CN117276918A - Antenna system, control method of antenna system, electronic device, and storage medium - Google Patents

Antenna system, control method of antenna system, electronic device, and storage medium Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117276918A
CN117276918A CN202210682086.5A CN202210682086A CN117276918A CN 117276918 A CN117276918 A CN 117276918A CN 202210682086 A CN202210682086 A CN 202210682086A CN 117276918 A CN117276918 A CN 117276918A
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China
Prior art keywords
antennas
homopolar
radio frequency
rows
antenna
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Inventor
郑占旗
段滔
刘龙
朱理辰
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Datang Mobile Communications Equipment Co Ltd
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Datang Mobile Communications Equipment Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202210682086.5A priority Critical patent/CN117276918A/en
Publication of CN117276918A publication Critical patent/CN117276918A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides an antenna system, a control method, electronic equipment and a computer readable storage medium, and relates to the technical field of communication. The antenna system comprises an antenna array and a remote radio unit, wherein homopolar antennas in every N columns of dual-polarized antennas in the antenna array are connected to one radio port of the remote radio unit through a power divider; for N rows of homopolar antennas connected to the same power divider, a phase shifter is arranged between at least N-1 rows of homopolar antennas in the N rows of homopolar antennas and the power divider. According to the antenna processing method and device, the number of the antennas is increased, the receiving and transmitting channels are not increased, the number of the channels of the antennas is not increased while the beam gain brought by the increase of the antennas is further utilized, the antenna processing method and device can be directly connected to an existing baseband signal processing module, and an existing antenna panel with fewer antennas can be replaced seamlessly.

Description

Antenna system, control method of antenna system, electronic device, and storage medium
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to an antenna system, a control method of the antenna system, an electronic device, and a storage medium.
Background
In a multi-antenna system for mobile communication, the number of antennas determines the gain of the entire antenna panel, and the larger the antenna panel is, the higher the radiation gain of electromagnetic waves is, the narrower the antenna beam is, and the higher the energy efficiency is, but the more the number of antennas is, the more transmission and reception channels are needed, and the higher the cost is.
For example, the existing 8TR (Transiver Resever, transmit-receive channel) antenna system has disadvantages of a close coverage distance, a wide beam, and a low gain compared to the antenna system with more antennas on the coverage and beam. Generally, if the number of antennas is to be increased, the coverage capability is to be improved, and the number of radio frequency channels is to be increased in an equal proportion, for example, an antenna system of 16TR/32TR/64TR is expanded, however, the cost of the radio frequency channels is increased, and the complexity of baseband signal processing and the hardware cost of digital processing are also increased by the antenna system of more channels.
Disclosure of Invention
Embodiments of the present application provide an antenna system, a control method of the antenna system, an electronic device, a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program product, which can solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art. The technical scheme is as follows:
according to an aspect of the embodiment of the application, an antenna system is provided, which comprises an antenna array and a remote radio unit, wherein homopolar antennas in every N columns of dual polarized antennas in the antenna array are connected to one radio port of the remote radio unit through a power divider;
for N rows of homopolar antennas connected to the same power divider, a phase shifter is arranged between at least N-1 rows of homopolar antennas in the N rows of homopolar antennas and the power divider.
According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a control method applied to the antenna system of the above aspect, including:
for N rows of homopolar antennas connected to the same power divider, adjusting phase differences between every two adjacent homopolar antennas in the N rows of homopolar antennas to accord with the preset analog beam directions through all phase shifters corresponding to the N rows of homopolar antennas;
determining the power coefficient of each homopolar antenna in the N rows of homopolar antennas through the power splitters connected with the N rows of homopolar antennas;
according to the phase difference between every two adjacent homopolar antennas in the N rows of homopolar antennas and the power coefficient of each homopolar antenna in the N rows of homopolar antennas, determining the analog forming beam of the radio frequency port corresponding to the N rows of homopolar antennas;
for each polarization direction, determining each radio frequency port corresponding to all homopolar antennas in the polarization direction and excitation weights of each radio frequency port, wherein the excitation weights are used for representing weights of digital channels where the corresponding radio frequency ports are located, and obtaining digital-analog mixed shaping beams of all homopolar antennas in the polarization direction according to analog shaping beams and the excitation weights of each radio frequency port.
According to another aspect of embodiments of the present application, there is provided an electronic device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory, the processor reading the computer program and performing the operations of:
for N rows of homopolar antennas connected to the same power divider, adjusting phase differences between every two adjacent homopolar antennas in the N rows of homopolar antennas to accord with the preset analog beam directions through all phase shifters corresponding to the N rows of homopolar antennas;
determining the power coefficient of each homopolar antenna in the N rows of homopolar antennas through the power splitters connected with the N rows of homopolar antennas;
according to the phase difference between every two adjacent homopolar antennas in the N rows of homopolar antennas and the power coefficient of each homopolar antenna in the N rows of homopolar antennas, determining the analog forming beam of the radio frequency port corresponding to the N rows of homopolar antennas;
for each polarization direction, determining each radio frequency port corresponding to all homopolar antennas in the polarization direction and excitation weights of each radio frequency port, wherein the excitation weights are used for representing weights of digital channels where the corresponding radio frequency ports are located, and obtaining digital-analog mixed shaping beams of all homopolar antennas in the polarization direction according to analog shaping beams and the excitation weights of each radio frequency port.
According to still another aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the control method of an antenna system described above.
According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is provided a computer program product, which when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method of controlling an antenna system described above.
The beneficial effects that technical scheme that this application embodiment provided brought are:
the homopolar antennas in every N rows of dual polarized antennas in the antenna array are connected to one radio frequency port of the remote radio unit through one power divider, and for the N rows of homopolar antennas connected to the same power divider, phase shifters are arranged between at least N-1 rows of homopolar antennas in the N rows of homopolar antennas and the power divider, and the phase shifters are combined with each path of radio frequency receiving and transmitting channel, so that the phase on each antenna is possible independently, and the degree of freedom of beam forming is ensured. The result is a digitally-analog mixed shaped beam which is theoretically higher in gain, longer in coverage distance, narrower in beam and higher in spatial discrimination than conventional antennas.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an 8TR antenna system according to the related art;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna system according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an 8TR antenna system according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a flow chart of a control method of an antenna system according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram comparing the control method of the embodiment of the present application with the shaping gain of the standard narrow beam of the related art;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram comparing the control method according to the embodiment of the present application with the coverage effect of the standard narrow beam of the related art;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application are described below with reference to the drawings in the present application. It should be understood that the embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary descriptions for explaining the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application are not limited.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless expressly stated otherwise, as understood by those skilled in the art. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," when used in this application, specify the presence of stated features, information, data, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of other features, information, data, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof, all of which may be included in the present application. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may be present. Further, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may include wirelessly connected or wirelessly coupled. The term "and/or" as used herein indicates that at least one of the items defined by the term, e.g., "a and/or B" may be implemented as "a", or as "B", or as "a and B".
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Several terms which are referred to in this application are first introduced and explained:
1) The dual polarized antenna combines antennas with +45 degrees and-45 degrees with two pairs of polarization directions orthogonal to each other and simultaneously works in a receiving and transmitting duplex mode, so that the most outstanding advantage is that the number of antennas of a single directional base station is saved.
2) The Remote Radio Unit (RRU) is divided into a near-end machine, namely a Radio base band control (RS) and a far-end machine (RRU), which are connected through optical fibers, wherein the RS can be installed at a proper machine room position, and the RRU is installed at an antenna end.
3) A phase shifter (Phaser) capable of adjusting the phase of the wave.
4) A power divider, i.e., a power divider, is a device that divides one input signal energy into two or more paths to output equal or unequal energy, and may conversely combine multiple paths of signal energy into one output, which may also be referred to as a combiner.
5) Phase is the position in its cycle of a particular moment in time for a wave, a scale of whether it is at a peak, trough or some point in between. Phase is a measure that describes the change in the waveform of a signal, usually in degrees (angles), also called intersections.
6) Beamforming (Beam Forming), a signal processing technique used for directional transmission or reception in an antenna array, is implemented by combining elements in the antenna array, and uses signals at specific angles to receive relevant interference, while other signals receive interference cancellation. Beamforming can be used for the transmitting end and the receiving end to realize control selectivity.
7) Analog beamforming, i.e., using the same signal to feed each antenna, uses an analog phase shifter to control the signal transmitted by the array, so the beam is controlled by a series of phase shifters to transmit the same signal from multiple antennas, but with different phases.
8) Hybrid beamforming combines digital beamforming with analog beamforming, i.e., partial beamforming is done by digital processing in baseband and partial beamforming is done by analog radio frequency beamformer. The number of radio frequency chains can be reduced as much as possible by starting the hybrid beamforming, so that the energy consumption and the design complexity are reduced, and the cost is further improved.
An 8TR (Transiver Resever, transceiver channel) RRU antenna system is widely used in 4G/5G mobile communication, and referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of an 8TR antenna system in the related art is shown schematically, where the antenna array is composed of 4 columns of dual polarized antennas, and the RRU has 8 radio frequency ports, so that one polarized antenna of each column of dual polarized antennas is connected to one radio frequency transceiver channel through the radio frequency port.
The existing 8TR intelligent antenna system has certain disadvantages in coverage and beam compared with intelligent antenna panels with more antennas, the coverage distance is short, the beam width is wide, the gain is low, and generally, if the number of antennas is increased, the coverage capacity is improved, the number of radio frequency channels is increased in an equal proportion, for example, the intelligent antenna system with 16TR/32TR/64TR is required, but the cost of the radio frequency channels is increased, and the complexity of baseband signal processing and the hardware cost of digital processing are also increased by the antenna system with more channels.
The present application provides an antenna system, a control method of the antenna system, an electronic device, a computer readable storage medium, and a computer program product, which aim to solve the above technical problems in the prior art.
Taking an 8TR antenna system in the related art as an example, on the basis of not increasing a digital channel of the antenna system, the antenna system and the control method thereof increase 4 columns of dual polarized antennas to 8 columns, wherein a pair of homopolar antennas (namely antennas with the same polarization direction) of each two columns are connected to a radio frequency channel through a phase shifter and a power divider to perform analog beam forming, so that an equivalent unit antenna with 3dB higher theoretical gain than a single antenna is obtained, and the corresponding beam is an analog synthesized beam. Further, 4 groups of equivalent unit antennas in each polarization direction are subjected to digital beam forming on the mode-fitted beam under the excitation of a digital channel, and finally a digital-analog mixed formed beam is obtained. Through verification, the wave beam is theoretically higher than the gain of an 8TR antenna system of a traditional 4-column dual-polarized antenna by 3dB, the coverage distance is farther, the wave beam is narrower, and the space recognition capability is higher.
The embodiment of the application provides a novel antenna system which not only increases the number of antennas, but also does not increase the receiving and transmitting channels, further utilizes the beam gain brought by the increase of the antennas, does not increase the number of channels of the antennas, can be directly connected to the existing baseband signal processing module, and seamlessly replaces the existing antenna panel with fewer antennas.
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application and technical effects produced by the technical solutions of the present application are described below by describing several exemplary embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments may be referred to, or combined with each other, and the description will not be repeated for the same terms, similar features, similar implementation steps, and the like in different embodiments.
Referring to fig. 2, a schematic structural diagram of an antenna system of an embodiment of the present application is shown, where the antenna system of the embodiment of the present application includes an antenna array and a remote radio unit, the antenna array includes M dual polarized antennas, M is k times (k is a positive integer) of N, taking M as 8 and N as 2 as an example, the 8 dual polarized antennas include 16 columns of antennas altogether, where the 8 columns of antennas may be antennas with a polarization direction of +45°, the 8 columns of antennas may be antennas with a polarization direction of-45 °, and since M is 4 times of N, that is, the antennas with one polarization direction need to be connected with 4 rf ports in total, the antennas with two polarization directions need to be connected with 8 rf ports in total, and the number of rf ports in the remote radio unit is at least 8.
In this embodiment of the present application, the homopolar antennas in each N columns of dual-polarized antennas are connected to one rf port of the remote radio unit through one power divider, and one column of antennas may not be connected to multiple rf ports at the same time, so for all the homopolar antennas, the number of rf ports required is k, and further because there are two columns of antennas in one dual-polarized antenna, the number of rf ports required is at least 2k.
Taking N as 2 as an example, two homopolar antennas in each two columns of dual polarization are connected to a radio frequency port through a power divider. When k is 4, then 8 rf ports are required.
The power divider is composed of a power inlet and a plurality of power outlets, and distributes input power internally, and then sends out from each power outlet to be connected to a corresponding antenna. The embodiment of the application is not limited to the specific type of the power divider, and may be, for example, a microstrip or a cavity power divider.
And, for the N-column homopolar antennas connected to the same power divider, at least N-1-column homopolar antennas in the N-column homopolar antennas and the power divider are provided with phase shifters, that is, the embodiment of the application supports that each column of homopolar antennas in the N-column homopolar antennas and the power divider are provided with phase shifters, and also can be that N-1-column homopolar antennas in the N-column homopolar antennas and the power divider are provided with phase shifters. The type of phase shifter is not particularly limited in this application, and for example, a digitally tunable phase shifter may be employed.
Referring to fig. 3, a schematic structural diagram of an 8TR antenna system according to an embodiment of the present application is shown, where the antenna system includes 8 columns (m=8) of dual polarized antennas, and antennas in each column of dual polarized antennas are numbered sequentially, where an odd numbered antenna is one polarized antenna, and an even numbered antenna is another polarized antenna. In the embodiment, the homopolar antennas in every two columns of dual polarized antennas are connected to one rf port of the remote radio unit through one power divider, so k is known to be 4, and the number of the power dividers and the number of the rf ports are 2k, that is, 8. In the embodiment of the present application, when determining to connect the homopolar antennas of one rf port, the adjacent N homopolar antennas may be connected to one rf port according to the order of each antenna, which is exemplified in the present application, that is, the antenna 1 and the antenna 3 are connected to the rf port 1, the antenna 2 and the antenna 4 are connected to the rf ports 2, …, the antenna 13 and the antenna 15 are connected to the rf port 7, and the antenna 14 and the antenna 16 are connected to the rf port 8.
The embodiment of the application also provides a control method for the antenna system, and the control method has the main conception that the phase difference between two adjacent homopolar antennas is realized, the power coefficients of the two adjacent homopolar antennas are controlled, the analog beam forming between the two antennas of the vector is realized based on the phase difference and the power coefficients between the homopolar antennas, all antennas in each polarization direction are excited through a digital channel, and finally a digital-analog mixed formed beam is obtained.
Referring to fig. 4, a flow chart of a control method of an antenna system according to an embodiment of the present application is shown, and as shown in the drawing, the method includes:
s101, for N rows of homopolar antennas connected to the same power divider, adjusting phase differences between every two adjacent homopolar antennas in the N rows of homopolar antennas to meet the preset analog beam direction through all phase shifters corresponding to the N rows of homopolar antennas.
It should be noted that, in calculating the phase difference, the present application specifically uses N rows of homopolar antennas connected to the same power divider as a set of processing objects, for each phase shifter corresponding to the set of processing objects (if N rows of homopolar antennas are all connected to one phase shifter, the number of phase shifters is N, if one homopolar antenna is not connected to one phase shifter, the number of phase shifters is N-1), and the phase shifter is used to adjust the homopolar antennas connected to the phase shifter, so as to determine the phase difference between two adjacent homopolar antennas in the N rows of homopolar antennas.
Taking the antenna system described in fig. 3 as an example, all antennas are divided into 8 groups, namely (1, 3), (2, 4), (5, 7), (6, 8), (9, 11), (10, 12), (13, 15), (14, 16), and the phase difference between each group of antennas is controlled by two phase shifters corresponding to the group of antennas, for example, the phase difference between the antennas 1 and 3 has different phase adjustment amounts generated by the phase shifter 1 and the phase shifter 3 respectively, so that the phase difference value between the antennas 1 and 3 conforms to the pre-configured analog beam direction.
Let k's (1-16) th phase shifter control the digitally generated phase shift amount (delay of signal received by antenna is represented by phase shift amount, abbreviated as phase shift amount) asThe phase difference between the corresponding antenna 1 and antenna 3 of channel 1 can be expressed as +.>Similarly, the phase differences between the remaining 7 groups of antennas corresponding to the 8 rf channels in fig. 3 are respectively:
it should be noted that the phases of the embodiments of the present application are all measured in radians.
Referring to fig. 5, a schematic structural diagram of a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present application is shown, where the phase shifter is composed of two radio frequency interfaces (a radio frequency inlet and a radio frequency outlet) and a phase control interface, and the phase shifter controls and adjusts a phase difference between the radio frequency outlet and the inlet through digital signals.
S102, determining the power coefficient of each homopolar antenna in the N rows of homopolar antennas according to the power splitters connected with the N rows of homopolar antennas.
The power divider in the embodiments of the present application is used for power division, and it is obvious that the power divider is suitable for power division of the homopolar antennas connected to the power divider, that is, determining the power coefficient of each homopolar antenna connected to the power divider, and it should be understood that the power coefficient is a value less than 1.
Taking the antenna system shown in fig. 3 as an example, 8 channels respectively correspond to 8 power splitters, and the power splitters realize power control among antennas in a group.
The power distribution ratio plays an important role in beam forming, and the analog beam forming function can be completed by combining the phase difference obtained in the previous step.
It should be noted that the timing relationship of steps S101 and S102 in the embodiment of the present application is not particularly limited, and the two steps may be performed simultaneously.
S103, determining the analog forming beam of the radio frequency port corresponding to the N rows of homopolar antennas according to the phase difference between every two adjacent homopolar antennas in the N rows of homopolar antennas and the power coefficient of each homopolar antenna in the N rows of homopolar antennas.
In the embodiment of the application, N rows of homopolar antennas on a radio frequency channel (one radio frequency channel corresponds to one radio frequency port) are subjected to analog beam forming to obtain an equivalent unit antenna with higher theoretical gain than a single antenna, and the corresponding beam is an analog formed beam (also called an analog synthesized beam).
In this embodiment, the adjacent homopolar antennas refer to all adjacent homopolar antenna pairs in N columns of homopolar antennas, taking fig. 3 as an example, antennas 1 and 3 are a pair of adjacent homopolar antennas, 3 and 5 are a pair of adjacent homopolar antennas, 5 and 7 are a pair of adjacent homopolar antennas, 7 and 9 are a pair of adjacent homopolar antennas, and so on.
S104, for each polarization direction, determining each radio frequency port corresponding to the homopolar antenna in the polarization direction and the excitation weight of each radio frequency port, wherein the excitation weight is used for representing the weight of a digital channel where the corresponding radio frequency port is located, and obtaining the digital-analog mixed shaping beams of all homopolar antennas in the polarization direction according to the analog shaping beams and the excitation weight of each radio frequency port.
After obtaining the analog shaping wave beam of each radio frequency port, all homopolar antennas of the polarization direction are determined for each polarization direction, and under the fierce of a digital channel, the analog shaping wave beam is subjected to digital wave beam shaping, so that a digital-analog mixed shaping wave beam is obtained, and the wave beam has higher gain than the traditional antenna system, longer coverage distance, narrower wave beam and higher space recognition capability.
According to the antenna system, every N homopolar antennas are connected to one radio frequency channel through the phase shifter and the power divider, the phase difference between every two adjacent homopolar antennas in the N rows of homopolar antennas is adjusted to be consistent with the preset analog beam direction and the power coefficient of each homopolar antenna in the N rows of homopolar antennas, then the analog forming beam of the radio frequency port corresponding to the N rows of homopolar antennas is determined, and then digital beam forming is carried out under the excitation of the digital channel, so that a digital-analog mixed forming beam is obtained, the gain is higher than that of the traditional antenna system, the coverage distance is farther, the beam is narrower, and the space recognition capability is higher.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, as an optional embodiment, determining, according to a phase difference between two adjacent homopolar antennas in the N columns of homopolar antennas and a power coefficient of each homopolar antenna in the N columns of homopolar antennas, an analog shaped beam of a radio frequency port corresponding to the N columns of homopolar antennas includes:
s201, for each homopolar antenna in the N rows of homopolar antennas, obtaining an analog shaped beam of the homopolar antenna according to a power coefficient, a directional diagram, a distance between the homopolar antenna and an adjacent last homopolar antenna, a phase difference, a wavelength and a beam angle of the homopolar antenna;
s202, according to the analog shaping beams of the N rows of homopolar antennas, the analog shaping beams of the radio frequency ports corresponding to the N rows of homopolar antennas are obtained.
Taking the embodiment shown in fig. 3 as an example, for a scenario where N is 2, that is, one rf port is connected to every two homopolar antennas, the pattern of the analog shaped beam of one rf port can be expressed by the following formula:
wherein GA r (θ) represents the analog shaped beam, P, of the RF port r 1 And P 2 The power coefficients, e and j, representing the homopolar antennas 1 and 2, respectively, are constants,represents the phase difference between homopolar antennas 1 and 2, d represents the distance between homopolar antennas 1 and 2, θ∈ (-pi) is the angle range where the beam is located, λ represents the wavelength, G 1 (θ) and G 2 (θ) represents the patterns of antennas 1 and 2, respectively;
as can be deduced from the above formula, when the number N of homopolar antennas connected to one rf port is greater than 2, the formula of the directivity pattern of the analog shaped beam of the rf port is:
it should be understood that d (N-1) in this formula is the spacing between the homopolar antenna N and homopolar antenna N-1 connected by a radio frequency port.
For the first polarized antenna in the rf port, since the polarized antenna has no adjacent last polarized antenna, the analog shaped beam of the polarized antenna is determined based only on the power coefficient and the pattern of the polarized antenna.
From the simulation shaped beam, the embodiment of the application supports that the shaping result is unchanged without arranging the corresponding phase shifter for part of antennas, thus saving the phase shifter and the control cost and eliminating the insertion loss caused by the phase shifter.
Based on the foregoing embodiments, as an optional embodiment, obtaining a digital-analog mixed shaped beam of the homopolar antenna according to the analog shaped beam and the excitation weight of each radio frequency port includes:
s301, for each radio frequency port in the radio frequency ports, obtaining a digital-analog mixed forming beam of the radio frequency port according to the analog forming beam of the radio frequency port, the excitation weight, the distance between the radio frequency port and the first radio frequency port in the radio frequency ports, the wavelength and the beam angle.
S302, obtaining the digital-analog mixed shaped wave beams of all the co-polarized antennas in the polarization direction according to the digital-analog mixed shaped wave beams of the radio frequency ports.
Specifically, the digital-analog mixed shaped beam of all homopolar antennas in the same polarization direction can be expressed by the following formula:
wherein w is U The excitation weights of the radio frequency ports U are represented, and the subscripts of the excitation weights in the formula are used to represent the order of the individual radio frequency ports in the same polarization direction. DU represents the position of the U-th radio frequency port, θ ε (-pi) is the angle range where the beam is located, λ represents the wavelength, and e and j are constants.
As can be seen from the above formula, the digital-analog mixed beam of the first rf port is related to the analog beam based on the excitation weight of the first rf port, and for the other rf ports except the first rf port, the digital-analog mixed beam is further related to the wavelength, the angle, and the distance between the first rf port and the first rf port.
Taking the embodiment shown in fig. 3 as an example, taking k as 4 as an example, that is, antennas with the same polarization direction correspond to 4 radio frequency ports in total, and digital-analog mixed shaping beams of all homopolar antennas with two polarization directions can be expressed as:
for digital beam synthesis with polarization direction 1, corresponding radio frequency channels 1,3,5,7 and analog beam GA 1 (θ)，GA 3 (θ)，GA 5 (θ)，GA 7 (θ), assuming that the excitation weights output on the RF channels 1,3,5,7 are w, respectively 1 ，w 3 ，w 5 ，w 7 The final resultant digital-to-analog hybrid shaped beam in polarization direction 1 can be expressed as:
similarly, the digital-to-analog mixed shaped beam for polarization direction 2 can be expressed as:
it should be emphasized that, in fig. 3, the radio frequency ports corresponding to the antennas with different polarization directions are staggered, that is, the radio frequency ports 1,3,5,7 correspond to one polarization direction, the radio frequency ports 2,4, 6,8 correspond to the other polarization direction, in order to distinguish the expression of the digital-analog mixed shaping beam with two polarization directions, the subscript of the excitation weight w is denoted as the serial number of the radio frequency port, and correspondingly, L is denoted as the interval between two adjacent radio frequency ports, so the intervals in the expression are 0 (not shown), 2L, 4L and 6L, respectively.
According to the embodiment of the application, the loss of the power divider is 0.2dB, the loss of the phase shifter is 0.8dB, the pure digital wave beam of the 8TR antenna system of the related technology (the structure shown in fig. 1) is compared with the digital-analog mixed wave beam of the novel 8TR antenna system based on the embodiment of the application (the structure shown in fig. 3), wherein the power divider of the embodiment of the application adopts an equal-proportion power divider, and the wave beam comparison is a standard narrow wave beam.
Referring to fig. 6, a comparison diagram of the shaping gain of the standard narrow beam of the present application and the related art is shown by way of example, and as shown in the drawing, the 8TR antenna system of the embodiment of the present application is sharper and narrower than the beam of the 8TR antenna system of the related art, the beam width is reduced by 50%, the capability of distinguishing the users in the horizontal space is stronger, and meanwhile, the 2dB beam gain can be obtained, and the better coverage effect can be obtained without increasing the 8 transceiving channels.
Further reference is made to fig. 7, which schematically illustrates a comparison of the control method of the present application with the coverage effect of a standard narrow beam of the related art, as shown, the shaping gain of the present invention is higher, and the coverage is further.
The 8TR antenna system of the embodiment of the application can additionally obtain a shaping gain of 0.4 dB.
It should be noted that, the 8TR antenna system in the embodiment of the present application has more one-stage analog beam forming process, so that the beam scanning range of the pure digital beam is limited by the analog beam width, and is reduced by half compared with the horizontal field of view range of the 8TR smart antenna system in the related art. However, the antenna system of the embodiment of the application has better coverage effect in the situations that the horizontal users distribute the cells with tidal phenomenon and the narrow strip-shaped cells. The high-gain antenna system can be distributed along with users, and can intelligently adjust the coverage area of a cell.
Through verification, the 8TR antenna system provided by the embodiment of the application has the beam forming effect under ideal conditions and the coverage distance, the beam width and the gain capability basically equivalent to those of the 16TR antenna system of the related technology, so that the low-cost antenna system with fewer channels is realized, and the beam capability of more channels is achieved.
In an alternative embodiment, there is provided an electronic device, as shown in fig. 8, the electronic device 4000 shown in fig. 8 includes: a processor 4001 and a memory 4003. Wherein the processor 4001 is coupled to the memory 4003, such as via a bus 4002. Optionally, the electronic device 4000 may further comprise a transceiver 4004, the transceiver 4004 may be used for data interaction between the electronic device and other electronic devices, such as transmission of data and/or reception of data, etc. It should be noted that, in practical applications, the transceiver 4004 is not limited to one, and the structure of the electronic device 4000 is not limited to the embodiment of the present application.
The processor 4001 may be a CPU (Central Processing Unit ), general purpose processor, DSP (Digital Signal Processor, data signal processor), ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit ), FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array, field programmable gate array) or other programmable logic device, transistor logic device, hardware components, or any combination thereof. Which may implement or perform the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with this disclosure. The processor 4001 may also be a combination that implements computing functionality, e.g., comprising one or more microprocessor combinations, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, etc.
Bus 4002 may include a path to transfer information between the aforementioned components. Bus 4002 may be a PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect, peripheral component interconnect standard) bus or an EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture ) bus, or the like. The bus 4002 can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is shown in fig. 8, but not only one bus or one type of bus.
Memory 4003 may be, but is not limited to, ROM (Read Only Memory) or other type of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, RAM (Random Access Memory ) or other type of dynamic storage device that can store information and instructions, EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory ), CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory, compact disc Read Only Memory) or other optical disk storage, optical disk storage (including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media, other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store a computer program and that can be Read by a computer.
The memory 4003 is used for storing a computer program that executes an embodiment of the present application, and is controlled to be executed by the processor 4001. The processor 4001 is configured to execute a computer program stored in the memory 4003 to implement the steps of the control method of the antenna system, and specifically includes:
for N rows of homopolar antennas connected to the same power divider, adjusting phase differences between every two adjacent homopolar antennas in the N rows of homopolar antennas to accord with the preset analog beam directions through all phase shifters corresponding to the N rows of homopolar antennas;
determining the power coefficient of each homopolar antenna in the N rows of homopolar antennas through the power splitters connected with the N rows of homopolar antennas;
according to the phase difference between every two adjacent homopolar antennas in the N rows of homopolar antennas and the power coefficient of each homopolar antenna in the N rows of homopolar antennas, determining the analog forming beam of the radio frequency port corresponding to the N rows of homopolar antennas;
for each polarization direction, determining each radio frequency port corresponding to all homopolar antennas in the polarization direction and excitation weights of each radio frequency port, wherein the excitation weights are used for representing weights of digital channels where the corresponding radio frequency ports are located, and obtaining digital-analog mixed shaping beams of all homopolar antennas in the polarization direction according to analog shaping beams and the excitation weights of each radio frequency port.
Based on the foregoing embodiments, as an optional embodiment, the determining, by the electronic device, an analog shaped beam of a radio frequency port corresponding to the N columns of polarized antennas according to a phase difference between two adjacent polarized antennas in the N columns of polarized antennas and a power coefficient of each polarized antenna in the N columns of polarized antennas, includes:
for each homopolar antenna in the N rows of homopolar antennas, obtaining an analog shaped beam of the homopolar antenna according to a power coefficient, a directional diagram, a distance between the homopolar antenna and an adjacent last homopolar antenna, a phase difference, a wavelength and a beam angle of the homopolar antenna;
and obtaining the analog shaped beams of the radio frequency ports corresponding to the N rows of homopolar antennas according to the analog shaped beams of the N rows of homopolar antennas.
Based on the foregoing embodiments, as an optional embodiment, the electronic device obtains, according to the analog shaped beams and excitation weights of the radio frequency ports, digital-analog mixed shaped beams of all the antennas with the same polarization in the polarization direction, including:
for each radio frequency port in the radio frequency ports, obtaining a digital-analog mixed shaping beam of the radio frequency port according to the analog shaping beam of the radio frequency port, the excitation weight, the distance between the radio frequency port and the first radio frequency port in the radio frequency ports, the wavelength and the beam angle;
and obtaining the digital-analog mixed shaped beams of all homopolar antennas in the polarization direction according to the digital-analog mixed shaped beams of each radio frequency port.
Compared with the related art, the electronic device of the embodiment of the application can realize: aiming at an antenna system that every N homopolar antennas are connected to one radio frequency channel through a phase shifter and a power divider, the phase difference between every two adjacent homopolar antennas in the N rows of homopolar antennas is adjusted to be in line with the preset analog beam direction and the power coefficient of each homopolar antenna in the N rows of homopolar antennas, so that the analog shaping beam of the radio frequency port corresponding to the N rows of homopolar antennas is determined, and then digital beam shaping is carried out under the excitation of a digital channel, so that a digital-analog mixed shaping beam is obtained.
Embodiments of the present application provide a computer readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, where the computer program, when executed by a processor, may implement the steps and corresponding content of the foregoing method embodiments.
The embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program product, which includes a computer program, where the computer program can implement the steps of the foregoing method embodiments and corresponding content when executed by a processor.
The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," "1," "2," and the like in the description and in the claims of this application and in the above-described figures, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the present application described herein may be implemented in other sequences than those illustrated or otherwise described.
It should be understood that, although the flowcharts of the embodiments of the present application indicate the respective operation steps by arrows, the order of implementation of these steps is not limited to the order indicated by the arrows. In some implementations of embodiments of the present application, the implementation steps in the flowcharts may be performed in other orders as desired, unless explicitly stated herein. Furthermore, some or all of the steps in the flowcharts may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages based on the actual implementation scenario. Some or all of these sub-steps or phases may be performed at the same time, or each of these sub-steps or phases may be performed at different times, respectively. In the case of different execution time, the execution sequence of the sub-steps or stages may be flexibly configured according to the requirement, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
The foregoing is merely an optional implementation manner of the implementation scenario of the application, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, other similar implementation manners based on the technical ideas of the application are adopted without departing from the technical ideas of the application, and also belong to the protection scope of the embodiments of the application.

Claims (8)

1. An antenna system is characterized by comprising an antenna array and a remote radio unit, wherein homopolar antennas in every N columns of dual-polarized antennas in the antenna array are connected to a radio port of the remote radio unit through a power divider;
for N rows of homopolar antennas connected to the same power divider, a phase shifter is arranged between at least N-1 rows of homopolar antennas in the N rows of homopolar antennas and the power divider.
2. A control method applied to the antenna system of claim 1, comprising:
for N rows of homopolar antennas connected to the same power divider, adjusting phase differences between every two adjacent homopolar antennas in the N rows of homopolar antennas to accord with the preset analog beam directions through all phase shifters corresponding to the N rows of homopolar antennas;
determining the power coefficient of each homopolar antenna in the N rows of homopolar antennas through the power splitters connected with the N rows of homopolar antennas;
according to the phase difference between every two adjacent homopolar antennas in the N rows of homopolar antennas and the power coefficient of each homopolar antenna in the N rows of homopolar antennas, determining the analog forming beam of the radio frequency port corresponding to the N rows of homopolar antennas;
for each polarization direction, determining each radio frequency port corresponding to all homopolar antennas in the polarization direction and excitation weights of each radio frequency port, wherein the excitation weights are used for representing weights of digital channels where the corresponding radio frequency ports are located, and obtaining digital-analog mixed shaping beams of all homopolar antennas in the polarization direction according to analog shaping beams and the excitation weights of each radio frequency port.
3. The control method according to claim 2, wherein determining the analog shaped beam of the radio frequency port corresponding to the N columns of the polarized antennas according to the phase difference between two adjacent polarized antennas in the N columns of the polarized antennas and the power coefficient of each polarized antenna in the N columns of the polarized antennas includes:
for each homopolar antenna in the N rows of homopolar antennas, obtaining an analog shaped beam of the homopolar antenna according to a power coefficient, a directional diagram, a distance between the homopolar antenna and an adjacent last homopolar antenna, a phase difference, a wavelength and a beam angle of the homopolar antenna;
and obtaining the analog shaped beams of the radio frequency ports corresponding to the N rows of homopolar antennas according to the analog shaped beams of the N rows of homopolar antennas.
4. A control method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the obtaining the digital-analog mixed shaped beams of all the homopolar antennas in the polarization direction according to the analog shaped beams and the excitation weights of the radio frequency ports comprises:
for each radio frequency port in the radio frequency ports, obtaining a digital-analog mixed shaping beam of the radio frequency port according to the analog shaping beam of the radio frequency port, the excitation weight, the distance between the radio frequency port and the first radio frequency port in the radio frequency ports, the wavelength and the beam angle;
and obtaining the digital-analog mixed shaped beams of all homopolar antennas in the polarization direction according to the digital-analog mixed shaped beams of each radio frequency port.
5. An electronic device for use in the antenna system of claim 1, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory, wherein the processor reads the computer program and performs the following operations:
for N rows of homopolar antennas connected to the same power divider, adjusting phase differences between every two adjacent homopolar antennas in the N rows of homopolar antennas to accord with the preset analog beam directions through all phase shifters corresponding to the N rows of homopolar antennas;
determining the power coefficient of each homopolar antenna in the N rows of homopolar antennas through the power splitters connected with the N rows of homopolar antennas;
according to the phase difference between every two adjacent homopolar antennas in the N rows of homopolar antennas and the power coefficient of each homopolar antenna in the N rows of homopolar antennas, determining the analog forming beam of the radio frequency port corresponding to the N rows of homopolar antennas;
for each polarization direction, determining each radio frequency port corresponding to all homopolar antennas in the polarization direction and excitation weights of each radio frequency port, wherein the excitation weights are used for representing weights of digital channels where the corresponding radio frequency ports are located, and obtaining digital-analog mixed shaping beams of all homopolar antennas in the polarization direction according to analog shaping beams and the excitation weights of each radio frequency port.
6. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein determining the analog shaped beam of the radio frequency port corresponding to the N columns of polarized antennas based on the phase difference between two adjacent polarized antennas in the N columns of polarized antennas and the power coefficient of each polarized antenna in the N columns of polarized antennas comprises:
for each homopolar antenna in the N rows of homopolar antennas, obtaining an analog shaped beam of the homopolar antenna according to a power coefficient, a directional diagram, a distance between the homopolar antenna and an adjacent last homopolar antenna, a phase difference, a wavelength and a beam angle of the homopolar antenna;
and obtaining the analog shaped beams of the radio frequency ports corresponding to the N rows of homopolar antennas according to the analog shaped beams of the N rows of homopolar antennas.
7. The electronic device according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the obtaining the digital-analog mixed shaped beams of all the homopolar antennas in the polarization direction according to the analog shaped beams and the excitation weights of the radio frequency ports includes:
for each radio frequency port in the radio frequency ports, obtaining a digital-analog mixed shaping beam of the radio frequency port according to the analog shaping beam of the radio frequency port, the excitation weight, the distance between the radio frequency port and the first radio frequency port in the radio frequency ports, the wavelength and the beam angle;
and obtaining the digital-analog mixed shaped beams of all homopolar antennas in the polarization direction according to the digital-analog mixed shaped beams of each radio frequency port.
8. A computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the computer program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of controlling an antenna system according to any of claims 2-4.
CN202210682086.5A 2022-06-15 2022-06-15 Antenna system, control method of antenna system, electronic device, and storage medium Pending CN117276918A (en)

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