CN112180465B - Well-seismic combined stratum spread determination method - Google Patents
Well-seismic combined stratum spread determination method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a well-seismic combined stratum spread determination method, and belongs to the technical field of petroleum exploration and development. The invention can use the well logging curve after the smoothing treatment which is adaptive to the seismic resolution precision on the basis of analyzing the stratum longitudinal resolution precision of the seismic data, so that the stratum structure characteristic can be more reasonably known; and the synthetic record contrast research of the stratum disturbance is developed based on a smooth logging curve adaptive to the seismic resolution precision and the deterministic wavelet of the-90-degree phase, the accuracy of recognizing the seismic response characteristics is improved, and the accuracy and the reliability of the stratum spread obtained based on the well-seismic combination are obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a well-seismic combined stratum spread determination method, and belongs to the technical field of petroleum exploration and development.
Background
Foreigners continuously gain new knowledge in explaining the stratum spread by applying technologies such as well drilling data, seismic attributes, seismic forward modeling, reservoir inversion and the like, and form various technical methods. At present, in the aspect of stratum interpretation research, the mainstream research direction is to develop stratum interpretation research towards thinner and thinner fine scales, and the longitudinal resolution precision of the thin and mutual stratum is improved by comprehensively applying different frequency band information of seismic data and well drilling data, so that richer research results are obtained.
A well zone is a three-dimensional seismic data coverage zone, 18 wells such as W1, W2 and W3 are drilled, the plane distribution of the wells is shown in figure 2, wherein three wells such as W16, W17 and W18 drill mudstone in a target interval, and the rest 15 wells such as W1 to W15 drill sandstone in the target interval. In the early stage of the well, conventional explanation ideas are adopted to carry out sandstone formation distribution research, and desanding tests are carried out on three thin sand layers on the basis of synthetic record calibration (W3 wells are selected for analysis in the example, and the single-well analysis in the attached drawing takes the well as an example), as shown in the attached drawing 1, the three thin sand layers in the drawing are marked by three rectangular frames respectively, so that after desanding, the amplitude of a trough marked by a virtual transverse line on a synthetic record waveform is obviously enhanced, and therefore the seismic amplitude can be weakened under the condition that sandstone exists; from this recognition, seismic horizons are traced on the seismic data that account for the valleys indicated by the horizontal dashed lines, and a seismic amplitude attribute map along the horizon is extracted, as shown in FIG. 2; however, comprehensive analysis is performed according to the sandstone condition of the drilled well, the seismic amplitude attribute and the desanding test conclusion, and it is found that the distribution characteristics of the weak amplitude region (shown as black in the figure) of the amplitude attribute graph have low conformity with the plane distribution region of the sandstone development well (15 wells such as W1-W15), and the comprehensiveness of the stratum interpretation result is strong, so that the conventional method is difficult to effectively guide the seismic geological comprehensive research of the region, and a more effective stratum spread interpretation technology needs to be explored.
Therefore, the current technical method for jointly interpreting the stratigraphic distribution by the well and the earthquake is insufficient in studying the longitudinal resolution capability of the stratigraphic of the seismic data, and the stratigraphic interpretation study is carried out under the condition exceeding the longitudinal resolution precision of the stratigraphic of the seismic data, so that the stratigraphic interpretation result is often high in uncertainty and insufficient in reliability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a well-seismic combination stratigraphic spread determination method, which is used for solving the problems of high uncertainty and low reliability of stratigraphic spread interpretation results obtained by the current well-seismic combination mode.
The invention provides a well-seismic combined stratigraphic distribution determination method for solving the technical problems, which comprises the following steps:
1) acquiring seismic data and logging data of a target work area, and determining the dominant frequency of the seismic data according to the frequency spectrum data of the seismic data;
2) selecting a Rake wavelet with the same frequency as the seismic data main frequency and the phase of 0 degree to perform synthetic record calibration on the drilled well, and extracting a deterministic wavelet;
3) rotating the phases of the deterministic wavelet and the seismic data to-90 degrees to obtain the deterministic wavelet and the seismic data with the phase of-90 degrees;
4) determining stratum longitudinal resolution precision which can be achieved by seismic data through seismic forward modeling according to stratum velocity data, density data and thickness variation range of a stratum structure of logging data;
5) according to the stratum longitudinal resolution precision, smoothing the logging curve in the logging information in a corresponding scale;
6) determining the seismic response characteristics of the target stratum by utilizing the deterministic wavelet of the-90-degree phase based on the smoothed logging curve;
7) according to the seismic response characteristics of the target stratum, tracking and explaining a seismic horizon by using seismic data of a-90-degree phase, and extracting the seismic amplitude attribute of an edge layer;
8) and determining the spread of the target stratum according to the seismic response characteristics of the target stratum, the seismic amplitude attribute of the stratums and the drilled stratum information.
The method comprises the steps of performing synthetic record calibration by using 0-degree Rake wavelets with the same seismic dominant frequency and extracting deterministic wavelets; respectively carrying out phase rotation on the deterministic wavelet and the seismic data to obtain a-90-degree deterministic wavelet and a-90-degree seismic data; then, forward modeling is carried out by utilizing a-90-degree deterministic wavelet to analyze the stratum longitudinal resolution precision of the seismic data, accordingly, a logging curve is smoothed, the macroscopic structure characteristic of the stratum is analyzed, the seismic response characteristic of the stratum is forward modeled and determined by utilizing the-90-degree deterministic wavelet based on the smoothed logging curve, the horizon is tracked by utilizing a-90-degree phase seismic data, and the amplitude attribute is extracted; and finally, carrying out comprehensive analysis according to the amplitude attribute graph, the seismic response characteristics and the drilled stratum information to obtain a stratum spread interpretation result with high reliability. The invention can use the well logging curve after the smoothing treatment which is adapted to the seismic resolution precision on the basis of analyzing the stratum longitudinal resolution precision of the seismic data, so that the stratum structure characteristic can be more reasonably known; and the synthetic record contrast research of the stratum disturbance is developed based on a smooth logging curve adaptive to the seismic resolution precision and the deterministic wavelet of the-90-degree phase, the accuracy of recognizing the seismic response characteristics is improved, and the accuracy and the reliability of the stratum spread obtained based on the well-seismic combination are obviously improved.
Further, in order to ensure the accuracy of the resolution precision and further improve the reliability of the stratigraphic distribution interpretation, the determination process of the stratum longitudinal resolution precision which can be achieved by the seismic data in the step 4) is as follows:
establishing wave impedance models of different sandstone-shale thickness intervals according to the speed data and the density data of different lithologic strata and the thickness variation range of the stratum structure;
and respectively carrying out forward modeling on each established wave impedance model by utilizing the-90-degree deterministic wavelets to obtain seismic waveforms corresponding to different sandstone thickness intervals, and selecting the sandstone thickness interval of the seismic waveform which corresponds to the lithological structure to be the best as the stratum longitudinal resolution precision which can be achieved by seismic data.
Further, in the step 3), the phase of the obtained deterministic wavelet is rotated to 0 degree, and then the phase of the deterministic wavelet with the phase of 0 degree is rotated to-90 degrees.
Further, in the step 3), the seismic data is subjected to phase rotation according to the sum of the degrees of the two phase rotations of the deterministic wavelet, and the seismic data with the phase of-90 degrees is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a well-seismic method for determining the formation spread of a well-seismic complex according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of seismic response characteristics obtained by analysis of a conventional thin-layer desanding test;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the amplitude attribute along the horizon for raw seismic data acquired in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of spectral analysis of seismic data obtained in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a synthetic record calibration and extracted deterministic wavelet obtained in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6-a is a diagram of the phase of the original deterministic wavelet obtained in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6-b is a schematic diagram of a deterministic wavelet phase rotated to 0 degrees in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6-c is a schematic diagram of a deterministic wavelet phase rotated to-90 degrees in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a composite record of-90 degree seismic data and-90 degree deterministic wavelets in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8-a is a schematic diagram of an equi-thickness interval sand shale thin interbed wave impedance model in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8-b is a schematic diagram of a forward modeling result of a thin interbed of equal-thickness interval sandstone and shale in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of a well log after smoothing in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a representation of a smoothed log and a-90 degree deterministic wavelet forward modeling to obtain a formation seismic response in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating horizon tracking for 90-degree seismic data according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a plan view of the along-the-horizon amplitude attribute for-90 phase seismic data obtained in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
Method embodiment
According to the seismic reflection principle, the waveform of the original seismic data is the reflection of a stratum reflection interface, and has no direct corresponding relation with a stratum section, so that the indirect analysis process of the stratum reflection interface is needed when the stratum is spread, and the complexity is high; meanwhile, the superposition result of reflected waves of the top interface and the bottom interface of the stratum section causes a wider distribution range of the reflected wave in the longitudinal direction, influences the longitudinal resolution precision of the stratum and is not beneficial to fine depiction of the thin mutual stratum.
By rotating the phases of the deterministic wavelet and the seismic data to-90 degrees, the seismic waveform of the stratum is changed to be symmetrically distributed by taking the stratum as a center, so that the direct corresponding relation between the seismic data and the stratum section can be established, and the direct corresponding explanation of the stratum section by using the seismic data is facilitated; meanwhile, through the phase shift processing process, the longitudinal waveform width of the seismic waveform of the 'stratum section' can be narrowed, and the longitudinal resolution precision of the thin interbed can be enhanced.
Therefore, the invention uses the 0-degree Rake wavelets with the same earthquake dominant frequency to carry out synthesis record calibration and extract the deterministic wavelets; performing phase rotation on the deterministic wavelet to obtain a-90-degree deterministic wavelet; performing phase rotation on the seismic data according to the wavelet phase rotation degrees to obtain-90-degree seismic data; using-90 degree certainty wavelet to analyze the stratum longitudinal resolution precision of the seismic data, smoothing the logging curve according to the stratum longitudinal resolution precision, and analyzing the macro structure characteristic of the stratum; based on a smooth logging curve, using-90-degree deterministic wavelets to forward and clarify seismic response characteristics of the stratum; tracking horizons by using-90-degree phase seismic data and extracting an amplitude attribute map; and comprehensively analyzing according to the amplitude attribute graph, the seismic response characteristics and the drilled stratum information to obtain a stratum spread interpretation result with high reliability. The implementation flow of the method is shown in fig. 1, and a specific implementation means of the invention is described in detail below by taking a specific work area as an example.
The specific work area has drilled 18 wells such as W1, W2, W3 and the like, and the plane distribution of the wells is shown in figure 3, wherein three wells such as W16, W17 and W18 drill mudstone in the target interval, and the rest 15 wells such as W1 to W15 drill sandstone in the target interval.
1. And acquiring seismic data and logging data of the target work area, and determining corresponding main frequency information based on the seismic data.
For the embodiment, the frequency spectrum distribution of the three-dimensional seismic data covering the target work area is determined as shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen from fig. 4 that the corresponding dominant frequency is about 35Hz, and the dominant frequency refers to the frequency corresponding to the maximum amplitude energy point in the seismic waves; the target zone in this embodiment has 18 wells, and thus the acquired well log data includes data for 18 wells, each well including a conventional well log, such as a natural gamma curve, a sonic curve, a density curve, etc.
2. And (5) performing synthetic record calibration by utilizing the Rake wavelets, and extracting the deterministic wavelets.
In the embodiment, a 0-degree phase rake wavelet which is the same as the seismic data dominant frequency (35Hz) is selected, the rake wavelet is used for respectively carrying out synthetic record calibration on the inner 18 wells of the work area, and then the well-to-seismic combination is used for extracting the deterministic wavelet. FIG. 5 shows the correspondence of a synthetic record of a deterministic wavelet to a parawell seismic trace, with the position of the interval of interest marked within a rectangular box on the log, and the waveform of the deterministic wavelet shown on the right side of FIG. 5.
3. The deterministic wavelet is phase rotated.
When a deterministic wavelet is rotated, it needs to be rotated to 0 degree first and then to-90 degrees. The application condition of the-90-degree phase shift technology is based on 0-phase seismic data, and the waveform characteristics of the 'stratum section' can be optimally symmetrical by taking the stratum as the center only by performing phase shift based on the 0-phase seismic data, so that the stratum identification precision is improved.
For this embodiment, the phase distribution of the obtained deterministic wavelet is shown in fig. 6-a, and it can be seen that the corresponding phase is about-65 degrees, the deterministic wavelet is first subjected to phase rotation for 65 degrees to obtain a 0-degree deterministic wavelet, the waveform and the phase spectrum of which are shown in fig. 6-b, and then the 0-degree deterministic wavelet is subjected to phase rotation for-90 degrees to obtain a-90-degree deterministic wavelet, the waveform and the phase spectrum of which are shown in fig. 6-c.
4. And carrying out phase rotation on the seismic data to obtain-90-degree seismic data.
The phase spectrum curve of the original seismic data has difference in phase characteristics of different frequency bands, so that the average phase characteristics of the original seismic data are difficult to accurately identify directly according to the phase spectrum curve; the change characteristics of a phase spectrum curve can be observed only by performing rotation tests of different phases on the deterministic wavelet, and whether the waveform of the wavelet is well symmetrical or not is observed to determine how many degrees the original seismic data needs to rotate to reach the 0 phase; through a phase rotation test, when the phase value of a phase spectrum curve in most frequency bands reaches the vicinity of 0 phase and the waveform of the wavelet reaches better symmetry, the rotation degree value at the moment can accurately reflect the phase characteristics of the original seismic data. Therefore, for deterministic wavelet rotation, it is necessary to rotate to 0 degrees and then to-90 degrees.
The sum of the degrees of the two wavelet rotations (in this example, 65 degrees and-90 degrees are added to obtain a sum of-25 degrees), and accordingly phase rotation of corresponding degrees (in this example, -25 degrees) is carried out on the seismic data to obtain seismic data of-90 degrees; as shown in fig. 7, the waveform on the right side of the graph is the well-side seismic trace of the seismic data with the-90 degree phase, and the synthetic recording waveform of the graph is generated by using the deterministic wavelet with the-90 degree phase, so that the synthetic recording waveform and the waveform of the well-side seismic trace at the moment still keep relatively good matching relationship.
5. And determining the stratum longitudinal resolution precision of the seismic data.
According to the speed and density data of different lithologic stratums reflected by drilled wells and the thickness change range of a stratum structure, the seismic response characteristics of various stratums with equal thickness intervals are simulated by forward modeling by utilizing the deterministic wavelet of the-90-degree phase, and the stratum longitudinal resolution precision which can be achieved by seismic data is determined. As shown in fig. 8-a, wave impedance models with equal thickness formation intervals of 5m, 10m, 15m and 20m are established according to the formation conditions of the well zones, wherein the lighter color in the wave impedance models represents a mudstone formation (the speed is 3633m/s, the density is 2.36g/cm3, the wave impedance is 8574m/s g/cm3), and the darker color represents a sandstone formation (the speed is 4420m/s, the density is 2.45g/cm3, and the wave impedance is 10829m/s g/cm 3). Respectively performing forward modeling on the established wave impedance models, and comparing and analyzing forward modeling results as shown in fig. 8-b to find that when the thickness interval of the sandstone and the mudstone is 15m, the seismic waveform and the lithologic structure have good one-to-one correspondence, which indicates that the stratum longitudinal resolution precision of the seismic data is about 15 m.
6. And smoothing the logging curve according to the resolution precision.
According to the stratum longitudinal resolution precision of the seismic data, smoothing of the corresponding scale is carried out on the well-drilled well logging curve, the longitudinal precision of the stratum reflected by the well logging curve is matched with the stratum longitudinal resolution precision of the seismic data, and the well logging curve structural characteristics of the target stratum are analyzed and determined on the basis. The average value can be obtained by adopting a sliding window method, and the well logging curve is smoothed according to the stratum longitudinal resolution precision.
In this example, since the stratum longitudinal resolution precision of the seismic data is about 15m, the well logging curve is subjected to smoothing processing with a sliding window of 15m, as shown in fig. 9, it can be seen from the figure that, compared with the original well logging curve, the morphological similarity between the smoothed GR curve and the AI curve is significantly improved, and it can be clearly seen that the wave impedance characteristics of the interval (shown in the dotted ellipse in the figure) where the target sandstone is located are significantly lower than those of the upper and lower surrounding rocks; on the unsmooth original logging curve, the wave impedance value of the single-layer thin sandstone is higher than that of the surrounding rock of the upper and lower thin layers, and the relatively microscopic formation curve characteristic and the relatively macroscopic formation curve characteristic of the smoothed logging curve have obvious difference; because the resolution ratio of the actual seismic data is far lower than that of the original logging curve, the relatively macroscopic logging curve characteristics which are adaptive to the resolution ratio of the seismic data have more important significance on the well-seismic joint interpretation of the stratum, and the necessity of developing stratum characteristic research on the seismic resolution scale is reflected.
7. And determining the seismic response characteristics of the target stratum based on the smoothed logging curve and the-90-degree deterministic wavelet.
And based on the smoothed logging curve, carrying out a synthetic record contrast test of wave impedance curve disturbance on the target stratum by utilizing the deterministic wavelet of the-90-degree phase, and analyzing and determining the seismic response characteristics of the target stratum. As shown in fig. 10, the low-wave impedance curve of the sandstone interval is filled (equivalent to removing the set of stratum), and the amplitude of the synthetic recording waveform at the position marked by the dotted horizontal line is obviously weakened at this time, which indicates that the interval of the target sandstone presents seismic response characteristics with strong amplitude.
8. And determining an interpreted seismic horizon and extracting an along-horizon seismic amplitude attribute map.
And according to the seismic response characteristics of the target stratum obtained by forward modeling, using-90-degree phase seismic data to track and interpret the seismic horizon, and then extracting an along-layer seismic amplitude attribute plane graph. In the example, according to the strong trough amplitude seismic response characteristics of the interval where the target sandstone is located, the trough homomorphic axis is subjected to horizon tracking interpretation on-90-degree seismic data (as shown in the figure 11), and a seismic amplitude plane graph along the layer is extracted (as shown in the figure 12).
9. And obtaining a stratigraphic spread interpretation result based on the seismic amplitude attribute of the stratums, the seismic response characteristics and the well drilling data.
And comprehensively analyzing by using the seismic amplitude attribute plane map of the stratums and combining the stratum seismic response characteristics and the drilled stratum information to obtain a stratum spread interpretation result with high reliability. According to the along-the-horizon seismic amplitude attribute plot of FIG. 12, the strong amplitude zones are distributed primarily in the central-south portion of the well zones and the weak amplitude zones are distributed primarily in the north portion of the well zones; according to the strong-amplitude seismic response characteristics of the sandstone interval obtained by the formation disturbance test, matching analysis is carried out on the distribution condition of the drilled sandstone, and the sandstone is found to exist in the target interval of 15 wells such as W1-W15 in the region with strong amplitude in the central and south, and the mudstone is found in the target interval of the three wells such as W16, W17 and W18 in the region with weak amplitude in the north; by combining well and seismic, the sandstone development area and the mudstone development area can be more clearly interpreted on the amplitude attribute graph, the boundary of the two areas is represented by a white dotted line in the graph, the dotted line is interpreted as the sandstone development area by south, and the dotted line is interpreted as the mudstone development area by north.
According to the embodiment, the method for jointly explaining the stratigraphic spread by using the well-seismic data can be used for more reasonably knowing the stratigraphic structural characteristics by using the logging curve which is subjected to the smoothing treatment and is adaptive to the seismic resolution precision on the basis of analyzing the stratigraphic longitudinal resolution precision of the seismic data; based on a smooth logging curve result adaptive to the seismic resolution precision, a-90-degree phase deterministic wavelet is adopted to develop synthetic record contrast research of stratum disturbance, and the seismic response characteristics of the stratum are known more accurately; under the guidance of the researches, the phase-optimized seismic data are used, and the interpretation research of stratum spread is jointly carried out by well-to-seismic, so that the accuracy and the reliability of stratum interpretation results can be obviously improved.
Claims (3)
1. A well-seismic combined stratum spread determination method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) acquiring seismic data and logging data of a target work area, and determining the dominant frequency of the seismic data according to the frequency spectrum data of the seismic data;
2) selecting a Rake wavelet with the same frequency as the seismic data main frequency and the phase of 0 degree to perform synthetic record calibration on the drilled well, and extracting a deterministic wavelet;
3) rotating the phases of the deterministic wavelet and the seismic data to-90 degrees to obtain the deterministic wavelet and the seismic data with the phase of-90 degrees;
4) according to the stratum velocity data, the density data and the thickness variation range of the stratum structure of the logging data, determining the stratum longitudinal resolution precision which can be achieved by the seismic data through seismic forward modeling, wherein the determination process is as follows: establishing wave impedance models of different sandstone-shale thickness intervals according to the speed data and the density data of different lithologic strata and the thickness variation range of the stratum structure;
respectively carrying out forward modeling on each established wave impedance model by utilizing the-90-degree deterministic wavelets to obtain seismic waveforms corresponding to different sandstone thickness intervals, and selecting the sandstone thickness interval of the seismic waveform which corresponds to the lithologic structure to be the best as the stratum longitudinal resolution precision which can be achieved by seismic data;
5) according to the stratum longitudinal resolution precision, smoothing the corresponding scale of the logging curve in the logging information;
6) determining the seismic response characteristics of the target stratum by utilizing the-90-degree phase deterministic wavelets based on the smoothed logging curve;
7) according to the seismic response characteristics of the target stratum, tracking and explaining a seismic horizon by using seismic data of a-90-degree phase, and extracting the seismic amplitude attribute of an edge layer;
8) and determining the spread of the target stratum according to the seismic response characteristics of the target stratum, the seismic amplitude attribute of the stratums and the drilled stratum information.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 3) comprises rotating the phase of the deterministic wavelet to 0 degree and then rotating the phase of the deterministic wavelet to-90 degrees.
3. The method for determining the stratigraphic distribution of well-seismic associations according to claim 1, wherein in step 3), the seismic data are subjected to phase rotation according to the sum of the degrees of two phase rotations of the deterministic wavelet, and the seismic data with the phase of-90 degrees are obtained.
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