CN117307229A - Ventilation method for single-hole auxiliary tunnel auxiliary double-hole tunnel construction - Google Patents
Ventilation method for single-hole auxiliary tunnel auxiliary double-hole tunnel construction Download PDFInfo
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- CN117307229A CN117307229A CN202311495329.5A CN202311495329A CN117307229A CN 117307229 A CN117307229 A CN 117307229A CN 202311495329 A CN202311495329 A CN 202311495329A CN 117307229 A CN117307229 A CN 117307229A
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- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/006—Ventilation at the working face of galleries or tunnels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/08—Ventilation arrangements in connection with air ducts, e.g. arrangements for mounting ventilators
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/103—Dams, e.g. for ventilation
- E21F17/12—Dam doors
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Abstract
The invention provides a ventilation method for single-hole auxiliary tunnel auxiliary double-hole tunnel construction, which comprises the following steps of: the first stage is an auxiliary tunnel construction stage, and a pressed ventilation method is adopted; and a second stage: when the auxiliary tunnel enters the positive tunnel, the left and right tunnels do not pass through the construction transverse channel II, and a ventilation scheme of pressing-in the auxiliary tunnel and F-shaped wind distribution of the positive tunnel is adopted; and a third stage: the auxiliary tunnel pressing-in type + tunnel type ventilation scheme is adopted, a tunnel air inlet tunnel is formed by using a left tunnel and an air passage isolation door of the tunnel, fresh air is sent to the tunnel face of the left tunnel and the right tunnel of the tunnel, and an air exhaust tunnel is formed by using an air passage isolation door, a transverse passage, a right tunnel and the auxiliary tunnel, so that the tunnel type ventilation scheme of the tunnel is realized. The invention solves the long distance problem that the press-in ventilation for single auxiliary tunnel auxiliary positive tunnel construction cannot be solved, has high ventilation efficiency and good effect, shortens the ventilation distance, saves electricity and air pipes and is convenient to maintain.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ventilation in tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a ventilation method for auxiliary double-tunnel construction of a single-tunnel auxiliary tunnel.
Background
The drilling and blasting method is still widely used, and particularly for long tunnels, long tunnels are often used for shortening the construction period, and the long tunnels are used for assisting the construction of the positive tunnel by arranging auxiliary tunnels. For long tunnel construction, the ventilation distance is long, and the tunnel inner operation environment is deteriorated due to smoke dust after the hole blasting, harmful gas generated in the operation process of internal combustion machinery and the like, so that the tunnel inner operation environment is more and more a key factor for restricting the progress of long tunnel engineering, influencing the engineering period and endangering the health of operators in the hole.
The ventilation of tunnel construction is a key procedure for controlling the construction of a long and large tunnel by a drilling and blasting method, directly influences the safety, progress and quality of tunnel construction, and relates to the overall layout and economic effect of the construction of the long and large tunnel, thus being the key for success and failure of engineering construction. The tunnel construction ventilation mode is various, and mainly comprises air pipe press-in ventilation, mixed ventilation and roadway ventilation. However, for ventilation in single auxiliary tunnel auxiliary double positive tunnel construction, because only one auxiliary tunnel is arranged, tunnel ventilation conditions are difficult to form by utilizing the auxiliary tunnels, and because the construction environment and the construction working conditions of each stage in long tunnel construction are different, single air pipe press-in ventilation or tunnel ventilation can be limited, and insufficient and unreasonable places exist. Therefore, how to solve the ventilation problem in the single auxiliary tunnel auxiliary double-positive tunnel construction is always the key point and the difficult problem of the construction unit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a ventilation method for single-hole auxiliary tunnel auxiliary double-hole tunnel construction, which overcomes the technical problems in the prior art.
Therefore, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a ventilation method for single-hole auxiliary tunnel auxiliary double-hole tunnel construction is divided into three stages:
the first stage: adopting a pressed ventilation method in the construction stage of the auxiliary tunnel;
and a second stage: when the auxiliary tunnel enters the positive hole, the left hole and the right hole of the positive hole are picked and lifted to be transferred into the positive hole for construction, and the left hole and the right hole do not pass through a construction transverse channel II nearby the positive hole, a ventilation method combining the auxiliary tunnel pressing-in type with positive hole F-shaped wind splitting is adopted;
and a third stage: and when the depths of the left hole and the right hole of the positive hole enter the horizontal channel II are at least 1 positive hole, adopting an auxiliary tunnel pressing-in type and roadway type ventilation combination method, wherein the construction horizontal channel II is arranged between two adjacent horizontal holes.
The forced ventilation method is that a first fan is arranged at the auxiliary tunnel mouth and is connected with a ventilation pipe, fresh air is sent to the tunnel face through an air pipe, and dirty air is discharged through the auxiliary tunnel body.
The auxiliary tunnel is characterized in that a second fan is arranged outside the auxiliary tunnel mouth, and fresh air is sent to the intersection of the positive tunnel through an air pipe communicated with the second fan to construct a first transverse channel.
The positive hole F-shaped air distribution is that an air pipe is connected with air pipes of a left hole and a right hole through a T-shaped three-way pipe and an L-shaped bent pipe respectively, so that air supply to the face of the left hole and the face of the right hole is realized.
And the polluted air in the second stage is discharged out of the hole through the construction transverse channel I at the intersection of the positive hole section and the auxiliary pit hole body.
In the construction of the third stage, a first air channel isolation door is respectively arranged at the intersection of a first construction transverse channel and the left hole in the size mileage, a second air channel isolation door is arranged at a second construction transverse channel which is close to the tunnel face and is in use, construction transverse channel air channel isolation doors are arranged in other second construction transverse channels behind the tunnel face, two fans III are arranged outside an auxiliary tunnel mouth, and a fan IV is arranged behind the second air channel isolation door;
fresh air is respectively sent to the left hole and the right hole through two air pipes communicated with the fan III, and then is respectively sent to the large and small mileage tunnel face through an air pipe I and an air pipe II communicated with the fan IV, and dirty air is discharged out of the pit through a construction transverse channel II, the right hole and an auxiliary tunnel which are in use and are close to the tunnel face in the rear area of the tunnel face.
The air pipe is suspended at the top of the tunnel, the distance between the bottom of the air pipe and the auxiliary tunnel pavement is not less than 4.2m, and the distance between the fan and the auxiliary tunnel portal is not less than 30m.
The T-shaped three-way pipe and the L-shaped bent pipe are made of hard, semi-rigid or flexible air pipes, and the air pipe diameter of the auxiliary tunnel is larger than that of the air pipes in the left hole and the right hole of the main tunnel.
The distance between the air outlet of the air pipe and the excavation working surface is 10-40m.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the ventilation method for the single-hole auxiliary tunnel auxiliary double-hole tunnel construction provided by the invention adopts a method of combining the pressing-in type ventilation and the roadway type ventilation, and changes the ventilation mode according to different conditions of the construction stage, so that the ventilation efficiency of the whole engineering is high, the ventilation effect is good, the ventilation time is shortened, and the construction efficiency is improved. The problems that single auxiliary tunnel auxiliary positive hole construction adopts single push-in ventilation and cannot solve long-distance ventilation are solved, single tunnel ventilation is adopted, double-pipe air inlet and outlet tunnel conditions are not met, particularly for single auxiliary tunnel auxiliary positive hole multi-operation surfaces, single push-in ventilation is required to be provided with a plurality of fans and air pipes, the number of corresponding operation surfaces is limited, auxiliary tunnel sections are limited, the air pipe diameter is smaller, the air pipe distance is long, and ventilation energy consumption is high are solved.
The invention uses the air duct isolation door and the positive hole section, takes the left hole of the positive hole as an air inlet tunnel and the right hole as a polluted air tunnel, realizes the tunnel ventilation of the left hole and the right hole, shortens the length of the ventilation pipe along with the movement of the positive hole fan along with the face, assists the tunnel to send fresh air into the left hole through two air pipes, adopts the ventilation scheme of assisting the tunnel to press in and the tunnel ventilation of the left hole and the right hole of the positive hole, saves electricity and air pipes, is convenient to maintain, saves electricity and air pipes according to different conditions of each stage, and is convenient to maintain.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of ventilation for a first stage auxiliary tunnel construction;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second stage of forced ventilation;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a push-in + roadway second stage ventilation;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a press-in + roadway third stage ventilation;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a third stage of forced + roadway ventilation (diagonal construction of a cross-aisle);
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a first duct isolation door;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a second duct isolation door;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a construction cross-channel duct isolation door;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of type F wind splitting.
In the figure: 1. auxiliary tunnels; 2. a left hole; 3. a right hole; 4. constructing a first transverse channel; 5. constructing a transverse channel II; 6. a first duct isolation door; 7. a second duct isolation door; 8. constructing a transverse channel air duct isolation door; 9. a tunnel face; 10. a first fan; 11. an air duct; 12. t-shaped three-way pipe; 13. an L-shaped bent pipe; 14. a second fan; 15. a third fan; 16. a fan IV; 17. an air pipe I; 18. an air pipe II; 61. air pipe preformed hole I; 71. and a hole II is reserved in the positive hole air pipe.
Detailed Description
Further advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification, by describing the embodiments of the present invention with specific examples.
The exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the examples described herein, which are provided to fully and completely disclose the present invention and fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. The terminology used in the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In the drawings, like elements/components are referred to by like reference numerals.
Unless otherwise indicated, terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. In addition, it will be understood that terms defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a ventilation method for single-hole auxiliary tunnel auxiliary double-hole tunnel construction, which comprises three stages:
the first stage: adopting a pressed ventilation method in the construction stage of the auxiliary tunnel 1;
and a second stage: when the auxiliary tunnel 1 enters the positive hole, the tops of a left hole 2 and a right hole 3 of the positive hole are picked and transferred into the positive hole for construction, and the left hole 2 and the right hole 3 do not pass through a construction transverse channel II 5 near the positive hole, a ventilation method combining the pressing-in type auxiliary tunnel 1 with F-shaped wind splitting of the positive hole is adopted;
and a third stage: when the depths of the left hole 2 and the right hole 3 of the positive hole enter the hole and at least pass through 1 positive hole to construct a second transverse channel 5, an auxiliary tunnel 1 pressing-in type and tunnel type ventilation combination method is adopted, wherein the second transverse channel 5 is constructed between two adjacent transverse holes.
The ventilation method for the single-hole auxiliary tunnel auxiliary double-hole tunnel construction provided by the invention has the advantages that the ventilation mode is switched according to different conditions of the construction stage, and the method of combining the pressing-in ventilation and the roadway ventilation is adopted in the third stage, so that the ventilation efficiency of the whole project is high, the ventilation effect is good, the ventilation time is shortened, the construction efficiency is improved, and the technical problem of long-distance ventilation which cannot be solved by adopting single pressing-in ventilation in the single-hole auxiliary tunnel 1 auxiliary positive tunnel construction is solved.
Example 2
On the basis of embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a ventilation method for auxiliary double-hole tunnel construction of a single-hole auxiliary tunnel, as shown in fig. 1, in the press-in ventilation method, a first fan 10 is arranged at the opening of the auxiliary tunnel 1, the first fan 10 is communicated with an air pipe 11, fresh air is sent to the tunnel face 9 through the air pipe 11, and dirty air is discharged through the tunnel body of the auxiliary tunnel 1.
The first fan 10 is selected and needs to be comprehensively determined according to parameters such as the required air quantity of the tunnel face 9 of the auxiliary tunnel 1, the length of the air pipe 11 of the auxiliary tunnel 1, the diameter of the air pipe 11 and the like.
Example 3
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the embodiment provides a ventilation method for single-hole auxiliary tunnel auxiliary double-hole tunnel construction, as shown in fig. 2, the auxiliary tunnel 1 is pressed in by arranging a fan two 14 outside the opening of the auxiliary tunnel 1, and fresh air is sent to a cross channel one 4 at the intersection of the positive tunnel through an air pipe 11 communicated with the fan two 14.
Two fans II 14 arranged outside the opening of the auxiliary tunnel 1 send fresh air to the first 4 positions of the construction transverse channel at the intersection of the positive tunnel through two air pipes 11. The selection of the second fan 14 is comprehensively determined according to the air quantity required by the two main tunnel faces 9 bearing ventilation, the length of the auxiliary tunnel 1 and the main tunnel air pipe 11, the diameter of the air pipe 11 and other parameters, the ventilation local resistance at the tee joint and the bent pipe and other factors.
Example 4
On the basis of embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a ventilation method for single-hole auxiliary tunnel auxiliary double-hole tunnel construction, as shown in fig. 3 and 9, the positive hole F-shaped wind dividing wind is that a wind pipe 11 is connected with wind pipes 11 of a left hole 2 and a right hole 3 through a T-shaped three-way pipe 12 and an L-shaped bent pipe 13 respectively, so as to realize wind supply to the tunnel faces 9 of the left hole 2 and the right hole 3.
And the polluted air in the second stage is discharged out of the hole through the construction transverse channel I4 at the positive hole interval and the intersection and the auxiliary pit hole body.
Wherein, T-shaped three-way pipe 12 and L-shaped elbow pipe 13 are made of hard, semi-rigid or flexible air pipe 11, and the arrangement at the intersection is straight, wherein the connection with positive hole air pipe 11 can be provided with variable diameter mode to reduce the local ventilation resistance at the wind dividing position. The turning radius, turning angle, variable diameter section length and other parameters of the T-shaped tee 12 and the L-shaped elbow are determined by calculation, comparison and selection, the geometric dimension parameter which has the least influence on the local resistance of the whole ventilation network is the optimal selection geometric dimension parameter, and in order to better reduce the energy consumption of the whole ventilation system, the diameter of the main air pipe 11 in the auxiliary tunnel 1 is generally larger than that of the air pipe 11 of the positive tunnel.
Example 5
On the basis of embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a ventilation method for single-hole auxiliary tunnel auxiliary double-hole tunnel construction, as shown in fig. 4, in the third stage of construction, a first air duct isolation door 6 is respectively arranged at the crossing of the first construction transverse channel 4 and the second left hole 2 in the range, a second air duct isolation door 7 is arranged at the position of the second construction transverse channel 5 which is close to the tunnel face 9 and is in use, construction transverse channel air duct isolation doors 8 are arranged in the second construction transverse channel 5 behind the tunnel face 9, two fans three 15 are arranged outside the auxiliary tunnel 1, and a fan four 16 is arranged behind the second air duct isolation door 7;
fresh air is respectively sent to the left hole 2 and the right hole 3 through two air pipes 11 communicated with the third fan 15, then is respectively sent to the large and small mileage tunnel 9 through an air pipe I17 and an air pipe II 18 communicated with the fourth fan 16, and dirty air is discharged out of the pit through a construction transverse channel II 5, the right hole 3 and the auxiliary tunnel 1 which are in use and are close to the tunnel 9 in the rear area of the tunnel 9.
As shown in fig. 4, when the left hole 3 and the right hole 3 of the main hole are deeper, the depth of the hole is at least equal to the depth of the second 5 holes of the right hole 3 by 1 hole construction, in order to reduce the single ventilation length, an auxiliary tunnel 1 pressing-in type + tunnel type ventilation scheme is adopted, two fans three 15 outside the opening of the auxiliary tunnel 1 send fresh air to the range of the left hole 2 of the main hole respectively through two air pipes 11, the left hole 2 of the main hole and the first air channel isolation door 6 are utilized to form a main hole air inlet roadway, two main hole fans four 16 are arranged in the main hole, fresh air is sent to the right hole 3 of the main hole through an air pipe one 17 and an air pipe two 18 respectively (the tunnel 9 is shown in fig. 5), and the in-use construction tunnel two 5, the right hole 3 of the main hole and the auxiliary tunnel 1 close to the tunnel 9 form an exhaust roadway by utilizing the rear region of the left hole 2 of the main hole 9, so as to realize the tunnel type ventilation scheme of the main hole.
The first air duct isolation door 6 is used for preventing the dirty air of the construction transverse channel from channeling into the left hole 2 section, the second air duct isolation doors 7 are respectively arranged on the second in-use construction transverse channel 5 behind the big and small mileage tunnel face 9 of the left hole 2 of the main hole, other construction transverse channels between the construction transverse channel and the in-use construction transverse channel behind the tunnel face 9 at the intersection are all sealed by the construction transverse channel air duct isolation doors 8, and the construction transverse channel air duct isolation doors 8 are used for preventing the dirty air of the front tunnel face 9 from entering the rear main hole section as shown in fig. 8, so that 1 sealed air inlet tunnel is respectively formed in the big and small mileage of the left hole 2.
The air duct isolation doors can adopt the schemes of assembling precast slabs or hanging curtain cloth and the like, the first air duct isolation door 6 (shown in figure 6) is provided with an air duct reserved hole I61, and the second air duct isolation door 7 (shown in figure 7) is provided with two positive hole air duct reserved holes II 71.
Example 6
On the basis of embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a ventilation method for auxiliary double-hole tunnel construction of a single-hole auxiliary tunnel, the air pipe 11 is suspended at the top of the tunnel, the distance between the bottom of the air pipe 11 and the road surface of the auxiliary tunnel 1 is not less than 4.2m, and the distance between the first fan 10 and the opening of the auxiliary tunnel 1 is not less than 30m.
In order to ensure the traffic space of the vehicle and maximally utilize the tunnel space, the air pipe 11 adopts a scheme of being suspended at the top of the tunnel, the distance between the bottom of the air pipe 11 and the road surface of the auxiliary tunnel 1 is not less than 4.2m, and the distance between the opening fan and the opening is not less than 30m in order to reduce the influence of the polluted air on the opening fan. The distance between the air outlet of the air pipe 11 and the excavation working surface is 10-40m.
Example 7
In order to further explain the method of the invention, the embodiment takes the construction of the third transverse tunnel of the Yigong tunnel as an example, and adopts a ventilation method combining the pressing-in type ventilation and the roadway type ventilation in the method for ventilation.
The left line length of the easy Gong Suidao positive hole is 42.3km, wherein the open cut method is used for constructing 5m and the drilling and blasting method is used for constructing 38319m; the right line length of the easy Gong Suidao positive hole is 42.3km. The positive tunnel is designed according to the disconnect-type, and the section clearance size is 6.9m (width) x 7.42m (height), and supporting construction adopts spouting anchor lining, and the shaft adopts compound secondary lining structure, and full tunnel is according to reinforced concrete structural design.
The easy tribute tunnel is provided with a transverse hole 6 seat which is positioned at the left side of the line, and the clearance size of the transverse hole double-lane section is 7.5m (width) multiplied by 7.5m (height), so that the easy tribute tunnel is transported in a trackless way. The cross hole supporting structure adopts a spray anchor lining, the hole section, the cross section of the positive hole, the IV-level and V-level surrounding rock sections adopt a mould building lining, the 2# cross hole and the 5# cross hole are used as permanent rescue channels, the secondary lining structure is adopted, and the outline table of the work area of each cross hole is shown as 1.1.
TABLE 1.1 overview of the working area of each Cross hole of Yigong Tunnel
| Sequence number | Name of the name | Plane length (m) | Elevation of straight hole intersection rail surface (m) |
| 1 | 1# transverse hole | 710 | 2729.8635 |
| 2 | 2# horizontal hole | 1905 | 2712.6635 |
| 3 | 3# horizontal hole | 1210 | 2650.2635 |
| 4 | 4# cross hole | 1827 | 2552.5635 |
| 5 | 5# horizontal hole | 999 | 2478.4635 |
| 6 | 6# transverse hole | 1101 | 2416.975 |
The ventilation of the auxiliary double-positive tunnel construction of the transverse tunnel is illustrated by taking the transverse tunnel No. 3 of the Yigong tunnel as an example:
1. original ventilation scheme:
firstly, making clear requirements on environmental index control indexes in a tunnel construction ventilation tunnel according to railway tunnel design Specification (TB 10003-2016), wherein the specific index requirements comprise indexes such as harmful gas, dust, temperature, humidity and oxygen content in the tunnel construction environment, and the specific index requirements are shown in a table 1.2.
TABLE 1.2 in-tunnel construction Environment control index
And step two, according to the actual construction conditions in the tunnel of the easy tribute tunnel, the indexes including the number of constructors, the using amount of single-cycle blasting explosive, the excavation areas of the main tunnel and the transverse tunnel, the length of the ventilation area, the actual power of the construction engineering machine of the single tunnel face, the air quantity required by personnel and machines, the condition of an air pipe and the like are shown in the table 2.3, and the specific parameters are shown in the table.
TABLE 2.3 construction Ventilation calculation base parameter Table
And thirdly, developing construction ventilation scheme field arrangement, taking a 3 rd cross hole work area of a new-built Sichuan-Tibetan railway Athan-Linzhi section Yigong tunnel as an example, wherein the 3 rd cross hole length is 1210m, and constructing through four sides of a left line and a right line of the cross hole entering the main hole, wherein the longest construction distance of the cross hole entering the main hole in the large mileage direction is 4611m, and the maximum distance of the cross hole entering the main hole in the small mileage direction is 3866m. If the traditional air pipe single-head press-in type ventilation is adopted, construction ventilation is divided into two stages, a first stage is used for constructing a transverse hole, a fan is arranged at the opening of the transverse hole to carry out single-head press-in type ventilation on the transverse hole, the longest air supply distance is 1210m, two groups of fans are arranged at the opening of the transverse hole in the second stage, one group is responsible for simultaneously supplying air to two tunnel faces of a left line and a right line with small mileage end, the maximum air supply distance of a main hole segment is 4976m, the other group is responsible for simultaneously supplying air to two tunnel faces of the left line and the right line with large mileage end, and the maximum air supply distance of the main hole segment is 5821m.
Step 3.1, refer to fig. 1 and 2, for the actual ventilation condition of the third horizontal hole, a single-head press-in ventilation scheme is adopted to ventilate in two stages, the first stage is the construction ventilation of the horizontal hole section, a fan I10 is installed at a position 30m away from a hole opening of the horizontal hole, air supply is carried out to the face of the horizontal hole construction through an air pipe 11, two fans II 14 are installed at a position 30m away from the hole opening of the horizontal hole, air supply is carried out to the left and right line mileage of the horizontal hole respectively through the air pipe 11 by transferring the horizontal hole into the front hole, the left and right line 2 air supply of the front hole is connected through a T-shaped tee 12 when the air pipe of the horizontal hole enters the left and right line of the front hole, the L-shaped bent pipe 13 is connected with the right air pipe of the front hole, the polluted air is transferred into the outside of the horizontal hole through the left and right line, the single-head press-in air supply mode is adopted, the ventilation is calculated according to the railway tunnel construction technology and standardized management manual, and specific air volume and fan type selection are shown in tables 2.4 and 2.5:
TABLE 2.4 calculation of the air volume required for the excavated surface (single-head push-in type)
Table 2.5 Cross hole work area blower selection configuration results (Single head pressed in type)
2. New ventilation scheme:
step 3.2, refer to fig. 1, 3-8, the first stage of auxiliary tunnel construction stage adopts a forced ventilation method, a fan I10 is arranged at a position 30m outside an auxiliary tunnel mouth, fresh air is sent to a tunnel face through an air pipe 11, dirty air is discharged through an auxiliary tunnel body, the second stage adopts an auxiliary tunnel forced-in type + positive tunnel F-shaped wind-dividing ventilation scheme when the auxiliary tunnel enters the positive tunnel and the right and left tunnels are turned into a construction transverse passage near the positive tunnel after finishing the construction of the right and left tunnel, the auxiliary tunnel F-shaped wind-dividing ventilation scheme is adopted, fresh air is sent to a first transverse passage 4 at the position 30m outside the auxiliary tunnel mouth through two air pipes 11, the two air pipes 11 respectively pass through an F-shaped wind-dividing scheme, the left and right tunnel faces are realized, the dirty air is discharged outside the positive tunnel through the positive tunnel, the cross passage 4 and the auxiliary tunnel 1, in the third stage, after the left hole and the right hole of the main hole are respectively deeper, the depth of the entering hole is at least 1 hole is used for constructing a transverse channel II 5, in order to reduce the independent ventilation length, an auxiliary tunnel pressing-in type + roadway type ventilation scheme is adopted, two fans III 15 outside the opening of the auxiliary tunnel 1 are used for respectively conveying fresh air to the range section of the left hole 2 of the main hole through two air pipes 11, the left hole 2 of the main hole and a first air channel isolating door 6 are utilized for forming a main hole air inlet roadway, two main hole fans IV 16 are arranged in the main hole, fresh air is respectively conveyed to the right hole palm face of the main hole through air pipes, and a sewage air channel is formed by utilizing the construction transverse channel II 5, the right hole 3 of the main hole and the auxiliary tunnel 1 which are used after the palm face of the main hole, so that the roadway type ventilation scheme of the main hole is realized.
In the third stage, when the depth of the main tunnel entering the tunnel is deeper, in order to reduce the independent ventilation length of the air pipes, the left and right tunnels of the main tunnel adopt a tunnel ventilation scheme, two fans three 15 assisting the opening of the tunnel 1 respectively send fresh air into the large and small sections of the left tunnel 2 through two air pipes 11, the large and small sections of the left tunnel 2 of the main tunnel are respectively provided with a first air passage isolation door 6 at the position of a construction transverse passage one 4 at the intersection, so that the dirty air of the construction transverse passage is prevented from channeling into the left tunnel section, the in-use construction transverse passages behind the large and small mileage tunnel face of the main tunnel are respectively provided with a second air passage isolation door 7, other construction transverse passages between the construction transverse passages at the intersection and the in-use construction transverse passages behind the tunnel face are all sealed through the construction transverse passage air passage isolation doors 8, and the dirty air of the front tunnel face is prevented from entering the rear main tunnel section, thereby 1 closed air inlet tunnel is respectively formed at the large and small sections of the left tunnel, and 2 fans four 16 are respectively arranged behind the second air passage isolation doors 7, and the fresh air is sent to the large and small air tunnel face through the two air passages 11.
Referring to fig. 5, in a small-section double-line maintenance railway tunnel, since the section of the main tunnel and the section of the construction transverse channel are smaller, if the construction transverse channel is connected with the left and right lines of the main tunnel at right angles during tunnel ventilation, large mechanical equipment in some tunnels can not pass, so that the construction transverse channel two 5 which is being used after the tunnel face is obliquely connected with the left and right lines of the main tunnel, the construction transverse channel two 5 which is being used after the tunnel face meets the passing requirement of large mechanical equipment by adopting a mode of expanding the section, and for adopting an auxiliary tunnel push-in type+tunnel ventilation scheme, the ventilation required air quantity for tunnel construction is calculated respectively according to the blasting smoke discharge, the carbon dioxide emission quantity, the maximum number of simultaneous working in the tunnel and the use of internal combustion engine waste gas in the dilution tunnel, and the maximum value among them is selected according to the allowable air speed checking calculation, specifically as shown in table 2.6.
Table 2.6 air volume demand calculator (auxiliary tunnel push-in type + tunnel type)
The ventilation resistance mainly comprises tunnel ventilation resistance and air pipe ventilation resistance, wherein the tunnel ventilation resistance comprises tunnel friction resistance and tunnel local resistance, the air pipe ventilation resistance comprises air pipe friction resistance and air pipe local resistance, in the second stage of ventilation of the cross tunnel of the Yigong tunnel No. 3, an air pipe with the diameter of 2.4m is used in the cross tunnel, an air pipe with the diameter of 2m is used in the positive tunnel, and the calculation result of specific wind resistance is shown in table 2.7.
Table 2.7 wind resistance calculation table (auxiliary tunnel push type + tunnel type)
| Sequence number | Wind resistance classification | Numerical value |
| 1 | Wind resistance of wind pipe | 2262.5Pa |
| 2 | Tunnel friction resistance | 34.7Pa |
| 3 | Local resistance of tunnel | 8.5Pa |
| 4 | Total resistance of tunnel after correction | 67.3Pa |
| 5 | Total resistance | 2329.8Pa |
As shown in FIG. 4, the working air quantity of the main fan is 2150m after comprehensive calculation 3 And/min, wherein the working total pressure of the main fan is 2329.8Pa. In the invention, one fan is responsible for the air quantity of two working surfaces, so the total working air quantity is 4618m after air leakage correction 3 And (3) per min, wherein the total ventilation resistance is 2329.8Pa, and finally, the supply of 2 axial flow fans with the size of 2 x 90kW to a fresh air roadway of the left hole 2 lines of the positive hole is determined.
Table 2.8 Ventilation configuration Table (auxiliary gallery Press-in type + gallery type)
Through the comparison calculation of the two ventilation schemes of the step 3.1 and the step 3.2, the required air quantity of a single face is 2044m 3 The air supply distance of the local fan is considered to be 600m, an air cylinder with the diameter of 1.8m is selected for air supply, and the working air quantity of the local fan is 2171m through calculation 3 And the working wind pressure of the local fan is 782Pa, 4 fans with 45kW can be selected for the tunnel type ventilation local fan to supply wind to four working surfaces, the total installed power of the forced type ventilation and the tunnel type ventilation is 540kW through statistics, the total installed power of the direct single-head forced type ventilation is 1030kW, the 490kW is reduced, the energy consumption is saved to be close to half, and the cost of a large part of air pipes can be saved.
And fourthly, checking the environmental effect in the construction ventilation hole, namely detecting the construction environment in the hole by adopting a single-head press-in ventilation mode and an auxiliary tunnel press-in type + tunnel ventilation mode respectively, wherein the detection contents comprise the wind speed and wind pressure of a fan air outlet and the rotating speed of a blade, the wind speed and wind pressure of a ventilation pipeline, the wind speed and wind pressure of an air outlet of an air pipe 11, the return air speed of a main hole key position, the wind speed of an intersection of the main hole and a transverse hole, the detection of harmful gas and dust at the main hole key position and the detection of the temperature and the humidity of the construction environment, and the detection instrument and equipment are shown in a table 2.9.
Table 2.9 construction ventilation monitoring instrument and equipment
The wind speed at the tail end of the air pipe can reach 8m/s, the return air speed near the face can reach 0.3m/s, the wind speed at the intersection position of the transverse tunnel and the positive tunnel can reach 1.7m/s, the wind speed meets the construction requirement, in addition, the auxiliary tunnel is pressed into the ground for detecting harmful gas at the key position of tunnel type ventilation, and the position between the inverted arch trestle and the two lining trolleys is found that the accumulation of the harmful gas is obvious, but after ventilation for about 20 minutes, the concentration of the harmful gas can be below the safety limit value, and the concrete table 2.10 is shown below.
TABLE 2.10 Critical position harmful gas detection data
| Detecting a position | CO/ppm | SO 2 /ppm | CO 2 /ppm | H 2 S/ppm | CH 4 /ppm | NO 2 /ppm |
| Face of hand | 0 | 0 | 383 | 0 | 0 | 0.24 |
| Inverted arch trestle | 67 | 0 | 1351 | 0 | 0 | 7.79 |
| Waterproof board trolley | 40 | 0 | 1005 | 0 | 0 | 4.53 |
| Intersection of horizontal hole and positive hole | 34 | 0 | 1186 | 0 | 0 | 5.76 |
In the third stage of ventilation, when the air pipe connected with the fan in the left hole supplies air to the right hole face through the second air channel isolation door, the air pipe needs to be bent twice, in the invention, the ventilation pipeline is smoother by setting the reasonable crossing angle of the construction transverse channel II and the right hole and left hole of the right hole, in the implementation process, the twice bending of the air pipe at the position can realize optimal ventilation through the elbow connection customized by factory processing after calculation, and the ventilation local resistance is small, the replacement maintenance frequency is low, and the ventilation cost is low.
The ventilation method adopted in the third stage has the advantages of short ventilation distance, low power of the selected fans, high fresh air guarantee rate, low energy consumption of the whole ventilation system and simple daily maintenance, and is particularly used for the condition of long single-head ventilation distance of the special tunnel on the plateau.
The foregoing examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all designs that are the same or similar to the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A ventilation method for single-hole auxiliary tunnel auxiliary double-hole tunnel construction is characterized by comprising three stages:
the first stage: adopting a pressed ventilation method in the construction stage of the auxiliary tunnel;
and a second stage: when the auxiliary tunnel enters the positive hole, the left hole and the right hole of the positive hole are picked and lifted to be transferred into the positive hole for construction, and the left hole and the right hole do not pass through a construction transverse channel II nearby the positive hole, a ventilation method combining the auxiliary tunnel pressing-in type with positive hole F-shaped wind splitting is adopted;
and a third stage: and when the depths of the left hole and the right hole of the positive hole enter the horizontal channel II are at least 1 positive hole, adopting an auxiliary tunnel pressing-in type and roadway type ventilation combination method, wherein the construction horizontal channel II is arranged between two adjacent horizontal holes.
2. The ventilation method for single-hole auxiliary tunnel auxiliary double-hole tunnel construction according to claim 1, wherein the ventilation method comprises the following steps: the forced ventilation method is that a first fan is arranged at the auxiliary tunnel mouth and is connected with a ventilation pipe, fresh air is sent to the tunnel face through an air pipe, and dirty air is discharged through the auxiliary tunnel body.
3. The ventilation method for single-hole auxiliary tunnel auxiliary double-hole tunnel construction according to claim 1, wherein the ventilation method comprises the following steps: the auxiliary tunnel is characterized in that a second fan is arranged outside the auxiliary tunnel mouth, and fresh air is sent to the intersection of the positive tunnel through an air pipe communicated with the second fan to construct a first transverse channel.
4. A ventilation method for single-hole auxiliary tunnel auxiliary double-hole tunnel construction according to claim 3, characterized in that: the positive hole F-shaped air distribution is that an air pipe is connected with air pipes of a left hole and a right hole through a T-shaped three-way pipe and an L-shaped bent pipe respectively, so that air supply to the face of the left hole and the face of the right hole is realized.
5. The ventilation method for single-hole auxiliary tunnel auxiliary double-hole tunnel construction according to claim 1, wherein the ventilation method comprises the following steps: and the polluted air in the second stage is discharged out of the hole through the construction transverse channel I at the intersection of the positive hole section and the auxiliary pit hole body.
6. The ventilation method for single-hole auxiliary tunnel auxiliary double-hole tunnel construction according to claim 1, wherein the ventilation method comprises the following steps: in the construction of the third stage, a first air channel isolation door is respectively arranged at the intersection of a first construction transverse channel and the left hole in the size mileage, a second air channel isolation door is arranged at a second construction transverse channel which is close to the tunnel face and is in use, construction transverse channel air channel isolation doors are arranged in other second construction transverse channels behind the tunnel face, two fans III are arranged outside an auxiliary tunnel mouth, and a fan IV is arranged behind the second air channel isolation door;
fresh air is respectively sent to the left hole and the right hole through two air pipes I communicated with the fan III, and then is respectively sent to the large and small mileage tunnel face through two air pipes II communicated with the fan IV, and dirty air is discharged out of the pit through a construction transverse channel II, the right hole and the auxiliary tunnel which are in use and are close to the tunnel face in the rear area of the tunnel face.
7. The ventilation method for single-hole auxiliary tunnel auxiliary double-hole tunnel construction according to claim 2, wherein the ventilation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the air pipe is suspended at the top of the tunnel, the distance between the bottom of the air pipe and the auxiliary tunnel pavement is not less than 4.2m, and the distance between the fan and the auxiliary tunnel portal is not less than 30m.
8. The ventilation method for single-hole auxiliary tunnel auxiliary double-hole tunnel construction according to claim 4, wherein the ventilation method comprises the following steps: the T-shaped three-way pipe and the L-shaped bent pipe are made of hard, semi-rigid or flexible air pipes, and the air pipe diameter of the auxiliary tunnel is larger than that of the air pipes in the left hole and the right hole of the main tunnel.
9. The ventilation method for single-hole auxiliary tunnel auxiliary double-hole tunnel construction according to claim 2, wherein the ventilation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the distance between the air outlet of the air pipe and the excavation working surface is 10-40m.
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