CN117308105A - Device, method and application of self-lowering fly ash in garbage incinerator - Google Patents

Device, method and application of self-lowering fly ash in garbage incinerator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117308105A
CN117308105A CN202311250560.8A CN202311250560A CN117308105A CN 117308105 A CN117308105 A CN 117308105A CN 202311250560 A CN202311250560 A CN 202311250560A CN 117308105 A CN117308105 A CN 117308105A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
fly ash
self
flue gas
incinerator
cyclone separator
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Pending
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CN202311250560.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
姬国钊
张东宽
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Tianyun Low Carbon New Energy Technology Liaoning Co ltd
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Dalian University of Technology
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Priority to CN202311250560.8A priority Critical patent/CN117308105A/en
Publication of CN117308105A publication Critical patent/CN117308105A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
    • B01D45/02—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising gravity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
    • B01D45/12—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces
    • B01D45/16—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces generated by the winding course of the gas stream, the centrifugal forces being generated solely or partly by mechanical means, e.g. fixed swirl vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/30—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a fluidised bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

A device, a method and an application of self-lowering fly ash in a garbage incinerator belong to the field of solid waste incineration treatment. The device comprises a flue gas inlet, a flue gas outlet and a self-descending unit arranged between the flue gas inlet and the flue gas outlet, wherein the number of the self-descending units is more than one, the self-descending units are connected in series and/or in parallel, and each self-descending unit comprises a cyclone separator, a Tesla valve runner and a fly ash sedimentation port. After the garbage is incinerated in the garbage incinerator, the flue gas enters a flue gas inlet through a secondary combustion chamber at the top of the incinerator. The cyclone separator is connected with the flue gas inlet to remove fly ash and other solid particles carried in the flue gas. The fly ash and solid particles separated by the cyclone separator are subjected to secondary combustion after being returned to the incinerator through a Tesla valve runner below the cyclone separator. The device can automatically separate and settle the fly ash and perform secondary or repeated combustion, reduces the generation of the fly ash, and is more environment-friendly and has higher energy efficiency.

Description

Device, method and application of self-lowering fly ash in garbage incinerator
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solid waste incineration treatment, in particular to a device and a method for self-lowering fly ash in a garbage incinerator and application thereof.
Background
The garbage incinerator is equipment for incinerating garbage, and is widely applied to the field of solid waste treatment. The garbage is burnt in the hearth to generate heat and become ash and waste gas, and the garbage incinerator is equipment for recycling garbage energy, so that land waste and surface water and underground water pollution caused by landfill are avoided. The types of garbage incinerators which are relatively mature in application include mechanical grate incinerators, fluidized bed incinerators, rotary incinerators and the like. Because of complex garbage components, the combustion dynamics of different components are greatly different, and the content of the components is not uniform, the combustion is insufficient or various components cannot be burnt out simultaneously, unburnt particles are generated, and a large amount of fly ash is formed. In either type of incinerator, a large amount of fly ash is produced in the incinerator during garbage incineration, and the fly ash is generally removed outside the incinerator by adopting a cyclone dust collector, a bag dust collector and an electrostatic dust collector.
There remains a need in the art for improvements to existing waste incinerators. Because the existing garbage incinerator is provided with the dust removing device outside the incinerator, on one hand, fly ash cannot be fully combusted to release heat, and on the other hand, the fly ash is high in yield, and a huge burden is caused to subsequent fly ash removal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device, a method and application for self-lowering fly ash in a garbage incinerator, which solve the technical problems, strengthen turbulence in the garbage incinerator, enable the fly ash to be subjected to self-sedimentation for many times, fully burn and decompose and sediment into bottom ash, reduce the carry-out of the fly ash, release more heat energy in a reaction furnace, improve the thermal efficiency of the garbage incinerator and reduce energy loss and environmental pollution.
The technical problems solved by the invention can be realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the device for self-descending fly ash in the garbage incinerator is called as a fly ash self-sedimentation device 1 for short, the fly ash self-sedimentation device 1 is connected to a secondary combustion chamber at the inner top of the incinerator and comprises a flue gas inlet 4, a flue gas outlet 5 and self-descending units arranged between the flue gas inlet 4 and the flue gas outlet 5, the number of the self-descending units is more than one, the self-descending units are connected in series and/or in parallel, and each self-descending unit comprises a cyclone separator 6, a Tesla valve runner 7 and a fly ash sedimentation port 8.
The flue gas inlet 4 is the inlet of the cyclone separator 6 of the first self-descending unit and is connected with the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber at the top of the incinerator, the flue gas outlet 5 is the outlet of the last cyclone separator 6, the ash outlet at the bottom end of the cyclone separator 6 is connected with the top end of the Tesla valve runner 7, and the bottom end of the Tesla valve runner 7 is a fly ash sedimentation port 8.
Further, the tesla valve flow passage 7 is composed of an alternate space branching structure, each main passage is divided into two branch passages, one of the branch passages is a straight passage, the other branch passage is a semi-annular passage, the branch passages return to the inclined straight passage through a bend, and the branch passages and the straight passage are recombined into the main passage.
Further, the branching structure of the tesla valve flow channel 7 can increase or decrease the number of branches, the width of the channel, the curvature of the curve, etc. according to the requirement.
Furthermore, the Tesla valve flow passage has unidirectionality, has small flow resistance in one direction and easy flow, but has large resistance in the other direction (opposite direction), has very difficult flow, and is equivalent to a check valve, so that solid particles such as fly ash obtained by separation sink into the incinerator by gravity along the direction with small resistance, and smoke and fly ash in the incinerator are prevented from reversely rushing from the Tesla valve flow passage to the cyclone separator, and the blockage and damage of the device are prevented.
The method for self-lowering fly ash in garbage incinerator includes such steps as passing the fume through the fume inlet 4 of the self-settling device 1 of the secondary combustion chamber at the top of incinerator, removing carried fly ash and other solid particles by the fume through cyclone separator 6, returning the fly ash and solid particles to incinerator through Tesla valve channel 7 at the lower part of cyclone separator 6, repeatedly burning the separated fly ash and unburned solid particles, transferring part of fly ash to become bottom ash, and leaving the incinerator through fume outlet 5.
The utility model provides an application of self-dropping fly ash device in garbage incinerator, fly ash self-settling device 1 connects on the burning furnace top secondary combustion chamber, and rubbish feeder 3 is constantly carried rubbish to burning in the burning furnace and is decomposed, and after the rubbish burns, the flue gas that produces is turned to fly ash self-settling device 1 through burning furnace top secondary combustion chamber, and the bottom ash can subside on the bottom grate, is carried the lime-ash reprocessing, the reuse device outside the burning furnace by the grate ash leakage conveyer 2.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the technical scheme, the invention is characterized in that a plurality of groups of self-descending units which are connected in series and in parallel are added in the reaction furnace, the self-descending units can realize self-descending and multiple combustion of the fly ash in the incinerator to thoroughly decompose, the amount of the generated fly ash is greatly reduced, the fly ash is converted into bottom ash which is more convenient to process, meanwhile, due to the integrated design of the garbage incinerator and the self-descending fly ash device, the flue gas is not required to be led out of the incinerator to be separated again, the outer surface of the whole device is reduced, the heat loss due to wall heat dissipation is reduced, the built-in separation device can also strengthen turbulent flow in the secondary combustion chamber, so that the incinerator has higher heat efficiency, is more environment-friendly, energy-saving and efficient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of the position of a device for self-lowering fly ash in a refuse incinerator according to the invention in the incinerator, wherein the device comprises a 1-fly ash self-settling device, a 2-grate ash leakage conveyor and a 3-refuse feeder.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the flow field in the incinerator of the apparatus and method for self-lowering fly ash in the refuse incinerator according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the self-descending fly ash device in the garbage incinerator, wherein the device comprises a 4-smoke inlet, a 5-smoke outlet, a 6-cyclone separator, a 7-Tesla valve runner and an 8-fly ash sedimentation port.
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow diagram of the flow path of a Tesla valve of the apparatus and method for self-lowering fly ash in a waste incinerator according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
In order to make the structural features, operation process and application effect of the invention easy to understand, the core idea of the invention will be clearly and completely explained below with reference to the drawings of the invention. Based on the present invention, other results that a person of ordinary skill in the art would achieve without making any inventive effort are within the scope of the present invention.
The position and arrangement of the device for self-lowering fly ash in a refuse incinerator according to the invention, which is described and shown in the drawings, in the incinerator can be designed in different configurations.
Like reference numerals and letters refer to like items in the following figures, once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation of the contents thereof is required in the following figures.
In describing the present invention, it should be noted that the description of the direction and the positional relationship indicated based on the drawings is based on the azimuth or positional relationship conventionally understood by those skilled in the art, and is a simplified description for convenience of description of the present invention.
"flue gas" refers to the general meaning of gases, fly ash and other solid particles produced by incineration of refuse, not a particular material.
Referring to fig. 3, the invention relates to a device and a method for self-lowering fly ash in a garbage incinerator, and the structure of the device for self-lowering fly ash in the incinerator comprises a 4-smoke inlet, a 5-smoke outlet, a 6-cyclone separator, a 7-Tesla valve runner and an 8-fly ash sedimentation port.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the invention relates to a device, a method and an application for self-lowering fly ash in a garbage incinerator, wherein the method for realizing self-sedimentation of the fly ash in the incinerator is that the self-sedimentation device is added on a secondary combustion chamber at the top of the inside of a reaction furnace, and both ends of the fly ash self-sedimentation device are communicated with the combustion chamber of the reaction furnace, so that the circulating combustion and self-sedimentation of the fly ash in the incinerator are realized, which is different from the mode of adding a dust removing device outside the incinerator in the traditional garbage incinerator.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the garbage feeder 3 and the ash discharge conveyor 2 are for the purpose of illustrating the additional contents of an apparatus and method for self-lowering fly ash in a garbage incinerator according to the present invention, and are not intended to limit the type of garbage incinerator to which the present invention is applied.
Based on the invention, each cyclone separator 6 and the Tesla valve runner 7 below are regarded as a self-descending unit, and a plurality of self-descending units can be connected in series and in parallel according to the amount of fly ash generated by garbage incineration and the number of times of self-sedimentation. The series connection is to connect one self-lowering unit after the other, and the parallel connection is to arrange a plurality of self-lowering units side by side and perpendicular to the section shown in fig. 3, so that the flue gas enters from the flue gas inlets of a plurality of processing units at a time.
The fly ash can be automatically lowered and subjected to secondary or repeated combustion by connecting the plurality of self-lowering units in series, so that the generation of the fly ash is reduced, and the method is more environment-friendly and has higher energy efficiency.
By connecting a plurality of self-descending units in parallel, the treatment flow of the flue gas is increased, and more fly ash can be self-settled.
The tesla valve flow passage 7 is composed of alternate space branches, each main passage is divided into two passages, the two passages are converged together after passing through the annular passage, a series of branches at the back are the same as the two passages, and the number of the branches, the width of the passages, the curvature of the curve and the like can be increased or reduced according to the requirement.
The tesla valve flow passage 7 has the characteristics of small flow resistance in one direction, easy flow, large flow resistance due to collision of two flows in the other direction, and very difficult flow, and is equivalent to a check valve, so that solid particles such as fly ash obtained by separation are deposited into an incinerator by gravity from the direction with small resistance, and the fly ash in the incinerator is prevented from reversely rushing from the tesla valve flow passage to the cyclone separator, and the blockage and damage of the device are prevented.
The application range of the invention includes, but is not limited to, garbage incinerators, but can also be applied to coal-fired boilers, fluidized bed reactors and other spaces requiring the cyclic reaction of fly ash and solid particles to achieve maximum utilization while reducing fly ash by the same principle.
Example 1:
a method for self-lowering fly ash in a garbage incinerator, which comprises the following steps of:
the flue gas generated by the incinerated garbage enters the flue gas inlet 4 of the fly ash self-lowering device from the secondary combustion chamber at the top of the incinerator.
The flue gas enters a cyclone separator 6, and the cyclone separator 6 separates fly ash and other various solid particles in the flue gas.
The fly ash which is not effectively separated by the primary cyclone separator 6 and other various solid particles in the flue gas are continuously fed into the next cyclone separator 6 for further separation.
Fly ash and various solid particles fall from the bottom of the cyclone separator 6 into the tesla valve flow channel 7 due to gravity.
The fly ash and various solid particles further settle in the Tesla valve runner 7 to the fly ash settling port 8, and then return to the combustion chamber of the garbage incinerator for secondary combustion and decomposition.
The insufficiently combusted and decomposed fly ash is again subjected to cyclic sedimentation and combustion and decomposition in the above-described manner until complete combustion, and the fly ash becomes bottom ash.
The bottom ash is more convenient to process and less in environmental pollution compared with the fly ash, and can be conveyed to other subsequent reprocessing and recycling devices for disposal.
Example 2:
a method for self-descending circulating combustion of pulverized coal in a coal-fired boiler adds the fly ash self-descending device to the top of a combustion chamber of the boiler, and self-descending and re-combustion of coal ash in the coal-fired boiler comprises the following steps:
the coal powder which is not fully combusted enters the flue gas inlet 4 of the fly ash self-lowering device from the secondary combustion chamber at the top of the combustion chamber.
The flue gas enters a cyclone separator 6, and the cyclone separator 6 separates the insufficiently combusted pulverized coal and other various solid particles.
The insufficiently combusted pulverized coal and other various solid particles which are not effectively separated by the primary cyclone separator 6 are continuously fed into the next cyclone separator 6 for further separation.
The insufficiently combusted pulverized coal and other various solid particles fall from the bottom of the cyclone separator 6 into the tesla valve flow passage 7 due to gravity.
The coal dust which is not fully combusted and other various solid particles are further settled in a Tesla valve runner 7 to a fly ash settling port 8, and then returned to the combustion chamber of the coal-fired boiler for secondary combustion and decomposition.
The pulverized coal decomposed by insufficient combustion is circularly settled and combusted in the above manner again until the pulverized coal is completely combusted, and becomes bottom ash.
The invention can improve the heating efficiency of the coal by adding the energy-saving device into the coal-fired boiler, and is equivalent to an economizer.
Example 3:
the self-dropping method for the material in the fluidized bed reactor adds the fly ash self-dropping device to the top of the fluidized bed reactor, and the self-dropping and re-reaction of the material in the fluidized bed reactor comprises the following steps:
the partially fluidized bed material in the fluidized bed reactor, due to the too high velocity, enters the flue gas inlet 4 of the fly ash self-lowering device from the top of the reactor.
The bed material is further carried into a cyclone separator 6, and the cyclone separator 6 separates particulate matters such as the bed material, fly ash and the like from gas.
The particles and gas which are not effectively separated by the primary cyclone separator 6 are continuously sent to the next cyclone separator for further separation.
The separated particles fall from the bottom of the cyclone separator 6 into a tesla valve flow channel 7 due to gravity.
The particles further settle in the tesla valve flow channel 7 to the fly ash settling port 8 and then return to the fluidized bed reactor for reaction.
The invention can reduce the carry-out of the bed material and improve the reaction efficiency of the fluidized bed reactor when being added into the fluidized bed reactor.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art may modify the technical solutions utilized in the embodiments, and replace some of the technical features thereof equally, without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. The device for self-descending fly ash in the garbage incinerator is characterized in that the device for self-descending fly ash in the garbage incinerator is called a fly ash self-sedimentation device (1), the fly ash self-sedimentation device (1) is connected to a secondary combustion chamber at the top of the inside of the garbage incinerator and comprises a flue gas inlet (4), a flue gas outlet (5) and self-descending units arranged between the flue gas inlet (4) and the flue gas outlet (5), the number of the self-descending units is more than one, the self-descending units are connected in series and/or in parallel, each self-descending unit comprises a cyclone separator (6), a Tesla valve runner (7) and a fly ash sedimentation port (8);
the flue gas inlet (4) is the inlet of a cyclone separator (6) of the first self-descending unit and is connected with the outlet of a secondary combustion chamber at the top of the incinerator, the flue gas outlet (5) is the outlet of the last cyclone separator (6), the ash outlet at the bottom end of the cyclone separator (6) is connected with the top end of a Tesla valve runner (7), and the bottom end of the Tesla valve runner (7) is a fly ash sedimentation opening (8).
2. A device for self-lowering fly ash in a waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the tesla valve flow channels (7) consist of alternating spatial branching structures, each main channel being divided into two branch channels, one of which is a straight channel, slightly inclined with respect to the main channel, the other branch channel being a semi-circular channel, passing through a curve back onto the inclined straight channel, merging again with the straight channel into the main channel.
3. The device for self-lowering fly ash in a garbage incinerator according to claim 2, wherein the branching structure of the tesla valve runner (7) can increase or decrease the number of branches, the width of the channel, the curvature of the curve and the like as required.
4. The device for self-lowering fly ash in a garbage incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the tesla valve flow passage has unidirectionality, has small flow resistance in one direction, is easy to flow, has large resistance in the opposite direction, has very difficult flow, and is equivalent to a check valve, so that solid particles such as fly ash obtained by separation are settled into the incinerator by gravity along the direction with small resistance, and flue gas and fly ash in the incinerator are prevented from reversely rushing from the tesla valve flow passage to the cyclone separator, and the blockage and damage of the device are prevented.
5. A method for self-lowering fly ash in a garbage incinerator, which is characterized by adopting the device for self-lowering fly ash in the garbage incinerator according to any one of claims 1-4, and comprises the following specific steps: the flue gas passes through a flue gas inlet (4) of a secondary combustion chamber steering fly ash self-settling device (1) at the top of the incinerator, the flue gas removes the fly ash and other solid particles carried in the flue gas through a cyclone separator (6), the fly ash and the solid particles return to the incinerator through a Tesla valve runner (7) at the lower part of the cyclone separator (6), the fly ash and the unburnt solid particles separated by the cyclone separator (6) are repeatedly combusted, part of the fly ash is transferred into bottom ash, and the ash-removed flue gas leaves the incinerator through a flue gas outlet (5).
6. The use of a self-lowering fly ash device in a refuse incinerator according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the fly ash self-settling device (1) is connected to a secondary combustion chamber at the top of the incinerator, the refuse feeder (3) continuously conveys refuse into the incinerator for combustion and decomposition, after refuse incineration, the generated flue gas is diverted to the fly ash self-settling device (1) through the secondary combustion chamber at the top of the incinerator, bottom ash can be settled on a bottom fire grate, and the bottom ash is conveyed to an ash slag reprocessing and recycling device outside the incinerator by a fire grate ash leakage conveyor (2).
CN202311250560.8A 2023-09-26 2023-09-26 Device, method and application of self-lowering fly ash in garbage incinerator Pending CN117308105A (en)

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CN202311250560.8A CN117308105A (en) 2023-09-26 2023-09-26 Device, method and application of self-lowering fly ash in garbage incinerator

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