CN111723530A - Subway tunnel and station hall fire smoke flow coupling analysis method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flow coupling analysis method for fire smoke in subway tunnels and station halls, which comprises the following steps: 1) the subway tunnel fire ventilation analysis is based on the MFIRE; 2) carrying out numerical simulation on the distribution of the high-temperature smoke flow of the fire in the subway station hall; 3) and simulating and analyzing the flow coupling of the fire smoke of the subway tunnel and the station hall. The invention accurately carries out the personnel evacuation simulation of subway fire, needs to correlate the personnel evacuation simulation with the fire ventilation simulation, constructs an evacuation model capable of reflecting the behavior of personnel evacuees under a reasonable fire situation, effectively brings real-time station and hall personnel density distribution data into the evacuation simulation, and determines the practicability of an evacuation simulation result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fire prevention, in particular to a flow coupling analysis method for fire smoke in subway tunnels and station halls.
Background
Subway fire is a dynamic process, particularly, the fire in underground spaces such as subways has the characteristic of rapid development, and most of the current models for people safety evacuation are to take fire hazard as a static variable and then conduct people evacuation simulation. In a real situation, the development of subway fire can cause high-temperature smoke to spread rapidly, and the evacuation psychology and behavior of people are seriously influenced.
In order to accurately perform personnel evacuation simulation of subway fire, the personnel evacuation simulation needs to be associated with fire ventilation simulation, and an evacuation model capable of reflecting personnel evacuee behaviors is constructed under a reasonable fire situation, which is one of core scientific problems in personnel evacuation simulation research. Meanwhile, the subway station hall belongs to a place with extremely large personnel flow, and the difficulty of evacuation is directly influenced by different personnel density distribution conditions. How to effectively bring real-time station hall personnel density distribution data into evacuation simulation will determine the practicability of evacuation simulation results. This is also a problem that must be thoroughly discussed in the research.
A set of strict and effective emergency disposal scheme plays a decisive role in corresponding subway fire emergency. Then, the technical content of the current emergency plan is insufficient due to the limitation of various factors such as personnel quality, technical level, professional knowledge and the like. One of the key research targets proposed by the project proposal is to evaluate urgent technical measures in a scene deduction manner for the technical analysis of the subway fire emergency plan. The task requires that complex simulation calculation results are combined with real application to the maximum extent, and the problem is the most outstanding science problem in all subway fire researches at present.
Subway fire ventilation and personnel evacuation analysis are important contents of a subway safety information process, and information subjected to deep analysis processing is effective information, so that information explosion similar to messy hemp can be avoided. Therefore, subway fire ventilation and evacuation analysis needs to be divided according to different dimensions such as different places, fire types, posts and roles to form a component type emergency information packet, and the emergency information packet is quickly pushed to required personnel at a proper time and a proper place through any terminal. However, how to deduce various fire accidents and scientifically combine emergency information, how to divide various fire accidents at different granularities and different latitudes, and how to realize personalized customization of information is also one of the key scientific problems to be solved by the project.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the subway tunnel and station hall fire smoke flow coupling analysis method comprises the following steps:
1) the subway tunnel fire ventilation analysis is based on the MFIRE;
2) carrying out numerical simulation on the distribution of the high-temperature smoke flow of the fire in the subway station hall;
3) simulating and analyzing the flow coupling of fire smoke of the subway tunnel and the station hall;
as a further scheme of the present invention, the specific content of step 1) is as follows:
a wind distribution model of high-temperature smoke flow in a network under the condition of subway fire comprises the laws of loop wind pressure balance and node wind quantity balance, and for a network with n edges and m nodes, the two laws are shown as formulas (1) and (2):
a wind distribution model of high-temperature smoke flow in a network under the condition of a subway fire comprises the laws of loop wind pressure balance and node wind volume balance, and for a network with n edges and m nodes, the two laws are shown as formulas (1) and (2);
Pj＝Hf+Ht(3)；
wherein c isijIndicating whether the branch and the loop are in the same direction; bijIndicating whether the node is connected with the branch; rj、QjRespectively representing wind resistance and flow; hfIs the wind pressure of the branch blower (zero if no corresponding item exists) HtThe fire wind pressure caused by fire disaster is calculated depending on the smoke temperature calculation model.
The high-temp. smoke flow can produce "buoyancy effect" and "throttling effect", the "buoyancy effect" is the phenomenon of fire wind pressure change due to temp. rise and density reduction, the "throttling effect" is the phenomenon of wind flow resistance increase due to wind flow temp. rise and combustion product generation, and the fire wind pressure of a loop with n branches can be calculated according to the following formula
According to the calculation models of the physical structure reconstruction formulas (5) and (6) of the tunnel in the subway fire, numerical simulation is carried out on the heat exchange conditions of high-temperature smoke flow and wall surfaces in a large number of typical subway tunnels, and finally the distribution of parameters such as air temperature, air quantity and gas components in the subway tunnel and a ventilation system and the change rule of the parameters along with time are obtained.
As a further scheme of the present invention, the specific content of step 2) is as follows:
after the layout and parameters of a subway station hall building structure and a ventilation and smoke exhaust system are collected, three-dimensional model construction is carried out on the subway station hall building structure and the ventilation and smoke exhaust system, then FDS (fiber dynamics simulator) is utilized to carry out numerical simulation, and a large eddy current hydrodynamics model (LES) suitable for a large-space building structure is adopted to process turbulent flow of high-temperature smoke flow in fire; combining a mixed fraction combustion model, endowing thermal boundary conditions to the solid surface of a simulation space by an empirical formula, and setting the combustion characteristics of the material according to a typical scene; solving the radiation transmission equation by using a finite volume method; performing a coupling calculation analysis by defining speed boundary conditions of the FDS model, such as the position and size of vents, which may be associated with MFIRE-based subway ventilation analysis; finally, a series of physical parameters in the subway fire process, including high-temperature smoke flow distribution, temperature, speed, visibility, thermal radiation intensity and the like at different positions and in different time periods, are obtained through FDS-based station and hall fire high-temperature smoke flow distribution numerical simulation, and the parameters are used for subsequent coupling analysis.
As a further scheme of the present invention, the specific content of step 3) is as follows:
a ventilation network-thermal flow field coupling model, which is used for solving the problem that a subway system not only comprises a complex large space, but also has a complex tunnel structure; the main process is as follows: firstly, selecting the connection position of a subway tunnel and a station hall and setting an initial parameter Z; calculating parameters of all positions in the ventilation network based on MFIRE according to wind flow parameters obtained by a sensor in the ventilation network and the operation shift of the subway train, and updating the parameters of the connection position to be Z1; then, bringing the new boundary condition Z1 into an FDS model of a subway station hall to perform high-temperature smoke flow simulation, wherein the high-temperature smoke flow simulation comprises the steps of setting combustion process parameters such as boundary heat exchange attribute, size and flow of an air vent, fire source power and combustion time and the like, and establishing new boundary data Z2; then, repeating the above process, using the boundary condition Zi as a link, realizing the whole system simulation of the subway fire, simulating and calculating some available output data, such as the temperature, density, pressure and mixed components on a certain point, a certain line or a certain surface, changing with time in the fire process, finally obtaining the accurate whole system and whole process simulation result of the subway fire, and through setting different fire sources, positions and characteristics, through a large amount of simulation, obtaining the diffusion process of the smoke flow of the subway fire under different conditions, and the wind flow direction, wind flow intensity, temperature and relative concentration of toxic and harmful gases in the station hall and the tunnel, and making a comprehensive description on the fire development process.
The invention has the technical effects that: the invention accurately carries out the personnel evacuation simulation of subway fire, needs to correlate the personnel evacuation simulation with the fire ventilation simulation, constructs an evacuation model capable of reflecting the behavior of personnel evacuees under a reasonable fire situation, effectively brings real-time station and hall personnel density distribution data into the evacuation simulation, and determines the practicability of an evacuation simulation result.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a subway tunnel-station hall fire smoke flow coupling simulation process.
Detailed Description
The invention is explained in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
The subway tunnel and station hall fire smoke flow coupling analysis method comprises the following steps:
1) the subway tunnel fire ventilation analysis is based on the MFIRE;
2. the subway tunnel and station hall fire smoke flow coupling analysis method according to claim 1, wherein the specific contents of said step 1) are as follows:
a wind distribution model of high-temperature smoke flow in a network under the condition of subway fire comprises the laws of loop wind pressure balance and node wind quantity balance, and for a network with n edges and m nodes, the two laws are shown as formulas (1) and (2):
a wind distribution model of high-temperature smoke flow in a network under the condition of a subway fire comprises the laws of loop wind pressure balance and node wind volume balance, and for a network with n edges and m nodes, the two laws are shown as formulas (1) and (2);
Pj＝Hf+Ht(3)；
wherein c isijIndicating whether the branch and the loop are in the same direction; bijIndicating whether the node is connected with the branch; rj、QjRespectively representing wind resistance and flow; hfIs the wind pressure of the branch blower (zero if no corresponding item exists) HtThe fire wind pressure caused by fire disaster is calculated depending on the smoke temperature calculation model.
The high-temperature smoke flow generates a buoyancy effect and a throttling effect during fire, the buoyancy effect is a phenomenon that fire wind pressure changes due to temperature rise and density reduction, the throttling effect is a phenomenon that wind flow resistance is increased due to wind flow temperature rise and combustion product generation, and the fire wind pressure of a loop with n branches is calculated according to the following formula:
according to the calculation models of the physical structure reconstruction formulas (5) and (6) of the tunnel in the subway fire, numerical simulation is carried out on the heat exchange conditions of high-temperature smoke flow and wall surfaces in a large number of typical subway tunnels, and finally the distribution of parameters such as air temperature, air quantity and gas components in the subway tunnel and a ventilation system and the change rule of the parameters along with time are obtained.
2) Carrying out numerical simulation on the distribution of the high-temperature smoke flow of the fire in the subway station hall;
after the layout and parameters of a subway station hall building structure and a ventilation and smoke exhaust system are collected, three-dimensional model construction is carried out on the subway station hall building structure and the ventilation and smoke exhaust system, then FDS (fiber dynamics simulator) is utilized to carry out numerical simulation, and a large eddy current hydrodynamics model (LES) suitable for a large-space building structure is adopted to process turbulent flow of high-temperature smoke flow in fire; combining a mixed fraction combustion model, endowing thermal boundary conditions to the solid surface of a simulation space by an empirical formula, and setting the combustion characteristics of the material according to a typical scene; solving the radiation transmission equation by using a finite volume method; performing a coupling calculation analysis by defining speed boundary conditions of the FDS model, such as the position and size of vents, which may be associated with MFIRE-based subway ventilation analysis; finally, a series of physical parameters in the subway fire process, including high-temperature smoke flow distribution, temperature, speed, visibility, thermal radiation intensity and the like at different positions and in different time periods, are obtained through FDS-based station and hall fire high-temperature smoke flow distribution numerical simulation, and the parameters are used for subsequent coupling analysis.
3) Simulating and analyzing the flow coupling of fire smoke of the subway tunnel and the station hall;
a ventilation network-thermal flow field coupling model, which is used for solving the problem that a subway system not only comprises a complex large space, but also has a complex tunnel structure; the main process is as follows as shown in figure 1: firstly, selecting the connection position of a subway tunnel and a station hall and setting an initial parameter Z; calculating parameters of all positions in the ventilation network based on MFIRE according to wind flow parameters obtained by a sensor in the ventilation network and the operation shift of the subway train, and updating the parameters of the connection position to be Z1; then, bringing the new boundary condition Z1 into an FDS model of a subway station hall to perform high-temperature smoke flow simulation, wherein the high-temperature smoke flow simulation comprises the steps of setting combustion process parameters such as boundary heat exchange attribute, size and flow of an air vent, fire source power and combustion time and the like, and establishing new boundary data Z2; and then, repeating the process, taking the boundary condition Zi as a link, realizing the whole system simulation of the subway fire, simulating and calculating some available output data, such as the temperature, the density, the pressure and the change of mixed components on a certain point, a certain line or a certain surface along with the time in the fire process, finally obtaining the accurate whole system and whole process simulation results of the subway fire, and obtaining the diffusion process of the smoke flow of the subway fire under different conditions, and the data of the wind flow direction, the wind flow intensity, the temperature, the relative concentration of toxic and harmful gases and the like in a station hall and a tunnel through a large amount of simulation according to different set fire sources, positions and characteristics, thereby comprehensively describing the fire development process.
Combining subway tunnel-station hall fire smoke coupling simulation and cellular automata, the method for simulating scattered personnel in linkage is provided, and the time T is obtained firstly during each calculationiThe distribution condition of the high-temperature smoke is used as a basis to calculate the influence degree of the high-temperature smoke on the personnel in the subway, so as to update various parameters of the cellular automaton, such as threat degree, activity capacity, visual range and the like, and simulate the personnel evacuation condition E in a time periodi(ii) a At the next time Ti+1Updating the distribution condition of the high-temperature flue gas and simulating the evacuation condition of people Ei+1(ii) a The process is repeatedly changed, the behavior of personnel in the whole period of the fire disaster is simulated, and personnel evacuation and emergency plan formulation under the emergency condition are guided more accurately.
The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the embodiment without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The subway tunnel and station hall fire smoke flow coupling analysis method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) the subway tunnel fire ventilation analysis is based on the MFIRE;
2) carrying out numerical simulation on the distribution of the high-temperature smoke flow of the fire in the subway station hall;
3) and simulating and analyzing the flow coupling of the fire smoke of the subway tunnel and the station hall.
2. The subway tunnel and station hall fire smoke flow coupling analysis method according to claim 1, wherein the specific contents of said step 1) are as follows:
a wind distribution model of high-temperature smoke flow in a network under the condition of a subway fire comprises the laws of loop wind pressure balance and node wind volume balance, and for a network with n edges and m nodes, the two laws are shown as formulas (1) and (2):
a wind distribution model of high-temperature smoke flow in a network under the condition of a subway fire comprises the laws of loop wind pressure balance and node wind volume balance, and for a network with n edges and m nodes, the two laws are shown as formulas (1) and (2);
Pj＝Hf+Ht(3)；
wherein c isijIndicating whether the branch and the loop are in the same direction; bijIndicating whether the node is connected with the branch; rj、QjRespectively representing wind resistance and flow; hfIs the wind pressure of the branch blower (zero if no corresponding item exists) HtThe fire wind pressure caused by fire disaster is calculated depending on the smoke temperature calculation model.
The high-temperature smoke flow generates buoyancy effect and throttling effect during fire, the buoyancy effect is the phenomenon that the fire wind pressure is changed due to the rise of temperature and the reduction of density, the throttling effect is the phenomenon that the wind flow resistance is increased due to the rise of the wind flow temperature and the generation of combustion products, and the fire wind pressure of a loop with n branches is calculated according to the following formula
According to the calculation models of the physical structure reconstruction formulas (5) and (6) of the tunnel in the subway fire, numerical simulation is carried out on the heat exchange conditions of high-temperature smoke flow and wall surfaces in a large number of typical subway tunnels, and finally parameter distribution of air temperature, air quantity, gas components and the like in the subway tunnel and a ventilation system and the rule of the parameter distribution changing along with time are obtained.
3. The subway tunnel and station hall fire smoke flow coupling analysis method according to claim 1, wherein the specific contents of said step 2) are as follows:
after the layout and parameters of a subway station hall building structure and a ventilation and smoke exhaust system are collected, three-dimensional model construction is carried out on the subway station hall building structure and the ventilation and smoke exhaust system, then FDS (fire Dynamics simulator) is utilized to carry out numerical Simulation, and a Large Eddy current fluid mechanics model (LES) suitable for a Large-space building structure is adopted to process turbulent flow of high-temperature smoke flow in fire; combining a mixed fraction combustion model, endowing thermal boundary conditions to the solid surface of a simulation space by an empirical formula, and setting the combustion characteristics of the material according to a typical scene; solving a radiation transmission equation by using a finite volume method; performing a coupling calculation analysis by defining speed boundary conditions of the FDS model, such as the position and size of vents, which may be associated with MFIRE-based subway ventilation analysis; finally, a series of physical parameters in the subway fire process, including high-temperature smoke flow distribution, temperature, speed, visibility, thermal radiation intensity and the like at different positions and in different time periods, are obtained through FDS-based station and hall fire high-temperature smoke flow distribution numerical simulation, and the parameters are used for subsequent coupling analysis.
4. The method for analyzing flow coupling of fire smoke in subway tunnels and station halls as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific contents of said step 3) are as follows:
a ventilation network-thermal flow field coupling model, which is used for solving the problem that a subway system not only comprises a complex large space, but also has a complex tunnel structure; the main process is as follows: firstly, selecting the connection position of a subway tunnel and a station hall and setting an initial parameter Z; calculating parameters of all positions in the ventilation network based on MFIRE according to wind flow parameters obtained by a sensor in the ventilation network and the operation shift of the subway train, and updating the parameters of the connection position to be Z1; then, bringing the new boundary condition Z1 into an FDS model of a subway station hall to perform high-temperature smoke flow simulation, wherein the high-temperature smoke flow simulation comprises the steps of setting combustion process parameters such as boundary heat exchange attributes, size and flow of an air vent, fire source power, combustion time and the like, and establishing new boundary data Z2; then, repeating the above process, using the boundary condition Zi as a link, realizing the whole system simulation of the subway fire, simulating and calculating some available output data, such as the temperature, density, pressure and the change of mixed components on a certain point, a certain line or a certain surface along with the time in the fire process, finally obtaining the accurate whole system and whole process simulation result of the subway fire, obtaining the diffusion process of the smoke flow of the subway fire under different conditions, and the data of the wind flow direction, the wind flow intensity, the temperature and the relative concentration of toxic and harmful gases in the station hall and the tunnel through a large amount of simulation by setting different fire sources, positions and characteristics, and comprehensively describing the fire development process.
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