CN111723530B - Subway tunnel and station hall fire smoke flow coupling analysis method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a subway tunnel and station hall fire smoke flow coupling analysis method, which comprises the following steps: 1) Subway tunnel fire ventilation analysis based on MFIRE; 2) Performing numerical simulation on the high-temperature smoke flow distribution of the subway station hall fire disaster; 3) And carrying out coupling simulation analysis on the flow of the fire smoke in the subway tunnel and the station hall. According to the invention, the subway fire disaster personnel evacuation simulation is accurately carried out, the personnel evacuation simulation is required to be associated with the fire disaster ventilation simulation, an evacuation model capable of reflecting the behavior of personnel evade is constructed under a reasonable fire situation, the real-time station hall personnel density distribution data is effectively brought into the evacuation simulation, and the practicability of evacuation simulation results is determined.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fire prevention, in particular to a subway tunnel and station hall fire smoke flow coupling analysis method.
Background
The subway fire disaster is a dynamic process, particularly the fire disaster in underground space such as subway has the characteristic of rapid development, and the current model about personnel safety evacuation mostly takes the fire hazard as a static variable and then carries out personnel evacuation simulation. In the real situation, the development of subway fire can lead to the rapid spread of high-temperature smoke, and the evacuation psychological and behavior of people can be seriously influenced.
In order to accurately perform personnel evacuation simulation of subway fire, the personnel evacuation simulation is required to be associated with fire ventilation simulation, and an evacuation model capable of reflecting the behavior of personnel evades is constructed under a reasonable fire situation, which is one of the core scientific problems in personnel evacuation simulation research. Meanwhile, the subway station hall belongs to places with extremely large personnel flow, and different personnel density distribution conditions can directly influence the difficulty level of evacuation. How to bring the real-time density distribution data of the hall personnel into the evacuation simulation effectively determines the practicability of the evacuation simulation. This is also a problem that must be studied in depth.
A set of strict and effective emergency treatment schemes play a decisive role in the subway fire emergency. Then, the technical content in the current emergency plan is insufficient due to the limitation of various factors such as personnel quality, technical level, professional knowledge and the like. One of the key research targets proposed by the proposal of the project is to make an evaluation on technical measures of emergency of subway fire disaster by means of scene deduction. The task requirement combines complex simulation calculation results with practical application to the greatest extent, which is the most breakthrough scientific problem in all subway fire researches at present.
The subway fire ventilation and personnel evacuation analysis is an important content of a subway safety informatization process, and the information subjected to deep analysis is effective information, so that a group of indistinct information explosion can be avoided. Therefore, subway fire ventilation and evacuation analysis is further divided according to different dimensions of different places, fire types, posts, roles and the like to form a modular emergency information package, and the modular emergency information package is quickly pushed to required personnel at proper time and proper places through any terminal. However, how to deduce various fire accidents and scientifically combine emergency information, how to divide various fire accidents into various different granularities and different latitudes, and how to realize personalized customization of information are also one of the key scientific problems to be solved in the project.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a subway tunnel and station hall fire smoke flow coupling analysis method comprises the following steps:
1) Subway tunnel fire ventilation analysis based on MFIRE;
2) Performing numerical simulation on the high-temperature smoke flow distribution of the subway station hall fire disaster;
3) The subway tunnel and station hall fire smoke flow coupling simulation analysis is carried out;
as a further scheme of the invention, the specific content of the step 1) is as follows:
the wind distribution model of the high-temperature smoke flow in the network under the condition of subway fire comprises a loop wind pressure balance law and a node wind volume balance law, wherein for a network with n sides and m nodes, the two laws are shown in formulas (1) and (2);
P j ＝H f +H t (3)
wherein ci is j Indicating whether the branches and the loops are in the same direction; bi j Indicating whether the node is connected with the branch; r is R j 、Q j Respectively representing wind resistance and flow; h f If the wind pressure of the branch fan does not have a corresponding item, taking zero; h t Is fire wind pressure caused by fire disaster, and the calculation of the fire wind pressure depends on a smoke temperature calculation model.
The high temperature smoke flow generates a buoyancy effect and a throttling effect during fire disaster, the buoyancy effect is the phenomenon that fire wind pressure changes due to temperature rise and density reduction, the throttling effect is the phenomenon that wind flow resistance increases due to wind flow temperature rise and combustion product generation, and the fire wind pressure of a loop with n branches is calculated according to the following formula
And (3) expanding numerical simulation on heat exchange conditions of high-temperature smoke flow and wall surfaces in a large number of typical subway tunnels according to a calculation model of physical structure reconstruction formulas (5) and (6) of tunnels in subway fires, and finally obtaining parameter distribution of wind temperature, wind quantity, gas components and the like in the subway tunnels and a ventilation system and a law of time variation of the parameter distribution.
As a further scheme of the invention, the specific content of the step 2) is as follows:
after collecting the layout and parameters of the subway station hall building structure and the ventilation and smoke exhaust system, constructing a three-dimensional model, performing numerical simulation by using FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator), and adopting a large vortex fluid mechanics model (Large Eddy Simulation, LES) suitable for a large-space building structure to treat turbulent flow of high-temperature smoke flow in a fire disaster; the method comprises the steps of combining a mixed fractional combustion model, endowing the solid surfaces of a simulation space with thermal boundary conditions by using an empirical formula, and setting combustion characteristics of materials according to typical scenes; solving a radiation transmission equation by using a finite volume method; coupling calculation analysis can be performed by defining speed boundary conditions of the FDS model, such as the position and the size of the ventilation openings, and the boundary conditions can be associated with subway ventilation analysis based on the MFIRE; finally, a series of physical parameters in the subway fire process, including high-temperature smoke flow distribution, temperature, speed, visibility, heat radiation intensity and the like in different positions and in each time period, are obtained through FDS-based station hall fire high-temperature smoke flow distribution numerical simulation, and are used for subsequent coupling analysis.
As a further scheme of the invention, the specific content of the step 3) is as follows:
the ventilation network-thermal flow field coupling model is used for solving the problem of a comprehensive system which comprises a complex large space and a complex tunnel structure and is used for solving the problems of a subway system; the main process is as follows: firstly, selecting a connection position of a subway tunnel and a station hall and setting an initial parameter Z; according to wind flow parameters obtained by sensors in the ventilation network, calculating parameters of all positions in the ventilation network based on the MFIRE by combining with the running shift of the subway train, and updating the parameters of the connection position to be Z1; then, carrying out high-temperature smoke flow simulation by taking a new boundary condition Z1 into an FDS model of a subway station hall, wherein the high-temperature smoke flow simulation comprises the steps of setting combustion process parameters such as boundary heat exchange attribute, vent size and flow, fire source power and combustion time and the like, and establishing new boundary data Z2; and repeating the process, taking the boundary condition Zi as a tie, realizing full-system simulation of subway fire, simulating and calculating some output data such as the temperature, density, pressure and the change of mixed components with time on a certain point, a certain line or a certain surface in the fire process, finally obtaining accurate full-system and full-process simulation results of the subway fire, obtaining the diffuse process of subway fire smoke flow under different conditions through a large number of simulation simulations by setting different fire sources, positions and characteristics, and comprehensively describing the fire development process by wind flow directions, wind flow intensities, temperatures, relative concentrations of toxic and harmful gases and the like in a hall and a tunnel.
The invention has the technical effects that: according to the invention, the subway fire disaster personnel evacuation simulation is accurately carried out, the personnel evacuation simulation is required to be associated with the fire disaster ventilation simulation, an evacuation model capable of reflecting the behavior of personnel evade is constructed under a reasonable fire situation, the real-time station hall personnel density distribution data is effectively brought into the evacuation simulation, and the practicability of evacuation simulation results is determined.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a subway tunnel-station hall fire smoke flow coupling simulation process.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific examples.
A subway tunnel and station hall fire smoke flow coupling analysis method comprises the following steps:
1) Subway tunnel fire ventilation analysis based on MFIRE;
the subway tunnel and station hall fire smoke flow coupling analysis method is characterized in that the specific content of the step 1) is as follows:
the wind distribution model of the high-temperature smoke flow in the network under the condition of subway fire comprises a loop wind pressure balance law and a node wind volume balance law, wherein for a network with n sides and m nodes, the two laws are shown in formulas (1) and (2);
P j ＝H f +H t (3)
wherein ci is j Indicating whether the branches and the loops are in the same direction; bi j Indicating whether the node is connected with the branch; r is R j 、Q j Respectively representing wind resistance and flow; h f If the wind pressure of the branch fan does not have a corresponding item, taking zero; the calculation of the fire wind pressure caused by Ht fire will depend on the smoke temperature calculation model.
The high temperature smoke flow generates a buoyancy effect and a throttling effect during fire disaster, the buoyancy effect is the phenomenon that fire wind pressure changes due to temperature rise and density reduction, the throttling effect is the phenomenon that wind flow resistance increases due to wind flow temperature rise and combustion product generation, and the fire wind pressure of a loop with n branches is calculated according to the following formula
And (3) expanding numerical simulation on heat exchange conditions of high-temperature smoke flow and wall surfaces in a large number of typical subway tunnels according to a calculation model of physical structure reconstruction formulas (5) and (6) of tunnels in subway fires, and finally obtaining parameter distribution of wind temperature, wind quantity, gas components and the like in the subway tunnels and a ventilation system and a law of time variation of the parameter distribution.
2) Performing numerical simulation on the high-temperature smoke flow distribution of the subway station hall fire disaster;
after collecting the layout and parameters of the subway station hall building structure and the ventilation and smoke exhaust system, constructing a three-dimensional model, performing numerical simulation by using FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator), and adopting a large vortex fluid mechanics model (Large Eddy Simulation, LES) suitable for a large-space building structure to treat turbulent flow of high-temperature smoke flow in a fire disaster; the method comprises the steps of combining a mixed fractional combustion model, endowing the solid surfaces of a simulation space with thermal boundary conditions by using an empirical formula, and setting combustion characteristics of materials according to typical scenes; solving a radiation transmission equation by using a finite volume method; coupling calculation analysis can be performed by defining speed boundary conditions of the FDS model, such as the position and the size of the ventilation openings, and the boundary conditions can be associated with subway ventilation analysis based on the MFIRE; finally, a series of physical parameters in the subway fire process, including high-temperature smoke flow distribution, temperature, speed, visibility, heat radiation intensity and the like in different positions and in each time period, are obtained through FDS-based station hall fire high-temperature smoke flow distribution numerical simulation, and are used for subsequent coupling analysis.
3) The subway tunnel and station hall fire smoke flow coupling simulation analysis is carried out;
the ventilation network-thermal flow field coupling model is used for solving the problem of a comprehensive system which comprises a complex large space and a complex tunnel structure and is used for solving the problems of a subway system; the main process is as follows as shown in fig. 1: firstly, selecting a connection position of a subway tunnel and a station hall and setting an initial parameter Z; according to wind flow parameters obtained by sensors in the ventilation network, calculating parameters of all positions in the ventilation network based on the MFIRE by combining with the running shift of the subway train, and updating the parameters of the connection position to be Z1; then, carrying out high-temperature smoke flow simulation by taking a new boundary condition Z1 into an FDS model of a subway station hall, wherein the high-temperature smoke flow simulation comprises the steps of setting combustion process parameters such as boundary heat exchange attribute, vent size and flow, fire source power and combustion time and the like, and establishing new boundary data Z2; and repeating the process, taking the boundary condition Zi as a tie, realizing full-system simulation of subway fire, simulating and calculating some output data such as the temperature, density, pressure and the change of mixed components with time on a certain point, a certain line or a certain surface in the fire process, finally obtaining accurate full-system and full-process simulation results of the subway fire, obtaining the diffuse process of subway fire smoke flow under different conditions through a large number of simulation simulations by setting different fire sources, positions and characteristics, and comprehensively describing the fire development process by wind flow directions, wind flow intensities, temperatures, relative concentrations of toxic and harmful gases and the like in a hall and a tunnel.
Combining subway tunnel-station hall fire smoke coupling simulation and cellular automaton, providing a linkage personnel evacuation simulation method, and acquiring a time T at first during each calculation i The distribution condition of the high-temperature smoke is used for calculating the influence degree of the high-temperature smoke on the personnel in the subway based on the distribution condition, updating various parameters of the cellular automaton, such as threat degree, activity capability, visible range and the like, and simulating the personnel evacuation condition E in a period of time i The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the At the next time T i+1 Updating the distribution condition of high-temperature smoke and then simulating the evacuation condition E of personnel i+1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And repeating the process of changing to simulate the behaviors of personnel in the whole fire period, and more accurately guiding the personnel evacuation and the formulation of emergency plans under emergency conditions.
The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The method for analyzing the flow coupling of the fire smoke in the subway tunnel and the station hall is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Subway tunnel fire ventilation analysis based on MFIRE;
2) Performing numerical simulation on the high-temperature smoke flow distribution of the subway station hall fire disaster;
3) The subway tunnel and station hall fire smoke flow coupling simulation analysis is carried out;
the specific content of the step 1) is as follows:
the wind distribution model of the high-temperature smoke flow in the network under the condition of subway fire comprises a loop wind pressure balance law and a node wind volume balance law, wherein for a network with n sides and m nodes, the two laws are shown in formulas (1) and (2);
P j ＝H f +H t (3)
wherein c ij Indicating whether the branches and the loops are in the same direction; b ij Indicating whether the node is connected with the branch; r is R j 、Q j Respectively representing wind resistance and flow; h f If the wind pressure of the branch fan does not have a corresponding item, taking zero; h t The fire wind pressure caused by fire disaster is calculated by depending on a smoke temperature calculation model;
the high temperature smoke flow generates a buoyancy effect and a throttling effect during fire disaster, the buoyancy effect is the phenomenon that fire wind pressure changes due to temperature rise and density reduction, the throttling effect is the phenomenon that wind flow resistance increases due to wind flow temperature rise and combustion product generation, and the fire wind pressure of a loop with n branches is calculated according to the following formula
And (3) expanding numerical simulation on heat exchange conditions of high-temperature smoke flow and wall surfaces in a large number of typical subway tunnels according to a calculation model of physical structure reconstruction formulas (5) and (6) of tunnels in subway fires, and finally obtaining parameter distribution of wind temperature, wind quantity, gas components and the like in the subway tunnels and a ventilation system and a law of time variation of the parameter distribution.
2. The method for analyzing the flow coupling of fire smoke in subway tunnels and hall according to claim 1, wherein the specific contents of the step 2) are as follows:
after collecting the layout and parameters of the subway station hall building structure and the ventilation and smoke exhaust system, constructing a three-dimensional model, performing numerical simulation by using FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator), and adopting a large vortex fluid mechanics model (Large Eddy Simulation, LES) suitable for a large-space building structure to treat turbulent flow of high-temperature smoke flow in a fire disaster; the method comprises the steps of combining a mixed fractional combustion model, endowing the solid surfaces of a simulation space with thermal boundary conditions by using an empirical formula, and setting combustion characteristics of materials according to typical scenes; solving a radiation transmission equation by using a finite volume method; coupling calculation analysis can be performed by defining speed boundary conditions of the FDS model, such as the position and the size of the ventilation openings, and the boundary conditions can be associated with subway ventilation analysis based on the MFIRE; finally, a series of physical parameters in the subway fire process, including high-temperature smoke flow distribution, temperature, speed, visibility, heat radiation intensity and the like in different positions and in each time period, are obtained through FDS-based station hall fire high-temperature smoke flow distribution numerical simulation, and are used for subsequent coupling analysis.
3. The method for analyzing the flow coupling of fire smoke in subway tunnels and hall according to claim 1, wherein the specific contents of the step 3) are as follows:
the ventilation network-thermal flow field coupling model is used for solving the problem of a comprehensive system which comprises a complex large space and a complex tunnel structure and is used for solving the problems of a subway system; the main process is as follows: firstly, selecting a connection position of a subway tunnel and a station hall and setting an initial parameter Z; according to wind flow parameters obtained by sensors in the ventilation network, calculating parameters of all positions in the ventilation network based on the MFIRE by combining with the running shift of the subway train, and updating the parameters of the connection position to be Z1; then, carrying out high-temperature smoke flow simulation by taking a new boundary condition Z1 into an FDS model of a subway station hall, wherein the high-temperature smoke flow simulation comprises the steps of setting combustion process parameters such as boundary heat exchange attribute, vent size and flow, fire source power and combustion time and the like, and establishing new boundary data Z2; and repeating the process, taking the boundary condition Zi as a tie, realizing full-system simulation of subway fire, simulating and calculating some output data such as the temperature, density, pressure and the change of mixed components with time on a certain point, a certain line or a certain surface in the fire process, finally obtaining accurate full-system and full-process simulation results of the subway fire, obtaining the diffuse process of subway fire smoke flow under different conditions through a large number of simulation simulations by setting different fire sources, positions and characteristics, and comprehensively describing the fire development process by wind flow directions, wind flow intensities, temperatures, relative concentrations of toxic and harmful gases and the like in a hall and a tunnel.
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| JP2007026187A (en) * | 2005-07-19 | 2007-02-01 | Ohbayashi Corp | Fire monitoring system for performing monitoring by using a plurality of sensor nodes |
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