CN1172925A - Technology for generating, heating and cooling by gasificating garbage and its gasification furnace - Google Patents
Technology for generating, heating and cooling by gasificating garbage and its gasification furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN1172925A CN1172925A CN 97107062 CN97107062A CN1172925A CN 1172925 A CN1172925 A CN 1172925A CN 97107062 CN97107062 CN 97107062 CN 97107062 A CN97107062 A CN 97107062A CN 1172925 A CN1172925 A CN 1172925A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
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Abstract
A process for gasifying garbage to generate electricity and supply heat and cold features use of a gasifying furnace, which has a heat accumulating wall on inner side of furnace wall and a water sprayer on the top of furnace body, and can be used to treat city life garbage containing different components. Its advantages include comprehensive utilization of garbage, no drainage of sewage, less flyash, low cost, high thermal efficiency and electrical generation efficiency (30%). The residual substances can be fermented and then used as fertilizer, or crushed to make building blocks of cement.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of technology of domestic waste generating and gasification furnace of this technology thereof of utilizing.
Utilize domestic waste generating year history surplus European and Japan existing 30, once there was detailed introduction Japan's " energy-conservation " (saving of labor ネ Le ギ one) magazine 14 phases of December nineteen ninety-five, and its main technique flow process has two kinds:
1, garbage sorting is pulverized, made the particle garbage fuel, circulating bed boiler burning production steam-electric power, waste heat heat supply.Disposal of refuse ability: 200T/ days * 4, boiler 34.5T/h * 4, generating capacity 1.2 ten thousand KW * 2, outer heat supply 5Gcal/h, the Boiler Steam condition: 380 ℃ * 370ata, this kind technological process was gone into operation October nineteen ninety-five, the thermal efficiency 20.6%.
2, garbage sorting is pulverized, made garbage fuel, in rotary kiln, heat with flue gas, the second-time burning of thermal decomposition gas, rubbish advances the burning of notch cuttype incinerator, and burning gases advance waste heat boiler and reclaim the generating of heat producing steam.Auxiliary equipment is made in gas turbine power generation, the ability of burning away the refuse 460T/ days (230T/ days * 2), steam-electric power 10900KW, gas turbine power generation 3500KW, cogeneration 12400KW+4100KW.This flow process was established in 1993, and the thermal efficiency reaches 22%.
Above-mentioned two kinds of garbage power technological processes mainly have problems:
1, make garbage fuel cost height: 1. garbage fuel requires particle little and even, machining expense height.2. garbage fuel is moisture is 5.4%, and rubbish moisture be 46.24%, dry expense height.3. garbage fuel moulding expense height.
2, advance HCL content height in the boiler combustion gas, big to boiler corrosion, therefore can not improve boiler pressure and temperature, the restriction boiler efficiency.
3, combustion air is than high, and one is 1.2, one be 1.6-1.9, the reduction thermal efficiency.
4, circular flow movable bed boiler fly ash amount is big, and load of dust remove is heavy.
The objective of the invention is to provide a kind of refuse gasification power generation and heat supply cooling technology, this technology manufacturing garbage fuel cost is low, HCL content is low, the thermal efficiency is high; For this reason, the present invention also will provide a kind of gasification furnace that is used for this technology.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme.
Technology: garbage disposal → gasification → purification → generating → heat supply, cooling.
Described garbage disposal is rubbish → electromagnetism deironing → manual sorting → vibrosieve → pulverizing letter sorting → electromagnetism deironing → dosing → moulding.
Described gasification is garbage fuel+air+water → gasification gas.
Garbage fuel composition during described the gasification: total water 30～50%, ash≤15%, carbon 〉=30%, granularity 0.1～200mm all can.
Temperature controlling range and method of operating during described the gasification are inlet air temperatures: 25～300 ℃, ash discharge temperature: 160 ℃, gasification gas outlet temperature: 350～500 ℃, cold air: 350～400 ℃, hot gas: 450～500 ℃, the outlet air temperature control method: garbage fuel adds water in hopper.
Described purification is the gasification gas → pre-etching → calcium hydroxide → caustic soda → dehumidifying → generating of gasification furnace.
Described purification can also be gasification furnace gasification gas → pre-etching → generating.
Gasification furnace: the inboard Heat Storing Wall of building in furnace wall, the lower end, furnace wall connects air-steam import and ash bucket, and the upper end, furnace wall connects the gentle gasification outlet of hopper, and the upper end connects water jet in the body of heater, and the bottom connects grate.
Described hopper is the sealing twin-bucket.
Described hopper can connect the outside, furnace wall.
10% of the material inlet area does not establish fresh air inlet on the described grate, makes rubbish thermal decomposition stage herein, is followed successively by the gasifying stage area and accounts for 85%, and intake accounts for 91%, is the ash discharge section near inwall.For reducing the ash discharge temperature, a small amount of air intake accounts for 9%.
Described grate is adjustable.
Advantage of the present invention:
1, can handle the domestic waste of various compositions, no technique waste water discharging.Exhaust, noise, environment all meet national environmental standard.
2, rubbish is transformed into fuel gas, cleaning easy to use.Can be used for gas turbine power generation, the generating of also can burning boiler steaming, generating back steam can be used for outer for steam, heat supply and dual-effect refrigeration water cooling.Gasification gas can be directly used in Industrial Stoves glass industries such as cement, pottery and utilize other purposes of burner processed glass goods or dry goods all can.
3, comprehensive utilization is made good use of.Rubbish small particles noncombustibles matter and detritus material are made fertilizer and are sold behind hot fermentation, after boiler slag and bulk noncombustibles are pulverized, but the making cement building block.
4, it is few to go out boiler fly ash, and production environment is good, and the post processing burden is light.
5, economic benefit height.The disposal of refuse of former city needs financial subsidies (mending 15 yuan for a ton as the every processing in Xuzhou City), is used for generating, and the same water power of cost equals thermal power generation and removes fuel cost.Be used for burning boiler or burn Industrial Stoves or with the industrial and mining enterprises of existing power plant cogeneration, profitable, it is fast to recoup the investment.
6, thermal efficiency height.Calorific value was low after gasification gas purified is suitable for gas turbine power generation, is used for burning boiler, can improve pressure and temperature, thereby improve the boiler generating efficiency, and the generating gross efficiency is 30%.With the specific efficiency raising 50% mutually of Japanese technology.
7, can select different process routes with technical merit and own fund state according to domestic equipment, equipment price is low, and operating technology is reliable, and implementation and operation elasticity is big.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is elaborated.
Fig. 1 is the garbage treating process figure of one embodiment of the present of invention.
Fig. 2 is gasification, purification and the electrification technique as well as figure of one embodiment of the present of invention.
Fig. 3 is another kind gasification, purification and the electrification technique as well as figure of one embodiment of the present of invention.
Fig. 4 is the gasification furnace structure figure of one embodiment of the present of invention.
Fig. 5 is the another kind of gasification furnace structure figure of one embodiment of the present of invention.
1. hoppers among the figure, 2. fire exploring hole, 3. Heat Storing Wall, 4. water leg, 5. air-steam import, 6. water jet, 7. gasification gas outlet, 8. grate, 9. ash bucket, 10. brick wall, 11. refractory materials, 12. manholes, 13. scale hoopers, 14. claim stone rollers, 15. control valves, 16. feed pipes.
In Fig. 1, send rubbish to the balata belt transporter, the electric magnetic iron remover deironing is set on belt feeder, the manual sorting goes out the bulk noncombustibles, is used to make cement block.All the other vibration removings or drum sieve extension set sieve out fritter noncombustibles and fine grained chippings detritus material, transport hot fermentation to and handle the field, make fertilizer after the fermentation and sell.Excess advances to pulverize sorter on the screening machine, and the defective work that comes out returns again and pulverizes, and sorts out the granule noncombustibles and transports a hot fermentation processing processing equally to.The combustible that sorts out (based on 50 millimeters of φ) transports with belt conveyer, adds the deironing of secondary electric magnetic iron remover on the belt conveyer, and on belt conveyer the dosing calcium hydroxide.The calcium hydroxide addition is generally 2-3 doubly with the content decision of CL in the rubbish and S, and perhaps more more, calcium hydroxide also plays the binding agent effect.Advance mixer then and add water or papermaking alkaline waste liquor, make rubbish and calcium hydroxide energy kneaded and formed.Control garbage fuel moisture content can not be lower than 30% between 30-50%, produce blast in the hot stove in order to avoid advance, and conveniently can add less or does not add water for storing, and can add water during use from the gasification furnace porch and regulate.The garbage fuel that goes out mixing machine can advance storeroom or directly advance gasification furnace production.Points for attention eliminate noncombustibles as far as possible.
In Fig. 2, garbage fuel air inlet furnace gasization, go out the gasification furnace hot gas and advance the pre-etching device, the pre-etching device supports with iron graticule mesh frame, in put lime stone and lime block, make in the gas HCL carry out chemical reaction with lime stone, lime block and ironware earlier at this, reaction generates chloride and falls to concentrate regularly and take out periodic replacement pre-etching device.The hot gas (containing unreacted carbon, decomposition gas, mist of oil flying dust etc.) that goes out the pre-etching device continues into boiler combustion, because of being gas combustion, and air ratio 1.10～1.15, its thermal efficiency is higher, the furnace gases that takes the dish out of the pot emptying.Steam advances the steam turbine generating, and efficient is 26～35%.Go out steam turbine steam except that supplying, also can adopt 7 ℃ of cold water coolings of double-effect lithium bromide absorption type handpiece Water Chilling Units system outward for the process steam.Also can 49 ℃ of recirculated waters to 80 of 0.22ata60 ℃ of smelling of steam utilization of recovered steam turbine lithium absorption heat pump heating ℃ confession user.If financial strain also can supply user's heat supply, cooling by a producing steam.
In Fig. 3, garbage fuel air inlet furnace gasization, gasification gas advances pre-rotten device, the same Fig. 2 of reaction mechanism.The gas that comes out advances air heater and adds hot-air, advance the hot-water heater heat hot water again after, carry out the niter buck and purify: gas advances gas washing case and fountain aeration tower, and gas contacts with limewash, CL, SOx, CO
2, NOx reacts the generation calcium salt with it, goes out aeration tower sewage and advances sedimentation basin, mud advances drying bed, the mud Main Ingredients and Appearance is calcium salt, can make construction material uses.Remove the clear water of calcium salt, throw the cooling tower cooling into pump, cooling water adds lime and recycles, the lime addition more as much as possible because calcium chloride solubility is big, easy-clear not, the calcium salt of Sheng Chenging is still recyclable in addition is used for construction material and does not waste.
Go out aeration tower gas, still have small amount of H CL, carry out caustic soda and purify: in bubble column or valve tower, make gas contact generation sodium salt, Recycling Mother Solution use with caustic soda factory spent caustic liquid.CO in the gas
2The content height, HCL content is low, NaoH elder generation and CO
2Generate sodium carbonate or sodium acid carbonate, they generate sodium chloride etc. with the HCL reaction again.Because the solubility of sodium carbonate is very little, blocking pipe easily, concentration of sodium carbonate are controlled in 5% the scope, control the NaoH addition with this.NaCL is not easily separated yet, when NaCL concentration before saturated, should be regularly get to boiler feedwater and handle workshop section, softening supplementing water with pump.Caustic soda purifies back gas and advances dehumidifier, removes moisture content.
The gasification gas that purifies after dehumidifying is pressurized to 10～14 atmospheric pressure through compressor, enter the combustion chamber of gas turbine, the gas calorific value is low because of gasifying, fuel gas temperature is between 1000～1300 ℃, just in time meet the requirement of gas turbine, gas turbine drives generator for electricity generation, and efficient is 28～32%, exit gas is at 480～580 ℃, and its flow process can be divided two kinds:
One, reclaim the heat producing steam with waste heat boiler and drive the steam turbine generating, its associating overall thermal efficiency can supply steam 30% outward except that generating is, and the gas heat hot water that gasifies is discharged.
Two, be and the associating of existing power plant, go out gas turbine hot gas heating boiler of power plant steam, advance the steam turbine generating thereafter, improve the generating efficiency of steam turbine, associating efficient can reach 40～47%.
Cold air gasification after the dehumidifying also can be used for ceramics factory and fires delicate china, and purposes such as glassware are burnt by glass factory.
In Fig. 4, the hopper of gasification furnace (1) upper end connects scale hooper (13), and the lower end connects control valve (15).Scale hooper (13) adopts automatic GRAVITY CONTROL metering, and scale hooper (13) falls into hopper (1) after adding enough certain weight automatically, and hopper (1) garbage fuel advances stove continuously by control valve (15) control, and prevents that stove fire from scurrying out outside the stove.Add Heat Storing Wall (3) in stove, because garbage fuel composition complexity, thermal content changes greatly, and the water content difference is big, utilizes Heat Storing Wall (3) can remedy the defective of fuel rubbish heat inequality, and it is fast that the furnace temperature height also can make gasification rate in addition.Refuse gasification speed is faster than coal, and garbage fuel is because removed noncombustibles in the fabrication stage as far as possible, and combustible contains ash content and is designed to 15%, as the filler calcium carbonate in the plastic products, silica etc.Ash contents such as plant straw, wood, rubber are few, and the coking and slagging material is few, so grate (8) highly is 1/4～1/5 of a stove diameter.Grate (8) is with disk ladder turriform, and each layer all overlaps, being convenient to the evaporation of refuse moisture, or the burning of granule fuel and gasification.Feed diameters mostly is 50 millimeters of φ, and the granule and the bulk (as a footwear size) of a small amount of 0.1-200 millimeter can be arranged.
Among Fig. 5, with fire-resistant brick gasification furnace, grate (8) adopts the notch cuttype grate that can transfer (from 10 °-45 °), so that ash disposal.
Gasification furnace gasification operation technology:
1. go into stove garbage fuel composition: total water: 30～50%, ash :≤15%, carbon 〉=30%, carbon is carbon, goes into stove garbage fuel granularity: be mainly the 50mm piece, a small amount of 0.1～200mm all can.
2. gasifying agent: air, water and a small amount of water vapor.
3. gasification pneumatolytic part: non-combustible gas: N
2+ Ar+CO
2: 55～60%, fuel gas: CO+H
2+ CH
4+ CmHn:40～45%.Hot gas low heat value caloric value: 1000～1,500 thousand card/NM
3(carbon black, flying dust, mist of oil etc.), cold air low heat value caloric value: 1000～1,300 thousand card/NM
3
4. temperature controlling range and method of operating: (1) inlet air temperature: 25～300 ℃ (generally at 150～300 ℃).(2) ash discharge temperature: 160 ℃ (ash bucket discharges water and reduces the ash discharge temperature, and the recovery section water vapour).(3) gasification gas outlet temperature: 350～500 ℃ (generally at 400 ℃).Cold air: 350～400 ℃.Hot gas: 450～500 ℃, also can improve according to back workshop section technological requirement.(4) outlet air temperature control method: mainly rely in hopper garbage fuel to add the method control of water, because of water direct boiling in fire changes into water vapour efficient height than in boiler, and saving equipment, when from hopper, adding water management when bad, air outlet temperature is too high, can be from the water jet cold shock of spraying water, when temperature is crossed when low or add the bad operation of water from garbage fuel, can in stove, add steam from steam pipe under the stove.
5. intake is arranged: 10% of material inlet area is not established fresh air inlet, makes rubbish thermal decomposition stage herein, is followed successively by the gasifying stage area and accounts for 75%, and intake accounts for 91%, is ash discharge section 15% near inwall.For reducing the ash discharge temperature, a small amount of air intake accounts for 9%.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of refuse gasification power generation and heat supply cooling technology, this technology comprises garbage disposal, generating, heat supply, cooling, generating again after it is characterized in that the laggard promoting the circulation of qiization of garbage disposal and purifying, heat supply, cooling.
2, refuse gasification power generation and heat supply cooling technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that garbage disposal is rubbish → electromagnetism deironing → manual sorting → vibrosieve → pulverizing letter sorting → electromagnetism deironing → dosing → moulding.
3, refuse gasification power generation and heat supply cooling technology according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described gasification is garbage fuel+air+water → gasification gas, the garbage fuel composition during described gasification.Total water 30～50%, ash≤15%, carbon 〉=30%, granularity 0.1～200mm, temperature controlling range and method of operating during described gasification are inlet air temperatures: 25～300 ℃, ash discharge temperature: 160 ℃, gasification gas outlet temperature: 350～500 ℃, cold air: 350～400 ℃, hot gas: 450～500 ℃, the outlet air temperature control method: garbage fuel adds water in hopper.
4,, it is characterized in that described purification is the gasification gas → pre-etching → calcium hydroxide → caustic soda → dehumidifying → generating of gasification furnace according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described refuse gasification power generation and heat supply cooling technologies.
5,, it is characterized in that described purification can also be gasification furnace gasification gas → pre-etching → generating according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described refuse gasification power generation and heat supply cooling technologies.
6, a kind of gasification furnace that is used for the described technology of claim 1, the lower end, furnace wall of this stove connects air-steam import and ash bucket, and the upper end, furnace wall connects the gentle gasification outlet of hopper, and the bottom connects grate, it is characterized in that the inboard Heat Storing Wall of building in furnace wall, the upper end connects water jet in the body of heater.
7, gasification furnace according to claim 6 is characterized in that the gasification furnace body of heater is brick.
8,, it is characterized in that described grate is a disk ladder turriform according to claim 6 or 7 described gasification furnaces.
9,, it is characterized in that described grate is adjustable according to claim 6 or 7 described gasification furnaces.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 97107062 CN1100233C (en) | 1997-07-31 | 1997-07-31 | Technology for generating, heating and cooling by gasificating garbage and its gasification furnace |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 97107062 CN1100233C (en) | 1997-07-31 | 1997-07-31 | Technology for generating, heating and cooling by gasificating garbage and its gasification furnace |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1172925A true CN1172925A (en) | 1998-02-11 |
| CN1100233C CN1100233C (en) | 2003-01-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 97107062 Expired - Fee Related CN1100233C (en) | 1997-07-31 | 1997-07-31 | Technology for generating, heating and cooling by gasificating garbage and its gasification furnace |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1101281C (en) * | 1998-09-01 | 2003-02-12 | 王铁砚 | Treating method for urban garbage and special equipment |
| CN104456571A (en) * | 2014-11-02 | 2015-03-25 | 史惠元 | Method and device for generating electricity through household garbage |
| WO2017177884A1 (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2017-10-19 | 王冬 | Domestic waste low-temperature pyrolysis system |
| CN107448948A (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-12-08 | 李艺 | A kind of integrated energy ball control oxygen low temperature pyrogenation life, medical waste equipment |
| CN111594845A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-08-28 | 杭州时迈环境科技股份有限公司 | Internal heating type rural garbage gasification cracking device |
-
1997
- 1997-07-31 CN CN 97107062 patent/CN1100233C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1101281C (en) * | 1998-09-01 | 2003-02-12 | 王铁砚 | Treating method for urban garbage and special equipment |
| CN104456571A (en) * | 2014-11-02 | 2015-03-25 | 史惠元 | Method and device for generating electricity through household garbage |
| WO2017177884A1 (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2017-10-19 | 王冬 | Domestic waste low-temperature pyrolysis system |
| CN107448948A (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-12-08 | 李艺 | A kind of integrated energy ball control oxygen low temperature pyrogenation life, medical waste equipment |
| CN111594845A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-08-28 | 杭州时迈环境科技股份有限公司 | Internal heating type rural garbage gasification cracking device |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1100233C (en) | 2003-01-29 |
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