CN117308719A - Detection method and system for tunnel drilling and blasting construction - Google Patents
Detection method and system for tunnel drilling and blasting construction Download PDFInfo
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- CN117308719A CN117308719A CN202311425453.4A CN202311425453A CN117308719A CN 117308719 A CN117308719 A CN 117308719A CN 202311425453 A CN202311425453 A CN 202311425453A CN 117308719 A CN117308719 A CN 117308719A
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 236
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 189
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 176
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/003—Arrangement of measuring or indicating devices for use during driving of tunnels, e.g. for guiding machines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a detection method and a system for tunnel drilling and blasting construction, wherein the method comprises the following steps: filling a detection plate matched with the edge of the tunnel face into a tunnel edge groove, performing drilling and blasting construction on the tunnel face, avoiding the detection plate in the drilling and blasting construction process, and blocking a blasthole after the drilling and blasting construction of the tunnel face is finished; fixing a plugging plate matched with the shape of the tunnel face of the tunnel, and enabling a detection data transmission line of the detection plate to penetrate through the plugging plate; and in the blasting tunneling process, the detection plate acquires blasting data to form historical data, and the detection equipment adjusts the drilling and blasting construction of the next section of tunnel face according to the historical data. The system is based on the above method. According to the invention, the detection plate is arranged before the tunnel drilling and blasting construction, the detection plate collects drilling and blasting data in the drilling and blasting construction, the detection equipment adjusts the drilling and blasting construction by using the drilling and blasting data, and the detection plate detects rock and soil data in the blasting and tunneling process in real time, adjusts the drilling and blasting construction according to the rock and soil data, and ensures the drilling and blasting construction safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tunnel blasting, in particular to a detection method and a detection system for tunnel drilling and blasting construction.
Background
Drilling and blasting construction is a method for blasting and crushing rock or soil, and is generally used in the fields of constructional engineering, mining, tunnel excavation and the like. The drilling and blasting construction is mainly carried out by the following steps: 1. geological investigation is carried out, and the conditions of stratum structure, lithology, groundwater and the like are known; 2. according to the investigation result, designing a blasting scheme suitable for a specific project; 3. according to the design requirement, drilling and arranging in the area needing blasting; 4. drilling operation is carried out by using a proper drilling tool and a proper drill bit, and the diameter, depth and angle of drilling are controlled well so as to ensure the accuracy and stability of drilling; 5. the blasting agents are charged into the borehole and the agents are typically charged to the bottom of the borehole using a detonating tube. 6. The blasting agent in the drill hole is detonated by triggering gunpowder in the detonating tube, and the rock or soil is broken by shock waves generated by blasting; 7. after blasting, fragments such as rock are cleaned, the blasting effect is checked and the blasting quality is evaluated.
The drilling and blasting construction is a dangerous work, and needs to be operated by a professional, and in the actual construction, proper measures are needed to protect the drilling and blasting safety in order to ensure the drilling and blasting construction safety. In addition, the dynamic and static states generated in the drilling and blasting construction are large, the influence on tunnel rock or soil is large, the rock or soil condition around the drilling and blasting needs to be detected in real time in the drilling and blasting process, and the drilling and blasting construction safety is further ensured.
In view of the above, it is necessary to develop a method and a system for detecting the drilling and blasting construction of a tunnel, so as to solve the problem of safety of the drilling and blasting construction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a detection method and a system for tunnel drilling and blasting construction, wherein a detection plate is arranged before the tunnel drilling and blasting construction, the detection plate collects drilling and blasting data in the drilling and blasting construction, and detection equipment adjusts the drilling and blasting construction by using the drilling and blasting data.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
in one aspect, the invention provides a method for detecting tunnel drilling and blasting construction, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, arranging a detection plate matched with the edge of a tunnel face into a tunnel edge groove, and excavating a narrow groove with the length of 10-25 m along the contour of the tunnel face towards the drilling and blasting direction of a tunnel to form the tunnel edge groove, wherein the shape of the tunnel edge groove is matched with the edge of the tunnel face;
step two, drilling and blasting construction is carried out from the tunnel face, the detection plate is avoided in the drilling and blasting construction process, and a blast hole is blocked after the drilling and blasting construction of the tunnel face is finished;
fixing a plugging plate matched with the shape of the tunnel face of the tunnel, and enabling a detection data transmission line of the detection plate to penetrate through the plugging plate;
and fourthly, acquiring blasting data by the detection plate in the blasting tunneling process to form historical data, and adjusting the drilling and blasting construction of the next section of tunnel face by the detection equipment according to the historical data.
Based on an aspect, in one possible implementation manner, the step one includes:
processing a detection plate to enable the detection plate to be matched with the outline of the tunnel face, wherein the detection plate is a whole plate or a plurality of plates matched with the edge of the tunnel face;
slotting along the drilling and blasting construction direction of the tunnel to form tunnel edge slots, wherein at least one tunnel edge slot is formed, the slot length of the tunnel edge slot is 10-25 m, and the slot depth of the tunnel edge slot is 8-15 cm;
the thickness of the detection plate is smaller than the notch depth of the tunnel edge groove, and the detection plate is in clearance fit with the tunnel edge groove when the detection plate is installed in the tunnel edge groove.
Based on an aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the first step further includes:
the drilling and blasting construction length of the tunnel face in the stage is 8-22 m;
the length of the tunnel edge groove at the stage is 10.2 m-25.5 m;
the length of the detection plate at the stage is 10-25 m;
when the detection plate of this stage is loaded into the tunnel edge groove, the front end of detection plate surpasses tunnel face and bores and explodes construction 2m ~5m, and the terminal of detection plate is located same tunnel cross-section with tunnel face for the shutoff board also contacts the terminal of detection plate when contacting tunnel face.
Based on an aspect, in one possible implementation manner, the step two includes:
the edge of the tunnel face is regular in molding, and the surface of the tunnel face is smooth;
carrying out drilling and blasting construction on the tunnel face according to design data such as drilling holes, charging, connecting lines, detonation and the like designed by drilling and blasting, and avoiding the detection plate in the drilling and blasting construction process;
arranging and constructing blastholes according to the construction excavation contour lines and the parameters and the quantity of blastholes, determining the midline, the horizontal line and the section contour of the excavation section before drilling the blastholes, and marking the positions of the blastholes;
and filling the blasting agent to the bottom of the blasthole by using a detonating tube, and blocking the muzzle of the blasthole by adopting a mixture of sand and clay, wherein the blocking length is 18 cm-45 cm.
Based on an aspect, in one possible implementation manner, the second step further includes:
when the tunnel face drilling and blasting construction is performed, the accuracy of the position and the direction of the blast hole is ensured to meet the drilling and blasting design requirement, so that the designed drilling and blasting excavation effect is realized;
uniformly arranging peripheral auxiliary holes along the outline of the tunnel face, wherein the arrangement of the peripheral auxiliary holes is close to the shape of the section of the drilling, blasting and excavating so that the section of the blasting and excavating tunnel reaches the preset shape and the preset size;
the blasthole and the auxiliary hole are both positioned on the inner side of the outline of the tunnel face, and the construction of the blasthole and the auxiliary hole is avoided from the tunnel edge groove and the detection plate.
Based on an aspect, in one possible implementation manner, the third step includes:
the detection board is connected with the detection equipment during the drilling and blasting construction of the tunnel face, and the detection board collects real-time rock data and real-time soil data during the drilling and blasting construction of the tunnel face and sends the real-time rock data and the real-time soil data to the detection equipment;
the detection equipment adjusts the drilling and blasting design based on a real-time rock data and real-time soil data coordination design unit, and adjusts the drilling and blasting construction of the tunnel face in real time according to the adjusted drilling and blasting design;
after the blast holes are blocked by adopting the mixture of sand and clay, the connection between the detection plate and the detection equipment is removed, and a detection data transmission line of the detection plate penetrates through a line passing hole reserved on the plugging plate;
the blocking plate is attached to the tunnel face of the tunnel for fixation, the blocking plate is in interference fit with the peripheral wall of the tunnel, and the blocking plate is fixed from the direction of excavated support of the tunnel;
the detection data transmission line is connected with the detection equipment again, so that the detection board and the detection equipment work in a coordinated mode.
Based on an aspect, in one possible implementation manner, the step four includes:
the detection plate acquires blasting data in real time in the blasting tunneling process;
the detection equipment receives and processes the blasting data in real time, and forms historical data from the processed data;
the detection equipment outputs the next-stage drilling and blasting construction optimization according to the historical data of the stage and referring to the historical data of the previous stage;
and optimizing and adjusting the parameters and the quantity of blastholes, the loading quantity, the loading structure, the detonation sequence and the detonation network of the lower stage according to the drilling and blasting design and the drilling and blasting construction of the lower stage.
On the other hand, the invention provides a detection system for tunnel drilling and blasting construction, which comprises the following components:
the tunnel edge groove construction unit excavates narrow grooves with the lengths of 10-25 m along the outline of the tunnel face to the drilling and blasting direction of the tunnel to form tunnel edge grooves, and the shapes of the tunnel edge grooves are matched with the edges of the tunnel face;
the detection board of the blasting drilling unit is arranged in the tunnel edge groove, the detection board is matched with the edge of the tunnel face, the detection board collects blasting data in the blasting tunneling process, the detection equipment of the blasting drilling unit forms the blasting data into historical data, and the detection equipment adjusts the drilling and blasting construction of the next section of tunnel face;
the drilling and blasting construction unit is used for drilling and blasting construction on the tunnel face, avoiding the detection plate in the drilling and blasting construction process, and blocking the blasthole after the drilling and blasting construction on the tunnel face is finished; the drilling and blasting construction unit is characterized in that the plugging plate matched with the shape of the tunnel face is fixed on the tunnel face, and a detection data transmission line of the detection plate penetrates through the plugging plate to be connected with the detection equipment again.
On the other hand, in one possible implementation manner, the tunnel edge groove construction unit adopts a drilling machine and a hydraulic hammer to alternately cut to form narrow grooves with the lengths of 10 m-25 m and the depths of 8 cm-15 cm.
On the other hand, in one possible implementation manner, a plurality of detection sensors are embedded on the detection board, and each detection sensor is connected with the detection device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the detection plate is arranged before the tunnel drilling and blasting construction, the detection plate collects drilling and blasting data in the drilling and blasting construction, the detection equipment adjusts the drilling and blasting construction by using the drilling and blasting data, and the detection plate detects rock and soil data in the blasting and tunneling process in real time, adjusts the drilling and blasting construction according to the rock and soil data, and ensures the drilling and blasting construction safety.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a detection method for tunnel drilling and blasting construction provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a detection system for tunnel drilling and blasting construction provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a whole detection plate, a tunnel blasting driving direction and a plugging plate structure;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a plurality of probe plates and a structure of a plugging plate in the blasting tunneling direction of a tunnel;
FIG. 5 is a second diagram of a plurality of detection plates, a tunnel blasting tunneling direction and a plugging plate structure;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a whole detection plate, a tunnel blasting tunneling direction and a plugging plate structure;
FIG. 7 is an exemplary view of a plugged blasthole and surrounding auxiliary eyes for use in a tunnel face construction in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of a whole detection plate, a tunnel blasting tunneling direction and a plugging plate structure;
fig. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view of a probe card provided by the present invention.
In the figure, a 1-tunnel face; 2-a detection plate; 21-a plate body; 22-detecting sensors; 23-detecting a data transmission line; 24-an elastic protective layer; 3-a plugging plate; 31-a wire via; 4-blocking the blasthole; 5-peripheral auxiliary eyes; 6-blasting tunneling direction of the tunnel; 7-blasthole.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, but it should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the present invention, and functional, method, or structural equivalents and alternatives according to the embodiments are within the scope of protection of the present invention by those skilled in the art.
In the description of the present embodiment, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first", "a second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
The terms "mounted," "connected," "coupled," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the creation of the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in a specific case.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for detecting tunnel drilling and blasting construction, including the following steps:
firstly, arranging a detection plate matched with the edge of a tunnel face into a tunnel edge groove, and excavating a narrow groove with the length of 10-25 m along the contour of the tunnel face to the drilling and blasting direction of a tunnel to form the tunnel edge groove, wherein the shape of the tunnel edge groove is matched with the edge of the tunnel face.
The above "face" is also called face, and is a term in tunnel construction. I.e. working surfaces where excavation of tunnels (in coal mining, mining or tunnel engineering) is constantly advancing. The tunnel face edge refers to the outline of the face. The tunnel edge groove is a narrow groove formed by excavating a part of profile sections which are closely attached to the outer profile of the tunnel.
The first step includes: processing a detection plate to enable the detection plate to be matched with the outline of the tunnel face, wherein the detection plate is a whole plate or a plurality of plates matched with the edge of the tunnel face; slotting along the drilling and blasting construction direction of the tunnel to form tunnel edge slots, wherein at least one tunnel edge slot is formed, the slot length of the tunnel edge slot is 10-25 m, and the slot depth of the tunnel edge slot is 8-15 cm; the thickness of the detection plate is smaller than the notch depth of the tunnel edge groove, and the detection plate is in clearance fit with the tunnel edge groove when the detection plate is installed in the tunnel edge groove.
The first step further includes: the drilling and blasting construction length of the tunnel face in the stage is 8-22 m; the length of the tunnel edge groove at the stage is 10.2 m-25.5 m; the length of the detection plate at the stage is 10-25 m; when the detection plate of this stage is loaded into the tunnel edge groove, the front end of detection plate surpasses tunnel face and bores and explodes construction 2m ~5m, and the terminal of detection plate is located same tunnel cross-section with tunnel face for the shutoff board also contacts the terminal of detection plate when contacting tunnel face.
Referring to fig. 3 to 9, in the embodiment of the present invention, the purpose of matching the probe plate 2 with the tunnel edge groove is to make the probe plate 2 fit with the tunnel edge groove, so that the probe plate 2 can accurately collect rock and soil loosening conditions in drilling and blasting construction of the tunnel face 1, and the probe plate 2 can accurately collect rock and soil crushing conditions when the rock and soil are crushed by shock waves generated in the process of blasting and tunneling the tunnel. Wherein, fig. 3, 6 and 8 show the condition of a whole detection plate 2 for collecting rock and soil, and fig. 4 and 5 show the condition of a plurality of detection plates 2 for collecting rock and soil. In actual construction, it is necessary to construct the tunnel edge groove according to the condition of the probe plate 2. The use of the probe plate 2 is determined by the geological conditions of the drill burst. According to the embodiment of the invention, the tunnel edge groove and the detection plate 2 are matched with the outline of the tunnel face 1, so that the detection plate 2 can more accurately collect data in rock and soil drilling and blasting construction and blasting and tunneling processes.
And secondly, avoiding the detection plate in the drilling and blasting construction process of the tunnel face, and blocking the blasthole after the drilling and blasting construction of the tunnel face is finished.
The second step comprises the following steps: the edge of the tunnel face is regular in molding, and the surface of the tunnel face is smooth; carrying out drilling and blasting construction on the tunnel face according to design data such as drilling holes, charging, connecting lines, detonation and the like designed by drilling and blasting, and avoiding a detection plate in the drilling and blasting construction process; arranging and constructing blastholes according to the construction excavation contour lines and the parameters and the quantity of blastholes, determining the midline, the horizontal line and the section contour of the excavation section before drilling the blastholes, and marking the positions of the blastholes; and filling the blasting agent to the bottom of the blasthole by using a detonating tube, and blocking the muzzle of the blasthole by adopting a mixture of sand and clay, wherein the blocking length is 18 cm-45 cm.
The second step further comprises: when the tunnel face drilling and blasting construction is performed, the accuracy of the position and the direction of the blast hole is ensured to meet the drilling and blasting design requirement, so that the designed drilling and blasting excavation effect is realized; uniformly arranging peripheral auxiliary holes along the outline of the tunnel face, wherein the arrangement of the peripheral auxiliary holes is close to the shape of the section of the drilling, blasting and excavating so that the section of the blasting and excavating tunnel reaches the preset shape and the preset size; the blasthole and the auxiliary hole are both positioned on the inner side of the outline of the tunnel face, and the construction of the blasthole and the auxiliary hole is avoided from the tunnel edge groove and the detection plate.
The purpose of avoiding the detection plate in the drilling and blasting construction is to avoid damaging the detection plate in the drilling and blasting construction process, and rock and soil data cannot be accurately acquired in the later stage.
And thirdly, fixing a plugging plate matched with the shape of the tunnel face of the tunnel on the tunnel face, and enabling a detection data transmission line of the detection plate to penetrate through the plugging plate.
The third step comprises the following steps: the detection board is connected with the detection equipment during the drilling and blasting construction of the tunnel face, and the detection board collects real-time rock data and real-time soil data during the drilling and blasting construction of the tunnel face and sends the real-time rock data and the real-time soil data to the detection equipment; the detection equipment adjusts the drilling and blasting design based on a real-time rock data and real-time soil data coordination design unit, and adjusts the drilling and blasting construction of the tunnel face in real time according to the adjusted drilling and blasting design; after the blast holes are blocked by adopting the mixture of sand and clay, the connection between the detection plate and the detection equipment is removed, and a detection data transmission line of the detection plate penetrates through a line passing hole reserved on the plugging plate; the blocking plate is attached to the tunnel face of the tunnel for fixation, the blocking plate is in interference fit with the peripheral wall of the tunnel, and the blocking plate is fixed from the direction of excavated support of the tunnel; the detection data transmission line is connected with the detection equipment again, so that the detection board and the detection equipment work in a coordinated mode.
The embodiment of the invention provides a plugging plate, which aims to prevent broken rocks from splashing to a tunnel constructed area during blasting and tunneling and damage facilities and equipment in the tunnel constructed area. The plugging plate provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts the thickened iron plate, and the bearing impact force of the thickened iron plate is larger than the impact force of broken rock during blasting tunneling.
And fourthly, acquiring blasting data by a detection plate in the blasting tunneling process to form historical data, and adjusting the drilling and blasting construction of the next section of tunnel face by the detection equipment according to the historical data.
The fourth step comprises: the detection plate acquires blasting data in real time in the blasting tunneling process; the detection equipment receives and processes the blasting data in real time, and forms historical data from the processed data; the detection equipment outputs the next-stage drilling and blasting construction optimization according to the historical data of the stage and referring to the historical data of the previous stage; and optimizing and adjusting the parameters and the quantity of blastholes, the loading quantity, the loading structure, the detonation sequence and the detonation network of the lower stage according to the drilling and blasting design and the drilling and blasting construction of the lower stage.
Referring to fig. 8 and 9, a probe board 2 according to an embodiment of the invention includes a board body 21, a plurality of probe sensors 22, a probe data transmission line 23 and an elastic protection layer 24, wherein the plurality of probe sensors 22 are embedded in the board body 21, and the probe data transmission line 23 is accommodated in the board body 21 and exposed outside the board body 21 for connecting the probe data transmission line 23 to a probe device. It is noted that the detection sensor 22 of the embodiment of the present invention includes a sound sensor and a vibration sensor. When the blasting tunneling operation is carried out, the sound sensor and the vibration sensor are arranged, so that not only can the rock and soil conditions be collected, but also the monitoring and evaluation of the influence range and the strength of the blasting tunneling can be facilitated. The boundary of the monitored area needs to be determined. The position of the acoustic sensor and vibration sensor in the plate body 21 is determined using the area covering the entire burst cutting area. According to the embodiment of the invention, the outline of the tunnel face 1 around the blasting tunneling is selected, accurate acoustic signals can be obtained, and the sound sensor and the vibration sensor are arranged at the edge position of the tunnel face 1 which is close to the blasting source but still safe. The sound sensors of the embodiment of the invention are evenly distributed in the blasting tunneling area so as to obtain comprehensive acoustic data in the blasting tunneling process. The vibration sensor provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for capturing the intensity of vibration waves and the propagation path in the process of breaking rock and soil during blasting tunneling. In the embodiment of the invention, the vibration sensor distribution network is arranged in the plate body 21, and covers the whole blasting tunneling area. The data collected by the sound sensor and the vibration sensor are transmitted to the detection equipment.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the detection plate 2 is arranged before the tunnel drilling and blasting construction, the detection plate 2 collects drilling and blasting data in the drilling and blasting construction, the drilling and blasting construction is adjusted by the detection equipment by using the drilling and blasting data, and the detection plate 2 detects rock and soil data in the blasting and tunneling process in real time, adjusts the drilling and blasting construction according to the rock and soil data, and ensures the safety of the drilling and blasting construction.
On the basis of the detection method of the tunnel drilling and blasting construction disclosed above, referring to fig. 2, the invention provides a detection system of the tunnel drilling and blasting construction, which comprises a tunnel edge groove construction unit, a blasting drilling unit and a drilling and blasting construction unit.
Wherein: the tunnel edge groove construction unit excavates narrow grooves with the length of 10 m-25 m along the contour of the tunnel face to the tunnel drilling and blasting direction to form tunnel edge grooves, and the shapes of the tunnel edge grooves are matched with the edges of the tunnel face. And the tunnel edge groove construction unit adopts a drilling machine and a hydraulic hammer to alternately draw grooves to form narrow grooves with the lengths of 10 m-25 m and the depths of 8 cm-15 cm.
Wherein: the detection plate of the blasting drilling unit is arranged in the tunnel edge groove, the detection plate is matched with the edge of the tunnel face of the tunnel, the detection plate collects blasting data in the blasting tunneling process, the detection equipment of the blasting drilling unit forms historical data with the blasting data, and the detection equipment adjusts the drilling and blasting construction of the next section of tunnel face. The detection plate is embedded with a plurality of detection sensors, and each detection sensor is connected with detection equipment.
Wherein: the drilling and blasting construction unit is used for drilling and blasting construction on the tunnel face, avoiding the detection plate in the drilling and blasting construction process, and blocking the blasthole after the drilling and blasting construction on the tunnel face is finished; the drilling and blasting construction unit is used for fixing a plugging plate matched with the shape of the tunnel face on the tunnel face, and a detection data transmission line of the detection plate penetrates through the plugging plate to be connected with the detection equipment again.
In the embodiment of the invention, when blasting tunneling operation is performed, the following measures are taken to realize leveling of the tunneling peripheral wall and the tunneling face. (1) And (3) adjusting the drilling and blasting design scheme in real time according to the historical data collected by the detection equipment, so as to achieve accurate blasthole arrangement and blasthole parameter selection. Before the drilling and blasting construction and blasting tunneling of the lower stage are carried out, the positions and arrangement schemes of blastholes of the lower stage are redetermined and adjusted, and the positions of blastholes are accurately arranged according to the shape of the blasting tunneling surface, geological conditions and historical data which are required to be leveled. Reasonable blasthole arrangement can effectively realize smooth blasting face, controls the degree of depth and the angle of blasthole to ensure to form smooth section when blasting the tunnelling, the degree of depth and the angle of blasthole are adjusted in real time according to historical data, in order to reach required roughness. (2) By selecting a proper blasting tunneling mode and selecting a proper blasting tunneling mode according to actual needs, and through a reasonable charging mode and a reasonable detonation sequence, the crushing and displacement of rock and soil can be controlled, so that a smooth blasting tunneling surface is realized. And (3) controlling blasting tunneling parameters. The reasonable control of blasting tunneling parameters such as the loading capacity, the loading density, the detonation time and the like plays an important role in realizing smooth blasting tunneling. (4) guiding rock breaking; reasonably arranging blastholes according to the area to be crushed and the crushing mode; selecting proper positions and intervals to cover the whole crushing area and ensure that the blastholes are sufficiently dense; selecting an appropriate charge to achieve fragmentation (including hole-following charges, annular charges, specific patterns, etc.); selecting a charging mode which can lead the rock to be broken most as required and controlling charging parameters such as the charging amount and the charging density; of course, the crushing effect can be enhanced by increasing the charge quantity and the charge density, the detonation sequence is properly regulated and reasonably arranged according to geological conditions and requirements so as to influence the direction and the process of rock crushing, and the rock is guided to be crushed in a specific mode through the ordered detonation sequence, so that the expected crushing effect is achieved.
The above list of detailed descriptions is only specific to practical embodiments of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent embodiments or modifications that do not depart from the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. The detection method for the tunnel drilling and blasting construction is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, arranging a detection plate matched with the edge of a tunnel face into a tunnel edge groove, and excavating a narrow groove with the length of 10-25 m along the contour of the tunnel face towards the drilling and blasting direction of a tunnel to form the tunnel edge groove, wherein the shape of the tunnel edge groove is matched with the edge of the tunnel face;
step two, drilling and blasting construction is carried out from the tunnel face, the detection plate is avoided in the drilling and blasting construction process, and a blast hole is blocked after the drilling and blasting construction of the tunnel face is finished;
fixing a plugging plate matched with the shape of the tunnel face of the tunnel, and enabling a detection data transmission line of the detection plate to penetrate through the plugging plate;
and fourthly, acquiring blasting data by the detection plate in the blasting tunneling process to form historical data, and adjusting the drilling and blasting construction of the next section of tunnel face by the detection equipment according to the historical data.
2. The method for detecting the tunnel drilling and blasting according to claim 1, wherein the first step comprises:
processing a detection plate to enable the detection plate to be matched with the outline of the tunnel face, wherein the detection plate is a whole plate or a plurality of plates matched with the edge of the tunnel face;
slotting along the drilling and blasting construction direction of the tunnel to form tunnel edge slots, wherein at least one tunnel edge slot is formed, the slot length of the tunnel edge slot is 10-25 m, and the slot depth of the tunnel edge slot is 8-15 cm;
the thickness of the detection plate is smaller than the notch depth of the tunnel edge groove, and the detection plate is in clearance fit with the tunnel edge groove when the detection plate is installed in the tunnel edge groove.
3. The method for detecting the tunnel drilling and blasting according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first step further comprises:
the drilling and blasting construction length of the tunnel face in the stage is 8-22 m;
the length of the tunnel edge groove at the stage is 10.2 m-25.5 m;
the length of the detection plate at the stage is 10-25 m;
when the detection plate of this stage is loaded into the tunnel edge groove, the front end of detection plate surpasses tunnel face and bores and explodes construction 2m ~5m, and the terminal of detection plate is located same tunnel cross-section with tunnel face for the shutoff board also contacts the terminal of detection plate when contacting tunnel face.
4. The method for detecting the tunnel drilling and blasting construction according to claim 1, wherein the second step comprises:
the edge of the tunnel face is regular in molding, and the surface of the tunnel face is smooth;
carrying out drilling and blasting construction on the tunnel face according to design data such as drilling holes, charging, connecting lines, detonation and the like designed by drilling and blasting, and avoiding the detection plate in the drilling and blasting construction process;
arranging and constructing blastholes according to the construction excavation contour lines and the parameters and the quantity of blastholes, determining the midline, the horizontal line and the section contour of the excavation section before drilling the blastholes, and marking the positions of the blastholes;
and filling the blasting agent to the bottom of the blasthole by using a detonating tube, and blocking the muzzle of the blasthole by adopting a mixture of sand and clay, wherein the blocking length is 18 cm-45 cm.
5. The method for detecting the tunnel drilling and blasting according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the second step further comprises:
when the tunnel face drilling and blasting construction is performed, the accuracy of the position and the direction of the blast hole is ensured to meet the drilling and blasting design requirement, so that the designed drilling and blasting excavation effect is realized;
uniformly arranging peripheral auxiliary holes along the outline of the tunnel face, wherein the arrangement of the peripheral auxiliary holes is close to the shape of the section of the drilling, blasting and excavating so that the section of the blasting and excavating tunnel reaches the preset shape and the preset size;
the blasthole and the auxiliary hole are both positioned on the inner side of the outline of the tunnel face, and the construction of the blasthole and the auxiliary hole is avoided from the tunnel edge groove and the detection plate.
6. The method for detecting the tunnel drilling and blasting construction according to claim 1, wherein the third step comprises:
the detection board is connected with the detection equipment during the drilling and blasting construction of the tunnel face, and the detection board collects real-time rock data and real-time soil data during the drilling and blasting construction of the tunnel face and sends the real-time rock data and the real-time soil data to the detection equipment;
the detection equipment adjusts the drilling and blasting design based on a real-time rock data and real-time soil data coordination design unit, and adjusts the drilling and blasting construction of the tunnel face in real time according to the adjusted drilling and blasting design;
after the blast holes are blocked by adopting the mixture of sand and clay, the connection between the detection plate and the detection equipment is removed, and a detection data transmission line of the detection plate penetrates through a line passing hole reserved on the plugging plate;
the blocking plate is attached to the tunnel face of the tunnel for fixation, the blocking plate is in interference fit with the peripheral wall of the tunnel, and the blocking plate is fixed from the direction of excavated support of the tunnel;
the detection data transmission line is connected with the detection equipment again, so that the detection board and the detection equipment work in a coordinated mode.
7. The method for detecting the tunnel drilling and blasting construction according to claim 1, wherein the fourth step comprises:
the detection plate acquires blasting data in real time in the blasting tunneling process;
the detection equipment receives and processes the blasting data in real time, and forms historical data from the processed data;
the detection equipment outputs the next-stage drilling and blasting construction optimization according to the historical data of the stage and referring to the historical data of the previous stage;
and optimizing and adjusting the parameters and the quantity of blastholes, the loading quantity, the loading structure, the detonation sequence and the detonation network of the lower stage according to the drilling and blasting design and the drilling and blasting construction of the lower stage.
8. The utility model provides a detection system of tunnel boring explosion construction which characterized in that includes:
the tunnel edge groove construction unit excavates narrow grooves with the lengths of 10-25 m along the outline of the tunnel face to the drilling and blasting direction of the tunnel to form tunnel edge grooves, and the shapes of the tunnel edge grooves are matched with the edges of the tunnel face;
the detection board of the blasting drilling unit is arranged in the tunnel edge groove, the detection board is matched with the edge of the tunnel face, the detection board collects blasting data in the blasting tunneling process, the detection equipment of the blasting drilling unit forms the blasting data into historical data, and the detection equipment adjusts the drilling and blasting construction of the next section of tunnel face;
the drilling and blasting construction unit is used for drilling and blasting construction on the tunnel face, avoiding the detection plate in the drilling and blasting construction process, and blocking the blasthole after the drilling and blasting construction on the tunnel face is finished; the drilling and blasting construction unit is characterized in that the plugging plate matched with the shape of the tunnel face is fixed on the tunnel face, and a detection data transmission line of the detection plate penetrates through the plugging plate to be connected with the detection equipment again.
9. The detection system for tunnel drilling and blasting construction according to claim 8, wherein the tunnel edge groove construction unit adopts a drilling machine and a hydraulic hammer to alternately perform grooving operation to form narrow grooves with the lengths of 10 m-25 m and the depths of 8 cm-15 cm.
10. The system for detecting tunnel drilling and blasting according to claim 8, wherein the detecting plate is embedded with a plurality of detecting sensors, and each detecting sensor is connected with detecting equipment.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311425453.4A CN117308719A (en) | 2023-10-31 | 2023-10-31 | Detection method and system for tunnel drilling and blasting construction |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311425453.4A CN117308719A (en) | 2023-10-31 | 2023-10-31 | Detection method and system for tunnel drilling and blasting construction |
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| CN117308719A true CN117308719A (en) | 2023-12-29 |
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| CN202311425453.4A Pending CN117308719A (en) | 2023-10-31 | 2023-10-31 | Detection method and system for tunnel drilling and blasting construction |
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| CN (1) | CN117308719A (en) |
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