CN117293560B - Ultra-wideband dual polarized lens antenna - Google Patents
Ultra-wideband dual polarized lens antenna Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
- H01Q15/08—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism formed of solid dielectric material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of antennas and provides an ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna, which comprises a microstrip radiator, a metal back cavity, a microstrip feed balun and a dielectric lens, wherein the microstrip radiator is a four-arm sine antenna, and the tail end of each radiation arm of the microstrip radiator is a zigzag curve; the metal back cavity is arranged at one side of the microstrip radiator and is used for generating unidirectional radiation; the microstrip feed balun is arranged in the metal back cavity, one end of the microstrip feed balun is connected with the microstrip radiator, and the other end of the microstrip feed balun is connected with the coaxial connector; the dielectric lens is arranged on one side of the microstrip radiator far away from the metal back cavity. According to the ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna, the tail end of the radiating arm is a zigzag curve, the low-frequency radiation characteristic of the antenna is improved, the antenna frequency band is expanded to low frequency, the dielectric lens is added in front of the microstrip radiator, the antenna can have focused beam pointing direction and higher gain in a wide frequency band, and the ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna has the characteristics of wide frequency band, small size and higher single antenna gain.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna.
Background
With the development of antenna technology, the field of antenna application is becoming more and more widespread. Aiming at special application fields such as special communication, radar detection, broadband test and the like, an ultra-wideband antenna with broadband performance, high gain and miniaturization is gaining more and more attention.
In the related art, the ultra-wideband antenna includes a back cavity sinusoidal antenna. The sine antenna has non-frequency-variable characteristics, can provide a wide working frequency band in a low-profile structure, and can realize dual polarization; in order to obtain unidirectional radiation characteristics and improve antenna efficiency, a reflecting cavity is loaded on the back of the sinusoidal antenna, so that a back cavity sinusoidal antenna is formed.
However, in order to expand the antenna bandwidth to lower frequencies, it is necessary to increase the size of the antenna radiator and introduce an additional design to maintain impedance matching, or to increase the loss of impedance matching, resulting in severely degraded sensitivity over the expansion band. Meanwhile, the reflecting cavity belongs to a resonant device, so that the working frequency band of the antenna is narrowed, the antenna performance is rapidly deteriorated due to the reflection of the side wall of the reflecting cavity, and the antenna gain is smaller. Therefore, the conventional back cavity sinusoidal antenna is difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of high gain and miniaturization in ultra-wideband, and is insufficient to meet the requirements of the special ultra-wideband application field.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide an ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna for the problem that the conventional back cavity sinusoidal antenna is difficult to simultaneously satisfy high gain and miniaturization in ultra-wideband.
An ultra-wideband dual polarized lens antenna, comprising:
the microstrip radiator is a four-arm sine antenna, and the tail end of each radiating arm of the microstrip radiator is a zigzag curve;
the metal back cavity is arranged on one side of the microstrip radiator and is used for generating unidirectional radiation;
the microstrip feed balun is arranged in the metal back cavity, one end of the microstrip feed balun is connected with the microstrip radiator, and the other end of the microstrip feed balun is connected with a coaxial connector; and
and the dielectric lens is arranged on one side of the microstrip radiator, which is far away from the metal back cavity.
In one embodiment, the end is a wavy line, a zigzag line, or a combination of wavy and zigzag lines.
In one embodiment, the metal back cavity comprises a metal cavity, a fixing piece and a wave absorbing piece, the microstrip radiator is fixedly installed at the top of the metal cavity, the fixing piece is fixedly arranged at the bottom in the metal cavity, the microstrip feed balun is fixedly installed at the fixing piece, the wave absorbing piece is fixedly arranged at the bottom in the metal cavity, and the wave absorbing piece is made of wave absorbing materials.
In one embodiment, the fixing member is a metal material member, and the outer diameter of the fixing member gradually decreases from the bottom end to the top end.
In one embodiment, the wave absorbing member is disposed between the outer periphery of the fixing member and the inner peripheral wall of the metal cavity in a surrounding manner, the outer peripheral wall of the wave absorbing member is disposed in a fitting manner with the inner peripheral wall of the metal cavity, the inner ring side of the wave absorbing member is a conical surface with an inner diameter gradually increasing from the bottom end to the top end, and the inner diameter of the bottom end of the wave absorbing member is the same as the outer diameter of the bottom end of the fixing member.
In one embodiment, the wave absorbing member includes a plurality of layers of wave absorbing bodies stacked in a bottom-to-top direction, and the wave absorbing materials of the plurality of layers of wave absorbing bodies are different.
In one embodiment, the metal back cavity further comprises an insulating support member, the microstrip feed balun is inserted into the fixing member, and the further support member is inserted between the microstrip feed balun and the fixing member.
In one embodiment, the dielectric lens is in a plate-shaped structure, the dielectric lens comprises a plurality of layers of dielectric bodies which are nested layer by layer from the center to the outside, and the dielectric constants of the plurality of layers of dielectric bodies are gradually decreased layer by layer from the center to the outside.
In one embodiment, the multiple layers of the dielectric body are polytetrafluoroethylene sheet products.
In one embodiment, the ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna further comprises a supporting cylinder, wherein the supporting cylinder is a cylinder body with two open ends, one end of the supporting cylinder is connected with the metal back cavity, the other end of the supporting cylinder is connected with the dielectric lens, and the supporting cylinder is made of insulating materials.
According to the ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna, the microstrip radiator is the four-arm sine antenna, so that a wide working frequency band can be provided in a low-profile structure, dual polarization can be realized, the tail end of each radiating arm is a zigzag curve, the length of a current path on the radiating arm is effectively increased, the frequency band of the antenna is expanded towards low frequency, the low-frequency radiation characteristic of the antenna is improved, the antenna has wider bandwidth, the size of the microstrip radiator does not need to be increased, and the size of the antenna is reduced; meanwhile, the dielectric lens is added in front of the microstrip radiator, so that the antenna can have focused beam direction and higher gain in a wide frequency band, the ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna has the characteristics of wide frequency band and small size, and has higher single-antenna gain, and the requirements of dual polarization, higher gain and miniaturization in the ultra-wide band can be met simultaneously aiming at special application fields such as specific communication, radar detection and wide-band test, so that the problem that the traditional back cavity sine antenna is difficult to meet the requirements of higher gain and miniaturization in the ultra-wide band simultaneously is effectively solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of an ultra wideband dual polarized lens antenna according to some embodiments of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a front view of an ultra wideband dual polarized lens antenna according to some embodiments of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an ultra wideband dual polarized lens antenna according to some embodiments of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a microstrip radiator according to some embodiments of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a standing wave plot of an ultra wideband dual polarized lens antenna according to some embodiments of the present application.
Fig. 6 is a V-plane directional diagram of an ultra wideband dual polarized lens antenna according to some embodiments of the present application.
Fig. 7 is a graph of gain for an ultra wideband dual polarized lens antenna according to some embodiments of the present application.
Reference numerals:
100. ultra-wideband dual polarized lens antenna; 1. a microstrip radiator; 11. a radiating arm; 111. a terminal end; 112. bending the bending part; 2. a metal back cavity; 21. a metal cavity; 22. a fixing member; 23. a wave absorbing member; 231. a wave absorber; 24. an insulating support; 3. microstrip feed balun; 4. a dielectric lens; 41. a first dielectric body; 42. a second dielectric body; 43. a third dielectric body; 44. a fourth dielectric body; 45. a fifth dielectric body; 46. a sixth dielectric body; 5. a coaxial connector; 6. and a supporting cylinder.
Detailed Description
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. This application is, however, susceptible of embodiment in many other forms than those described herein and similar modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the application, and therefore the application is not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "transverse," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be configured and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the description of the present application, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly unless otherwise specifically indicated and defined. For example, the two parts can be fixedly connected, detachably connected or integrated; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
In the description of the present application, unless expressly specified and limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" on a second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact via an intermediary. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
It is noted that an element is referred to as being "fixed" or "disposed" on another element, and may be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. One element is considered to be "connected" to another element, which may be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiment.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, an ultra wideband dual polarized lens antenna 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application includes a microstrip radiator 1, a metal back cavity 2, a microstrip feed balun 3 and a dielectric lens 4, wherein the microstrip radiator 1 is a four-arm sinusoidal antenna, and a tail end 111 of each radiating arm 11 of the microstrip radiator 1 is a meandering curve; the metal back cavity 2 is arranged on one side of the microstrip radiator 1 and is used for generating unidirectional radiation; the microstrip feed balun 3 is arranged in the metal back cavity 2, one end of the microstrip feed balun is connected with the microstrip radiator 1, and the other end of the microstrip feed balun is connected with the coaxial connector 5; the dielectric lens 4 is arranged on the side of the microstrip radiator 1 away from the metal back cavity 2.
In the present embodiment, the microstrip radiator 1 is used for radiating antenna waves, and both sides of the microstrip radiator 1 are radiated, that is, radiation energy is bidirectional. The microstrip radiator 1 adopts a sine antenna structure, the sine antenna structure belongs to a quasi-logarithmic periodic structure with independent frequency, and the radiation mechanism is similar to a logarithmic periodic antenna, so that the microstrip radiator has obvious ultra-wideband characteristics. In particular, a sinusoidal antenna belongs to a non-frequency-variable antenna, and the impedance characteristic and directional performance of the non-frequency-variable antenna are kept unchanged or slightly changed in a wider frequency range, i.e., stable impedance characteristic and good pattern characteristic are exhibited in an extremely wide frequency band, and thus ultra-wideband characteristic is exhibited. As shown in fig. 4, the basic composition of the sinusoidal antenna is sinusoidal, and can be formed by a proper rotation of the basic sinusoidal curve; the radiation arm 11 of the sine antenna comprises a plurality of sections of sine curves, and the sections of sine curves are connected into a whole by turning back and forth and turning back and forth at a certain angle from the feed center of the sine antenna to form a non-closed structure; the number of radiating arms 11 of the sinusoidal antenna may be two, four or eight etc. In the present application, the microstrip radiator 1 includes two pairs of radiating arms 11 with central symmetry, the feed point is located at the center of the microstrip radiator 1, and four radiating arms 11 extend outwards from the central feed point of the microstrip radiator 1 to form a four-arm sinusoidal antenna.
The metal back cavity 2 is arranged on one side of the microstrip radiator 1 and is used for enabling the microstrip radiator 1 to generate directional radiation facing away from one side of the metal back cavity 2, so that the ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna 100 can obtain unidirectional radiation, and the antenna efficiency is improved; meanwhile, the metal back cavity 2 is also used for fixedly mounting the microstrip feed balun 3 and the microstrip radiator 1, so that all the components are easier to fix, and the reliability of the antenna system is enhanced.
The microstrip feed balun 3 is used for feeding the microstrip radiator 1, the microstrip feed balun 3 is connected with the microstrip radiator 1 and the coaxial connector 5, and the coaxial connector 5 is used for connecting a coaxial cable. When the coaxial cable is used for feeding, current can be balanced through the microstrip feed balun 3, unbalanced feeding is converted into balanced double-wire feeding, impedance transformation is realized, and good matching of antenna impedance is realized.
Specifically, the microstrip feed balun 3 employs two sets of microstrip balun to feed two pairs of opposing radiating arms 11, respectively. When the first pair of opposed radiating arms 11 are fed differentially, the sinusoidal antenna radiates a linear polarization; when the second pair of opposite radiating arms 11 is fed differentially, the sinusoidal antenna radiates a linear polarization orthogonal to the radiation from the first pair of radiating arms 11, so that the sinusoidal antenna can output two orthogonal linear polarized beams simultaneously, and thus can form a left-hand or right-hand circular polarization characteristic, i.e., a dual circular polarized sinusoidal antenna. Therefore, the dual-polarized symmetrical four-arm sine antenna can provide a wide working frequency band in a low-profile structure, can realize dual polarization, and has the characteristics of planarization, wide frequency band, full polarization and single aperture.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the end 111 of the radiating arm 11 refers to a terminal sine curve located at the outermost side of the microstrip radiator 1; "tortuosity" refers to the direction of extension of the end sinusoid having a plurality of curved bends 112 so that the current has a longer path length as it passes through the end sinusoid. The tail end 111 of each radiating arm 11 of the microstrip radiator 1 is a zigzag curve, so that the length of a current path on the radiating arm 11 can be effectively increased, the antenna frequency band is expanded to low frequency, the low-frequency radiation characteristic of the four-arm sine antenna is improved, the size of the microstrip radiator 1 is not required to be increased, the impedance matching loss is not required to be increased, and the performance deterioration of the antenna is avoided.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the dielectric lens 4 has a beam condensing function; the dielectric lens 4 is arranged on one side of the microstrip radiator 1 far away from the metal back cavity 2, that is, the dielectric lens 4 is added in front of the microstrip radiator 1 along the radiation direction of the antenna, so that the antenna beam can be more focused in ultra-wideband, and the single-antenna gain can be effectively improved. Specifically, the focus of the dielectric lens 4 is located at the phase center of the microstrip radiator 1.
According to the ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna 100 of the embodiment, the microstrip radiator 1 is a four-arm sine antenna, so that a wide working frequency band can be provided in a low-profile structure, dual polarization can be realized, the tail end 111 of each radiating arm 11 is a zigzag curve, the length of a current path on the radiating arm 11 is effectively increased, the antenna frequency band is expanded towards low frequency, the low-frequency radiation characteristic of the antenna is improved, the antenna has a wider bandwidth, the size of the microstrip radiator 1 is not required to be increased, and the size of the antenna is reduced; meanwhile, the dielectric lens 4 is added in front of the microstrip radiator 1, so that the antenna can have focused beam direction and higher gain in a wide frequency band, the ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna 100 has the characteristics of wide frequency band and small size, and has higher single-antenna gain, and the requirements of dual polarization, higher gain and miniaturization in the ultra-wideband can be met simultaneously for special application fields such as specific communication, radar detection, wide-frequency band test and the like, and the problem that the traditional back cavity sine antenna is difficult to meet the requirements of higher gain and miniaturization in the ultra-wideband simultaneously is effectively solved.
In some embodiments, the ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna 100 is based on a traditional quadrifilar antenna, and based on an end meandering method, the traditional curved antenna arm is improved, the low-frequency radiation characteristic of the quadrifilar antenna is improved, the bandwidth of the antenna is expanded towards lower frequency, and meanwhile, the antenna can have focused beam direction and higher gain in a wide frequency band of 1.5GHz-18GHz by arranging the dielectric lens 4. I.e., the ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna 100 operates in the frequency band of 1.5GHz-18GHz.
In some embodiments, the microstrip radiator 1 and the microstrip feed balun 3 are both printed by microstrip plates, so that the processing precision is high and the consistency is good.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, the tip 111 is a wavy line, a zigzag line, or a combination of wavy and zigzag lines.
In this embodiment, the wavy line refers to an extending direction along the end section of the sinusoidal curve, and the two sides of the curve are provided with a plurality of bending and bending parts 112, so as to form wavy bending and extending, and the bending and bending parts 112 of the wavy line are arc-shaped protrusions or arc-shaped grooves. The zigzag line is an extension direction along the end section sinusoidal curve, at least one side of the curve is provided with a plurality of bending parts 112, zigzag bending extension is formed, and the bending parts 112 of the zigzag line are angular protrusions. The end 111 of the radiation arm 11 may be a zigzag line, a wavy line, or a combination of a wavy line and a zigzag line, that is, a part of the line segments of the end 111 are wavy lines and a part of the line segments are zigzag lines.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the metal back cavity 2 includes a metal cavity 21, a fixing member 22 and a wave absorbing member 23, the microstrip radiator 1 is fixedly installed at the top of the metal cavity 21, the fixing member 22 is fixedly disposed at the bottom of the metal cavity 21, the microstrip feed balun 3 is fixedly installed at the fixing member 22, the wave absorbing member 23 is fixedly disposed at the bottom of the metal cavity 21, and the wave absorbing member 23 is a wave absorbing material member.
In this embodiment, the metal cavity 21 is used for fixedly mounting the microstrip radiator 1, the metal cavity 21 is internally provided with a cavity, the top of the metal cavity 21 is provided with an opening, and the bottom is closed, the microstrip radiator 1 is fixedly mounted on the top of the metal cavity 21, so that electromagnetic waves radiated by the microstrip radiator 1 towards the bottom of the metal cavity 21 (i.e. backward radiation) are blocked, thereby generating directional radiation (i.e. forward radiation) towards the direction of the dielectric lens 4, and realizing the unidirectional radiation characteristic of the ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna 100; meanwhile, the wave absorbing member 23 is fixedly arranged at the bottom in the metal cavity 21, the wave absorbing member 23 is made of wave absorbing material, the wave absorbing material can absorb or greatly weaken electromagnetic wave energy received by the surface, the wave absorbing member 23 is used for absorbing electromagnetic waves of backward radiation, generation of cavity resonance is restrained, interference of the backward radiation on forward radiation is reduced, and good unidirectional radiation performance is obtained. The fixing piece 22 is used for integrally installing and fixing the microstrip feed balun 3 and the antenna matching impedance, and the metal back cavity 2 effectively realizes better matching of unidirectional radiation characteristics and antenna impedance.
Specifically, the metal cavity 21 is a metal material, for example, aluminum, copper, steel, or the like.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the fixing member 22 is a metal material member, and the outer diameter of the fixing member 22 gradually decreases from the bottom to the top.
In the present embodiment, the metal material may be aluminum, copper, steel, or the like; the bottom end of the fixing member 22 is connected to the bottom end of the metal cavity 21, and the top end of the fixing member 22 is near the top end of the metal cavity 21. Through setting up mounting 22 for the metallic material finished piece, mounting 22 can play the reflection effect, can outwards reflect the electromagnetic wave that will radiate into in the metal chamber 21 to mounting 22 can occupy the space of partly absorbing member 23, thereby reduces absorbing member 23's size, and then reduces electromagnetic wave energy absorption, synthesizes the effect of both and can reduce antenna efficiency's loss. By arranging the fixing piece 22 with the outer diameter gradually reduced from the bottom end to the top end, the fixing piece 22 is in a conical table shape, the peripheral wall of the fixing piece 22 is a conical surface, so that the distance from the radiation surface of the microstrip radiator 1 to the metal bottom surface (namely, the bottom in the metal cavity 21 or the peripheral wall of the fixing piece 22) is changed, the distance from the radiation surface of the microstrip radiator 1 to the metal bottom surface is in a gradual change state, the frequency change of the radiation electromagnetic wave from the center of the microstrip radiator 1 to the periphery is adapted, impedance matching of different frequency bands is facilitated in electrical performance, impedance matching of the whole frequency band is improved, and good matching of antenna impedance is facilitated; and the fixing effect of the metal frustum-shaped fixing piece 22 on the microstrip feed balun 3 is better and more stable.
Alternatively, the fixing member 22 has a truncated cone shape.
Optionally, the fixing piece 22 is fixedly connected with the bottom in the metal cavity 21 through a screw, so that the reliability of the whole structure is good.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the wave absorbing member 23 is disposed around the outer periphery of the fixing member 22 and the inner peripheral wall of the metal cavity 21, the outer peripheral wall of the wave absorbing member 23 is attached to the inner peripheral wall of the metal cavity 21, the inner ring side of the wave absorbing member 23 is a conical surface with the inner diameter gradually increasing from bottom to top, and the inner diameter of the bottom end of the wave absorbing member 23 is the same as the outer diameter of the bottom end of the fixing member 22.
In this embodiment, the bottom end of the wave-absorbing member 23 is an end connected to the bottom of the metal cavity 21, and the top end of the wave-absorbing member 23 is an end near the top of the metal cavity 21; the bottom end of the fixing member 22 is an end connected to the bottom of the metal cavity 21. The bottom end inner diameter of the wave-absorbing member 23 is the same as the bottom end outer diameter of the fixing member 22, so that the inner ring bottom end of the wave-absorbing member 23 is connected to the outer peripheral wall of the fixing member 22. By setting the inner ring side of the wave absorbing member 23 as a conical surface, a space is reserved between the wave absorbing member 23 and the outer peripheral wall of the fixing member 22, and the space distance is gradually increased from the bottom end to the top end of the wave absorbing member 23, on one hand, the gradual change shape of the wave absorbing member 23 is adapted to the frequency change of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the center to the outer periphery of the microstrip radiator 1, the effect of absorbing electromagnetic wave energy is better, the fixing member 22 is convenient to reflect the electromagnetic wave and improve the impedance matching of the antenna, and the unidirectional radiation performance of the antenna is ensured; on the other hand, the wave-absorbing material does not fill the whole metal cavity 21, and the wave-absorbing material has nonuniform thickness from inside to outside, so that the structure can obviously reduce the absorption of backward radiation electromagnetic waves, avoid the great attenuation of radiation energy, reduce the efficiency loss of the antenna, inhibit the cavity resonance, save the wave-absorbing material and reduce the cost.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the wave absorbing member 23 includes a plurality of layers of wave absorbing bodies 231 stacked in a bottom-to-top direction, and the wave absorbing materials of the plurality of layers of wave absorbing bodies 231 are different. The wave absorbing member 23 adopts a multi-layer structure, and is provided with a plurality of wave absorbing materials, and the plurality of wave absorbing materials can absorb electromagnetic wave energy with a plurality of frequencies, so that the wave absorbing member can effectively absorb electromagnetic wave energy with a broadband frequency, and is beneficial to obtaining good unidirectional radiation performance.
Alternatively, the wave-absorbing material of the multilayer wave-absorbing body 231 includes a plurality of carbon-based wave-absorbing materials, iron-based wave-absorbing materials, ceramic-based wave-absorbing materials, and other types of wave-absorbing materials. For example, the carbon-based wave-absorbing material may be graphite, graphene, carbon black, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, or the like; the iron-based wave absorbing material can be ferrite, magnetic iron nano material and the like; the ceramic wave absorbing material may be silicon carbide or the like; other types of wave-absorbing materials may be conductive polymers, chiral materials (left-handed materials), plasma materials, etc. Specifically, the wave absorbing material of the wave absorber 231 may be selected correspondingly according to the electromagnetic wave frequency band to be absorbed.
Optionally, the wave absorbing member 23 is firmly bonded in the metal cavity 21 by epoxy glue, and the overall structure is good in reliability.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the metal back cavity 2 further includes an insulating support 24, the microstrip feed balun 3 is inserted into the fixing member 22, and the insulating support 24 is embedded between the microstrip feed balun 3 and the fixing member 22.
In this embodiment, the insulating support 24 is disposed in the fixing member 22, the insulating support 24 is used for supporting two sides of the microstrip feed balun 3 so as to tightly mount the microstrip feed balun 3 in the fixing member 22, and meanwhile, the insulating support 24 separates the microstrip feed balun 3 from the fixing member 22 of the metal cone, so as to play a role in isolation, prevent the microstrip feed balun 3 from contacting the metal cone to cause a short circuit, and ensure the stability of transmission of the microstrip feed balun 3.
Optionally, the material of the insulating support 24 comprises one of foam, nylon (polyamide), ABS plastic (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene plastic ) and FR4 epoxy fiberglass board.
Optionally, the microstrip feed balun 3 is fixed on the metal cavity 21 by epoxy glue and a fixing piece 22, so that the structural strength of the antenna is ensured.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the dielectric lens 4 has a plate-like structure, and the dielectric lens 4 includes a plurality of dielectric bodies nested layer by layer from the center to the outside, and the dielectric constants of the plurality of dielectric bodies decrease layer by layer from the center to the outside.
In this embodiment, the dielectric lens 4 is specially designed, the dielectric plates are formed by nesting multiple layers of dielectric bodies from the center to the outside layer by layer, the dielectric bodies are made of dielectric materials, the dielectric constants of the dielectric bodies gradually decrease from the center to the outside layer by layer, and the dielectric constants smoothly transition to an external air layer, so that the dielectric lens 4 with a plate-shaped structure is formed, compared with the traditional lens, the cross-section height is effectively reduced, the dielectric lens has the advantage of low cross section, and the processing technology of the plate-shaped structure is relatively simple and the processing is easier; in the aspect of electrical performance, the focusing effect of the dielectric lens 4 with the plate-shaped structure is equivalent to that of a traditional lens, the plate-shaped structure also has the function of reducing sidelobe level, the focusing effect of the dielectric lens 4 on a wave beam is better, and the antenna gain can be effectively improved; in addition, the dielectric lens 4 with the plate-shaped structure has the advantages of light weight and easy conformality, and has wider application range.
Specifically, "multilayer" means at least three layers, and may be, for example, three layers, four layers, five layers, six layers, and the like. The larger the number of dielectric layers of the dielectric lens 4, the smaller the interval value of the gradual change of the dielectric constant, the more continuous the change of the dielectric constant, and the better the effect.
In some embodiments, the multilaminate bodies are polytetrafluoroethylene sheet.
In this embodiment, the dielectric body is a sheet of dielectric material. The dielectric body is made of dielectric material plates, so that the processing is easier, and the cost is reduced. Specifically, the dielectric material is polytetrafluoroethylene, the dielectric constant is 2.2-2.7, the electrical and mechanical properties of the material are stable, the material has good wave transmission characteristics and low loss, and the material is very suitable for manufacturing dielectric lenses. Wherein, the multilayer dielectric bodies are polytetrafluoroethylene dielectric bodies, and different polytetrafluoroethylene dielectric bodies have different effective dielectric constants by means of opening holes, foaming and the like, so that the effective dielectric constants of the multilayer dielectric bodies gradually decrease from the center to the outside layer by layer.
In one embodiment, the dielectric lens 4 includes a first dielectric body 41, a second dielectric body 42, a third dielectric body 43, a fourth dielectric body 44, a fifth dielectric body 45, and a sixth dielectric body 46 nested from the inner layer to the outer layer, and the first dielectric body 41, the second dielectric body 42, the third dielectric body 43, the fourth dielectric body 44, the fifth dielectric body 45, and the sixth dielectric body 46 are polytetrafluoroethylene dielectric bodies. By adopting the dielectric lens 4, the ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna 100 can have focused beam direction and higher gain in a wide frequency band of 1.5GHz-18GHz.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna 100 further includes a supporting cylinder 6, where the supporting cylinder 6 is a cylinder with two open ends, one end of the supporting cylinder 6 is connected to the metal back cavity 2, the other end of the supporting cylinder 6 is connected to the dielectric lens 4, and the supporting cylinder 6 is made of an insulating material. The dielectric lens 4 is connected with the metal back cavity 2 through the supporting cylinder 6.
Optionally, the insulating material is epoxy resin, and the support cylinder 6 is an epoxy resin product.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 illustrates a standing wave plot of an ultra wideband dual polarized lens antenna according to some embodiments of the present application. In the figure, the horizontal axis is frequency, unit GHz; the vertical axis is Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR). As can be seen from the graph, in the frequency range of 1.5GHz-20GHz, the standing wave of the antenna is less than 2.5, and the ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna 100 of the present embodiment has an ultra-wideband operation bandwidth.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 illustrates a V-plane pattern of an ultra wideband dual polarized lens antenna according to some embodiments of the present application. In the figure, the horizontal axis is angle, and the unit is deg; the vertical axis is level, in dB.
Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 illustrates a gain profile of an ultra wideband dual polarized lens antenna according to some embodiments of the present application. In the figure, the horizontal axis is frequency, unit GHz; the vertical axis is gain in dB. It can be seen that the ultra wideband dual polarized lens antenna 100 of the present embodiment has a gain of more than 4dB in the frequency range of 2GHz-18 GHz.
As can be seen from fig. 5 to fig. 7, the ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna 100 in the embodiment of the present application has ultra-wideband characteristics and high gain characteristics, so that the antenna beams are more concentrated in the ultra-wideband, the single-antenna gain is effectively improved, and the requirements of dual-polarization mode and higher gain in the ultra-wideband can be simultaneously satisfied.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples only represent a few embodiments of the present application, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the claims. It should be noted that it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements could be made without departing from the spirit of the present application, which would be within the scope of the present application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (10)
1. An ultra-wideband dual polarized lens antenna, comprising:
the microstrip radiator is a four-arm sine antenna, and the tail end of each radiating arm of the microstrip radiator is a zigzag curve;
the metal back cavity is arranged on one side of the microstrip radiator and is used for generating unidirectional radiation;
the microstrip feed balun is arranged in the metal back cavity, one end of the microstrip feed balun is connected with the microstrip radiator, and the other end of the microstrip feed balun is connected with a coaxial connector; and
the dielectric lens is arranged at one side of the microstrip radiator far away from the metal back cavity;
the microstrip feed balun comprises a metal back cavity, a microstrip radiation body and a microstrip feed balun, wherein the metal back cavity comprises a metal cavity, a fixing piece and a wave absorbing piece, the microstrip radiation body is fixedly arranged at the top of the metal cavity, the fixing piece is fixedly arranged at the bottom in the metal cavity, the microstrip feed balun is fixedly arranged at the fixing piece, the wave absorbing piece is fixedly arranged at the bottom in the metal cavity, and the wave absorbing piece is made of wave absorbing materials; the fixing piece is a metal material piece, and the outer diameter of the fixing piece gradually decreases from the bottom end to the top end; the wave absorbing member is arranged between the outer periphery of the fixing member and the inner peripheral wall of the metal cavity in a surrounding mode, the outer peripheral wall of the wave absorbing member is attached to the inner peripheral wall of the metal cavity, the inner ring side of the wave absorbing member is a conical surface with the inner diameter gradually increasing from the bottom end to the top end, and the inner diameter of the bottom end of the wave absorbing member is identical to the outer diameter of the bottom end of the fixing member.
2. The ultra wideband dual polarized lens antenna of claim 1, wherein the ends are wavy lines, saw tooth lines, or a combination of wavy and saw tooth lines.
3. The ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna of claim 1, wherein the microstrip radiator and the microstrip feed balun are both printed using microstrip plates.
4. The ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna of claim 1, wherein the microstrip feed balun is fixed on the metal cavity with epoxy glue and the fixing element.
5. The ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna of claim 1, wherein the wave absorbing member comprises a plurality of layers of wave absorbing bodies stacked in a bottom-to-top direction, and the wave absorbing materials of the plurality of layers of wave absorbing bodies are different.
6. The ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna of claim 5, wherein the wave-absorbing material of the plurality of layers of wave-absorbing bodies comprises a plurality of carbon-based wave-absorbing materials, iron-based wave-absorbing materials, ceramic-based wave-absorbing materials, and other types of wave-absorbing materials.
7. The ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna of claim 1, wherein the metal back cavity further comprises an insulating support, the microstrip feed balun is inserted in the fixing piece, and the insulating support is embedded between the microstrip feed balun and the fixing piece.
8. The ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the dielectric lens has a plate-like structure, the dielectric lens comprises a plurality of dielectric bodies nested layer by layer from the center outwards, and the dielectric constants of the dielectric bodies of the plurality of dielectric bodies are gradually decreased layer by layer from the center outwards.
9. The ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna of claim 8, wherein the plurality of dielectric bodies are each polytetrafluoroethylene sheet.
10. The ultra-wideband dual-polarized lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a support cylinder, wherein the support cylinder is a cylinder body with two open ends, one end of the support cylinder is connected with the metal back cavity, the other end of the support cylinder is connected with the dielectric lens, and the support cylinder is an insulating material piece.
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