CN117277807A - Converter for energy storage element - Google Patents

Converter for energy storage element Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117277807A
CN117277807A CN202311255498.1A CN202311255498A CN117277807A CN 117277807 A CN117277807 A CN 117277807A CN 202311255498 A CN202311255498 A CN 202311255498A CN 117277807 A CN117277807 A CN 117277807A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
terminal
converter
connection port
load
energy storage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202311255498.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
杜红越
张大前
陈超
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Shanghai Shiningic Electronic Technology Co ltd
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Shanghai Shiningic Electronic Technology Co ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Shanghai Shiningic Electronic Technology Co ltd filed Critical Shanghai Shiningic Electronic Technology Co ltd
Priority to CN202311255498.1A priority Critical patent/CN117277807A/en
Publication of CN117277807A publication Critical patent/CN117277807A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

A converter for an energy storage element, comprising: charger/load connection port, energy storage component connection port, load detection circuit, body diode control circuit, NMOS power tube, PMOS power tube, logic control circuit, drive circuit, working mode detection circuit, wherein: the input ends of the logic control circuit, the working mode detection circuit and the body diode control circuit are connected to the first terminal of the charger/load connection port and the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port, the logic control circuit controls the working of the converter, the working mode detection circuit determines the working mode of the converter, the driving circuit controls the on-off of the NMOS power tube and the PMOS power tube according to the working mode, the load detection circuit detects whether the charger/load connection port is connected with a load, and the body diode control circuit determines the connection relation of the substrates of the PMOS power tube according to the relation among the inputs of the body diode control circuit.

Description

Converter for energy storage element
Technical Field
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the field of electronic circuits, and in particular, to a converter for an energy storage element.
Background
With the development of the electronic industry, various electronic products are layered endlessly, and the requirements of people in various aspects are met. Meanwhile, people have higher and higher requirements on various performance indexes of electronic products. For example, it is desirable that the electronic product be more energy efficient and environmentally friendly, more efficient and less costly, and also that the electronic product have a higher cruising ability. This requirement provides a wide application space for the mobile power supply. The portable power source is used as portable energy storage equipment, and is mainly used as a portable charger for charging consumer electronic products (such as mobile phones and notebook computers) such as handheld mobile equipment, and is particularly applied to occasions without external power supply. The main components of the mobile power supply comprise: a battery section serving as electric energy storage, a step-up circuit (dc-dc converter) that stabilizes an output voltage, and a charging circuit, based on these components, a portable power source may have the following three operation modes: standby mode, charging mode, and boost mode.
There are two types of converters for moving elements on the market today, one is a dual port converter and one is a single port converter.
In the dual-port converter, a diode is adopted as a follow current diode in a boost circuit for stabilizing output voltage, the voltage difference is large, the boost efficiency is low, a PMOS (P-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube is adopted in a charging circuit, power elements are more, and meanwhile, two ports are required to be used for charging input and boosting output respectively, so that the cost is high.
For a single-port converter, fig. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of the single-port converter, and in a standby mode, when a load is connected, an internal load detection function is triggered, the load is judged to be connected, and a boost mode is started to discharge outwards. In the conventional technology, the basic principle of load detection of a mobile power supply converter is to judge the on-off condition of a load by utilizing the relation between current and voltage in a circuit. When the load path is normal, the load current flows through the resistor R1 to generate voltage drop, and when the load is disconnected, the voltage drop of the resistor R1 is zero, so that the boost/charge detection circuit judges whether the boost circuit is required to work or not by detecting the voltage drop of the resistor R1 connected in series in the output path to judge the on-off condition of the load. When the voltage boosting detection circuit detects that the output voltage is lower than a certain threshold value, the output end is judged to have load access, and the voltage boosting mode is started. In some conventional techniques, resistor R1 may be replaced by PMOS on or subthreshold impedance, and used as a sense resistor. However, in these detection methods, the detection current passes through the internal resistor, and because the integrated circuit process determines that the internal resistor has a large absolute resistance deviation distribution, a large error occurs in the judgment of the load current by the energy storage element converter, that is, the load detection current threshold is inaccurate.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing technical problems, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a converter having an energy storage element.
At least one converter for an energy storage element of the present disclosure, comprising: charger/load connection port, energy storage component connection port, load detection circuit, body diode control circuit, NMOS power tube, PMOS power tube, logic control circuit, drive circuit, working mode detection circuit, wherein:
the first terminal of the charger/load connection port is connected with the first electrode of the PMOS power tube, the second electrode of the PMOS power tube is connected to the first electrode of the NMOS power tube and the first terminal of the energy storage element connection port, the second electrode of the NMOS power tube is grounded, and the grid electrode of the NMOS power tube is connected with the second terminal of the drive circuit;
the first terminal of the logic control circuit is connected to the first terminal of the charger/load connection port, the second terminal of the logic control circuit is connected to the first terminal of the driving circuit, the third terminal of the logic control circuit is connected to the first terminal of the working mode detection circuit, and the fourth terminal of the logic control circuit is connected to the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port;
the second terminal of the driving circuit is connected to the grid electrode of the NMOS power tube, the third terminal of the driving circuit is connected to the grid electrode of the PMOS power tube, and the fourth terminal of the driving circuit is connected to the second terminal of the working mode detection circuit;
a third terminal of the working mode detection circuit is connected to a first terminal of the charger/load connection port, and a fourth terminal of the working mode detection circuit is connected to a second terminal of the energy storage element connection port; and
the first terminal of the body diode control circuit is connected to the first terminal of the charger/load connection port, the second terminal of the body diode control circuit is connected to the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port, the third terminal of the body diode control circuit is connected to the substrate of the PMOS power tube, and the fourth terminal of the body diode control circuit is connected to the first terminal of the charger/load connection port through the load detection circuit.
In one embodiment of the disclosure, the load detection circuit is a load detection PMOS transistor, a first electrode of the load detection PMOS transistor is connected to a second terminal of the energy storage element connection port, a second electrode of the load detection PMOS transistor is connected to a first terminal of the charger/load connection port, a substrate of the load detection PMOS transistor is connected to a fourth terminal of the body diode control circuit, a gate of the load detection PMOS transistor is connected to a gate of the current mirror PMOS transistor, a first electrode of the current mirror PMOS transistor is connected to a second terminal of the energy storage element connection port, and a second electrode of the current mirror PMOS transistor is grounded through a bias current source.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the body diode control circuit includes a comparator, an inverter, a first transmission gate, a second transmission gate, and a third transmission gate. The non-inverting input end of the comparator is connected with the first terminal of the charger/load connection port, the inverting input end of the comparator is connected with the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port, and the output end of the comparator is respectively connected with the input end of the inverter, the P end of the first transmission gate, the N end of the second transmission gate and the P end of the third transmission gate; the input end of the first transmission gate is connected with the first electrode of the PMOS power tube, the input end of the second transmission gate is connected with the second electrode of the PMOS power tube, and the input end of the third transmission gate is connected with the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port; the output ends of the first transmission gate and the second transmission gate are connected with the substrate of the PMOS power tube; the output end of the second transmission gate and the output end of the third transmission gate are connected with the substrate of the load detection PMOS tube.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the converter further comprises a filter capacitor connected between the first terminal of the charger/load connection port and ground.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the converter has a standby mode, a charging mode, and a boost mode, wherein,
when the first voltage of the first terminal of the charger/load connection port is similar to the second voltage of the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port, the converter is in a standby mode;
when the converter is in a standby mode, the converter enters a boost mode under the condition that a first voltage is pulled down; and
when the converter is in the standby mode, the converter enters the charging mode with the first voltage pulled up.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the converter enters a standby mode with the first voltage dropping near the second voltage while the converter is in the charging mode.
In one embodiment of the disclosure, when the converter is in the boost mode, the converter delays the first time to enter the standby mode in the case that the load current detected by the load detection PMOS is less than the current threshold.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the current threshold has a value in the range of 5mA to 20mA and the first time has a value in the range of 4s to 8s.
At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method of controlling an operating mode of the converter of claim 1, the method comprising:
detecting that a first voltage of a first terminal of a charger/load connection port and a second voltage of a second terminal of an energy storage element connection port are close to each other, and placing the converter in a standby mode;
in a standby mode, switching the converter to a charging mode if the first voltage is greater than a first voltage threshold, and switching the converter to a boosting mode if the first voltage is pulled down by a second voltage threshold;
in a charging mode, switching the converter to a standby mode in the event that the first voltage drops to approximately the second voltage; and
in the boost mode, the converter is switched to the standby mode by delaying a first time when the load current is less than the current threshold.
At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a power supply system including the above-described converter, an energy storage element, and an inductance connected between a first terminal and a second terminal of an energy storage element connection port of the converter, a positive electrode of the energy storage element being connected to the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port of the converter.
In the converter for the energy storage element according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the logic of the body diode control circuit is simple, the connection relationship between the system modules is simplified, and at the same time, the control is easy. Therefore, the substrate of the PMOS power tube and the substrate of the load detection PMOS tube can be connected to one end with higher voltage at a high response speed, and are not easy to interfere, meanwhile, the body diode control circuit has a boosting process detection function, the substrate of the PMOS power tube is connected to the second electrode of the PMOS power tube only when the first voltage of the first terminal of the charger/load connection port is larger than the first voltage of the first terminal of the charger/load connection port, and the problem that the substrate of the PMOS power tube is connected to the first electrode of the PMOS power tube from the second electrode of the PMOS power tube when the converter just enters a boosting mode and the output voltage is low is avoided. Meanwhile, the load detection PMOS tube is introduced into the converter, so that current does not pass through an external inductor and only flows in the load detection PMOS tube, the influence of inductive elements on the current is reduced, the load detection precision is improved, and meanwhile, the current generated by the current mirror is easy to control and does not need an internal resistor.
In the method for controlling the working mode of the converter according to the embodiment of the disclosure, the working mode of the converter is determined only by comparing the relation between the first voltage of the first terminal of the charger/load connection port and the second voltage of the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port with the relation between the load current and the threshold current, so that the logic relation is simple and the implementation difficulty is low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a single port mobile power converter in the conventional art;
fig. 2 shows a schematic circuit configuration of a converter for an energy storage element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
fig. 3 is a schematic circuit configuration diagram of a body diode in a converter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Aiming at the technical problems, the embodiment of the disclosure provides a high-precision load detection method and a mobile power converter with high-precision sub-load detection, wherein a fixed pull-up current can be generated by using a PMOS (P-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube, and when an input load enables an output voltage to be pulled down to a certain threshold value, the input of the load is judged, and the boost is started. Most of current paths of the detection method are inside the chip, no external inductor is needed, and the current precision generated by the current mirror is easy to control, so that the detection method has more advantages in precision and does not need an internal resistor.
At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a converter for an energy storage element, comprising: comprising the following steps: the device comprises a charger/load connection port, an energy storage element connection port, a load detection circuit, an NMOS power tube, a PMOS power tube, a logic control circuit, a driving circuit, a working mode detection circuit and a body diode control circuit.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a converter for an energy storage element according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 2, the converter includes a charger/load connection port VO/VIN, an energy storage element connection port, a load detection circuit 10, a body diode control circuit 9, an NMOS power transistor 3, a PMOS power transistor 4, a logic control circuit 6, a driving circuit 7, and an operation mode detection circuit 8.
As shown in fig. 2, the connection relationships of the respective components of the converter are as follows:
the first terminal of the charger/load connection port is connected with the first electrode 41 of the PMOS power tube 4, the second electrode 42 of the PMOS power tube 4 is connected to the first electrode 31 of the NMOS power tube 3 and the first terminal 101 of the energy storage element connection port, the second electrode 32 of the NMOS power tube 3 is grounded, and the grid electrode of the NMOS power tube 3 is connected with the second terminal 72 of the driving circuit 7;
the first terminal 61 of the logic control circuit 6 is connected to the first terminal of the charger/load connection port VO/VIN, the second terminal 62 of the logic control circuit 6 is connected to the first terminal 71 of the drive circuit 7, the third terminal 63 of the logic control circuit 6 is connected to the first terminal 81 of the operation mode detection circuit 8, and the fourth terminal 64 of the logic control circuit 6 is connected to the second terminal 102 of the storage element connection port;
the second terminal 72 of the driving circuit 7 is connected to the gate 33 of the NMOS power transistor 3, the third terminal 73 of the driving circuit 7 is connected to the gate 43 of the PMOS power transistor 4, and the fourth terminal 74 of the driving circuit 7 is connected to the second terminal 82 of the operation mode detection circuit 8;
the third terminal 83 of the operating mode detection circuit 8 is connected to the first terminal of the charger/load connection port VO/VIN, and the fourth terminal 84 of the operating mode detection circuit 8 is connected to the second terminal 102 of the energy storage element connection port; and
the first terminal 91 of the body diode control circuit 9 is connected to the first terminal of the charger/load connection port VO/VIN, the second terminal 92 of the body diode control circuit 9 is connected to the second terminal 102 of the energy storage element connection port, the third terminal 93 of the body diode control circuit 9 is connected to the substrate Sub1 of the PMOS power transistor 3, and the fourth terminal 94 of the body diode control circuit 9 is connected to the first terminal of the charger/load connection port VO/VIN through the load detection circuit 10.
In one embodiment of the disclosure, as shown in fig. 2, the load detection circuit is a load detection PMOS transistor, a first electrode of the load detection PMOS transistor is connected to a second terminal of the energy storage element connection port, a second electrode of the load detection PMOS transistor is connected to a first terminal of the charger/load connection port, a substrate of the load detection PMOS transistor is connected to a fourth terminal of the body diode control circuit, a gate of the load detection PMOS transistor is connected to a gate of the current mirror PMOS transistor, a first electrode of the current mirror PMOS transistor is connected to a second terminal of the energy storage element connection port, and a second electrode of the current mirror PMOS transistor is grounded through a bias current source. The gate of the load detection PMOS is connected to the gate of the current mirror PMOS, so that the load detection PMOS can generate a fixed pull-up current, i.e., a load detection current threshold, e.g., 20 μa. When the load is removed, the boosting function is closed and enters a standby mode, and the load detection PMOS tube pulls up the voltage of the boosting output end to the voltage of the energy storage element. When the load current appears at the charger/load connection port VO/VIN, if the load current is larger than the current generated by the load detection PMOS tube, the voltage at the boosting output end is pulled down, and when the voltage is pulled down to a certain threshold value, it is determined that the external load current is actually generated due to the insertion of external equipment, and then the boosting function is started.
The load detection PMOS tube is introduced into the converter for the energy storage element, so that current does not pass through an external inductor and only flows in the load detection PMOS tube, the influence of the inductive element on the current is reduced, the load detection precision is improved, and meanwhile, the current generated by the current mirror is easy to control and does not need an internal resistor.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the first terminal 91 and the second terminal 92 of the body diode control circuit 9 are connected as input terminals to the first terminal of the charger/load connection port VO/VIN and the second terminal 102 of the energy storage element connection port, respectively, that is, the first voltage of the first terminal of the charger/load connection port VO/VIN and the second voltage of the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port (the voltage of the positive electrode of the energy storage element in case of the energy storage element being connected) are inputs of the body diode control circuit 9. The third terminal 93 of the body diode control circuit 9 is connected to the substrate Sub1 of the PMOS power transistor 4, the fourth terminal 94 of the body diode control circuit 9 is connected to the substrate Sub2 of the load detection PMOS transistor, and the output of the body diode control circuit 9 is used to control the PMOS power transistor 4 and the load detection circuit 10.
The connection relationship between the body diode control circuit 9 and the first terminal of the charger/load connection port VO/VIN and the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port, and the substrate Sub1 of the PMOS power transistor 4 and the substrate Sub2 of the load detection PMOS transistor will be described below with reference to fig. 3.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic structure of a body diode control circuit in a converter for an energy storage element according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 3, the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the body diode control circuit are respectively connected to the first terminal of the charger/load connection port VO/VIN and the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port, and the first output terminal and the second output terminal are respectively connected to the substrate Sub1 of the PMOS power transistor 4 and the substrate Sub2 of the load detection PMOS transistor 10.
The body diode control circuit 9 includes a comparator 901, an inverter 902, a first transmission gate 903, a second transmission gate 904, and a third transmission gate 904. The non-inverting input terminal of the comparator 901 is connected to the first terminal of the charger/load connection port VO/VIN, and the inverting input terminal is connected to the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port, i.e., the voltage at the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator 901 is the first voltage at the first terminal of the charger/load connection port VO/VIN, and the voltage at the inverting input terminal of the comparator 901 is the second voltage at the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port. The output end of the comparator 901 is respectively connected with the input end of the inverter 902, the P end of the first transmission gate 903, the N end of the second transmission gate 902 and the P end of the third transmission gate 903; the output end of the inverter 902 is connected with the N end of the first transmission gate 903, the P end of the second transmission gate 904 and the N end of the third transmission gate 905; an input end of the first transmission gate 903 is connected with the first electrode 41 of the PMOS power tube 4, an input end of the second transmission gate 904 is connected with the second electrode 42 of the PMOS power tube 4, and an input end of the third transmission gate 905 is connected with the second terminal 102 of the energy storage element connection port; the output ends of the first transmission gate 903 and the second transmission gate 904 are connected with the substrate Sub1 of the PMOS power transistor 4; the output end of the second transmission gate 904 and the output end of the third transmission gate 905 are connected to the substrate Sub2 of the load detection PMOS transistor 10.
In the body diode control circuit 9, the first voltage of the first terminal of the charger/load connection port VO/VIN and the second voltage of the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port are input to the body diode control circuit 9, and the output structure of the body diode control circuit 9 controls the connection of the substrate of the PMOS power transistor 4 and the connection of the substrate of the load detection PMOS transistor 10 by comparing the magnitudes of the first voltage and the second voltage, so that the substrate of the PMOS power transistor 4 is connected to the higher one of the first electrode 41 and the second electrode 42 thereof, and the substrate of the load detection PMOS transistor 10 is connected to the higher one of the first terminal of the charger/load connection port VO/VIN and the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port.
The logic of the body diode control circuit is simple, the connection relation between the system modules is simplified, and the control is easy. Therefore, the substrate of the PMOS power tube 4 and the substrate of the load detection PMOS tube 10 can be connected to one end with higher voltage at a high response speed, and are not easy to interfere.
The body diode control circuit has a boosting process detection function. When the converter enters the boost mode, the output voltage starts to rise, the body diode control circuit starts to operate, when the first voltage of the first terminal of the charger/load connection port VO/VIN is detected to be smaller than the second voltage of the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port, the substrate of the PMOS power tube 4 is connected to the second electrode 42 thereof (i.e., the electrode connected to the energy storage element connection port), when the first voltage is detected to be larger than the second voltage, the substrate of the PMOS power tube 4 is connected to the first electrode 41 thereof (i.e., the electrode connected to the first terminal of the charger/load connection port VO/VIN), so that the problem of leakage is avoided when the output voltage is still lower due to the fact that the converter just enters the boost mode, the body diode control circuit switches the substrate of the PMOS power tube from being connected to the second electrode thereof to being connected to the first electrode thereof.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 2, the converter further includes a filter capacitor 5, the filter capacitor 5 being connected between the first terminal of the charger/load connection port VO/VIN and ground. The filter capacitor 5 is configured to reduce the amplitude of ripple output by the charger during charging, so as to ensure the normal operation of the circuit. The filter capacitor 5 is also configured to stabilize the boosted output voltage when performing the boosted output.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, an external load or charger is connected at the charger/load connection port VO/VIN, an inductor 2 is connected between the first terminal 101 and the second terminal 102 of the energy storage element connection port, the first terminal of the energy storage element 1 is connected to the second terminal 102 of the energy storage element connection port, the second terminal of the energy storage element is grounded, and the load or charger, and the energy storage element and inductor are connected to the converter in the manner shown in fig. 2. The energy storage element 1 may be a lithium battery, a nickel-chromium battery, a lead-acid battery, a nickel-hydrogen battery, etc. When the converter is in standby mode, the energy storage element is not charged nor discharged. When the converter is in the charge input state, the energy storage element 1 is charged, and when the converter is in the boost output state, the energy storage element 1 is discharged.
The logic control circuit 6 is configured to monitor the operating state of the converter and to control the enabling of the driving circuit 7 and the operating mode detection circuit 8 based on the operating state.
The logic control circuit 6 is configured to monitor the system operating state, perform logic operation on detection results of system parameters of various operating states, such as load current, output voltage, energy storage element voltage, and the like, and realize regulation and control of the system operating state by controlling enabling of the boost/charge driving circuit and the boost/charge mode detection circuit. For example, the logic control circuit 6 is configured to detect and monitor the load current in the boost mode, and stop the operation of the driving circuit when the current at the charger/load connection port VO/VIN is too large, so that the converter enters a standby state, and the energy storage element is prevented from being in a high current output state all the time, and the energy storage element is prevented from being damaged. For another example, in the charging mode, the logic control circuit 6 is configured to detect the second voltage of the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port, and when the second voltage is greater than a certain voltage threshold, determine that the energy storage element is already in the overshoot state, and force the converter to enter the standby state, so that the energy storage element is not charged any more.
After the converter has connected the energy storage element 1 at the energy storage element connection port, if the charger or the load is not connected at the charger/load connection port VO/VIN, i.e., the converter is in the standby mode, as shown in fig. 2, the first voltage of the first terminal of the charger/load connection port VO/VIN is pulled up to a voltage close to the first terminal of the energy storage element 1 (i.e., the second voltage of the second terminal of the energy storage element interface) by the load detection circuit (i.e., the load detection P-type MOS transistor), the first voltage and the second voltage are close, and the operation mode detection circuit 8 determines that the converter is in the standby mode.
When the charger/load connection port VO/VIN is connected to the charger, the output voltage of the charger is greater than 4.5V, the logic control circuit detects that the first voltage of the first terminal of the charger/load connection port is greater than the second voltage of the first terminal of the energy storage element, the state of the logic control circuit is updated, the logic control circuit enables the working mode detection circuit, and the working mode of the converter is detected. The operation mode detection circuit 7 samples and compares the first voltage and the second voltage at this time, and since the first voltage is greater than the second voltage at this time, the operation mode detection circuit determines that the converter enters the charging mode.
After determining that the converter enters the charging mode, the charger/load connection port VO/VIN is used as the charging input port. The operation mode detection circuit 8 and the logic control circuit 6 send enable signals to the driving circuit 7, so that the driving circuit 7 drives the NMOS power transistor and the PMOS power transistor in a charging mode. In the charging mode, the driving circuit 7 supplies a high level to the gate of the NMOS power transistor 3 and the gate of the PMOS power transistor 4, respectively, to turn off the NMOS power transistor 3 and turn on the PMOS power transistor 4. Meanwhile, the body diode control circuit 9 connects the substrate of the PMOS power transistor 4 to the first electrode of the PMOS power transistor, and connects the substrate of the load detection PMOS transistor 10 to the first electrode of the PMOS power transistor 4. The first electrode of the PMOS power tube 4 is connected to the charger/load connection port VO/VIN, so that the converter can only control the charging current to charge the energy storage element 1 through the inductor by controlling the conduction mode of the PMOS power tube 4.
In the charging mode, if the charger is removed or the charger has no voltage output capability, the logic control circuit 6 detects a state change, and the enabled operation mode detection circuit 8 detects the operation state of the converter, and since the former state is the charging state, whenever the first voltage of the first terminal of the charger/load connection port VO/VIN drops to the second voltage near the second terminal 102 of the energy storage element interface, it is determined that the converter enters the standby state, at which time the body diode control circuit 9 connects the substrate Sub1 of the PMOS power transistor 4 to the second electrode 402 of the PMOS power transistor 4, and simultaneously connects the substrate Sub2 of the load detection PMOS transistor to the second terminal 102 of the energy storage element interface.
When the charger/load connection port VO/VIN is connected to a load, a load current is generated, if the load current is greater than a current generated by the load detection PMOS, i.e., a load detection current threshold, the voltage of the charger/load connection port VO/VIN will be pulled down, and when the voltage is pulled down to a certain threshold (generally 200mV less than the positive voltage of the energy storage element, or 2.4V), the operation mode detection circuit determines that an external load is inserted, and determines to enter a boost mode. At this time, the logic control circuit and the operation mode detection circuit respectively enable the driving circuit to drive the NMOS power transistor 3 and the PMOS power transistor 4 in the boost mode, that is, the MOS power transistor 3 and the PMOS power transistor 4 are alternately turned on.
In the boost mode, if the load is removed from the charger/load connection port VO/VIN, the load detection PMOS transistor pulls up the first voltage of the first terminal of the charger/load connection port VO/VIN to the second voltage of the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port, the boost function is turned off, the logic control circuit is reset, and the standby mode is entered. If a load is connected to the charger/load connection port VO/VIN, the load drain current pulls down the first voltage of the first terminal of the charger/load connection port VO/VIN to a threshold value, at which time a boost mode is entered, the charger/load connection port VO/VIN acting as a boost output port. When the output voltage is higher than the energy storage element voltage, the body diode control circuit 9 connects the substrate Sub1 of the PMOS power transistor 3 to the first terminal of the charger/load connection port VO/VIN, and connects the substrate Sub2 of the load detection PMOS transistor 10 to the first terminal of the charger/load connection port VO/VIN. At this time, the energy storage element, the inductor, the NMOS power transistor and the PMOS power transistor form a typical synchronous rectification BOOST circuit, so that the output port of the converter outputs a stable voltage output higher than the positive voltage of the energy storage element. In boost mode, if the load current value is smaller than the current threshold, after being detected by the logic control circuit and after a first time delay, the converter enters standby mode, the body diode control circuit 9 connects the substrate Sub1 of the PMOS power transistor 4 to the second electrode 42 of the PMOS power transistor 4, and the substrate Sub2 of the load detection PMOS transistor to the second terminal 102 of the energy storage element connection port. The current threshold may be in a range of 5mA to 20mA, and the first time may be in a range of 4s to 8s.
In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, after the converter is connected to the energy storage element, if no load is connected to the charger/load connection port VO/VIN or the charger is connected to the charger, a first voltage of a first terminal of the charger/load connection port VO/VIN is pulled up to a second voltage of a second terminal of the energy storage element connection port by the load detection PMOS tube, the first voltage is approximately equal to the second voltage, and at this time, an operation mode of the converter is determined as a standby mode; in the standby mode, if the first voltage of the first terminal of the charger/load connection port VO/VIN is pulled down to a certain threshold value, that is, the first voltage is smaller than the second voltage, determining the operation mode of the converter as the boost mode; in the standby mode, if the first voltage of the first terminal of the charger/load connection port VO/VIN is pulled up to be greater than the second voltage, determining that the working mode of the converter is a charging mode; in the charging mode, if the charger is removed or the charger has no voltage output capability, the first voltage drops to be close to the second voltage, and the working mode of the converter is changed into the standby mode; in boost mode, if the load is removed, the load current will be less than the current threshold and the operating mode of the converter is changed to standby mode.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the operation mode of the converter is determined from the relation between the first voltage of the first terminal of the charger/load connection port VO/VIN and the second voltage of the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port, and the load current and the current threshold value, simply and reliably.
Accordingly, at least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method of determining an operating mode, the method being applicable to a converter according to the above-described embodiment of the present disclosure, the method comprising:
detecting a first voltage of a first terminal of a charger/load connection port and a second voltage of a second terminal of an energy storage element connection port, and placing the converter in a standby mode when the first voltage and the second voltage are close;
in a standby mode, switching the converter to a charging mode if the first voltage is greater than a first voltage threshold, and switching the converter to a boosting mode if the first voltage is pulled down by a second voltage threshold;
in a charging mode, switching the converter to a standby mode in the event that the first voltage drops to approximately the second voltage; and
in the boost mode, the converter is switched to the standby mode by delaying a first time when the load current is less than the current threshold.
The first voltage threshold may be an output voltage of the charger, the second voltage threshold may be a voltage 200mV lower than a positive voltage of the energy storage element, the current threshold may be in a range of 5mA to 20mA, and the first time may be in a range of 4s to 8s.
In the method for determining the working mode of the converter applicable to the energy storage element according to the embodiment of the disclosure, the working mode of the converter is determined only by comparing the relation between the first voltage of the first terminal of the charger/load connection port and the second voltage of the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port with the relation between the load current and the current threshold value, so that the logic relation is simple and the implementation difficulty is low.
At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a power supply system including the above-described converter and an energy storage element, the power supply system further including an inductance connected between a first terminal and a second terminal of an energy storage element connection port of the converter, a positive electrode of the energy storage element being connected to the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port of the converter.
In the power supply system according to the embodiment of the disclosure, the working mode of the converter is determined only by comparing the relation between the first voltage of the first terminal of the charger/load connection port VO/VIN and the second voltage of the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port and comparing the relation between the load current and the current threshold value, the logic relation is simple and reliable, the implementation difficulty is low, meanwhile, the load detection PMOS tube is introduced, the load detection precision is improved, in addition, the connection relation of the body diode control circuit is simplified, the body diode control circuit has a boosting process detection function, and the problem of electric leakage caused by switching the connection relation of the substrate of the PMOS power tube immediately when the converter enters the boosting mode is avoided.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure, so that all changes made in the equivalent structures of the description and drawings of the disclosure are included in the scope of the disclosure.

Claims (10)

1. A converter for an energy storage element, comprising: charger/load connection port, energy storage component connection port, load detection circuit, body diode control circuit, NMOS power tube, PMOS power tube, logic control circuit, drive circuit, working mode detection circuit, wherein:
the first terminal of the charger/load connection port is connected with the first electrode of the PMOS power tube, the second electrode of the PMOS power tube is connected to the first electrode of the NMOS power tube and the first terminal of the energy storage element connection port, the second electrode of the NMOS power tube is grounded, and the grid electrode of the NMOS power tube is connected with the second terminal of the drive circuit;
the first terminal of the logic control circuit is connected to the first terminal of the charger/load connection port, the second terminal of the logic control circuit is connected to the first terminal of the driving circuit, the third terminal of the logic control circuit is connected to the first terminal of the working mode detection circuit, and the fourth terminal of the logic control circuit is connected to the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port;
the second terminal of the driving circuit is connected to the grid electrode of the NMOS power tube, the third terminal of the driving circuit is connected to the grid electrode of the PMOS power tube, and the fourth terminal of the driving circuit is connected to the second terminal of the working mode detection circuit;
a third terminal of the working mode detection circuit is connected to a first terminal of the charger/load connection port, and a fourth terminal of the working mode detection circuit is connected to a second terminal of the energy storage element connection port; and
the first terminal of the body diode control circuit is connected to the first terminal of the charger/load connection port, the second terminal of the body diode control circuit is connected to the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port, the third terminal of the body diode control circuit is connected to the substrate of the PMOS power tube, and the fourth terminal of the body diode control circuit is connected to the first terminal of the charger/load connection port through the load detection circuit.
2. The converter of claim 1, wherein the load detection circuit is a load detection PMOS transistor, a first electrode of the load detection PMOS transistor is connected to the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port, a second electrode of the load detection PMOS transistor is connected to the first terminal of the charger/load connection port, a substrate of the load detection PMOS transistor is connected to the fourth terminal of the body diode control circuit, a gate of the load detection PMOS transistor is connected to a gate of the current mirror PMOS transistor, a first electrode of the current mirror PMOS transistor is connected to the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port, and a second electrode of the current mirror PMOS transistor is grounded through a bias current source.
3. The converter of claim 1, wherein the body diode control circuit comprises a comparator, an inverter, a first transmission gate, a second transmission gate, and a third transmission gate. The non-inverting input end of the comparator is connected with the first terminal of the charger/load connection port, the inverting input end of the comparator is connected with the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port, and the output end of the comparator is respectively connected with the input end of the inverter, the P end of the first transmission gate, the N end of the second transmission gate and the P end of the third transmission gate; the input end of the first transmission gate is connected with the first electrode of the PMOS power tube, the input end of the second transmission gate is connected with the second electrode of the PMOS power tube, and the input end of the third transmission gate is connected with the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port; the output ends of the first transmission gate and the second transmission gate are connected with the substrate of the PMOS power tube; the output end of the second transmission gate and the output end of the third transmission gate are connected with the substrate of the load detection PMOS tube.
4. The converter of claim 1, wherein the converter further comprises a filter capacitor connected between the first terminal of the charger/load connection port and ground.
5. The converter of claim 1, wherein the converter has a standby mode, a charging mode, and a boost mode, wherein,
when the first voltage of the first terminal of the charger/load connection port is similar to the second voltage of the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port, the converter is in a standby mode;
when the converter is in a standby mode, the converter enters a boost mode under the condition that a first voltage is pulled down; and
when the converter is in the standby mode, the converter enters the charging mode with the first voltage pulled up.
6. The converter of claim 5, wherein the converter enters a standby mode with the first voltage dropping near the second voltage while the converter is in the charging mode.
7. The converter of claim 5, wherein the converter delays the first time into the standby mode when the load current detected by the load detection PMOS is less than a current threshold while the converter is in the boost mode.
8. The converter of claim 7, wherein the current threshold has a value in the range of 5mA to 20mA and the first time has a value in the range of 4s to 8s.
9. A method of controlling an operating mode of the converter of claim 1, the method comprising:
detecting that a first voltage of a first terminal of a charger/load connection port and a second voltage of a second terminal of an energy storage element connection port are close to each other, and placing the converter in a standby mode;
in a standby mode, switching the converter to a charging mode if the first voltage is greater than a first voltage threshold, and switching the converter to a boosting mode if the first voltage is pulled down by a second voltage threshold;
in a charging mode, switching the converter to a standby mode in the event that the first voltage drops to approximately the second voltage; and
in the boost mode, the converter is switched to the standby mode by delaying a first time when the load current is less than the current threshold.
10. A power supply system comprising the converter of claim 1, an energy storage element, and an inductance connected between a first terminal and a second terminal of an energy storage element connection port of the converter, a positive electrode of the energy storage element being connected to the second terminal of the energy storage element connection port of the converter.
CN202311255498.1A 2023-09-26 2023-09-26 Converter for energy storage element Pending CN117277807A (en)

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CN202311255498.1A CN117277807A (en) 2023-09-26 2023-09-26 Converter for energy storage element

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311255498.1A CN117277807A (en) 2023-09-26 2023-09-26 Converter for energy storage element

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