CN213360154U - Distributed ventilation system for long-distance tunnel - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a long distance is distributed ventilation system for tunnel relates to tunnel construction technical field, including air supply subsystem and air exhaust subsystem that arrange along tunnel length, the tunnel is separated into N sub-areas that ventilate through N-1 wind wall, and air supply subsystem includes air supply dryer, air supply main blower and N air supply branch road fans, and air exhaust subsystem includes air exhaust dryer, air exhaust main blower and N air exhaust branch road fans, and each sub-area that ventilates corresponds and is equipped with an air supply branch road fan and air exhaust branch road fan; the air supply main fan and the N air supply branch fans, the air exhaust main fan and the N air exhaust branch fans are all in wireless or wired connection with the PLC control cabinet in the master control room. The long-distance tunnel is divided into a plurality of independent ventilation subareas, and the individualized ventilation treatment of the ventilation subareas in the tunnel is realized through the cooperation of the air supply branch fan and the air supply main fan as well as the air exhaust branch fan and the air exhaust main fan. Compared with a power centralized ventilation system, the energy consumption can be effectively reduced.

Description

Distributed ventilation system for long-distance tunnel

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a tunnel construction technical field especially relates to a long distance is distributed ventilation system for tunnel.

Background

With the continuous expansion of the construction scale of the traffic infrastructure, China has become the world with the largest tunnel construction scale, the highest difficulty and the largest quantity. During the tunnel construction, behaviors such as blasting, excavation can produce a large amount of dust, and vehicle and other internal combustion machinery can discharge tail gas in the tunnel is driven, mixes with the dust, forms dense smoke and gathers the district, influences construction operation safety. In addition, as more and more tunnels pass through mountains of gas accumulation areas such as oil and gas basins and coal strata, the number of gas tunnels is increased. The gas in the tunnel can cause disastrous results such as poisoning, suffocation, explosion and the like, and the gas management and control in the construction are very critical.

At present, ventilation is a basic measure for preventing the concentration of toxic and harmful gases such as dust, gas and the like in a tunnel from exceeding the limit. The tunnel ventilation mode mainly comprises a press-in type, a draw-out type, a mixed type, a roadway type and the like, and a main fan is generally arranged at a tunnel opening and is powered centralized ventilation. The problem that long distance tunnel construction ventilation exists lies in, because the length extension of dryer, it is untimely to maintain, leads to the dryer to appear the fold easily, damage the problem that leaks out, the angle change is too big, serious influence the wind speed and the amount of wind of going out of a section of thick bamboo, need increase fan power on a flat ground to compensate along journey ventilation loss, the energy consumption is big.

In addition, no matter how many working positions exist in the current ventilation mode of the long-distance tunnel, the whole ventilation system must be started, so that the energy consumption is high, and the production and operation cost is high. The homogeneous ventilation mode cannot perform personalized key treatment on key areas with serious pollution such as dust, gas and toxic gas, cannot reduce the ventilation treatment amount on areas with slight dust pollution, and performs ineffective ventilation on areas without pollution (or areas with production stoppage), thereby causing energy waste and increasing the cost.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to solve the technical problem that not enough to above-mentioned prior art provides a long distance is distributed ventilation system for tunnel, and structural design is reasonable, can realize the effect of tunnel local ventilation, whole ventilation, and the flexible operation is convenient, can initiatively adsorb the gas that spills over in the country rock, effectively prevents and treats the potential danger that the gas spilled over in the tunnel work progress or during the operation.

In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses the technical scheme who takes is:

a distributed ventilation system for a long-distance tunnel comprises an air supply subsystem and an air exhaust subsystem which are arranged along the length direction of the tunnel, wherein the air supply subsystem and the air exhaust subsystem are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the tunnel; the tunnel is divided into N ventilation subareas by N-1 air walls, the air supply subsystem comprises an air supply air cylinder, an air supply main fan connected with the air supply air cylinder and N air supply branch fans, and each ventilation subarea is correspondingly provided with one air supply branch fan; the air exhaust subsystem comprises an air exhaust duct, an air exhaust main fan connected with the air exhaust duct and N air exhaust branch fans, and each air exhaust sub-region is correspondingly provided with one air exhaust branch fan; the air exhaust branch fan and the air supply branch fan are respectively provided with an air inlet and an air outlet which face the inside of the tunnel; the air supply main fan and the N air supply branch fans, the air exhaust main fan and the N air exhaust branch fans are all in wireless or wired connection with the PLC control cabinet in the master control room.

Preferably, the air supply air duct is provided with N-1 reducing T-shaped tee joints, the first reducing T-shaped tee joint to the N-1 reducing T-shaped tee joint are sequentially and correspondingly arranged in the first ventilating subregion to the N-1 ventilating subregion from outside to inside, the first air supply branch fan to the N-1 air supply branch fan are sequentially and correspondingly arranged in the first reducing T-shaped tee joint to the N-1 reducing T-shaped tee joint, and the N air supply branch fan is arranged in the N ventilating subregion; the arrangement of the N-1 reducing T-shaped tee joints and the N exhaust branch fans on the exhaust air duct is the same as that on the air supply air duct.

Preferably, the first air supply branch fan to the N-1 air supply branch fan are respectively arranged from the inside of the first reducing T-shaped tee joint to the inside of the N-1 reducing T-shaped tee joint, the N air supply branch fan is arranged in a tail end connector of the N ventilation subregion, the tail end connector is arranged at the tail end of the N-1 air supply cylinder in the tunnel, and the air supply main fan is arranged at the head end of the first air supply cylinder and outside the tunnel portal; the arrangement of the air exhaust branch fans on the air exhaust duct is the same as that of the air supply branch fans.

Preferably, the reducing T-shaped tee joint comprises a hollow shell in which a fan base is arranged, an inlet is formed in one end of the shell, an I-th outlet is formed in the other end of the shell, and a II-th outlet with an opening facing the tunnel is formed in the side wall of the shell; the fan base is used for installing an air supply branch fan or an air exhaust branch fan; the inlet and the second outlet are both conical pipes with large outer parts and small inner parts, and the first outlet is a conical pipe with small outer parts and large inner parts; the fan base is fixedly connected with the rotating handle, and the tail end of the rotating handle extends to the outside of the shell and is used for adjusting the included angle between the impeller of the air supply branch fan and the air supply air cylinder or adjusting the included angle between the impeller of the air exhaust branch fan and the air exhaust air cylinder.

Preferably, the I outlet is provided with an I outlet valve, and the II outlet is provided with a II outlet valve.

Preferably, the tunnel lining in every ventilation subregion all is equipped with the environmental monitoring sensor on the surface, the environmental monitoring sensor is dust sensor and carbon monoxide sensor, the environmental monitoring sensor all links to each other with the interior PLC switch board of total accuse through the router.

Preferably, the environment monitoring sensor further comprises a gas sensor, and the gas sensor is connected with a PLC control cabinet in the master control room through a router.

Preferably, the air supply main fan, the air supply branch fan, the air exhaust main fan and the air exhaust branch fan are all provided with a frequency converter and a relay, and the air supply main fan, the air supply branch fan, the air exhaust main fan and the air exhaust branch fan are all connected with the power supply in parallel.

Preferably, the air supply main fan, the air supply branch fan, the air exhaust main fan and the air exhaust branch fan are respectively connected with the PLC control cabinet in the master control room in a wireless or wired mode through the controller; the power supply is a double-circuit power supply.

Preferably, the air wall includes efflux fan, skeleton and is used for covering the coating of skeleton, the skeleton is frame rack construction, the passageway is left at the middle part of skeleton, the efflux fan sets up in the top of skeleton, and its efflux direction is perpendicular downwards.

Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses divide into the independent ventilation subregion of a plurality of with the long distance tunnel to adapt to the condition of dust, poisonous and harmful gas along tunnel longitudinal distribution, each ventilation subregion sets up air supply branch road fan alone and discharges the branch road fan, realizes the individualized ventilation processing to the inside different positions in tunnel through air supply branch road fan and air supply main fan, the branch road fan of airing exhaust and the cooperation of the main fan of airing exhaust. Compared with a power centralized ventilation system, the utility model can effectively reduce energy consumption; meanwhile, the tunnel ventilation can be controlled by workers in a master control room, the operation is flexible and convenient, the air supply subsystem and the air exhaust subsystem both adopt air pipe modes, and the system is particularly suitable for gas tunnels with high risk and rich gas in coal strata, oil-gas basins and the like.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a distributed ventilation system for a long-distance tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the reducing T-shaped tee in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a top view of the reducing T-tee of FIG. 4;

fig. 6 is a control schematic diagram of the air supply branch fan and the air supply main fan, the air exhaust branch fan and the air exhaust main fan and the environment monitoring sensor in the embodiment of the utility model;

fig. 7 is a control flow diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

in the figure: the method comprises the following steps of 1-tunnel portal, 2-the first ventilation area, 3-the first air wall, 4-the second ventilation area, 5-the second air wall, 6-the N-1 ventilation area, 7-the N-1 air wall, 8-the N ventilation area, 9-tunnel face and 10-tunnel lining.

Air supply subsystem: 11-air supply main fan, 12-first air supply air duct, 13-air supply subsystem first reducing T-shaped tee joint, 14-air supply subsystem first branch fan, 15-air supply subsystem second air duct, 16-air supply subsystem second reducing T-shaped tee joint, 17-air supply subsystem second branch fan, 18-air supply subsystem N-1 air duct, 19-air supply subsystem N-1 reducing T-shaped tee joint, 20-air supply subsystem N-1 branch fan, 21-air supply subsystem N air duct, 22-air supply subsystem end joint and 23-air supply subsystem N branch fan.

Branch system of airing exhaust: 24-the main air fan of airing exhaust, 25-the first dryer of air exhaust subsystem, 26-the first reducing T-shaped tee joint of air exhaust subsystem, 27-the first branch air fan of air exhaust subsystem, 28-the second dryer of air exhaust subsystem, 29-the second reducing T-shaped tee joint of air exhaust subsystem, 30-the second branch air fan of air exhaust subsystem, 31-the N-1 dryer of air exhaust subsystem, 32-the N-1 reducing T-shaped tee joint of air exhaust subsystem, 33-the N-1 branch air fan of air exhaust subsystem, 34-the N dryer of air exhaust subsystem, 35-the end joint of air exhaust subsystem, and 36-the N branch air fan of air exhaust subsystem.

37-environmental monitoring sensor, 371-dust sensor, 372-gas sensor, 373-carbon monoxide sensor, 38-multiple signal router.

39-a master control room, 40-a PLC control cabinet and 41-a controller; 42-frequency converter, 43-relay, 44-double-circuit power supply;

reducing the T-shaped tee: 45-inlet, 46-I outlet, 47-I outlet valve, 48-II outlet, 49-II outlet valve, 50-blower base, 51-rotary handle, 52-blower impeller.

Wind wall: 53-framework, 54-coating, 55-channel, 56-jet fan.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described below clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Various toxic and harmful gases can be generated in the tunnel construction process, and the sources include dust generated by blasting, excavation and the like, tail gas generated by internal combustion machinery, gas in surrounding rocks and the like. When the tunnel is long and is constructed for single-head tunneling, the toxic and harmful substances can be accumulated in the tunnel along with the increase of the tunneling depth, thereby threatening the personal safety of construction personnel and even causing safety accidents such as explosion and the like. Ventilation is a critical way to maintain an air environment inside the tunnel. However, when the length of the tunnel is large, especially when other working points or toxic and harmful gas overflow points exist in the tunnel besides the tunnel face, the traditional power centralized ventilation effect is not ideal.

The utility model provides a long distance is distributed ventilation system for tunnel, including air supply branch system and the branch system of airing exhaust who arranges along tunnel length direction, air supply branch system and branch system of airing exhaust symmetrical arrangement are in the both sides of tunnel; the tunnel is divided into N ventilation subareas by N-1 air walls, the air supply subsystem comprises an air supply air cylinder, an air supply main fan connected with the air supply air cylinder and N air supply branch fans, and each ventilation subarea is correspondingly provided with one air supply branch fan; the air exhaust subsystem comprises an air exhaust duct, an air exhaust main fan connected with the air exhaust duct and N air exhaust branch fans, and each air exhaust sub-region is correspondingly provided with one air exhaust branch fan; the air exhaust branch fan and the air supply branch fan are respectively provided with an air inlet and an air outlet which face the inside of the tunnel; the air supply main fan and the N air supply branch fans, the air exhaust main fan and the N air exhaust branch fans are all in wireless or wired connection with the PLC control cabinet in the master control room.

As shown in fig. 1, the tunnel is divided into N independent ventilation sub-regions, and the adjacent two ventilation sub-regions are isolated by using air walls. The N ventilation subregions are sequentially as follows: the first ventilation zone 2, the second ventilation zone 4, up to the (N-1) th ventilation zone 6, the Nth ventilation zone 8. The first ventilation area 2 and the second ventilation area 4 are separated by a first wind wall 3, the second ventilation area 4 and the 3 rd ventilation area 6 are separated by a second wind wall 5, and the like, and the (N-1) th ventilation area 6 and the (N-1) th ventilation area 8 are separated by a (N-1) th wind wall 7. Wherein the edges of the windwall are all attached to the tunnel lining 10.

As a preferred structure, N-1 reducing T-shaped tee joints are arranged on the air supply air duct, the first reducing T-shaped tee joint 13 to the N-1 reducing T-shaped tee joint 19 are sequentially and correspondingly arranged in the first ventilating subarea 2 to the N-1 ventilating subarea 6 from outside to inside, the first air supply branch fan 14 to the N-1 air supply branch fan 20 are sequentially and correspondingly arranged in the first reducing T-shaped tee joint 13 to the N-1 reducing T-shaped tee joint 19, the N air supply branch fan 23 is arranged in an end joint 22 of the N ventilating subarea 8, and the end joint 22 is arranged at the tail end of the N-1 air supply duct 18 of the air supply air duct in the tunnel; the arrangement of the N-1 reducing T-shaped tee joints and the N exhaust branch fans on the exhaust air duct is the same as that on the air supply air duct.

In a specific embodiment of the utility model, as shown in fig. 2, the air wall includes efflux fan 56, skeleton 53 and is used for covering the coating 54 of skeleton 53, skeleton 53 is the frame rack structure who is formed by the steelframe assembly, the passageway 55 that supplies construction machinery and personnel to pass is left at the middle part of skeleton 53, efflux fan 56 sets up in the top of skeleton 53, and efflux fan 56's the perpendicular downward air curtain that forms of efflux direction of airing exhaust forms to air circulation each other forms the calamity diffusion when the poisonous and harmful gas of the appearance between the different ventilation zone in case. The covering layer 54 is made of canvas, and the framework 53 outside the passage 55 is covered by the canvas 54.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the reducing T-junction includes a hollow shell with a fan base 50 inside, an inlet 45 is arranged at one end of the shell, an i-th outlet 46 is arranged at the other end of the shell, and an i-th outlet valve 47 is arranged at the i-th outlet 46; a second outlet 48 with an opening facing the tunnel is arranged on the side wall of the shell, a second outlet valve 49 is arranged at the second outlet 48, and the second outlet 48 is responsible for inputting fresh air or removing polluted air to the ventilation subarea where the second outlet is positioned; the fan base 50 is used for installing an air supply branch fan or an air exhaust branch fan; the inlet 45 and the second outlet 48 are both conical pipes with large outside and small inside, and the first outlet 46 is a conical pipe with small outside and large inside. Wherein, the solenoid valve is all selected for use to I outlet valve and II outlet valve, and the staff can adjust the export air supply volume and the volume of airing exhaust of controlling each reducing T type tee bend through the PLC switch board in total accuse room. In addition, the diameters of the three ports of the reducing T-shaped tee are different, and the diameters of the three ports can be changed according to air supply requirements.

As shown in fig. 5, the fan base 50 is fixedly connected to a rotating handle 51, and a terminal of the rotating handle 51 extends to an outside of the casing, and is used for adjusting an included angle between an impeller 52 of the air supply branch fan and the air supply duct, or adjusting an included angle between an impeller 52 of the air exhaust branch fan and the air exhaust duct. When the fan impeller 52 is coaxial with the air supply duct or the air exhaust duct, the air supply branch fan or the air exhaust branch fan respectively cooperates with the air supply main fan or the air exhaust main fan to supply air to the deep part of the tunnel or exhaust air to the outside of the tunnel; when the fan impeller 52 is perpendicular to the axis of the air supply duct or the air exhaust duct, the air supply branch fan or the air exhaust branch fan supplies or exhausts air to the ventilation sub-area. Adopt this structure can make and install the branch road fan inside the T type tee bend of reducing have a rotation function, can change fan impeller axis according to the demand, as serial-type fan when unanimous with the main blower, when perpendicular with the main blower, can pass through II exports of branch road dryer and carry fresh air to the ventilation zone of locating. The reducing T-shaped tee joint is combined with the branch fan, so that the hydraulic stability of the power distribution type ventilation system can be effectively improved, and the regulation and control difficulty is reduced.

The working process of the air supply subsystem is as follows: an outlet of a main air supply fan 11 of the air supply subsystem is connected with an inlet of an I air supply cylinder 12, an outlet of the I air supply cylinder 12 is connected with an inlet of an I reducing T-shaped tee 13 positioned in the I ventilation area 2, and an I branch fan 14 is positioned inside the I reducing T-shaped tee 13 of the air supply subsystem; the first air supply branch fan 14 is responsible for inputting fresh air to the first ventilation area 2 through the second outlet of the first reducing T-shaped tee joint 13. Similarly, the second outlet of the second branch blower 17 in the second reducing T-shaped tee 16 of the blowing subsystem is responsible for inputting fresh air to the second ventilation area 4; by analogy, the second outlet of the N-1 branch blower 20 in the N-1 reducing T-shaped tee 19 of the blowing subsystem is responsible for inputting fresh air to the N-1 ventilation area 7; the second outlet of the nth branch blower 23 in the end joint 22 of the air supply subsystem is responsible for inputting fresh air to the nth ventilation area 8, so that air supply of the N ventilation areas is realized.

In a similar way, the outward air exhaust of N ventilation areas is realized through the air exhaust operation of the air exhaust subsystem.

In a specific embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the tunnel lining 10 in each ventilation sub-area is provided with an environmental monitoring sensor 37 on the surface, the environmental monitoring sensor 37 is a dust sensor 371 and a carbon monoxide sensor 373, and the environmental monitoring sensor 37 is connected to the PLC control cabinet 40 in the master control room through the router 38. Wherein, environmental monitoring sensor can be according to gas actual environment condition autonomous selection, when the tunnel is the gas tunnel, multiplicable gas sensor 372. During installation, the dust sensor 371, the gas sensor 372 and the carbon monoxide sensor 373 can be uniformly distributed on the surface of the tunnel lining 10. As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the first ventilation area 2, the second ventilation area 4 …, the (N-1) ventilation area 6, the dust sensor 371, the gas sensor 372 and the carbon monoxide sensor 373 of the nth ventilation area 8 continuously and automatically monitor the environment at certain time intervals, and the monitored data are collected by the multi-channel signal router 38 and transmitted to the PLC control cabinet 40 in the main control room 39 for analysis and storage.

The air supply main fan, the air supply branch fan, the air exhaust main fan and the air exhaust branch fan are all provided with a frequency converter 42 and a relay 43, and are respectively connected with a PLC control cabinet 40 in the master control room 39 in a wireless or wired mode through a controller 41, and the air supply main fan, the air supply branch fan, the air exhaust main fan and the air exhaust branch fan are all connected with a power supply in parallel. The controller 41 sends a control instruction to the frequency converter 42 corresponding to the fan, and the frequency converter 42 coordinates the relay 43 to change the operation mode of the fan, so as to form a control process. And then, acquiring data uploaded by a new group of sensors, feeding back the actual effect of the last regulation and control, and starting a new round of control process, thereby forming a closed-loop control process for automatically regulating the fan.

The key design parameters of the fan include fan type (axial flow, jet flow), power (wind pressure) and spatial position. All fans are additionally provided with a relay, a frequency converter and a controller, the relay is connected between a power supply and the frequency converter, the input end of the frequency converter is connected with the relay, and the output end of the frequency converter and the fans form a current loop. The tunnel ventilation system can independently run, can realize the adjustment of any air volume, realizes electrification, informatization and automation operation, and can adjust in real time according to various parameter changes in the actual tunnel, thereby achieving good ventilation effect.

In addition, the power supply adopts a double-circuit power supply, when one circuit of the power supply fails, the other circuit of the power supply is automatically switched, and the normal operation of the ventilation system is ensured.

During specific manufacturing, flexible air pipes are selected for the air supply duct and the air exhaust duct, and key design parameters comprise the length, the diameter and the spatial position of the air ducts. The flexible air duct can adopt canvas air duct, adhesive tape air duct and artificial leather air duct. The mounting method of the air duct comprises the steps of firstly mounting a support on the side wall or the vault of the tunnel by using an expansion bolt, and then hanging and fixing the main air duct through a steel wire rope. The air pipe suspension should be flat, straight, stable and tight. The connection mode of the air duct and the reducing T-shaped tee adopts a threaded connection mode. In view of the negative pressure inside the air exhaust duct, a rigid air duct needs to be configured, and the specific type is a telescopic air duct with a rigid framework, and a steel wire ring or a spiral steel wire ring is added in the flexible air duct at certain intervals.

The utility model discloses have remote automation monitoring and control function, at first, according to tunnel construction standard requirement and tunnel construction actual conditions, select the environment to detect the index, including dust concentration, gas concentration, section wind speed etc..

Secondly, the PLC control cabinet 40 in the master control room 39 sets the threshold value of the environmental monitoring index in advance, and the monitoring index and the set value can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual situation of tunnel construction and the field application effect. The environment monitoring sensor is used for carrying out data transmission and conversion by the multi-channel signal router and transmitting the data to the PLC control cabinet 40, the PLC control cabinet 40 is used for carrying out comparative analysis on the collected data and a set value, evaluating the deviation value of a monitoring index, obtaining a regulation and control instruction through set logic analysis and transmitting the regulation and control instruction to the controller 41 corresponding to each fan; the running modes of the main fan and the branch fans are changed through the frequency converter coordinating relay, and a primary control process is formed. And then, acquiring data uploaded by a new group of sensors, feeding back the actual effect of the last regulation and control, and starting a new round of control process, thereby forming a closed-loop control process for automatically regulating the fan.

The key technology of the automatic control lies in the comparative analysis and logic deduction process of the monitoring data and the preset index value, and the control principle adopts a logic mode with the maximum difference between the measured value and the preset value and the priority, as shown in fig. 7. The difference value is divided into a positive difference (larger than a set value) and a negative difference (smaller than the set value), the working states of the air supply main fan and the air exhaust main fan are adjusted according to the total maximum difference value of all the sensors each time, and the working rotating speeds of the air supply branch fan and the air exhaust branch fan are changed according to the divided maximum difference value of each sub-ventilation system, so that the air volume adjustment is realized. When positive difference occurs in all types of monitoring indexes, the wind speed of the fan is subjected to acceleration regulation according to the increased wind volume required by the index type with the maximum positive difference value; and when all monitoring indexes have negative differences, performing speed reduction regulation and control on the wind speed of the fan according to the air quantity required to be reduced by the index type with the maximum negative difference value (the minimum negative difference absolute value). When positive difference and negative difference simultaneously occur in the monitoring indexes, wind speed increase regulation and control are carried out according to a positive difference regulation and control principle.

In practical application, the ventilation range and the ventilation time can be adjusted independently by adjusting the direction of the air supply branch fan or the air exhaust branch fan and two outlet valves of the reducing T-shaped tee.

In the first case: when the tunnel face 9 is in construction operation, only dust exists near the tunnel face, and toxic and harmful gas does not exist in other areas, so that only the N-th ventilation area 8 needs to be ventilated. Then, the fan impellers of the first air supply branch fan 14 and the second air supply branch fan 17 of the air supply subsystem till the N-1 air supply branch fan 20 are all set to be coaxial with the air cylinder, the first outlet valve 47 of the air supply branch fans is opened, the second outlet valve 49 of the air supply branch fans is closed, and all the air supply branch fans and the air supply main fan cooperate to press fresh air into the palm surface. Meanwhile, fan impellers of an exhaust branch fan I27, an exhaust branch fan II 30 and an exhaust branch fan N-1 33 of the exhaust subsystem are all arranged to be coaxial with the air duct, an outlet valve I47 of the exhaust branch fan is opened, an outlet valve II 49 is closed, and all the exhaust branch fans and the exhaust main fan cooperate to remove polluted air from the face to the outside.

Particularly, when the dust concentration in tunnel face construction is not high, the ventilation system can be closed, and the jet fan 56 on the air wall is closed, so that the dust is transported and removed outwards along the main tunnel of the tunnel, and the energy consumption is saved.

In the second case: when the tunnel face 9 is constructed, besides dust existing near the tunnel face, the second ventilation area 4 has internal combustion machinery for maintenance to generate a large amount of tail gas, so that the second ventilation area 4 and the Nth ventilation area 8 need to be ventilated simultaneously. Then, the fan impellers of the first air supply branch fan 14 to the N-1 air supply branch fan 20 of the air supply subsystem are all set to be coaxial with the air duct, the first outlet valve 47 of the reducing T-shaped tee where the air supply branch fans are located is opened, and the second outlet valve 49 is closed. And the fan impeller of the second air supply branch fan 17 is set to be vertical to the axis of the air duct, the first outlet valve 47 and the second outlet valve 49 of the reducing T-shaped tee joint of the second air supply branch fan 17 are opened, and fresh air is input into the second ventilation area 4 and the Nth ventilation area 8. Meanwhile, the fan impellers of the first air exhaust branch fan 27 and the N-1 air exhaust branch fan 33 of the air exhaust subsystem are set to be coaxial with the air duct, and the first outlet valve 47 and the second outlet valve 49 of the reducing T-shaped tee joint where the air exhaust branch fans are located are opened and closed. And the fan impeller of the second air exhaust branch fan 30 of the air exhaust subsystem is set to be vertical to the axis of the air duct, the first outlet valve 47 and the second outlet valve 49 of the reducing T-shaped tee joint where the second air exhaust branch fan 30 is located are opened, and air is exhausted from the second ventilation area 4 and the Nth ventilation area 8.

In the third case: when the tunnel is positioned in a gas-enriched coal-series stratum or an oil-gas basin, gas overflows from the tunnel face 9 and the secondary lining cracks, and the whole tunnel is filled with gas and needs to be ventilated. Then, setting fan impellers of the first air supply branch fan and the second air supply branch fan of the air supply subsystem till the N-1 air supply branch fan to be vertical to the air duct, opening the first outlet valve and the second outlet valve of the air supply branch fans, and pressing fresh air into all the ventilation subareas. Meanwhile, fan impellers of the first air exhaust branch fan, the second air exhaust branch fan and the N-1 air exhaust branch fan of the air exhaust subsystem are all arranged to be perpendicular to the air duct, the first outlet valve and the second outlet valve of the air exhaust branch fans are opened, and polluted air is exhausted from all the sub-ventilation areas.

In a fourth case: when the tunnel face 9 is shut down and the N-1 th ventilation area is subjected to fire operation, only the N-1 th ventilation area needs to be ventilated. Then, setting fan impellers of a first air supply branch fan and a second air supply branch fan of the air supply subsystem to be coaxial with the air duct, and opening a first outlet valve and closing a second outlet valve of the reducing T-shaped tee where the air supply branch fans are located; and setting fan impellers of the N-1 air supply branch fan of the air supply subsystem to be vertical to the air duct, opening the II outlet valve of the T-shaped tee joint with the different diameter where the N-1 air supply branch fan is positioned, closing the I outlet valve, and pressing fresh air into the N-1 ventilation area. Because the concentration of the dirty air generated by the firing operation is low, the exhaust subsystem is not started, the air wall jet fan is closed, and the dirty air is directly discharged along the air wall channel.

In the fifth case: according to the characteristics of tunnel construction operation, different concentration levels of dust appear in different working procedure stages such as drilling → charging blasting → slag transportation → primary support → secondary lining, and different ventilation volumes are adopted according to different duration times of the working procedures through the monitoring value of the environment monitoring sensor 37.

To sum up, the beneficial effects of the utility model are specifically as follows:

segmentation: aiming at the problem that when a gas tunnel is constructed, besides gas overflows from a rock stratum exposed on a tunnel face, gas still overflows from a part with poor lining sealing on a surrounding rock after lining construction due to the actions of blasting and mechanical vibration, so that the gas disaster risk still exists in a large number of parts of the whole tunnel. According to the length of the tunnel and the gas emission level, the longitudinal ventilation scheme of the tunnel is divided into areas, a branch ventilation system is added in each ventilation area, the operation of the branch ventilation systems is controlled in a single machine control mode, and the personalized ventilation processing of each area is realized. For example, the reinforced ventilation is carried out on the areas with serious dust and toxic gas pollution, including the areas with gas leakage and the like after the tunnel face and the two linings are constructed, and the exhaust is independent of other areas and is directly exhausted to the outside of a gas tunnel in a pipeline mode to prevent other areas from being polluted or expand the gas influence range; local intensified ventilation is carried out on the trolley, the large-scale mechanical staying area and the manual operation surface; for coal-based formations with extremely high gas content, continuous intensified ventilation is performed through the section of the lining which leaks gas outwards even after passing.

Time-interval division: according to the construction operation characteristics of the tunnel, in different working procedures such as drilling → charging blasting → slag transportation → primary support → secondary lining, the gushing amount of dust and gas on the tunnel face and the distribution rule of the dust and the gas in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel are different, and different ventilation amounts are adopted according to different working procedure completion times.

Air volume distribution: the air supply amount is increased for the section with serious dust and toxic gas pollution; the ventilation air volume is reduced for the area with slight dust pollution; the ventilation is stopped for the areas without contamination (or areas of production stoppage).

Intelligentization: the tunnel dust and gas harmful gas automatic monitoring system, the data transmission and intelligent decision, the dynamic feedback and regulation system and the ventilation system are integrated, dynamic calculation of ventilation quantity can be achieved according to the dust and gas concentration in the tunnel, and the ventilation system is linked according to ventilation quantity requirements.

Energy conservation: on one hand, the pressure of the whole pipe network is reduced and the air leakage of the pipeline is correspondingly reduced due to the adoption of a power distribution transmission and distribution mode; on the other hand, the dynamic ventilation concept is adopted, the ventilation system adopts the variable frequency fan technology, the wind pressure and the wind quantity of the fan can be adaptively and dynamically adjusted, the variable speed operation is realized, and the energy consumption is reduced.

Reliability: the main fan and the branch fans in the power distribution type ventilation system share the ventilation task, the ventilation system cannot be completely failed under the condition that a single fan fails, a certain air supply quantity can be kept through the operation of other fans, and the basic safety requirements of the personnel in the tunnel are guaranteed.

The power distribution type ventilation system integrates various mature technologies, aims to overcome various defects of the existing ventilation system, including high energy consumption, large wind resistance, more air leakage, open diffusion of toxic gas, poor reliability and the like, and realizes the high efficiency, energy conservation and safety of long-distance tunnel ventilation.

The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been explained herein using specific examples, and the above descriptions of the embodiments are only used to help understand the method and its core ideas of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, the present invention can be further modified and modified, and such modifications and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A distributed ventilation system for a long-distance tunnel is characterized in that: the tunnel is divided into N ventilation subareas by N-1 air walls, the air supply subsystem comprises an air supply air cylinder, an air supply main fan and N air supply branch fans, the air supply main fan is connected with the air supply air cylinder, and each ventilation subarea is correspondingly provided with one air supply branch fan; the air exhaust subsystem comprises an air exhaust duct, an air exhaust main fan connected with the air exhaust duct and N air exhaust branch fans, and each air exhaust sub-region is correspondingly provided with one air exhaust branch fan; the air exhaust branch fan and the air supply branch fan are respectively provided with an air inlet and an air outlet which face the inside of the tunnel; the air supply main fan and the N air supply branch fans, the air exhaust main fan and the N air exhaust branch fans are all in wireless or wired connection with the PLC control cabinet in the master control room.

2. The distributed ventilation system for long-distance tunnels according to claim 1, wherein: n-1 reducing T-shaped tee joints are arranged on the air supply air duct, the first reducing T-shaped tee joint to the N-1 reducing T-shaped tee joint are sequentially and correspondingly arranged in the first ventilating subarea to the N-1 ventilating subarea from outside to inside, the first air supply branch fan to the N-1 air supply branch fan are sequentially and correspondingly arranged in the first reducing T-shaped tee joint to the N-1 reducing T-shaped tee joint, and the N air supply branch fan is arranged in the N ventilating subarea; the arrangement of the N-1 reducing T-shaped tee joints and the N exhaust branch fans on the exhaust air duct is the same as that on the air supply air duct.

3. The distributed ventilation system for long-distance tunnels according to claim 2, wherein: the first air supply branch fan to the N-1 air supply branch fan are respectively arranged from the inside of the first reducing T-shaped tee joint to the inside of the N-1 reducing T-shaped tee joint, the N air supply branch fan is arranged in a tail end connector of the N ventilation subregion, the tail end connector is arranged at the tail end of an N-1 air supply cylinder in the tunnel, and the air supply main fan is arranged at the head end of the first air supply cylinder and is arranged outside the tunnel opening; the arrangement of the air exhaust branch fans on the air exhaust duct is the same as that of the air supply branch fans.

4. The distributed ventilation system for long-distance tunnels according to claim 2, wherein: the reducing T-shaped tee joint comprises a hollow shell in which a fan base is arranged, an inlet is formed in one end of the shell, an I-th outlet is formed in the other end of the shell, and a II-th outlet with an opening facing a tunnel is formed in the side wall of the shell; the fan base is used for installing an air supply branch fan or an air exhaust branch fan; the inlet and the second outlet are both conical pipes with large outer parts and small inner parts, and the first outlet is a conical pipe with small outer parts and large inner parts; the fan base is fixedly connected with the rotating handle, and the tail end of the rotating handle extends to the outside of the shell and is used for adjusting the included angle between the impeller of the air supply branch fan and the air supply air cylinder or adjusting the included angle between the impeller of the air exhaust branch fan and the air exhaust air cylinder.

5. The distributed ventilation system for long-distance tunnels according to claim 4, wherein: the I export is equipped with I outlet valve, the II export is equipped with II outlet valve.

6. The distributed ventilation system for long-distance tunnels according to claim 1, wherein: the tunnel lining in every ventilation subregion all is equipped with the environmental monitoring sensor on the surface, the environmental monitoring sensor is dust sensor and carbon monoxide sensor, the environmental monitoring sensor all links to each other with the interior PLC switch board of total accuse through the router.

7. The distributed ventilation system for long-distance tunnels according to claim 6, wherein: the environment monitoring sensor further comprises a gas sensor, and the gas sensor is connected with a PLC control cabinet in the master control room through a router.

8. The distributed ventilation system for long-distance tunnels according to claim 1, wherein: the air supply main fan, the air supply branch fan, the air exhaust main fan and the air exhaust branch fan are all provided with a frequency converter and a relay, and the air supply main fan, the air supply branch fan, the air exhaust main fan and the air exhaust branch fan are all connected with a power supply in parallel.

9. The distributed ventilation system for long-distance tunnels according to claim 8, wherein: the air supply main fan, the air supply branch fan, the air exhaust main fan and the air exhaust branch fan are respectively in wireless or wired connection with a PLC control cabinet in the master control room through a controller; the power supply is a double-circuit power supply.

10. The distributed ventilation system for long-distance tunnels according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the wind wall comprises a jet fan, a framework and a coating layer for covering the framework, wherein the framework is of a frame structure, a channel is reserved in the middle of the framework, and the jet fan is arranged at the top of the framework and is vertically downward in the jet direction.

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