CN117270037A - Oil-gas migration prediction method based on seepage structure fine description - Google Patents
Oil-gas migration prediction method based on seepage structure fine description Download PDFInfo
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- CN117270037A CN117270037A CN202311227200.6A CN202311227200A CN117270037A CN 117270037 A CN117270037 A CN 117270037A CN 202311227200 A CN202311227200 A CN 202311227200A CN 117270037 A CN117270037 A CN 117270037A
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- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/306—Analysis for determining physical properties of the subsurface, e.g. impedance, porosity or attenuation profiles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/61—Analysis by combining or comparing a seismic data set with other data
- G01V2210/616—Data from specific type of measurement
- G01V2210/6161—Seismic or acoustic, e.g. land or sea measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
- G01V2210/624—Reservoir parameters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/64—Geostructures, e.g. in 3D data cubes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
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Abstract
The invention provides an oil-gas migration prediction method based on seepage structure fine description. The method comprises the steps of carrying out local maximization treatment on the distribution probability of the cracks through the earthquake azimuth, and simultaneously restraining the earthquake inclination to obtain the maximum probability inclination of the cracks, further finely describing the distribution of an internal seepage structure in the reservoir, then calculating seepage channels of oil and gas migration and a high-probability oil and gas gathering area by combining the oil and gas probability of the reservoir, and determining the layout position of a well to be drilled. The method has very important significance for fine description of the internal seepage structure of the buried hill fracture reservoir and evaluation of oil and gas migration, and can effectively guide exploration and development of the buried hill fracture type oil and gas reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of oil and gas exploration and development, and particularly relates to an oil and gas migration prediction method based on seepage structure fine description.
Background
The ancient buried hill fracture hydrocarbon reservoir has great potential for oil and gas exploration and development, but due to complex geological structure, strong heterogeneity of the reservoir, disordered phase of seismic reflection and poor continuity, and through multi-period evolution, reservoir space of the reservoir is various, and great challenges are brought to determining reservoir fluid transformation, oil and gas migration process and the like. On the other hand, engineering implementation of subsurface reservoir exploration also faces many challenges due to the influence of complex geological conditions, and various difficulties result in high drilling costs. Therefore, under complex geological conditions, in order to realize breakthrough of deep subsurface mountain exploration, a prediction technology of a subsurface mountain complex reservoir seepage structure needs to be perfected, and the prediction technology comprises geological model construction required by geological engineering construction of the subsurface mountain exploration, so that the integration of exploration development engineering and earthquake geology is realized.
In exploration and development, due to complex geological structure and low quality of seismic data, the conventional seismic attributes are utilized to identify the existence of multiple solutions and uncertainties of cracks and fractures in the submarine mountain, and the prediction of the oil gas activity in the submarine mountain is difficult to effectively guide. In order to determine the law of oil and gas migration, the seepage structure characteristics inside the submarine mountain need to be described finely, so that a more definite technical support is provided for the prediction of oil and gas further migration and the drilling engineering design construction in oil and gas development, the effective oil and gas reservoir exploration and drilling development operation is guided, and a foundation is laid for safe, efficient and high-quality implementation of oil and gas development. The invention realizes the fine description of the internal seepage structure in the complex reservoir, provides more reliable support for determining the migration of the oil and gas in the stratum, and has very important application value.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to realize fine description of a seepage structure in a reservoir and prediction of an oil and gas migration rule, the invention provides an oil and gas migration prediction method based on fine description of the seepage structure, which is used for carrying out reverse constraint on seismic dip angle information through fracture probability, defining seepage structure characteristics, and then carrying out combined interpretation with a reservoir gas-containing result obtained by calculation so as to predict the oil and gas migration rule and guide reservoir evaluation and oil and gas efficient exploration and development. The invention discloses an oil-gas migration prediction method based on seepage structure fine description, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) Inputting an original seismic data body U, and establishing a crack distribution probability body S, an earthquake dip angle body D and an earthquake azimuth angle body A of the U;
(2) Setting a rectangular window function W with a side length d, wherein the coordinates of the central point of W are (x 0 ,y 0 ,t 0 ) Wherein x is 0 、y 0 And t 0 Respectively representing the coordinate positions of the center point in the x, y and t directions, and the seismic azimuth angle at the center pointEarthquake dip θ=d (x 0 ,y 0 ,t 0 ) The seismic azimuth angle body A and the crack distribution probability body S are utilized to constrain the seismic dip angle body D, the crack distribution position is drawn, and the maximum probability dip angle D of the crack is determined according to the following formula SA (x 0 ,y 0 ,t 0 )：
In the method, in the process of the invention,and->Respectively represent azimuth angles +.>Coordinates of the sample points in the x, y and t directions,representing the crack distribution probability value of the point, +.>null indicates null processing;
(3) Moving the rectangular window function W in the x direction, the y direction and the t direction respectively until the calculation of the maximum probability dip angle of the crack of the whole original seismic data body U is completed, and obtaining a maximum probability dip angle body D of the crack SA ；
(4) Performing seismic instantaneous spectrum energy decomposition on U by using a high-precision seismic signal time-frequency analysis method:
wherein ω is angular frequency, U (ω) is instantaneous spectrum of the seismic data U, and M represents the result of energy decomposition of the instantaneous spectrum of the seismic data;
(5) Determining dominant frequency ω of seismic data U 0 Calculating the oil and gas probability G of the reservoir by using the result M of the seismic instantaneous spectrum energy decomposition:
G＝ω 0 M 2 ，
(6) Seismic dip D with maximum probability of fracture SA And the data of the oil and gas containing probability G of the reservoir, calculating a seepage channel of oil and gas migration and a high-probability oil and gas containing gathering area, and determining the layout position of the well to be drilled by using the high-probability oil and gas containing gathering area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an implementation of a method for predicting migration of oil and gas based on a fine description of a seepage structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a raw seismic data section of an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a fracture maximum probability seismic dip data profile of an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a profile of reservoir hydrocarbon profile data according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a cross-section of migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons based on a fine description of the structure of seepage in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention:
as shown in fig. 1, the oil-gas migration prediction method based on seepage structure fine description provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1: the original seismic data volume U to be interpreted is input.
FIG. 2 shows a cross section extracted from an original seismic data volume, wherein the abscissa in the diagram represents the number of auxiliary lines, the total number of lines is 450, the inter-line distance is 25 m, the ordinate in the diagram represents the sampling time, the starting time shown in the diagram is 4.0 seconds, the ending time is 5.4 seconds, the time sampling interval of the seismic data is 2 milliseconds, the number of sampling points is 701, the light dotted line along the dark-colored homophase axis in the diagram is the position of an interface on a target reservoir in a seismic image, the darker the color in the diagram is the larger the seismic amplitude value, and the more obvious characteristics of a down-the-road structure (protrusion) can be seen from the diagram;
s2: establishing crack distribution probability S, earthquake dip angle D and earthquake azimuth angle A;
s3: a rectangular window W is set, the window side length is d=3, and the center point coordinates of the window are (x 0 ,y 0 ,t 0 ) Wherein x is 0 、y 0 And t 0 Respectively representing the coordinate positions of the central point in the x, y and t directions of the three-dimensional seismic data, wherein the central point has 8 adjacent sample points in the rectangular window W, and the central point of the rectangular window W has an earthquake azimuth angleSeismic dip +.>The earthquake inclination angle D is restrained by utilizing the earthquake azimuth angle and the crack distribution probability, namely, the corresponding earthquake inclination angle D (x) is formed while the crack distribution position is drawn 0 ,y 0 ,t 0 )：
In the method, in the process of the invention,and->Respectively represent the center point +.>Coordinates of the sample point in the direction x, y and t, +.>Representing the crack distribution probability value of the point, +.>null indicates null processing, D SA (x 0 ,y 0 ,t 0 ) Representing the obtained maximum probability dip angle of the crack, moving the rectangular window W until the calculation of the whole data body is completed, and obtaining the maximum probability earthquake dip angle attribute D of the crack SA ，D SA (x 0 ,y 0 ,t 0 )∈D SA ；
As shown in fig. 3, the position of a section extracted from the seismic dip angle data body with the highest probability of fracture is the same as that of the seismic section in fig. 2, the abscissa represents the number of auxiliary lines, 450 lines are taken, the interval between lines is 25 meters, the ordinate represents the sampling time, the starting time shown in the figure is 4.0 seconds, the ending time is 5.4 seconds, the time sampling interval of the seismic data is 2 milliseconds, 701 sampling points are provided, the light dotted line in the figure is the position of the interface on the target reservoir in the section, the black lines and the dark shaded areas represent the development area of the fracture, namely the development of the seepage structure, the lighter the color shows that the fracture is less, and the seepage structure does not develop. As can be seen from fig. 3, at the top of the submarine mountain, the crack development probability is low, a compact layer can be formed and used as an oil gas trap, and black lines are widely distributed in the submarine mountain, which indicates that the internal seepage structure is developed, and the top end of the internal seepage structure is basically towards the crack non-development area at the top of the submarine mountain.
S4: the method comprises the steps of performing seismic instantaneous spectrum energy decomposition on an original seismic data body U by using a high-precision seismic signal time-frequency analysis method:
wherein ω is angular frequency, U (ω) is instantaneous spectrum of the seismic data U, and M represents the result of energy decomposition of the instantaneous spectrum of the seismic data;
s5: determining dominant frequency ω of seismic data U 0 =17 Hz, and on the basis of the seismic instantaneous spectral energy decomposition result M, the reservoir hydrocarbon probability is calculated, namely:
G＝ω 0 M 2 ，
wherein G represents the reservoir hydrocarbon-bearing probability result;
FIG. 4 is a cross section taken from the reservoir hydrocarbon-bearing probability results at the same location as the cross section of FIGS. 2 and 3, with the abscissa representing the number of auxiliary lines, 450 total lines, 25 meters in line spacing, the ordinate representing the sampling time, the start time shown in the figure being 4.0 seconds, the end time being 5.4 seconds, the time sampling interval for the seismic data being 2 milliseconds, the number of sampling points being 701, the dashed line in the figure being the location of the target reservoir upper interface in the cross section, the dark shading indicating that there is a potential for significant accumulation of hydrocarbon in this region, and the light background indicating a low likelihood of hydrocarbon accumulation. As can be seen from fig. 4, there are shadow areas at the top of the down-the-mine and at the left and right sides of the top, which indicates that the probability of oil and gas content is higher in the three places;
s6: using fracture maximum probability seismic dip D SA And the reservoir oil-gas probability result G is used for determining an oil-gas migration seepage channel and an oil-gas accumulation area and determining the layout position of the well to be drilled.
As shown in fig. 5, which is a section of the migration and accumulation results of the oil and gas, the section is the same as the section in fig. 2 to 4, the abscissa in the drawing shows the number of auxiliary lines, 450 lines are all, the interval between lines is 25 m, the ordinate shows the sampling time, the starting time shown in the drawing is 4.0 seconds, the ending time is 5.4 seconds, the time sampling interval of the seismic data is 2 ms, 701 sampling points are shown in the drawing, the oil and gas with lighter mass migrates to the top of the submarine in the direction indicated by the arrow in the drawing, the accumulation is generated under the sealing of the construction trap, the oil and gas accumulation area is mainly located at three positions of OG-1, OG-2 and OG-3, the possibility that the oil and gas accumulated in OG-2 migrates to OG-1 is located in an seepage structure, the oil and gas belongs to the migration state, the oil and gas migrates to the top of the submarine region from the right side of the submarine region to the submarine region from the T-1 to the T-5, the submarine region from the middle of the submarine region to the deep region to the top of the submarine region from the T-9 is determined in the drawing, and the position of the submarine region is shown in the figure is determined from the top of the straight line to the figure.
The method has the advantages that:
(1) The invention uses a high-efficiency high-precision crack identification method, which can effectively identify the internal crack network aiming at the geological condition of complex ancient buried mountain stratum;
(2) Restricting the earthquake dip angle through the earthquake azimuth angle and the crack distribution probability, describing the crack network space distribution serving as a seepage channel, and quantitatively explaining the characteristic information of the crack networks;
(3) The reservoir oil-containing probability estimation result is combined with the fracture maximum probability earthquake inclination angle, so that the seepage channel and the oil-containing gas gathering area of oil-gas migration can be effectively predicted, an effective basis is provided for well drilling well position deployment, and the interpretation precision and development efficiency of the ancient buried hill oil-gas reservoir are improved.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, and various implementation steps of the method may be changed, and all equivalent changes and modifications performed on the basis of the technical solutions of the present invention should not be excluded from the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The oil-gas migration prediction method based on seepage structure fine description is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps of:
(1) Inputting an original seismic data body U, and establishing a crack distribution probability body S, an earthquake dip angle body D and an earthquake azimuth angle body A of the U;
(2) Setting a rectangular window function W with a side length d, wherein the coordinates of the central point of W are (x 0 ，y 0 ，t 0 ) Wherein x is 0 、y 0 And t 0 Respectively representing the coordinate positions of the center point in the x, y and t directions, and the seismic azimuth angle at the center pointEarthquake dip θ=d (x 0 ，y 0 ，t 0 ) The seismic azimuth angle body A and the crack distribution probability body S are utilized to constrain the seismic dip angle body D, the crack distribution position is drawn, and the maximum probability dip angle D of the crack is determined according to the following formula SA （x 0 ，y 0 ，t 0 )：
In the method, in the process of the invention,and->Respectively represent azimuth angles +.>Coordinates of the sample points in the x, y and t directions,representing the crack distribution probability value of the point, +.>null indicates null processing;
(3) Moving the rectangular window function W in the x, y and t directions respectively until the calculation of the maximum probability dip angle of the crack of the whole original seismic data body U is completed, and obtaining a maximum probability dip angle body D of the crack SA ；
(4) Performing seismic instantaneous spectrum energy decomposition on U by using a high-precision seismic signal time-frequency analysis method:
wherein ω is angular frequency, U (ω) is instantaneous spectrum of the seismic data U, and M represents the result of energy decomposition of the instantaneous spectrum of the seismic data;
(5) Determining dominant frequency ω of seismic data U 0 Calculating the oil and gas probability G of the reservoir by using the result M of the seismic instantaneous spectrum energy decomposition:
G＝ω 0 M 2 ，
(6) Seismic dip D with maximum probability of fracture SA And the data of the oil and gas containing probability G of the reservoir, calculating a seepage channel of oil and gas migration and a high-probability oil and gas containing gathering area, and determining the layout position of the well to be drilled by using the high-probability oil and gas containing gathering area.
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