CN117310561A - Electrolytic capacitor test positive and negative connection detection method based on leakage current detection - Google Patents

Electrolytic capacitor test positive and negative connection detection method based on leakage current detection Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117310561A
CN117310561A CN202311460834.6A CN202311460834A CN117310561A CN 117310561 A CN117310561 A CN 117310561A CN 202311460834 A CN202311460834 A CN 202311460834A CN 117310561 A CN117310561 A CN 117310561A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
capacitor
positive
test
ammeter
electrolytic capacitor
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Pending
Application number
CN202311460834.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李浪华
潘启良
陈波
林华辉
陈俊威
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Guangzhou Sai Rui Testing Equipment Co ltd
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Guangzhou Sai Rui Testing Equipment Co ltd
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Application filed by Guangzhou Sai Rui Testing Equipment Co ltd filed Critical Guangzhou Sai Rui Testing Equipment Co ltd
Priority to CN202311460834.6A priority Critical patent/CN117310561A/en
Publication of CN117310561A publication Critical patent/CN117310561A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/64Testing of capacitors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/0092Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring current only
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/52Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/66Testing of connections, e.g. of plugs or non-disconnectable joints
    • G01R31/67Testing the correctness of wire connections in electric apparatus or circuits

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a positive and negative connection detection method for an electrolytic capacitor test based on leakage current detection, which belongs to the technical field of capacitor tests and comprises the following steps: establishing a test circuit; the test circuit is used for installing a test ammeter or voltmeter according to the capacitance value of the capacitor; switching on a test circuit switch, and reading current value record data on an ammeter; switching on a test circuit switch, reading voltage value record data on a voltmeter, and calculating a current value according to ohm's law; changing the positive and negative electrode connection mode of the electrolytic capacitor, measuring the current value or the voltage value again and recording data; checking the result; the method has the advantages of high detection and judgment accuracy, simplicity in operation and the like, other problems caused by forward and reverse connection errors can be avoided, and capacitors with different capacitance values can be tested by using an ammeter or a voltmeter respectively, so that the method is wide in adaptability.

Description

Electrolytic capacitor test positive and negative connection detection method based on leakage current detection
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of capacitor tests, in particular to a positive and negative connection detection method of an electrolytic capacitor test based on leakage current detection.
Background
Electrolytic capacitors are an electronic component widely used in circuits. It consists of two electrodes (positive and negative) and an electrolyte, typically a liquid or gel-like substance. The electrodes of electrolytic capacitors are typically made of metal foil and are separated from the electrolyte. Typical electrolytes include aluminum sulfate, potassium sulfate, and the like. When an electric field is present in the electrolyte, a potential difference is generated between the positive and negative electrodes, causing the capacitor to store an electric charge. This potential difference may be formed by connecting a capacitor to a power supply. Electrolytic capacitors are characterized by relatively high capacitance and high operating voltage compared to other types of capacitors. Electrolytic capacitors are commonly used in circuits requiring large capacity energy storage, such as power filtering, dc voltage regulation, etc., because they can store a large amount of charge. However, electrolytic capacitors also have some limitations. The polarity of the electrolytic capacitor is fixed due to its internal structure, and is not suitable for use in an ac circuit.
The electrolytic capacitor is different in the polarity of the two terminals. The positive electrode is connected to the positive electrode, the negative electrode is connected to the negative electrode, and the electrolytic capacitor is connected positively. And if the positive electrode is connected to the negative electrode and the negative electrode is connected to the positive electrode, the electrolytic capacitor is reversely connected. Electrolytic capacitors are one of the commonly used test elements in the test equipment, but in practice, due to human misoperation or element quality problems, forward and reverse connection errors sometimes occur, in the prior art, a special leakage current tester is generally used for detection, but a quick test method is needed in the absence of the leakage current tester.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a positive and negative connection detection method for an electrolytic capacitor test based on leakage current detection, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the positive and negative connection detection method for the electrolytic capacitor test based on leakage current detection comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a test circuit;
s2, the test circuit installs a test ammeter or voltmeter according to the capacitance value of the capacitor;
s3, switching on a test circuit switch, and reading current value record data on the ammeter;
s4, switching on a test circuit switch, reading voltage value record data on a voltmeter, and calculating a current value according to ohm' S law;
s5, changing the positive and negative electrode connection mode of the electrolytic capacitor, measuring the current value or the voltage value again and recording data;
s6, checking results: and comparing the current value changes in the steps S4 and S5, and judging the positive and negative connection condition of the capacitor test.
In the above scheme, the leakage current principle is adopted to detect whether the capacitor is connected in the positive and negative directions, and in the research of the inventor, the electrolytic capacitor is an element for storing charges and is commonly used in circuits such as direct current power supply filtering, coupling and storing charges, and the positive and negative connection condition of the electrolytic capacitor can be judged by measuring the magnitude and the direction of current. Normally, current should flow from the positive electrode of the power supply to the positive electrode of the capacitor and then back from the negative electrode of the capacitor to the negative electrode of the power supply. The positive and negative errors will cause the polarization effect inside the capacitor to be reversed, so that the capacitor generates a larger leakage current in the dc circuit, as shown in fig. 4, in an ideal case, no current flows between the two plates of the capacitor, but a small amount of current flows under the action of the dc voltage, which is called leakage current, because the dielectric between them is not completely insulated. The leakage current detection method is based on the principle, and before a formal test, whether the positive and negative connection is correct or not is judged by measuring the leakage current at two ends of the electrolytic capacitor.
According to a preferred scheme of the invention, the test circuit in the S1 comprises a power supply, a resistor, a capacitor to be tested and an ammeter or voltmeter.
According to the preferred scheme, the power supply, the resistor, the capacitor to be tested and the ammeter are sequentially connected in series.
According to the preferred scheme, the power supply, the resistor and the capacitor to be tested are sequentially connected in series, and the voltmeter is connected in parallel to two sides of the circuit.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S2, an ammeter installation mode is adopted for the capacitor with the capacitance value smaller than 1 μf, and a voltmeter installation mode is adopted for the capacitor with the capacitance value larger than 1 μf.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method has the advantages of high detection and judgment accuracy, simplicity in operation and the like, can avoid other problems caused by forward and reverse connection errors, and can respectively test capacitors with different capacitance values by using an ammeter or a voltmeter, thereby having wide adaptability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of a method for detecting a positive and negative connection of an electrolytic capacitor test based on leakage current detection;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a test circuit for installing an ammeter by a positive and negative connection detection method of an electrolytic capacitor test based on leakage current detection;
FIG. 3 is a test circuit diagram of an installation voltmeter of an electrolytic capacitor test forward and reverse connection detection method based on leakage current detection;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of leakage current principle.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, in an embodiment of the invention, a positive and negative connection detection method for an electrolytic capacitor test based on leakage current detection includes the following steps:
s1, a test circuit is established, a power supply, a resistor and a capacitor to be tested are tested, wherein the power supply, the resistor and the capacitor to be tested are sequentially connected in series;
s2, the test circuit installs a test ammeter or voltmeter according to the capacitance value of the capacitor, if the capacitor with the capacitance value smaller than 1 mu F of the tested capacitor adopts an ammeter installation mode, the ammeter is connected in series between a power supply and the capacitor in the circuit, and the voltmeter installation mode is adopted for the capacitor with the capacitance value larger than 1 mu F, and voltmeters are connected in parallel at two sides of the resistor;
s3, switching on a test circuit switch, and reading current value record data on the ammeter;
s4, switching on a test circuit switch, reading voltage value record data on a voltmeter, and calculating a current value according to ohm' S law;
s5, changing the positive and negative electrode connection mode of the electrolytic capacitor, measuring the current value or the voltage value again and recording data;
s6, checking results: and comparing the current value changes in the steps S4 and S5, and judging the positive and negative connection condition of the capacitor test.
The test circuit for installing the ammeter is suitable for the capacitor with the size smaller than 1 mu F, the ammeter can accurately measure the current due to the low leakage current of the low-capacitance capacitor, and if the leakage current is large, the ammeter cannot accurately measure due to noise and instability of the charged capacitor. Therefore, for the high-capacity capacitor, a voltmeter is used for measurement, and after the voltage values at two sides of the resistor are measured, the current value is calculated through ohm's law.
In this embodiment, by testing capacitors with different specifications, the positive and negative poles of the tested capacitors are clear, and the following table data are obtained by detecting the capacitors by using a test circuit of a parallel voltmeter:
from the above data of leakage current values of the plurality of groups of samples, it can be concluded that:
when the capacitor is connected positively, the current will drop to a value below ten microamps in a certain period of time;
when the capacitor is reversed, the current will last over a larger interval of several hundred microamps.
Therefore, under the wrong connection method, the leakage current can be obviously increased, and the method can judge whether the positive and negative connection of the capacitor is correct or not, has high judgment accuracy and simple operation, and can effectively avoid the test result caused by the positive and negative connection error.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (5)

1. The electrolytic capacitor test positive and negative connection detection method based on leakage current detection is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, establishing a test circuit;
s2, the test circuit installs a test ammeter or voltmeter according to the capacitance value of the capacitor;
s3, switching on a test circuit switch, and reading current value record data on the ammeter;
s4, switching on a test circuit switch, reading voltage value record data on a voltmeter, and calculating a current value according to ohm' S law;
s5, changing the positive and negative electrode connection mode of the electrolytic capacitor, measuring the current value or the voltage value again and recording data;
s6, checking results: and comparing the current value changes in the steps S4 and S5, and judging the positive and negative connection condition of the capacitor test.
2. The positive and negative connection detection method for the electrolytic capacitor test based on leakage current detection according to claim 1, wherein the test circuit in S1 comprises a power supply, a resistor, a capacitor to be tested and an ammeter or voltmeter.
3. The positive and negative connection detection method for the electrolytic capacitor test based on leakage current detection according to claim 2, wherein the power supply, the resistor, the capacitor to be tested and the ammeter are sequentially connected in series.
4. The positive and negative connection detection method for the electrolytic capacitor test based on leakage current detection according to claim 2, wherein the power supply, the resistor and the capacitor to be tested are sequentially connected in series, and the voltmeter is connected in parallel to two sides of the circuit.
5. The positive and negative connection detection method for the electrolytic capacitor test based on leakage current detection according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, an ammeter installation mode is adopted for the capacitor with the capacitance value smaller than 1 μf, and a voltmeter installation mode is adopted for the capacitor with the capacitance value larger than 1 μf.
CN202311460834.6A 2023-11-03 2023-11-03 Electrolytic capacitor test positive and negative connection detection method based on leakage current detection Pending CN117310561A (en)

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CN202311460834.6A CN117310561A (en) 2023-11-03 2023-11-03 Electrolytic capacitor test positive and negative connection detection method based on leakage current detection

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Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04225174A (en) * 1990-12-27 1992-08-14 Yazaki Corp Detecting device for inverse connection of electrolytic capacitor
JPH1144722A (en) * 1997-07-25 1999-02-16 Murata Mfg Co Ltd Detecting method of contact of measuring terminal of capacitor
JP2001210567A (en) * 2000-01-24 2001-08-03 Adekkusu Kk Method and equipment for determining polarity of electrolytic polarized capacitor
CN201464588U (en) * 2009-04-27 2010-05-12 上海闻涛电子科技有限公司 Polarity measurement circuit of electrolytic capacitor
CN110988577A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-10 西门子电气传动有限公司 Capacitance polarity reversal detection method, device and computer readable medium
CN111103492A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-05-05 广州赛睿检测设备有限公司 Multipath high-speed signal acquisition aging screening test bed
CN111337741A (en) * 2020-04-17 2020-06-26 常州华威电子有限公司 Automatic test recorder for leakage current of electrolytic capacitor
CN211123222U (en) * 2019-11-23 2020-07-28 常州市优策电子科技有限公司 Test system for detecting anode and cathode of electrolytic filter capacitor
CN212111618U (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-12-08 西门子电气传动有限公司 Capacitance polarity reverse connection detection device and system
CN115963334A (en) * 2021-08-26 2023-04-14 深圳市派捷电子科技有限公司 Electrolytic capacitor polarity detection method, electronic device, storage medium and program product

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04225174A (en) * 1990-12-27 1992-08-14 Yazaki Corp Detecting device for inverse connection of electrolytic capacitor
JPH1144722A (en) * 1997-07-25 1999-02-16 Murata Mfg Co Ltd Detecting method of contact of measuring terminal of capacitor
JP2001210567A (en) * 2000-01-24 2001-08-03 Adekkusu Kk Method and equipment for determining polarity of electrolytic polarized capacitor
CN201464588U (en) * 2009-04-27 2010-05-12 上海闻涛电子科技有限公司 Polarity measurement circuit of electrolytic capacitor
CN211123222U (en) * 2019-11-23 2020-07-28 常州市优策电子科技有限公司 Test system for detecting anode and cathode of electrolytic filter capacitor
CN110988577A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-10 西门子电气传动有限公司 Capacitance polarity reversal detection method, device and computer readable medium
CN111103492A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-05-05 广州赛睿检测设备有限公司 Multipath high-speed signal acquisition aging screening test bed
CN212111618U (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-12-08 西门子电气传动有限公司 Capacitance polarity reverse connection detection device and system
CN111337741A (en) * 2020-04-17 2020-06-26 常州华威电子有限公司 Automatic test recorder for leakage current of electrolytic capacitor
CN115963334A (en) * 2021-08-26 2023-04-14 深圳市派捷电子科技有限公司 Electrolytic capacitor polarity detection method, electronic device, storage medium and program product

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