, and tau w V is the air viscosity in the shearing direction, and y is the dimensionless distance in the shearing direction.
6. A system for generating an emergency plan for gas diffusion in a subway station, comprising:
a simulation module for performing numerical simulation on the diffusion condition of the biochemical gas in the subway station by adopting the numerical simulation method of the biochemical gas diffusion in the subway station according to any one of claims 1 to 5;
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring biochemical gas diffusion parameters in the subway station through various sensors arranged in the subway station;
The data sensing and spatial interpolation module is used for carrying out four-dimensional variation assimilation of data between the three-dimensional live-action digital twin systems of the subway station according to the collected biochemical gas diffusion parameters in the subway station and carrying out three-dimensional network construction of gas concentration so as to realize real-time data intercommunication when the biochemical gas leakage dangerous case occurs and simultaneously realize numerical simulation work of emission source position determination, regional distribution, physical diffusion track and expected concentration distribution and starting of an alert mode;
the generation and management module of the dynamic evaluation and emergency plan library is used for uploading the collected biochemical gas diffusion parameters in the subway station to the three-dimensional live-action digital twin system of the subway station after processing, and carrying out quantitative decision based on historical data to give an evaluation result and a hazard degree grade;
the emergency scheme generating module is used for setting initialization parameters according to the typical working state of the subway station and generating a personalized scheme library; when biochemical gas leaks at a certain position in the subway station, the physical diffusion track and the three-dimensional spatial-temporal distribution of the concentration of the gas are matched to generate a plurality of emergency treatment decisions and emergency escape schemes; and comparing the similarity between the biochemical gas diffusion parameters acquired by the data acquisition module and preset initial values in an emergency plan library, selecting a case group with the matching degree reaching a threshold value and being optimal, personalizing to generate a route with the lowest security risk level, and matching emergency treatment decision deployment.
7. The in-subway station gas diffusion emergency plan generation system of claim 6, wherein the construction of the emergency plan library comprises:
referring to typical cases of emergency events of subway stations at home and abroad, screening a high risk area put in an inner space of the subway station concerned, combining a leakage source range and strength, volatility of gas, ambient wind speed, turbulence strength and subway running state, calculating a simulated physical diffusion main path of the gas, generating a possible path of secondary pollution after being dispersed by background wind under a ventilation condition, personalizing to generate an escape route with the lowest safety risk, and matching emergency treatment decision deployment, including personnel evacuation, emergency service and medical help provision, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: the taking of the gas mask, the medical rescue route and the on-site rescue measures when people are infected and poisoned.
8. The in-subway-station gas diffusion emergency plan generation system of claim 6, wherein the in-subway-station three-dimensional live-action digital twin system performs feasibility assessment on the emergency plan, comprising: the subway station three-dimensional live-action digital twin system evaluates and divides dangerous cases and risk grades in the subway station according to the obtained data, compares the dangerous cases and risk grades with preset initial values in a plan library in a similarity mode, and makes a next decision according to the obtained similarity values: if the similarity reaches a threshold value, extracting a matching case group from a plan library, carrying out feasibility analysis on schemes in the plan group, and selecting the scheme with the smallest implementation difficulty and highest efficiency; if the similarity does not reach the threshold value, the key parameters are imported into a simulation module to perform numerical simulation under the situation of the key physical parameters, and a personalized emergency scheme is generated urgently according to the simulation result, or weighted correction is performed based on a plurality of cases with highest matching degree at present, and the emergency scheme is updated timely according to the uploading data of the field hardware sensing facilities or new scheme is generated.
9. The system for generating an emergency plan for diffusing gas in a subway station according to claim 6, further comprising a visualization module for generating corresponding characteristic parameters in the emergency plan, comprising: the wind speed, the wind direction, the physical diffusion track and the turbulent kinetic energy are displayed in a human-computer interaction system display, three-dimensional intensity distribution chromatograms, future physical diffusion tracks and streamline parameters are further drawn, expected gas development conditions at key ventilation nodes or near a possible gas accumulation key area are displayed in a moving picture mode, a three-dimensional live-action digital twin system of the subway station is further linked to be connected with an in-station display system to form a characteristic mapping relation, and the obtained dispatching command scheme and first-aid command measures are transmitted to in-station audio-video output equipment by the Internet of things technology for on-site visual guidance.
10. The in-house gas diffusion emergency plan generation system of claim 6, wherein the sensors include, but are not limited to, particulate matter sensors, specific gas concentration sensors, high speed power amplifiers, wind speed sensors, wind direction sensor gas composition detectors, particulate matter concentration monitoring devices.
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