CN117294257A - Doherty power amplifier - Google Patents
Doherty power amplifier Download PDFInfo
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- CN117294257A CN117294257A CN202311051482.9A CN202311051482A CN117294257A CN 117294257 A CN117294257 A CN 117294257A CN 202311051482 A CN202311051482 A CN 202311051482A CN 117294257 A CN117294257 A CN 117294257A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/02—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
- H03F1/0205—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers
- H03F1/0288—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers using a main and one or several auxiliary peaking amplifiers whereby the load is connected to the main amplifier using an impedance inverter, e.g. Doherty amplifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/32—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion
- H03F1/3241—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion using predistortion circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/56—Modifications of input or output impedances, not otherwise provided for
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/56—Modifications of input or output impedances, not otherwise provided for
- H03F1/565—Modifications of input or output impedances, not otherwise provided for using inductive elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
- H03F3/21—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/211—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only using a combination of several amplifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
- H03G3/00—Gain control in amplifiers or frequency changers
- H03G3/20—Automatic control
- H03G3/30—Automatic control in amplifiers having semiconductor devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention relates to a Doherty power amplifier, comprising: the system comprises a gain amplifier, a self-adaptive input power distributor, a carrier power amplification network, a peak power amplification network and a power synthesis network; the input end of the gain amplifier is connected with a radio frequency input signal, the output end of the gain amplifier is connected with the input end of the self-adaptive input power distributor, the first output end of the self-adaptive input power distributor is connected with the input end of the carrier power amplification network, the second output end of the self-adaptive input power distributor is connected with the input end of the peak power amplification network, and the output ends of the carrier power amplification network and the peak power amplification network are connected with the input end of the power synthesis network. The Doherty power amplifier improves the gain of the peak power amplifier, realizes the predistortion function, linearizes the output power of the Doherty PA, effectively improves the output power and efficiency of the Doherty PA in a high-power mode and a low-power mode, saves the chip area and reduces the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of integrated circuits, in particular to a Doherty power amplifier.
Background
Modern high-speed wireless communication has an increasing demand for high data rate transmission, which requires that the modulation scheme of the signal adopts a signal modulation scheme with a peak-to-average ratio (PAPR), and the peak-to-average ratio signal requires a wireless communication power amplifier to have higher linearity so as to ensure that the signal is transmitted without distortion. In order to maintain high linearity, a wireless communication power amplifier generally operates in a power back-off state far from a power compression point (P1 dB), and according to the complexity of a signal modulation scheme, a back-off of 3-10dB is a common case. Existing radio frequency power amplifiers are often designed as a fixed load impedance, the load impedance is optimized at the maximum output power, the power added efficiency is maximum at the maximum output power, the efficiency decreases rapidly as the output power decreases, and the large power back-off will cause the power amplifier to operate at a lower power added efficiency. In order to enable the power amplifier to still keep high-efficiency operation during power back-off, the Doherty PA (Doherty power amplifier) technology is based on load modulation of an output end, the size of the output load is determined by the sizes of carrier power amplifier and peak power amplifier current ratio, load impedance is dynamically adjusted, and the Doherty PA (Doherty power amplifier) technology can operate at different power points with high efficiency according to the size of the modulated load impedance value. The Doherty PA technology has a simple structure, can be used in combination with other efficiency lifting and linearization technologies, and is a preferred scheme for amplifying peak-to-average ratio signals.
As shown in fig. 1, the conventional voltage synthesis type Doherty PA based on a magnetic coupling transformer is composed of a carrier power amplifier and a peak power amplifier which are connected in parallel, and a magnetic coupling transformer power synthesis network. The two amplifiers have the same size, the carrier power amplifier works in class AB, and the peak power amplifier works in class C. When the input power is smaller, the Doherty PA works in a low power mode, the peak power amplifier is not opened, and only the carrier power amplifier works. With the increase of input power, when the output power of the carrier power amplifier is close to the saturated power, the carrier power amplifier efficiency reaches a first peak point, the peak power amplifier is turned on, the carrier power amplifier and the peak power amplifier work simultaneously, the Doherty PA enters a high power mode, and the output power is the power obtained after the output power of the carrier power amplifier and the peak power amplifier are synthesized.
When the existing Doherty PA works in a high output power mode, the load of the peak power amplifier is not modulated to a low enough level, so that the maximum output power is low, the load impedance of the carrier power amplifier and the peak power amplifier cannot be fully modulated, the output power after the carrier power amplifier and the peak power amplifier are combined is reduced compared with the output power after the load is fully modulated, and the amplitude-amplitude modulation (AM-AM) characteristic is also deteriorated. Moreover, due to the soft switching characteristic of the peak power amplifier, the load facing the carrier power amplifier is pulled downwards in advance during power backspacing, and the efficiency is also lowered. Meanwhile, as the carrier power amplifier and the peak power amplifier do not reach the ideal output power state, the third-order intermodulation items of the carrier power amplifier and the peak power amplifier can not realize ideal cancellation, and the linearity of the Doherty PA is also deteriorated.
The existing microwave power amplifier based on the magnetic coupling transformer synthesizes the magnetic coupling transformer in the network, and the magnetic coupling transformer can realize direct current isolation, has good working robustness, but has large power loss in a high-frequency band, and reduces the maximum output power and the efficiency of the microwave power amplifier. When the MMIC technology is adopted to design the microwave power amplifier, the magnetic coupling transformers with the same capacity occupy large chip area, have large insertion loss and high cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the Doherty power amplifier aiming at the defects in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a Doherty power amplifier is proposed, comprising: the system comprises a gain amplifier, a self-adaptive input power distributor, a carrier power amplification network, a peak power amplification network and a power synthesis network;
the input end of the gain amplifier is connected with a radio frequency input signal, the output end of the gain amplifier is connected with the input end of the self-adaptive input power distributor, the first output end of the self-adaptive input power distributor is connected with the input end of the carrier power amplification network, the second output end of the self-adaptive input power distributor is connected with the input end of the peak power amplification network, and the output ends of the carrier power amplification network and the peak power amplification network are connected with the input end of the power synthesis network.
Further, the carrier power amplifier network includes: the second input matching network, the first balun structure network and the impedance inversion network;
the input end of the second input matching network is connected with the first output end of the self-adaptive input power distributor, the output end of the second input matching network is connected with the input end of the first balun structure network, the output end of the first balun structure network is connected with the input end of the impedance inversion network, and the output end of the impedance inversion network is connected with the input end of the power synthesis network.
Further, the peak power amplifier network includes: the third input matching network, the second balun structure network and the phase compensation network;
the input end of the third input matching network is connected with the second output end of the self-adaptive input power distributor, the output end of the third input matching network is connected with the input end of the second balun structure network, the output end of the second balun structure network is connected with the input end of the phase compensation network, and the output end of the phase compensation network is connected with the input end of the power synthesis network.
Further, the gain amplifier includes: the input end of the first input matching network is connected with the radio frequency input signal, the output end of the first input matching network is connected with the input end of the amplifier PA1, the output end of the amplifier PA1 is connected with the input end of the output matching network, and the output end of the output matching network is connected with the input end of the self-adaptive input power distributor.
Further, the adaptive input power splitter comprises: inductance L1, capacitance C1, and capacitance C2;
the first end of the inductor L1 is connected with the output end of the output matching network, the input end of the second input matching network and the first end of the capacitor C1, and the second end of the capacitor C1 is grounded;
the second end of the inductor L1 is connected to the input end of the third input matching network and the first end of the capacitor C2, and the second end of the capacitor C2 is grounded.
Further, the first balun structure network includes: an amplifier PA2, an amplifier PA3, an amplifier PA4, a transformer XFM1, a capacitor C3, and a capacitor C4;
the transformer XFM1 includes a primary coil Lp1 and a secondary coil Ls1 coupled to each other;
the input end of the amplifier PA2 is connected with the output end of the second input matching network, the output end of the amplifier PA2 is connected with the first end of the primary coil Lp1, the second end of the primary coil Lp1 is grounded, the first end of the secondary coil Ls1 is connected with the input end of the amplifier PA3, the output end of the amplifier PA3 is connected with the first input end of the impedance inversion network, the second end of the secondary coil Ls1 is connected with the input end of the amplifier PA4, the output end of the amplifier PA4 is connected with the second input end of the impedance inversion network, the middle tap of the secondary coil Ls1 is connected with the capacitor C3 in series and then grounded, and the capacitor C4 is connected between the input end of the amplifier PA3 and the input end of the amplifier PA4 in parallel.
Further, the impedance inverting network includes: inductance L2, inductance L3, capacitance C7, and capacitance C8;
a first end of the inductor L2 is connected with the output end of the amplifier PA3 and the first end of the capacitor C7, and a second end of the inductor L2 is connected with the first input end of the power synthesis network and the first end of the capacitor C8;
the first end of the inductor L3 is connected to the output end of the amplifier PA4 and the second end of the capacitor C7, and the second end of the inductor L3 is connected to the second input end of the power combining network and the second end of the capacitor C8.
Further, the second balun structure network includes: an amplifier PA5, an amplifier PA6, an amplifier PA7, a transformer XFM2, a capacitor C5, and a capacitor C6;
the transformer XFM2 includes a primary coil Lp2 and a secondary coil Ls2 coupled to each other;
the input end of the amplifier PA5 is connected with the output end of the third input matching network, the output end of the amplifier PA2 is connected with the first end of the primary coil Lp2, the second end of the primary coil Lp2 is grounded, the first end of the secondary coil Ls2 is connected with the input end of the amplifier PA6, the output end of the amplifier PA6 is connected with the first input end of the phase compensation network, the second end of the secondary coil Ls2 is connected with the input end of the amplifier PA7, the output end of the amplifier PA7 is connected with the second input end of the phase compensation network, the center tap of the secondary coil Ls2 is connected with the capacitor C5 in series and then grounded, and the capacitor C6 is connected between the input end of the amplifier PA6 and the input end of the amplifier PA7 in parallel.
Further, the phase compensation network comprises: inductance L4, inductance L5, capacitance C9, and capacitance C10;
a first end of the inductor L4 is connected with the output end of the amplifier PA6 and the first end of the capacitor C9, and a second end of the inductor L4 is connected with a third input end of the power synthesis network and the first end of the capacitor C10;
the first end of the inductor L5 is connected to the output end of the amplifier PA7 and the second end of the capacitor C9, and the second end of the inductor L3 is connected to the fourth input end of the power combining network and the second end of the capacitor C10.
Further, the power combining network includes: three-port autotransformer XFM3, capacitor C11, capacitor C12, and capacitor C13;
the three-port autotransformer includes a primary coil LAP1 and a secondary coil LA3 coupled to each other, and a secondary coil LA1 and a secondary coil LA2 connected in series with the secondary coil LA 3;
the first end of the primary coil LAP1 is connected with the second end of the inductor L4, and the second end of the primary coil LAP1 is connected with the second end of the inductor L5;
the first end of the secondary coil LA1 is connected to the first end of the capacitor C13, the second end of the capacitor C11 and the second end of the secondary coil LA3, the second end of the secondary coil LA1 is connected to the second end of the inductor L2 and the first end of the secondary coil LA2, the second end of the secondary coil LA2 is connected to the second end of the inductor L3, the first end of the capacitor C12, the first end of the capacitor C11 and the first end of the secondary coil LA3, and the second end of the capacitor C12 is grounded;
the second end of the capacitor C13 is an output end of the power synthesis network and is used for being connected with an external load.
According to the Doherty power amplifier, the power flowing into the carrier power amplifier network and the peak power amplifier network is automatically controlled according to the input power, the input power is in a high input power interval, the carrier power amplifier network enters a saturated amplification state, most of the input power is input into the peak power amplifier network, and the gain of the peak power amplifier is improved; meanwhile, the predistortion function is realized through a self-adaptive input power distributor with a variable power distribution ratio, so that the output power of the Doherty PA is linearized; the three-port autotransformer of the power synthesis network has lower insertion loss and smaller size, effectively improves the output power and efficiency of the Doherty PA in a high-power mode and a low-power mode, saves the chip area and reduces the cost.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a voltage synthesized Doherty PA as described in the background;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a Doherty power amplifier of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram II of a Doherty power amplifier of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an adaptive input power splitter of the Doherty power amplifier of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a three-port autotransformer of the Doherty power amplifier of the invention;
fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of the Doherty power amplifier of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 2, the Doherty power amplifier of the present invention includes: gain amplifier 100, adaptive input power splitter 200, carrier power amplifier network 300, peak power amplifier network 400, and power combining network 500; the input end of the gain amplifier 100 is connected with an input end of the adaptive input power distributor 200, the first output end of the adaptive input power distributor 200 is connected with the input end of the carrier power amplifier network 300, the second output end of the adaptive input power distributor 200 is connected with the input end of the peak power amplifier network 400, and the output ends of the carrier power amplifier network 300 and the peak power amplifier network 400 are connected with the input end of the power synthesis network 500.
Specifically, the gain amplifier 100 linearly amplifies a radio frequency input signal RFin, the adaptive input power splitter 200 splits the amplified radio frequency input signal RFin into an RF1 signal and an RF2 signal according to a certain power splitting ratio, and inputs the RF1 signal and the RF2 signal into the carrier power amplifier network 300 and the peak power amplifier network 400, the RF1 signal is amplified by the carrier power amplifier network 300, the RF2 signal is amplified by the peak power amplifier network 400, and the amplified RF1 and RF2 signals are input into the power combining network 500 for combining, and simultaneously, two paths of differential signals are converted into a single-ended output signal. The Doherty PA dynamically controls the power input to the carrier power amplifier network 300 and the peak power amplifier network 400, automatically controls the power flowing into the carrier power amplifier network 300 and the peak power amplifier network 400 according to the power input, when the Doherty PA works in a low power mode, the input power is in a low input power interval, the peak power amplifier network 400 is closed, and most of the input power is input to the carrier power amplifier network 300; when the Doherty PA works in a high power mode, the input power is in a high input power interval, the carrier power amplifier network 300 enters a saturated amplification state, and most of the input power is input into the peak power amplifier network 400, so that the gain of the peak power amplifier is improved; meanwhile, the predistortion function is realized through the adaptive input power divider 200 with a variable power division ratio, and the output power of the Doherty PA is linearized.
Preferably, in some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the carrier power amplifier network 300 includes: a second input matching network 301, a first balun structure network 302, and an impedance inversion network 303; the input end of the second input matching network 301 is connected to the first output end of the adaptive input power splitter 200, the output end of the second input matching network 301 is connected to the input end of the first balun structure network 302, the output end of the first balun structure network 302 is connected to the input end of the impedance inversion network 303, and the output end of the impedance inversion network 303 is connected to the input end of the power synthesis network 500.
Specifically, the radio frequency input signal RFin linearly amplified by the gain amplifier 100 is divided into two signals by the adaptive input power divider 200, wherein the first output signal RF1 is input to the carrier power amplifier network 300, the RF1 signal is input to the first balun structure network 302 through the second input matching network 301, and is converted into a differential signal for amplification, and then is connected to the power combining network 500 through the impedance inverting network 303.
The second input matching network 301 in the carrier power amplifier network 300 and the third input matching network 401 in the peak power amplifier network 400 are both in the prior art.
Preferably, in some embodiments, the peak power amplifier network 400 includes: a third input matching network 401, a second balun structure network 402, and a phase compensation network 403; the input end of the third input matching network 401 is connected to the second output end of the adaptive input power splitter 200, the output end of the third input matching network 401 is connected to the input end of the second balun structure network 402, the output end of the second balun structure network 402 is connected to the input end of the phase compensation network 403, and the output end of the phase compensation network 403 is connected to the input end of the power synthesis network 500.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, the radio frequency input signal RFin linearly amplified by the gain amplifier 100 is divided into two signals by the adaptive input power divider 200, wherein the second output signal RF2 is input to the peak power amplifier network 400, the RF2 signal is input to the second balun structure network 402 through the third input matching network 401, and is converted into a differential signal for amplification, and then is connected to the power combining network 500 through the phase compensation network 403.
Preferably, in some embodiments, the gain amplifier 100 comprises: a first input matching network, an amplifier PA1 and an output matching network; the input end of the first input matching network is connected with the radio frequency input signal RFin, the output end of the first input matching network is connected with the input end of the amplifier PA1, the output end of the amplifier PA1 is connected with the input end of the output matching network, and the output end of the output matching network is connected with the input end of the self-adaptive input power distributor 200.
The gain amplifier 100 linearly amplifies the radio frequency input signal RFin, wherein the first input matching network and the output matching network are of prior art, and the amplifier PA1 is the gain amplifier 100, including but not limited to a transistor. Meanwhile, the amplifiers described in the present invention include, but are not limited to, transistors.
Preferably, in some embodiments, the adaptive input power splitter 200 comprises: inductance L1, capacitance C1, and capacitance C2; the first end of the inductor L1 is connected with the output end of the output matching network, the input end of the second input matching network 301 and the first end of the capacitor C1, and the second end of the capacitor C1 is grounded; a second terminal of the inductor L1 is connected to the input terminal of the third input matching network 401 and to the first terminal of the capacitor C2, and a second terminal of the capacitor C2 is grounded.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the adaptive input power splitter 200 is formed by n-type C-L-C, and G1 and G2 are input admittances of the carrier power amplifier network 300 and the peak power amplifier network 400, respectively. The reactance of the series inductance L1 is jX0 and the reactance of the parallel capacitances C1 and C2 is jB0. The reactance value jX0 of L1 is selected (x0=2b0/(B0) 2 +G2 2 ) Converting admittance y2=g2+jb0 of the RF2 signal port to its conjugate value Y2) * ＝G2-jB0。Y2 * Admittance Y after being connected in parallel with admittance y1=g1+jb0 of RF1 signal port IN The output matching network of gain amplifier 100 will Y =g1+g2 IN And the output impedance is converted to realize the maximum power transmission of the signal. Voltage V1 of RF1 signal port and power of RF2 signal portThe amplitude of the pressure V2 is equal, and the phase difference phi 0 = -2arctan (B0/G1). The susceptance B0 of the two ports can be selected according to the requirement, and the power distribution ratio of the two ports is controlled when the Doherty PA works at the back-off output power. According to the characteristics of the power tube, the values of G1, G2 and B0 are optimized, so that more power is input into the carrier power amplifier when the Doherty PA works in a low power mode, and more power is input into the peak power amplifier when the Doherty PA works in a high power mode.
Preferably, in some embodiments, the first balun structure network 302 includes: an amplifier PA2, an amplifier PA3, an amplifier PA4, a transformer XFM1, a capacitor C3, and a capacitor C4; the transformer XFM1 includes a primary coil Lp1 and a secondary coil Ls1 coupled to each other; the input end of the amplifier PA2 is connected with the output end of the second input matching network 301, the output end of the amplifier PA2 is connected with the first end of the primary coil Lp1, the second end of the primary coil Lp1 is grounded, the first end of the secondary coil Ls1 is connected with the input end of the amplifier PA3, the output end of the amplifier PA3 is connected with the first input end of the impedance inverting network 303, the second end of the secondary coil Ls1 is connected with the input end of the amplifier PA4, the output end of the amplifier PA4 is connected with the second input end of the impedance inverting network 303, the intermediate tap of the secondary coil Ls1 is connected with the ground after being connected with the capacitor C3 in series, and the capacitor C4 is connected between the input end of the amplifier PA3 and the input end of the amplifier PA4 in parallel.
Specifically, the amplifier PA2 is a driving power amplifier, and the transformer XFM1 is a balun transformer. The RF1 signal is input to the amplifier PA2 through the second input matching network 301, and the single-ended signal amplified by the amplifier PA2 is converted into a differential signal by the transformer XFM1, and is input to the carrier differential power amplifiers PA3 and PA4 for amplification. One end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the center tap of the secondary coil Ls1 of the transformer XFM1, the other end of the capacitor C is grounded, and series resonance is formed between the capacitor C and the inductor Ls1/2, and the resonance is at the second harmonic frequency, so that the purpose of filtering the second harmonic is achieved. The capacitor C4 is connected in parallel with the input ends of the carrier differential power amplifiers PA3 and PA4, adjusts impedance matching, and transforms the input impedance of the amplifier PA3 and the input impedance of the amplifier PA4 to the optimal output power impedance of the amplifier PA 2.
Preferably, in some embodiments, the impedance inverting network 303 comprises: inductance L2, inductance L3, capacitance C7, and capacitance C8; a first end of the inductor L2 is connected with the output end of the amplifier PA3 and the first end of the capacitor C7, and a second end of the inductor L2 is connected with the first input end of the power synthesis network 500 and the first end of the capacitor C8; a first end of the inductor L3 is connected to the output end of the amplifier PA4 and the second end of the capacitor C7, and a second end of the inductor L3 is connected to the second input end of the power combining network 500 and the second end of the capacitor C8.
Specifically, the amplified RF1 signal is converted into a differential signal by the transformer XFM1, amplified by the amplifier PA3 and the amplifier PA4, and connected to the power combining network 500 via the impedance inverting network 303 composed of the capacitors C7 and C8 and the inductors L2 and L3.
Preferably, in some embodiments, the second balun structure network 402 includes: an amplifier PA5, an amplifier PA6, an amplifier PA7, a transformer XFM2, a capacitor C5, and a capacitor C6; the transformer XFM2 includes a primary coil Lp2 and a secondary coil Ls2 coupled to each other; the input end of the amplifier PA5 is connected with the output end of the third input matching network 401, the output end of the amplifier PA2 is connected with the first end of the primary coil Lp2, the second end of the primary coil Lp2 is grounded, the first end of the secondary coil Ls2 is connected with the input end of the amplifier PA6, the output end of the amplifier PA6 is connected with the first input end of the phase compensation network 403, the second end of the secondary coil Ls2 is connected with the input end of the amplifier PA7, the output end of the amplifier PA7 is connected with the second input end of the phase compensation network 403, the center tap of the secondary coil Ls2 is connected with the ground after being connected with the capacitor C5 in series, and the capacitor C6 is connected in parallel between the input end of the amplifier PA6 and the input end of the amplifier PA 7.
Specifically, the amplifier PA5 is a driving power amplifier, and the transformer XFM2 is a balun transformer. The RF2 signal is input to the amplifier PA5 through the third input matching network 401, and the single-ended signal amplified by the amplifier PA5 is converted into a differential signal by the transformer XFM2, and is input to the peak differential power amplifiers PA6 and PA7 for amplification. One end of the capacitor C5 is connected with the center tap of the secondary coil Ls2 of the transformer XFM2, the other end of the capacitor C is grounded, and series resonance is formed between the capacitor C and the inductor Ls2/2, and the resonance is at the second harmonic frequency, so that the purpose of filtering the second harmonic is achieved. The capacitor C6 is connected in parallel with the input ends of the peak differential power amplifier PA6 and the peak differential power amplifier PA7, adjusts impedance matching, and transforms the input impedance of the amplifier PA6 and the input impedance of the amplifier PA7 to the optimal output power impedance of the amplifier PA 5.
Preferably, in some embodiments, the phase compensation network 403 comprises: inductance L4, inductance L5, capacitance C9, and capacitance C10; a first end of the inductor L4 is connected with the output end of the amplifier PA6 and the first end of the capacitor C9, and a second end of the inductor L4 is connected with the third input end of the power synthesis network 500 and the first end of the capacitor C10; a first terminal of the inductor L5 is connected to the output terminal of the amplifier PA7 and the second terminal of the capacitor C9, and a second terminal of the inductor L3 is connected to the fourth input terminal of the power combining network 500 and the second terminal of the capacitor C10.
Specifically, the amplified RF2 signal is converted into a differential signal by the transformer XFM2, amplified by the amplifier PA6 and the amplifier PA7, and connected to the power combining network 500 through the phase compensation network 403 composed of the capacitors C9, C10 and the inductors L4, L5.
Preferably, in some embodiments, the power combining network 500 comprises: three-port autotransformer XFM3, capacitor C11, capacitor C12, and capacitor C13; the three-port autotransformer comprises a primary coil LAP1 and a secondary coil LA3 which are coupled with each other, and a secondary coil LA1 and a secondary coil LA2 which are connected in series with the secondary coil LA 3; the first end of the primary coil LAP1 is connected with the second end of the inductor L4, and the second end of the primary coil LAP1 is connected with the second end of the inductor L5; the first end of the secondary coil LA1 is connected with the first end of the capacitor C13, the second end of the capacitor C11 and the second end of the secondary coil LA3, the second end of the secondary coil LA1 is connected with the second end of the inductor L2 and the first end of the secondary coil LA2, the second end of the secondary coil LA2 is connected with the second end of the inductor L3, the first end of the capacitor C12, the first end of the capacitor C11 and the first end of the secondary coil LA3, and the second end of the capacitor C12 is grounded; the second terminal of the capacitor C13 is an output terminal of the power combining network 500, and is used for connecting an external load.
Specifically, the power combining network 500 is a current combining power combining network 500, and the output signals of the carrier power amplifier network 300 and the peak power amplifier network 400 complete in-phase power combining in the power combining network 500, and simultaneously convert two paths of differential signals into single-ended output signals. The three-port autotransformer XFM3 is composed of a primary winding LAP1, and a secondary winding LA1, a secondary winding LA2, and a secondary winding LA3, which are sequentially connected in series. The primary coil LAP1 and the secondary coil LA3 are coupled to each other, and the secondary coil LA1 and the secondary coil LA2 are common coils. The structure of the three-Port autotransformer XFM3 is shown in fig. 5, the three-Port autotransformer XFM3 has 3 ports in total, port1 is a connection Port of the autotransformer common winding LA2, port2 is a connection Port of the autotransformer primary winding LAP1, and Port3 is a connection Port of the autotransformer secondary winding la1+la2+la3. The Port1 Port parallel capacitor C8, the Port2 Port parallel capacitor C10, the capacitor C11 and the secondary coil LA3 are connected in parallel, and the three capacitors play a role in adjusting impedance, so that the impedance of the output signal of the carrier power amplifier network 300 seen by the Port1 through the impedance inverting network 303 is the optimal output power impedance Ropt of the carrier power amplifier network 300, and the impedance of the output end of the peak power amplifier network 400 is also the optimal output power impedance Ropt thereof. The carrier power amplifier (PA 3 and PA 4) and the peak power amplifier (PA 6 and PA 7) are the same in size and the optimal output power impedance is the same. The capacitor C13 is a blocking capacitor, the capacitor C13 is grounded after being connected with the load RL, and the capacitor C13 blocks the direct current signal in the output signal and flows into the load RL and the ground. Compared with a magnetic coupling transformer with the same capacity, the three-port autotransformer XFM3 has lower insertion loss and smaller size, and effectively improves the output power and the efficiency of the Doherty PA in a high-power mode and a low-power mode.
The Doherty power amplifier has the following beneficial effects: according to the Doherty power amplifier, the power flowing into the carrier power amplifier network 300 and the peak power amplifier network 400 is automatically controlled according to the input power, the input power is in a high input power interval, the carrier power amplifier network 300 enters a saturated amplification state, most of the input power is input into the peak power amplifier network 400, and the gain of the peak power amplifier is improved; meanwhile, the predistortion function is realized through the adaptive input power distributor 200 with a variable power distribution ratio, so that the output power of the Doherty PA is linearized; the three-port autotransformer of the power combining network 500 has lower insertion loss and smaller size, effectively improves the output power and efficiency of the Doherty PA in the high-power mode and the low-power mode, saves the chip area, and reduces the cost.
What is not described in detail in this specification is prior art known to those skilled in the art.
The above embodiments are provided to illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the same according to the content of the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made with the scope of the claims should be covered by the claims.
It will be understood that modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description, and it is intended that all such modifications and variations be included within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. A Doherty power amplifier, comprising: the system comprises a gain amplifier, a self-adaptive input power distributor, a carrier power amplification network, a peak power amplification network and a power synthesis network;
the input end of the gain amplifier is connected with a radio frequency input signal, the output end of the gain amplifier is connected with the input end of the self-adaptive input power distributor, the first output end of the self-adaptive input power distributor is connected with the input end of the carrier power amplification network, the second output end of the self-adaptive input power distributor is connected with the input end of the peak power amplification network, and the output ends of the carrier power amplification network and the peak power amplification network are connected with the input end of the power synthesis network.
2. The Doherty power amplifier of claim 1 wherein the carrier power amplifier network comprises: the second input matching network, the first balun structure network and the impedance inversion network;
the input end of the second input matching network is connected with the first output end of the self-adaptive input power distributor, the output end of the second input matching network is connected with the input end of the first balun structure network, the output end of the first balun structure network is connected with the input end of the impedance inversion network, and the output end of the impedance inversion network is connected with the input end of the power synthesis network.
3. The Doherty power amplifier of claim 2 wherein the peak power amplifier network comprises: the third input matching network, the second balun structure network and the phase compensation network;
the input end of the third input matching network is connected with the second output end of the self-adaptive input power distributor, the output end of the third input matching network is connected with the input end of the second balun structure network, the output end of the second balun structure network is connected with the input end of the phase compensation network, and the output end of the phase compensation network is connected with the input end of the power synthesis network.
4. The Doherty power amplifier of claim 3 wherein the gain amplifier comprises: the input end of the first input matching network is connected with the radio frequency input signal, the output end of the first input matching network is connected with the input end of the amplifier PA1, the output end of the amplifier PA1 is connected with the input end of the output matching network, and the output end of the output matching network is connected with the input end of the self-adaptive input power distributor.
5. The Doherty power amplifier of claim 4 wherein the adaptive input power splitter comprises: inductance L1, capacitance C1, and capacitance C2;
the first end of the inductor L1 is connected with the output end of the output matching network, the input end of the second input matching network and the first end of the capacitor C1, and the second end of the capacitor C1 is grounded;
the second end of the inductor L1 is connected to the input end of the third input matching network and the first end of the capacitor C2, and the second end of the capacitor C2 is grounded.
6. The Doherty power amplifier of claim 5 wherein the first balun structure network comprises: an amplifier PA2, an amplifier PA3, an amplifier PA4, a transformer XFM1, a capacitor C3, and a capacitor C4;
the transformer XFM1 includes a primary coil Lp1 and a secondary coil Ls1 coupled to each other;
the input end of the amplifier PA2 is connected with the output end of the second input matching network, the output end of the amplifier PA2 is connected with the first end of the primary coil Lp1, the second end of the primary coil Lp1 is grounded, the first end of the secondary coil Ls1 is connected with the input end of the amplifier PA3, the output end of the amplifier PA3 is connected with the first input end of the impedance inversion network, the second end of the secondary coil Ls1 is connected with the input end of the amplifier PA4, the output end of the amplifier PA4 is connected with the second input end of the impedance inversion network, the middle tap of the secondary coil Ls1 is connected with the capacitor C3 in series and then grounded, and the capacitor C4 is connected between the input end of the amplifier PA3 and the input end of the amplifier PA4 in parallel.
7. The Doherty power amplifier of claim 6 wherein the impedance inverting network comprises: inductance L2, inductance L3, capacitance C7, and capacitance C8;
a first end of the inductor L2 is connected with the output end of the amplifier PA3 and the first end of the capacitor C7, and a second end of the inductor L2 is connected with the first input end of the power synthesis network and the first end of the capacitor C8;
the first end of the inductor L3 is connected to the output end of the amplifier PA4 and the second end of the capacitor C7, and the second end of the inductor L3 is connected to the second input end of the power combining network and the second end of the capacitor C8.
8. The Doherty power amplifier of claim 7 wherein the second balun structure network comprises: an amplifier PA5, an amplifier PA6, an amplifier PA7, a transformer XFM2, a capacitor C5, and a capacitor C6;
the transformer XFM2 includes a primary coil Lp2 and a secondary coil Ls2 coupled to each other;
the input end of the amplifier PA5 is connected with the output end of the third input matching network, the output end of the amplifier PA2 is connected with the first end of the primary coil Lp2, the second end of the primary coil Lp2 is grounded, the first end of the secondary coil Ls2 is connected with the input end of the amplifier PA6, the output end of the amplifier PA6 is connected with the first input end of the phase compensation network, the second end of the secondary coil Ls2 is connected with the input end of the amplifier PA7, the output end of the amplifier PA7 is connected with the second input end of the phase compensation network, the center tap of the secondary coil Ls2 is connected with the capacitor C5 in series and then grounded, and the capacitor C6 is connected between the input end of the amplifier PA6 and the input end of the amplifier PA7 in parallel.
9. The Doherty power amplifier of claim 8 wherein the phase compensation network comprises: inductance L4, inductance L5, capacitance C9, and capacitance C10;
a first end of the inductor L4 is connected with the output end of the amplifier PA6 and the first end of the capacitor C9, and a second end of the inductor L4 is connected with a third input end of the power synthesis network and the first end of the capacitor C10;
the first end of the inductor L5 is connected to the output end of the amplifier PA7 and the second end of the capacitor C9, and the second end of the inductor L3 is connected to the fourth input end of the power combining network and the second end of the capacitor C10.
10. The Doherty power amplifier of claim 9 wherein the power combining network comprises: three-port autotransformer XFM3, capacitor C11, capacitor C12, and capacitor C13;
the three-port autotransformer includes a primary coil LAP1 and a secondary coil LA3 coupled to each other, and a secondary coil LA1 and a secondary coil LA2 connected in series with the secondary coil LA 3;
the first end of the primary coil LAP1 is connected with the second end of the inductor L4, and the second end of the primary coil LAP1 is connected with the second end of the inductor L5;
the first end of the secondary coil LA1 is connected to the first end of the capacitor C13, the second end of the capacitor C11 and the second end of the secondary coil LA3, the second end of the secondary coil LA1 is connected to the second end of the inductor L2 and the first end of the secondary coil LA2, the second end of the secondary coil LA2 is connected to the second end of the inductor L3, the first end of the capacitor C12, the first end of the capacitor C11 and the first end of the secondary coil LA3, and the second end of the capacitor C12 is grounded;
the second end of the capacitor C13 is an output end of the power synthesis network and is used for being connected with an external load.
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