CN105737140B - Cyclone combustion device, combustion equipment and combustion method - Google Patents
Cyclone combustion device, combustion equipment and combustion method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105737140B CN105737140B CN201610162618.7A CN201610162618A CN105737140B CN 105737140 B CN105737140 B CN 105737140B CN 201610162618 A CN201610162618 A CN 201610162618A CN 105737140 B CN105737140 B CN 105737140B
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 223
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 26
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
- F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cyclone combustion device, combustion equipment and a combustion method. The cyclone combustion device is characterized by comprising a cyclone cylinder, wherein the cyclone cylinder is vertically arranged and is provided with a cyclone combustion chamber arranged in the cyclone cylinder, and a primary air nozzle, a secondary air nozzle, a flue gas outlet and a slag catching port which are respectively communicated with the cyclone combustion chamber, wherein the primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle are both positioned at the upper part of the cyclone cylinder, and the flue gas outlet is positioned at the top of the cyclone cylinder. The invention can be better suitable for the fuel with slow burning rate and long burnout time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel combustion, in particular to a cyclone combustion device, combustion equipment and a combustion method.
Background
China is a country rich in coal, poor in oil and low in gas, and although the proportion of coal in primary energy is reduced in recent years, the energy production and consumption structure of China still mainly comprises coal for a long time in the future.
The proportion of the lignite in the coal resources of China is about 13 percent. Lignite is often used for pyrolysis to obtain pyrolysis gas, tar and semicoke. The lignite semicoke is a solid product remained after low-temperature pyrolysis of lignite. Due to the large pyrolysis scale of the lignite, the lignite semicoke can replace raw coal to be used as a fuel for power generation, heat supply and coal for various industrial boilers. Compared with the ash content of raw coal, the semicoke is improved, the moisture and the volatile matter are reduced, the heat value and the fixed carbon content are both improved, but the pollutants of phosphorus, chlorine, alkali metal and the like are greatly reduced, and the combustion is relatively clean. Due to the characteristics of high ignition point, low combustion rate, long burnout time and the like of the semicoke, the research on the high-efficiency combustion of the semicoke has great significance for the high-efficiency clean utilization and the quality-divided conversion technology development of the lignite.
The cyclone furnace is a liquid slag-off furnace with closed hearth, the combustion of fuel is completed in the cyclone cylinder, compared with the common chamber combustion furnace, it has the advantages of small volume, high thermal load, high combustion efficiency, high burnout rate, etc. However, the conventional cyclone furnace generally conveys fuel from the upper part and discharges flue gas from the bottom, and the structure is not completely suitable for the combustion of fuel with slow combustion rate and long burnout time, including lignite semicoke, without increasing the axial length of the cyclone furnace. On the other hand, due to the high thermal load in the cyclone furnace, the NOx emission is high when the fuel is burned in the cyclone furnace.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cyclone combustion device, a combustion device and a combustion method, which aim to enable the cyclone combustion device to be better suitable for fuel with slow combustion rate and long burnout time even under the condition of not increasing the axial length of a cyclone cylinder.
The invention provides a cyclone combustion device, which comprises a cyclone cylinder, wherein the cyclone cylinder is vertically arranged and is provided with a cyclone combustion chamber arranged in the cyclone cylinder, and a primary air nozzle, a secondary air nozzle, a smoke outlet and a slag catching port which are respectively communicated with the cyclone combustion chamber, wherein the primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle are positioned at the upper part of the cyclone cylinder, and the smoke outlet is positioned at the top of the cyclone cylinder.
Further, the ratio of the axial length of the interior of the cyclone barrel to the inner diameter of the cyclone barrel is 1.0-5.0, preferably 1.0-1.5.
Further, the cyclone combustion device further comprises a flue gas discharge pipe, the flue gas discharge pipe is arranged at the flue gas outlet on the cyclone cylinder and is communicated with the cyclone combustion chamber through the flue gas outlet, and the ratio of the inner diameter of the flue gas discharge pipe to the inner diameter of the cyclone cylinder is 0.4-0.55.
Furthermore, the cyclone combustion device also comprises a smoke discharge pipe, the smoke discharge pipe is arranged at the smoke outlet on the cyclone cylinder and is communicated with the cyclone combustion chamber through the smoke outlet, and the bottom end of the smoke discharge pipe is positioned inside the cyclone combustion chamber and below the smoke outlet.
Further, the ratio of the distance from the bottom end of the flue gas discharge pipe to the flue gas outlet to the axial length inside the cyclone cylinder is 0.3-0.36.
Further, the primary air nozzle and/or the secondary air nozzle are/is located between the bottom end of the smoke discharge pipe and the smoke outlet in the height direction.
Furthermore, the cyclone combustion device also comprises a primary air pipe, the primary air pipe is arranged at the primary air nozzle on the cyclone cylinder and is communicated with the cyclone combustion chamber through the primary air nozzle, and the primary air pipe is arranged on the side wall of the cyclone cylinder approximately along the tangential direction of the cyclone cylinder; and/or the cyclone combustion device further comprises a secondary air pipe, the secondary air pipe is arranged at the position of the secondary air nozzle on the cyclone cylinder and is communicated with the cyclone combustion chamber through the secondary air nozzle, and the secondary air pipe is arranged on the side wall of the cyclone cylinder approximately along the tangential direction of the cyclone cylinder.
Furthermore, more than two primary air nozzles and more than two primary air pipes are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the more than two primary air pipes are uniformly and rotationally symmetrically arranged at intervals relative to the axis of the cyclone barrel; and/or more than two secondary air nozzles and more than two secondary air pipes are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the more than two secondary air pipes are uniformly and rotationally symmetrically arranged at intervals relative to the axis of the cyclone cylinder.
Further, the primary air pipes and the secondary air pipes are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the secondary air pipes are arranged at the downstream of the primary air pipes in the airflow flowing direction, and the included angle between each secondary air pipe and the corresponding primary air pipe is 50-70 degrees.
Further, the primary air pipe declines by a first angle from one side far away from the cyclone to one side close to the cyclone, and the first angle is 2-8 degrees, preferably 2-5 degrees; and/or the secondary air pipe declines from one side far away from the cyclone to one side close to the cyclone by a second angle which is 2-8 degrees, preferably 2-5 degrees.
Further, the primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle are both circular nozzles.
Further, the height of the central axis of the secondary air nozzle is equal to or lower than that of the central axis of the primary air nozzle, and the height between the secondary air nozzle and the primary air nozzle is less than 5% of the circumference of the cyclone cylinder.
The invention provides combustion equipment in a second aspect, which comprises a cyclone combustion device and a supplementary combustion device arranged at the downstream of the cyclone combustion device, wherein the cyclone combustion device is the cyclone combustion device in any one of the first aspect of the invention, the supplementary combustion device comprises a supplementary combustion chamber, the supplementary combustion chamber is provided with a flue gas inlet and a supplementary air nozzle, and the other end, opposite to the bottom end, of a flue gas discharge pipe of the cyclone combustion device is communicated with the flue gas inlet.
Further, the flue gas inlet is positioned at the bottom of the supplementary combustion chamber, and the supplementary air nozzle is positioned at the lower part of the supplementary combustion chamber.
A third aspect of the present invention provides a combustion method for combusting a fuel by using the combustion apparatus of the second aspect of the present invention, wherein a primary air containing fuel powder is introduced into the cyclone combustion chamber through the primary air nozzle, a secondary air is introduced into the cyclone combustion chamber through the secondary air nozzle, and an excess air coefficient in the cyclone combustion chamber is made to be less than 1; and the smoke generated by burning the fuel powder in the cyclone combustion chamber is introduced into the supplementary combustion chamber, supplementary air is introduced into the supplementary combustion chamber through the supplementary air nozzle, and combustible substances in the smoke are burnt out.
Furthermore, the excess air coefficient in the cyclone combustion chamber is 0.6-0.8.
Further, the air temperature of the secondary air is 100-250 ℃.
Further, the fuel is semicoke.
Based on the cyclone combustion device, the combustion equipment and the combustion method provided by the invention, the primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle of the cyclone combustion device are both positioned at the upper part of the cyclone cylinder, and the flue gas outlet is positioned at the top of the cyclone cylinder, so that in the process of combusting fuel, the fuel and the air can be firstly whirlwind combusted from top to bottom until the bottom of the cyclone combustion chamber, then turn back and rise from the bottom of the cyclone combustion chamber until the fuel is discharged from the flue gas discharge pipe, and an unfinished reaction process can be continued in the rising process.
Other features of the present invention and advantages thereof will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a cyclone combustion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the cyclone combustion apparatus of the embodiment shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a combustion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In fig. 1 to 3, each reference numeral represents:
1. a cyclone; 2. a primary air duct; 3. a secondary air duct; 4. a slag catching port; 5. a flue gas discharge pipe; 6. a supplementary combustion chamber; 7. a supplementary air nozzle; 8. a superheater; 9. a coal economizer; 10. an air preheater; 11. a coal mill; 12. a tail flue; 13. a dust remover; 14. a desulfurization unit; 15. and (4) a chimney.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
The invention provides a cyclone combustion device, which is better suitable for burning fuels with slow burning rate and long burnout time, such as semicoke and the like. The cyclone combustion device comprises a cyclone cylinder, wherein the cyclone cylinder is vertically arranged and is provided with a cyclone combustion chamber arranged in the cyclone cylinder, and a primary air nozzle, a secondary air nozzle, a flue gas outlet and a slag catching port which are respectively communicated with the cyclone combustion chamber, wherein the primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle are both positioned on the upper part of the cyclone cylinder 1, and the flue gas outlet is positioned at the top of the cyclone cylinder 1.
Because the primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle of the cyclone combustion device are both positioned at the upper part of the cyclone cylinder, and the flue gas outlet is positioned at the top of the cyclone cylinder, in the process of burning fuel, the fuel and the air can be firstly whirlwind-burned from top to bottom until the bottom of the cyclone combustion chamber, then turn back and rise from the bottom of the cyclone combustion chamber until the flue gas is discharged from the flue gas discharge pipe, and an unfinished reaction process can be continued in the rising process.
The cyclone combustion apparatus, the combustion apparatus and the combustion method according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 3.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a cyclone combustion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the cyclone combustion apparatus of the embodiment shown in fig. 1. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the cyclone combustion apparatus includes a cyclone 1, a primary air duct 2, a secondary air duct 3, and a flue gas discharge pipe 5.
The cyclone 1 is arranged vertically. The cyclone cylinder 1 is provided with a cyclone combustion chamber, a primary air nozzle, a secondary air nozzle, a flue gas outlet and a slag catching port 4. The cyclone combustion chamber is located inside the cyclone 1. The primary air nozzle, the secondary air nozzle and the smoke outlet are respectively communicated with the cyclone combustion chamber. Wherein, the primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle are both positioned at the upper part of the cyclone cylinder 1, and the flue gas outlet is positioned at the top of the cyclone cylinder 1. The cyclone cylinder 1 is a cylindrical cylinder with a necking bottom, and the bottom necking of the cyclone cylinder 1 forms a slag catching port 4.
The primary air pipe 2 is arranged at a primary air nozzle on the cyclone cylinder 1 and is communicated with the cyclone combustion chamber through the primary air nozzle.
The secondary air pipe 3 is arranged at a secondary air nozzle on the cyclone cylinder 1 and is communicated with the cyclone combustion chamber through the secondary air nozzle.
The flue gas discharge pipe 5 is arranged at the flue gas outlet of the cyclone cylinder 1 and is communicated with the cyclone combustion chamber through the flue gas outlet. The flue gas discharge pipe 5 is a circular pipe.
The ratio of the axial length of the interior of the cyclone 1 to the internal diameter of the cyclone 1 is preferably 1.0 to 5.0. This setting makes when adopting the fuel that burning rate such as this whirlwind burner burning semicoke is slow, burn out time is long, both can guarantee that the fuel has longer stroke along the whirlwind stove inner wall, makes it have sufficient reverse time, can fully take place the reaction with the oxygen in the whirlwind combustion chamber to the burning is comparatively complete, makes the flue gas flow in-process momentum loss not big again, remains sufficient rotation ability throughout, and the cross-section heat load intensity in the whirlwind section of thick bamboo 1 is fit for.
In the embodiment, the ratio of the axial length inside the cyclone cylinder 1 of the cyclone combustion device to the inner diameter of the cyclone cylinder 1 is preferably 1.0-1.5. For example, the ratio of the axial length of the interior of the cyclone 1 to the internal diameter of the cyclone 1 may be made equal to 1.3. The ratio of the axial length inside the cyclone cylinder 1 of the cyclone combustion device to the inner diameter of the cyclone cylinder 1 is 1.0-1.5, so that when semicoke and other fuels with slow combustion rate and long burnout time are combusted by adopting the cyclone combustion device, the momentum loss in the flue gas flowing process can be reduced as much as possible under the condition that the fuels are completely combusted, the airflow in the cyclone combustion chamber is kept to have sufficient rotation capacity, and the section heat load intensity inside the cyclone cylinder 1 is suitable.
The ratio of the inner diameter of the flue gas discharge pipe 5 to the inner diameter of the cyclone 1 is preferably 0.4-0.55. The ratio of the inner diameter of the flue gas discharge pipe 5 to the inner diameter of the cyclone cylinder 1 is set in the range, so that better gas flowing condition exists in the cyclone combustion chamber, the airflow rotating upwards in the cyclone combustion chamber can be smoothly discharged through the flue gas discharge pipe 5 at a proper flue gas flow speed, the backflow area in the flue gas discharge pipe 5 is effectively controlled, and the energy loss is reduced.
In addition, as shown in fig. 1, the bottom end of the flue gas discharge pipe 5 in the present embodiment is located inside the cyclone combustion chamber and below the flue gas outlet. The arrangement can better organize the material flow in the cyclone combustion chamber, so that the fuel and the oxygen-containing gas which enter the cyclone combustion chamber from the primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle can generate tangential flow basically after entering the cyclone combustion chamber, the cyclone combustion is favorably formed, and the possibility that the fuel flows to a flue gas outlet in a short circuit mode under the condition that the fuel does not fully react with the oxygen is favorably reduced.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, it is preferable that the primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle are located between the smoke outlet and the bottom end of the smoke discharge pipe 5 in the height direction. The arrangement can better organize the material flow in the cyclone combustion chamber, so that the fuel and the oxygen-containing gas which enter the cyclone combustion chamber from the primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle are limited in an annular space after entering the cyclone combustion chamber, the tangential flow can be well generated, the cyclone combustion is favorably formed, and the fuel is effectively prevented from short-circuiting and flowing to a flue gas outlet under the condition of not fully reacting with oxygen.
In the present embodiment, preferably, the distance from the bottom end of the flue gas discharge pipe 5 to the flue gas outlet, i.e. the length of the flue gas discharge pipe 5 extending into the cyclone combustion chamber, and the ratio of the axial length inside the cyclone 1 are greater than or equal to 0.3 and less than or equal to 0.36. The arrangement ensures that high-temperature airflow in the cyclone cylinder 1 is fully mixed on the basis of ensuring that stronger cyclone flow is generated at the top wall-attached position of the cyclone combustion chamber, thereby better combusting.
Meanwhile, the ratio of the inner diameter of the flue gas discharge pipe 5 to the inner diameter of the cyclone cylinder 1 and the ratio of the length of the flue gas discharge pipe 5 extending into the cyclone combustion chamber to the axial length of the cyclone cylinder 1 are limited, so that the uniform distribution of flow fields in the cyclone cylinder 1 can be ensured, the backflow of short-circuit airflow and relatively cold flue gas outside the flue gas discharge pipe 5 can be reduced, and the mixing of high-temperature flue gas can be ensured, so that fuels with slow combustion rate, such as lignite semicoke, are always at a high temperature level, and the full reaction and the full conversion of the fuels and oxygen are facilitated. High temperature CO, H formed by conversion2After the substances are introduced into a supplementary combustion chamber 6 (described later), appropriate amount of secondary air is supplied again (supplementary air), whereby CO and H can be realized2Efficient transformation of (2) finallyThe high-efficiency combustion of fuels with slow combustion rate such as lignite semicoke and the like is achieved.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the primary air duct 2 is disposed on the sidewall of the cyclone 1 substantially along the tangential direction of the cyclone 1. The secondary air duct 3 is arranged on the sidewall of the cyclone 1 substantially in the tangential direction of the cyclone 1. The setting is favorable for forming cyclone combustion, thereby ensuring the stroke of the fuel and being favorable for the full reaction of the fuel and oxygen.
In this embodiment, the primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle are both circular nozzles. The primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle are arranged into circular nozzles, so that the diffusion of airflow can be reduced, the flowing rigidity of the airflow is increased, and the airflow can more regularly rotate along the inner wall of the cyclone cylinder 1 to flow downwards.
In the present invention, the number of the primary air ducts and the secondary air ducts may be one or more than two, for example, the number of the primary air ducts and the secondary air ducts may be three. The number of the primary air pipes and the number of the secondary air pipes can be the same or different.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, two primary air nozzles are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with more than two primary air pipes 2, and the two primary air pipes 2 are rotationally symmetrically arranged at regular intervals with respect to the axis of the cyclone 1. The two secondary air nozzles and more than two secondary air pipes 3 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the two secondary air pipes 3 are uniformly and symmetrically arranged at intervals relative to the axis of the cyclone cylinder 1. The setting is favorable for forming cyclone combustion, thereby ensuring the stroke of the fuel and being favorable for the full reaction of the fuel and oxygen.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, two primary air ducts 2 and two secondary air ducts 3 are disposed in a one-to-one correspondence manner, each secondary air duct 3 is disposed at the downstream of the corresponding primary air duct 2, and an included angle between each secondary air duct 3 and the corresponding primary air duct 2 is 50 ° to 70 °, for example, about 60 °. The included angle between the primary air pipe 2 and the secondary air pipe 3 is 50-70 degrees, so that the secondary air pipe 3 can timely supplement oxygen required by further combustion of fuel sprayed by the primary air pipe 2.
In this embodiment, the height of the central axis of the secondary air nozzle is equal to or lower than the height of the central axis of the primary air nozzle, and the height between the secondary air nozzle and the primary air nozzle is less than 5% of the circumference of the cyclone cylinder 1. The arrangement can ensure that the fuel can be fully contacted with the oxygen in the cyclone combustion chamber at the beginning of entering the cyclone combustion chamber, and is more beneficial to the timely and full reaction of the fuel and the oxygen.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the primary air duct 2 is declined from a side far from the cyclone 1 to a side close to the cyclone 1 by a first angle, and the first angle is greater than or equal to 2 ° and less than or equal to 8 °. The secondary air pipe 3 is declined from one side far away from the cyclone 1 to one side close to the cyclone 1 by a second angle which is more than or equal to 2 degrees and less than or equal to 8 degrees. The primary air pipe 2 and the secondary air pipe 3 are declined within a certain angle range, so that on one hand, the cyclone burner is favorable for guiding fuel and oxygen-containing gas to descend along the wall-attached cyclone of the cyclone 1 to form ideal gas flow, on the other hand, the travel and the retention time of the fuel in the cyclone combustion chamber can be ensured, and the full reaction between the fuel and oxygen is favorably realized.
It is further preferred in this embodiment that the first angle is greater than or equal to 2 ° and less than or equal to 5 °. The second angle is greater than or equal to 2 ° and less than or equal to 5 °. The setting is more favorable to guaranteeing the stroke and the residence time of the fuel in the cyclone combustion chamber on the basis of forming ideal gas flow in the cyclone combustion chamber, and is favorable for the fuel to fully react with oxygen.
The cyclone 1 comprises a side wall and a top cover arranged on the top of the side wall. The side wall comprises a water-cooled wall and a refractory material laid outside the water-cooled wall. The top cover is made of a refractory material. The flue gas outlet is arranged on the top cover. The water walls may absorb heat during the combustion of the fuel to heat the feedwater. The refractory material is laid outside the water-cooled wall, so that the abrasion of particles to the water-cooled wall can be prevented.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, more specifically, the sidewall of the cyclone 1 is divided into an upper portion and a lower portion, the upper portion is cylindrical, the lower portion is truncated cone, and the size of the truncated cone is larger than that of the cylindrical portion, and the upper portion and the lower portion are connected with the cylindrical portion in a seamless manner. The cylindrical part and the cone frustum-shaped part are both formed by water-cooled walls, and a layer of refractory material is paved outside the water-cooled walls. The top cover is made of refractory materials, the center of the top cover is connected with the circular flue gas discharge pipe 5 in a seamless mode, the bottom end of the flue gas discharge pipe 5 extends into the cyclone combustion chamber of the cyclone cylinder 1, and the other end of the flue gas discharge pipe extends out of the cyclone cylinder 1. The flue gas discharge pipe 5 can be composed of a water-cooled wall to absorb the heat of the flue gas in the flue gas discharge pipe 5, and can also be composed of a refractory material.
As shown in FIG. 1, the diameter of the bottom of the cyclone 1 is gradually reduced to form a slag trap 4 (the bottom end of the truncated cone portion). The slag catching port 4 and the flue gas outlet are both arranged by taking the axis of the cyclone cylinder 1 as the center. Liquid slag generated in the combustion process of fuel in the cyclone combustion chamber flows down along the wall of the cyclone 1, reaches the slag catching port 4 and then flows out of the slag catching port 4. Catch 4 lower parts of cinder notch and a vertical pipeline and link to each other, vertical pipeline lower part lets in a basin for the liquid lime-ash that produces in the cooling combustion process carries out the water seal simultaneously, prevents that the air from catching 4 entering whirlwind combustion chambers of cinder notches in, influences the combustion effect.
As shown in fig. 3, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a combustion apparatus. The combustion apparatus comprises the cyclone combustion device of the invention and a supplementary combustion device arranged downstream of the cyclone combustion device. The supplementary combustion device comprises a supplementary combustion chamber 6, the supplementary combustion chamber 6 is provided with a flue gas inlet and a supplementary air nozzle 7, and the other end of the flue gas discharge pipe 5 of the cyclone combustion device, which is opposite to the bottom end of the flue gas discharge pipe, is communicated with the flue gas inlet. In this embodiment, the supplementary combustion chamber 6 is formed by a water-cooled wall, so as to facilitate the absorption of heat in the supplementary combustion chamber.
The supplementary combustion device is arranged, and the supplementary air nozzle 7 is arranged in the supplementary combustion device, so that the excess air coefficient in the cyclone combustion chamber can be controlled to be less than 1, the cyclone combustion chamber is in a reducing atmosphere, NOx generated in the combustion reaction process of the cyclone combustion chamber is reduced, and the NOx emission is low. When the supplementary combustion is carried out in the supplementary combustion chamber, the temperature is relatively low, so that the generation of NOx is not facilitated, and the NOx emission amount of the whole combustion equipment can be reduced.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the flue gas inlet of the supplementary combustion device is located at the bottom of the supplementary combustion chamber 6, and the supplementary air nozzle 7 of the supplementary combustion device is located at the lower part of the supplementary combustion chamber 6. The arrangement can make full use of the space of the supplementary combustion chamber, so that the combustible substances in the supplementary combustion chamber are fully burnt out.
As shown in fig. 3, the supplementary combustion apparatus of the present invention further includes a coal mill 11, a superheater 8, an economizer 9, an air preheater 10, a dust collector 13, a desulfurization device 14, and a stack 15.
The coal mill 11 is arranged at the upstream of the cyclone combustion device, and the outlet of the coal mill is connected with the primary air pipe 2. For processing fuel into powder. In the embodiment, the fuel is lignite semicoke.
The superheater 8 is arranged in a horizontal flue of the supplementary combustion device, and the superheater 8 is used for absorbing heat in the horizontal flue so as to convert water in the horizontal flue into steam. An economizer 9 is arranged in a tail flue 12 of the supplementary combustion device downstream of the superheater 8, and the economizer 9 is used for absorbing heat in the tail flue to heat feed water therein. An air preheater 10 is located downstream of the economizer 9 and is disposed in the back pass for heating the oxygen-containing gas prior to entering the cyclone and supplementary firing chambers. In this embodiment, the oxygen-containing gas is air.
The invention also provides a combustion method for combusting fuel by utilizing the combustion equipment. The combustion method comprises the following steps: introducing primary air containing fuel powder into the cyclone combustion chamber through the primary air nozzle, and introducing secondary air into the cyclone combustion chamber through the secondary air nozzle, so that the excess air coefficient in the cyclone combustion chamber is smaller than 1; the flue gas generated by burning the fuel powder in the cyclone combustion chamber is introduced into the supplementary combustion chamber 6, and supplementary air is introduced into the supplementary combustion chamber 6 through a supplementary air nozzle 7, so that combustible substances in the flue gas are burnt out.
The fuel of the present embodiment is specifically lignite semicoke.
In the embodiment, the excess air coefficient in the cyclone combustion chamber is preferably 0.6-0.8. The setting range of the excess air coefficient can ensure that the cyclone combustion chamber has stronger reducing atmosphere and can better control the NOx discharge amount.
In addition, in the embodiment, the air temperature of the secondary air introduced into the cyclone combustion chamber from the secondary air nozzle is preferably 100 ℃ to 250 ℃. The air temperature is lower than that of secondary air in the prior art. This is because, after low-temperature pyrolysis of coals such as lignite, the water content is generally not high, and the obtained lignite semicoke is substantially granular, the grinding process in the coal mill 11 is easy, and the water content is low, and a special drying process is not required, so that a low secondary air temperature can be adopted. Under the condition of the same excess air coefficient, the relatively low air temperature of the secondary air can reduce the flue gas flow speed in the cyclone combustion chamber, increase the retention time of semicoke particles in the cyclone cylinder 1, and further ensure that semicoke and oxygen fully react.
The semicoke combustion method of the embodiment comprises the following specific steps:
the lignite semicoke is ground by a coal mill 11 to prepare lignite semicoke powder. Wherein, in order to ensure the high burnout property of the lignite semicoke in the cyclone 1, the particle diameter of the lignite semicoke powder ground by the coal grinding machine 11 is preferably less than 200 μm.
The lignite semi-coke powder is fed into the cyclone combustion chamber through the primary air nozzle. Due to the higher furnace temperature and heat load in the cyclone combustion chamber, the volatilization of the lignite semicoke entering the cyclone combustion chamber is analyzed and combusted; the remaining coke particles flow down the wall of the cyclone vessel 1 in a swirling motion.
And secondary air is introduced into the cyclone combustion chamber through a secondary air nozzle according to the air quantity which enables the excess air coefficient in the cyclone combustion chamber to be 0.6-0.8, the secondary air supplements the oxygen quantity required by coke reaction in time, and due to high heat load in the cyclone combustion chamber and longer retention time of lignite semicoke particles, the lignite semicoke has higher burnout rate. And because the excess air coefficient is less than 1, the cyclone combustion chamber is in a reducing atmosphere, NOx generated in the combustion reaction process is reduced, and the NOx emission is low.
Lignite semicoke is combusted in the cyclone combustion chamber in a rotating mode, generated smoke is discharged out of the cyclone combustion chamber from the smoke discharge pipe 5, and liquid ash is collected at the bottom of the cyclone combustion chamber and discharged from the slag catching port 4. The main component of the flue gas discharged from the flue gas discharge pipe 5 includes CO2、N2、H2Non-combustible component such as O and H2And CO, etc.
The flue gas discharged from the flue gas discharge pipe 5 enters the supplementary combustion chamber to be mixed with the supplementary air sprayed from the supplementary air nozzle 7, and thenContinuing to burn, and removing CO and H which are not completely reacted2Conversion to CO2And H2O。
The reacted flue gas continuously passes through the superheater 8, the economizer 9, the air preheater 10 and other heating surfaces to release heat, then passes through the dust remover 13 to remove dust, and is discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney 15 after being desulfurized by the desulfurizer 15.
The cyclone combustion device of the above embodiment of the invention can realize the high burnout rate combustion of the fuel with high ignition point, slow combustion rate and long burnout time, such as lignite semicoke and the like, by utilizing the characteristic of high thermal load in the cyclone cylinder and by prolonging the fuel stroke and the residence time in the cyclone combustion chamber. The combustion equipment and the combustion method can ensure that the excess air coefficient in the cyclone combustion chamber is less than 1, the inside of the cyclone combustion chamber is in reducing atmosphere, low NOx combustion of fuels with slow combustion rate such as lignite semicoke and the like in the cyclone combustion chamber is realized, and finally high-efficiency clean combustion of fuels with slow combustion rate such as lignite semicoke and the like is realized, so that the NOx emission is controlled while high-efficiency burnout is realized.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (19)
1. A cyclonic combustion apparatus, comprising:
the cyclone comprises a cyclone cylinder (1), wherein the cyclone cylinder (1) is vertically arranged and is provided with a cyclone combustion chamber arranged in the cyclone cylinder (1) and a primary air nozzle, a secondary air nozzle, a smoke outlet and a slag catching port (4) which are respectively communicated with the cyclone combustion chamber, the primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle are both positioned at the upper part of the cyclone cylinder (1), the height of the central axis of the secondary air nozzle is lower than that of the central axis of the primary air nozzle, and the smoke outlet is positioned at the top of the cyclone cylinder (1);
the primary air pipe (2) is arranged at the primary air nozzle on the cyclone (1) and is communicated with the cyclone combustion chamber through the primary air nozzle, the primary air pipe (2) is arranged on the side wall of the cyclone (1) along the tangential direction of the cyclone (1), and the primary air pipe (2) is declined at a first angle from one side far away from the cyclone (1) to one side close to the cyclone (1); and
the secondary air pipe (2) is arranged at the secondary air nozzle on the cyclone (1) and is communicated with the cyclone combustion chamber through the secondary air nozzle, the secondary air pipe (3) is arranged on the side wall of the cyclone (1) along the tangential direction of the cyclone (1), and the secondary air pipe (3) is declined at a second angle from one side far away from the cyclone (1) to one side close to the cyclone (1);
the primary air pipes (2) and the secondary air pipes (3) are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the secondary air pipes (3) are arranged at the downstream of the corresponding primary air pipes (2) in the air flow direction.
2. The cyclone combustion device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of the axial length of the interior of the cyclone (1) to the inner diameter of the cyclone (1) is 1.0-5.0.
3. The cyclone combustion device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the ratio of the axial length of the interior of the cyclone (1) to the inner diameter of the cyclone (1) is 1.0-1.5.
4. The cyclone combustion device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a flue gas discharge pipe (5), wherein the flue gas discharge pipe (5) is arranged at the flue gas outlet of the cyclone (1) and communicated with the cyclone combustion chamber through the flue gas outlet, and the ratio of the inner diameter of the flue gas discharge pipe (5) to the inner diameter of the cyclone (1) is 0.4-0.55.
5. The cyclone combustion device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a flue gas discharge pipe (5), wherein the flue gas discharge pipe (5) is arranged at the flue gas outlet of the cyclone cylinder (1) and communicated with the cyclone combustion chamber through the flue gas outlet, and the bottom end of the flue gas discharge pipe (5) is positioned inside the cyclone combustion chamber and below the flue gas outlet.
6. The cyclone combustion device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the ratio of the distance from the bottom end of the flue gas discharge pipe (5) to the flue gas outlet to the axial length inside the cyclone cylinder (1) is 0.3-0.36.
7. Cyclone burner arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that the primary air jets and/or the secondary air jets are located in height direction between the bottom end of the flue gas outlet duct (5) and the flue gas outlet.
8. The cyclone combustion device as claimed in claim 1, wherein more than two primary air nozzles are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with more than two primary air pipes (2), and the more than two primary air pipes (2) are rotationally symmetrically arranged at regular intervals relative to the axis of the cyclone (1); and/or more than two secondary air nozzles and more than two secondary air pipes (3) are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the more than two secondary air pipes (3) are uniformly and rotationally symmetrically arranged at intervals relative to the axis of the cyclone (1).
9. Cyclone burner apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle between the secondary air ducts (3) and the corresponding primary air ducts (2) is 50-70 °.
10. Cyclone burner apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the first angle is 2-8 °; the second angle is 2-8 degrees.
11. The cyclonic combustion apparatus of claim 10 wherein the first angle is between 2 ° and 5 °; the second angle is 2-5 degrees.
12. The cyclone burner apparatus of claim 1, wherein the primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle are circular nozzles.
13. Cyclone burner apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the height between the secondary air jets and the primary air jets is less than 5% of the circumference of the cyclone (1).
14. A combustion apparatus comprising a cyclone combustion device and a supplementary combustion device arranged downstream of the cyclone combustion device, characterized in that the cyclone combustion device is the cyclone combustion device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, the supplementary combustion device comprises a supplementary combustion chamber (6), the supplementary combustion chamber (6) is provided with a flue gas inlet and a supplementary air nozzle (7), and the other end of the flue gas discharge pipe (5) of the cyclone combustion device opposite to the bottom end is communicated with the flue gas inlet.
15. A combustion device according to claim 14, characterized in that the flue gas inlet is located at the bottom of the supplementary combustion chamber (6) and the supplementary air nozzle (7) is located at the lower part of the supplementary combustion chamber (6).
16. A combustion method for combusting a fuel by using the combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 14 or 15, wherein a primary air containing fuel powder is introduced into said cyclone combustion chamber through said primary air nozzle, a secondary air is introduced into said cyclone combustion chamber through said secondary air nozzle, and an excess air ratio in said cyclone combustion chamber is made smaller than 1; and the smoke generated by burning the fuel powder in the cyclone combustion chamber is introduced into the supplementary combustion chamber (6), supplementary air is introduced into the supplementary combustion chamber (6) through the supplementary air nozzle (7), and combustible substances in the smoke are burnt out.
17. The combustion method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the excess air ratio in the cyclone combustion chamber is 0.6 to 0.8.
18. The combustion method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the secondary air has an air temperature of 100 ℃ to 250 ℃.
19. A combustion method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the fuel is semicoke.
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| CN201610162618.7A CN105737140B (en) | 2016-03-22 | 2016-03-22 | Cyclone combustion device, combustion equipment and combustion method |
| PCT/CN2016/080447 WO2017161633A1 (en) | 2016-03-22 | 2016-04-28 | Cyclone combustion apparatus, combustion device, and combustion method |
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| CN201610162618.7A CN105737140B (en) | 2016-03-22 | 2016-03-22 | Cyclone combustion device, combustion equipment and combustion method |
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| CN108686839B (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2023-10-31 | 贵州富燃环保科技有限公司 | High-efficient cyclone that purifies |
| CN108709182A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-10-26 | 加拿大艾浦莱斯有限公司 | Whirlwind depositing dust formula combustion chamber |
| CN108870382A (en) * | 2018-09-24 | 2018-11-23 | 无锡博众热能环保设备有限公司 | A kind of cyclone-combustion stove |
| CN110553249B (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2021-12-24 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Rotary preheating device and method for solid fuel |
| CN111256111A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-06-09 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Efficient wall-attached air system and method for preventing water-cooled wall from high-temperature corrosion of front-wall and rear-wall opposed combustion boiler |
| CN112212320A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-01-12 | 洛阳万基发电有限公司 | Automatic coal combustion device for thermal power plant |
| CN113251429A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-08-13 | 新疆天利高新石化股份有限公司 | Utilize nitrous gas processing system of stratified combustion |
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