CN114152985B - Method for determining boundary of underground ancient river channel and thickness of thin sand body in boundary - Google Patents
Method for determining boundary of underground ancient river channel and thickness of thin sand body in boundary Download PDFInfo
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- CN114152985B CN114152985B CN202111525224.0A CN202111525224A CN114152985B CN 114152985 B CN114152985 B CN 114152985B CN 202111525224 A CN202111525224 A CN 202111525224A CN 114152985 B CN114152985 B CN 114152985B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/30—Analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/306—Analysis for determining physical properties of the subsurface, e.g. impedance, porosity or attenuation profiles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining the boundary of an underground ancient river channel and the thickness of a thin sand body in the underground ancient river channel. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring and processing artificial seismic data on the earth surface to obtain seismic data; preliminarily judging the spatial position of the development of the target ancient river channel on the seismic data; determining a mark layer near a target ancient river channel, and carrying out seismic horizon tracking on the mark layer; determining a longitudinal time window by taking the mark layer as a guide to obtain a seismic data subvolume containing the target ancient river channel; extracting the average frequency of each seismic channel on the seismic data subvolume; determining the boundary of the target ancient river channel by using the average frequency and giving boundary judgment parameters; determining the relative thickness of the thin sand body in the internal area of the target ancient river channel by using a relation formula of average frequency and thin layer thickness; and converting the relative thickness of the thin sand body in the target ancient river channel into the thickness of the stratum by utilizing the longitudinal wave speed data. Compared with the existing method, the method can avoid the influence caused by unbalanced transverse energy among seismic channels, does not need to obtain the value of the reflection coefficient of the top or bottom interface of the sand body, does not depend on well data, can be used in a well-free area, and has high noise immunity and robustness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploration in the earth physics, in particular to the field of lithology and thin reservoir exploration, and specifically relates to a method for determining the boundary of an underground ancient river channel and the thickness of a thin sand body in the underground ancient river channel.
Background
The seismic exploration method applied to earth physics is that seismic waves are excited artificially on the earth surface, when the seismic waves propagate underground, the seismic waves are reflected and transmitted when encountering rock stratum interfaces with different medium properties, and the seismic waves are received by a geophone on the earth surface to obtain seismic records. The features on the seismic records are related to the nature and structure of the subterranean formation, and by processing and interpreting the seismic records, the nature and morphology of the subterranean formation can be inferred. As the seismic exploration is superior to other geophysical exploration methods in the aspects of the precision and accuracy of exploration, the method plays a significant role in oil and gas exploration.
In recent decades, as oil and gas exploration continues to progress, large-scale, easy-to-find tectonic traps have been explored, and oil and gas exploration targets have to turn to stratigraphic, lithological, and complex traps. The river facies are one of important sedimentary facies types, sand bodies in the ancient river channel develop and are covered by argillaceous strata from top to bottom, and the sand bodies in the ancient river channel are good oil and gas storage spaces and can form favorable lithologic trapped oil and gas reservoirs. Therefore, the ancient river sand body prediction is a very meaningful work in oil and gas exploration.
In practice, the sand inside the ancient river is often a thin layer in seismic exploration, i.e. the thickness of a single layer is smaller than 1/4 of the main wavelength of seismic wavelets, and is limited by the horizontal and longitudinal resolutions of seismic data, and the thickness of the boundary of the ancient river and the sand inside the ancient river is difficult to accurately predict. At present, the ancient river channel boundary is generally identified by means of coherent bodies, curvature bodies and the like, and the thickness prediction of thin sand bodies in the ancient river channel mainly depends on amplitude or frequency information or utilizes a seismic inversion method. The invention provides a method for determining the boundary of an underground ancient river channel and the thickness of thin sand bodies in the underground ancient river channel, which is used for determining the boundary of a target ancient river channel and calculating the thickness of the thin sand bodies in the target ancient river channel by using average frequency. Compared with the existing method, the method can avoid the influence caused by unbalanced transverse energy among seismic channels, is not limited by the absolute size of the reflection coefficient of the top or bottom interface of the sand body, does not depend on well data, can be used in a well-free area, and has high noise immunity and robustness.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a method for determining the boundary of an underground ancient river channel and the thickness of thin sand bodies in the boundary, which is used for improving the accuracy of predicting the boundary of the ancient river channel and the thin sand bodies in the ancient river channel.
The content of the invention comprises:
collecting artificial seismic data in the field, and processing the seismic data indoors to obtain post-stack seismic data;
preliminarily judging the development spatial position of the target ancient river channel on the seismic data;
determining a marker layer near a target ancient river channel, and performing seismic horizon tracking on the marker layer;
determining a proper longitudinal time window, and obtaining a seismic data sub-body containing a target ancient river channel by taking the mark layer as a guide;
extracting the average frequency of each seismic trace on the seismic data subvolume;
counting the value range of the average frequency, giving a boundary judgment parameter, and determining the boundary of the target ancient river channel;
determining the relative thickness of the thin sand body in the target ancient river channel according to a relation formula of the average frequency and the thin layer thickness;
and converting the relative thickness of the thin sand body in the target ancient river into the thickness of the stratum by utilizing the longitudinal wave velocity data.
Compared with a method for calculating the thickness of the thin layer by means of time domain amplitude information, the method provided by the invention is not limited by the absolute size of the reflection coefficient of the top or bottom interface of the river channel, and can eliminate the influence of transverse energy imbalance among seismic channels. Compared with a method for calculating the thickness of the thin layer based on the frequency domain peak value frequency, the method solves the problem that the method for calculating the thickness of the thin layer by using the peak value frequency is invalid when the frequency spectrum shape is complex and a plurality of spectrum peaks exist by calculating the average frequency of the seismic data of the target interval, and the amplitude spectrum information on each frequency value is used in the calculation process of the average frequency, so that the method has a statistical effect and is higher in actual noise resistance and robustness.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for determining the boundary of an ancient river and the thickness of thin sand bodies in the ancient river according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional work area post-stack seismic data volume according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a time slice of actual seismic data for a three-dimensional work area in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a sub-volume of seismic data including a target ancient river in a three-dimensional work area, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a frequency averaged plan view of a target interval of a three-dimensional work area in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a two-tone plan view of the average frequency of target intervals in a three-dimensional work area in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional work area target ancient river boundary diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a plan view of the relative thickness of sand bodies in a target ancient river channel of a certain three-dimensional work area according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a plan view of the sand formation in a target ancient river in a three-dimensional work area according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for determining the boundary of an ancient river channel and the thickness of thin sand bodies in the ancient river channel according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the steps of:
s101, acquiring artificial seismic data on the ground surface, and processing the seismic data indoors to obtain post-stack seismic data. Specifically, in step S101, the artificial earthquake refers to an earthquake artificially generated for exploration. When the artificial seismic acquisition is carried out in the field, the three-dimensional acquisition can be carried out on the earth surface along one surface, the two-dimensional acquisition can also be carried out along one line, and the acquired post-stack seismic data can be three-dimensional data or two-dimensional data. And selecting three-dimensional seismic data acquired by three-dimensional acquisition in a certain work area of a certain place, and carrying out application display of the embodiment of the invention. FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional work area post-stack seismic data volume according to an embodiment of the invention.
S102, preliminarily judging the space position of the development of the target ancient river channel on the seismic data. Specifically, in step S102, the method of preliminarily determining the spatial position of the target ancient river channel may be performed by directly browsing the seismic data, or may be performed by performing well seismic calibration with the help of logging data if a well drilling is performed in the work area and the target ancient river channel is encountered. The seismic data are subjected to horizontal time slice browsing, a time slice (932 ms) in the three-dimensional data is shown in fig. 3, the ancient river channel which develops in the work area can be seen from the horizontal slice, and the appearance of the ancient river channel is not fully displayed on the single horizontal slice.
S103, determining a mark layer near the target ancient river channel, and carrying out seismic horizon tracking on the mark layer. In step S103, the marker layer is an earthquake reflection event that is close to the target ancient river channel, has strong reflection energy, good continuity, and is easy to compare and track, and may be a peak reflection or a trough reflection. In this example, a trough reflection event at the upper part of the target ancient river is selected as a marker layer, and the marker layer is subjected to horizon tracking.
And S104, determining a longitudinal time window by taking the mark layer as a guide, and obtaining a seismic data subvolume including the target ancient river channel. In step S104, the longitudinal time window needs to be opened upwards along the sign layer if the target ancient river channel is above the sign layer, and needs to be opened downwards along the sign layer if the target ancient river channel is below the sign layer. In this example, the marker bed is on top of the target ancient river channel, so the longitudinal time window is open down the marker bed. The determination principle of the length of the longitudinal time window is as follows: the target ancient river channel is contained and does not need to be too large, and the longitudinal time window lengths of the seismic channels can be the same or different. In this example, the length of the longitudinal time window is determined to be 36ms, and a fixed time window is adopted, that is, the length of the longitudinal time window of each seismic channel is the same. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a three-dimensional region containing a subvolume of seismic data for a target ancient river channel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
S105, extracting the average frequency of each seismic channel on the seismic data subvolume obtained in the step S104. In step S105, the average frequency of each seismic channel is the average frequency of the discrete frequency spectrum of each seismic channel counted on the seismic data subvolume including the target ancient river, and the determination formula is:
f m,j is the average frequency of the jth seismic trace, A j (f) The amplitude spectrum of the j-th seismic channel is shown, N is the total number of seismic channels, and N is the total point number of Fourier transform. In this example, the average frequency f of the extracted target interval m,j Is shown in fig. 5.
S106, statistical averagingAnd (3) setting boundary judgment parameters in the value range of the frequency, and determining the boundary of the target ancient river channel. Mean frequency f m,j Min _ F = Min (F) m,j ),(j＝1,2,...,n)，f m,j Maximum value of (F) Max _ F = Max (F) m,j ) (j =1,2,.., n), in this example, f m,j Mainly falling between 25hz and 40hz, as shown in fig. 5. The average frequency f of the seismic channel is needed to determine whether the region in the target ancient river channel, specifically whether a certain seismic channel position is in the ancient river channel m,j The minimum value Min _ F, the maximum value Max _ F and the judgment parameter xi are comprehensively determined, and the specific determination method comprises the following steps: if f is m,j And if the position is greater than Min _ F + xi (Max _ F-Min _ F), determining the position of the seismic channel as the inside of the ancient river channel, otherwise, determining the position as the outside of the ancient river channel. The judgment parameter xi is a numerical value between 0 and 1, and is recommended to be selected between 0.6 and 0.9, and the larger the value of xi is in the value interval, the more rigorous the condition of the interior of the ancient river channel is, namely, the smaller the area of the interior of the ancient river channel is judged to be, and the more the area is, the more the area is. In this example, ξ assumes 0.8. In practice, tests can be performed to select the most favorable boundary decision parameters for characterizing the ancient river channel morphology. Fig. 6 is a two-tone plan view of the average frequency of the target interval in a three-dimensional work area in this example, where the black part of the high frequency highlights the edge of the river. And (3) delineating the target ancient river channel boundary of the black part in the graph 6 by using two smooth curves, considering the influence of various interference factors in actual seismic data and the reasonability of the spreading form of the river channel plane, abandoning scattered point positions of western parts and northern parts of the work area, which are obviously not the ancient river channel, and obtaining a target ancient river channel boundary graph shown in the graph 7.
S107, determining the relative thickness of the thin sand bodies in the target ancient river channel by using the relation formula of the average frequency and the thickness of the thin layers. The relation between the average frequency and the thickness of the thin layer is shown as
Wherein, t i Is the relative thickness of the thin sand body at the ith seismic channel position, the unit is the main wavelength of the seismic wavelet, m is the total number of the seismic channels positioned in the target ancient river channel, f Δ,i For the ith trace seismic channel average frequency f m,i With the mean frequency f of the seismic wavelets W Is divided by the average frequency f of the seismic wavelets W Is expressed as
f Δ,i The influence of the average frequency of the seismic wavelets is removed, and only the variation of the average frequency caused by the thickness variation of the thin sand bodies is reserved. The seismic wavelet is obtained by extracting from seismic data including target ancient river course by statistical method, and the average frequency f of seismic wavelet W The determination formula is as follows:
wherein A is W (f) N is the total number of points of the fourier transform for the amplitude spectrum of the seismic wavelet. In this embodiment, the average frequency f of the seismic wavelet of the interval of interest W Was 30.2hz. Fig. 8 is a plan view of the relative thickness of sand bodies in the target ancient river channel of a three-dimensional work area obtained in the embodiment. The relative thickness of the sand body is distributed in 0.1 to 0.6 main wavelength, and the sand body in the middle of the river channel is thick and the sand bodies on two sides of the river channel are thin, thereby conforming to the distribution characteristic of the sand body thickness.
And S108, converting the relative thickness of the thin sand body in the target ancient river channel into the thickness of the stratum by utilizing the longitudinal wave velocity data. The relative thickness of the thin sand body in the target ancient river channel is converted into the thickness of the stratum through the following formula: d i ＝t i ×λ w ＝t i ×T w V sand (i =1,2,.., m), where d i Is the thickness of the stratum of the thin sand body at the ith seismic channel position, lambda w Is the principal period, T, of the seismic wavelet w Is the principal period, V, of the seismic wavelet sand The sandstone is the longitudinal wave velocity, and is obtained by logging data or statistical data, and m is the total number of seismic channels positioned in the target ancient river channel. In this example, the sandstone velocity is about 3550m/s, the seismic wavelet dominant wavelength is about 110m, and fig. 9 is a calculated thickness plan of the sand body stratum in the ancient river channel of a target three-dimensional work area, in this example, the thickness of the sand body in the ancient river channel is several meters to dozens of meters, and the sand body in the river channel is in the range of several meters to dozens of metersThe sand body between is thick, and the sand body of river course both sides is thin, accords with sand body thickness distribution characteristic.
To this end (steps S101-S108), the thickness of the underground ancient river boundary and the thin sand body inside the underground ancient river boundary is obtained. Fig. 2-9 illustrate an example of three-dimensional seismic data, and in fact, the method of the present invention is equally applicable to one-dimensional and two-dimensional seismic data.
In summary, the beneficial results and advantages of the invention are as follows: a method for determining the boundary of ancient underground river channel and the thickness of thin sand body in the ancient underground river channel is provided. Compared with the existing method, the method can avoid the influence caused by unbalanced transverse energy among seismic channels, does not need to obtain the value of the reflection coefficient of the top or bottom interface of the sand body, does not depend on well data, can be used in a non-well area, and has high noise resistance and robustness.
Claims (8)
1. A method for determining the boundary of an underground ancient river channel and the thickness of thin sand bodies in the boundary is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Acquiring artificial seismic data on the earth surface, and processing the seismic data indoors to obtain post-stack seismic data;
(2) Preliminarily judging the development spatial position of the target ancient river channel on the seismic data;
(3) Determining a mark layer above and below a target ancient river channel, and carrying out seismic horizon tracking on the mark layer;
(4) Determining a longitudinal time window by taking the mark layer as a guide to obtain a seismic data subvolume containing the target ancient river channel;
(5) On the seismic data subvolume, extracting the average frequency of each seismic channel, wherein the average frequency of each seismic channel refers to the average frequency of discrete frequency spectrums of each seismic channel counted on the seismic data subvolume including a target ancient river channel, and the determination formula is as follows:
in the formula (1), f m，j Is the average frequency of the jth seismic trace, A j (f) Is composed ofThe amplitude spectrum of the jth seismic channel, N is the total number of seismic channels, and N is the total point number of Fourier transform;
(6) Determining an area belonging to the interior of a target ancient river channel and an ancient river channel boundary by using the average frequency of each seismic channel and given judgment parameters;
(7) Determining the relative thickness of the thin sand body in the target ancient river channel by using a relation formula of average frequency and thin layer thickness, wherein the determination formula is as follows:
in the formula (2), t i Is the relative thickness of the thin sand body at the ith seismic channel position, the unit is the main wavelength of the seismic wavelet, m is the total number of the seismic channels positioned in the target ancient river channel, f Δ，i Is the average frequency f of the ith seismic trace m，i With the mean frequency f of the seismic wavelets W Is divided by the average frequency f of the seismic wavelets W Is expressed as
f Δ，i The influence of the average frequency of the seismic wavelets is removed, only the variation of the average frequency caused by the variation of the thickness of the thin sand body is reserved,
the seismic wavelet is obtained by extracting seismic data including target ancient river channel by statistical method, and the average frequency f of the seismic wavelet W The determination formula of (1) is:
in the formula (3), f W Is the average frequency of the seismic wavelets, A W (f) The amplitude spectrum of the seismic wavelet is obtained, and N is the total point number of Fourier transform;
(8) And converting the relative thickness of the thin sand body in the target ancient river into the thickness of the stratum by utilizing the longitudinal wave velocity data.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the artificial earthquake of step (1) is an artificially excited earthquake for exploration purposes;
when the artificial seismic acquisition is carried out in the field, the three-dimensional acquisition can be carried out on the earth surface along one surface, the two-dimensional acquisition can also be carried out along one line, and the acquired post-stack seismic data can be three-dimensional data or two-dimensional data.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the step (2) of preliminarily determining the spatial position of the target ancient riverway development on the seismic data can be performed by directly browsing the seismic data, or by performing well-seismic calibration with the help of logging data if a well is drilled in the work area and meets the target ancient riverway.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the marker layer in step (3) is a seismic reflection event near the target ancient river channel, which has strong reflection energy, good continuity and easy contrast tracking, and can be a peak reflection or a trough reflection.
5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the longitudinal time window of step (4), if the target ancient river channel is above the sign layer, the longitudinal time window is required to be opened upwards along the sign layer, and if the target ancient river channel is below the sign layer, the longitudinal time window is required to be opened downwards along the sign layer;
the principle of determining the length of the longitudinal time window is as follows: the target ancient riverway is included and does not need to be overlarge, and the longitudinal time window lengths of the seismic channels can be the same or different.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step (6) of using the average frequency of each seismic trace requires statistical averaging of the average frequency f m，j The specific statistical method is as follows: f. of m，j Min _ F = Min (F) m，j )，(j＝1，2，...，n)，f m，j Maximum value of (Max _ F = Max (F)) m，j )，(j＝1，2，...，n)；
The average frequency f of the seismic channel is required to be within the ancient river channel of the target ancient river channel, particularly whether a certain seismic channel position is in the ancient river channel or not m，j The minimum value Min _ F, the maximum value Max _ F and the judgment parameter xi are comprehensively determined, and the specific determination method comprises the following steps: if f is m，j If the position of the seismic channel is greater than Min _ F + xi (Max _ F-Min _ F), determining the position of the seismic channel as the inside of the ancient river channel, otherwise, determining the position of the seismic channel as the outside of the ancient river channel;
the determination parameter xi is a numerical value between 0 and 1, and the determination principle of xi is as follows: the larger the value is taken in the value interval, the more rigorous the identification condition of the interior of the ancient river channel is, namely the smaller the area of the interior of the ancient river channel is, otherwise, the more the area is, in practice, the test can be carried out, and the boundary judgment parameter which is most favorable for depicting the shape of the ancient river channel is selected;
the method for determining the boundary of the target ancient river channel is characterized in that two smooth curves are used for surrounding a scattered point region determined as the interior of the target ancient river channel, the reasonability of the spreading form of the river channel plane is considered, and partial scattered point positions are abandoned if necessary.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (7) of determining the relative thickness of the thin sand bodies is performed by using the formula (2) only at the seismic channel positions determined to be inside the target ancient river channel, and not calculating outside the target ancient river channel.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (8) of converting the relative thickness of the thin sand bodies in the target ancient river channel into the thickness of the stratum is carried out by the following formula:
d i ＝t i ×λ w ＝t i ×T w V sand (i =1,2,.., m) formula (4)
In the formula (4), d i Is the thickness of the stratum of the thin sand body at the ith seismic channel position, lambda w Is the dominant wavelength, T, of a seismic wavelet w Is the principal period, V, of the seismic wavelet sand Longitudinal wave for sandstoneAnd the velocity is obtained by logging data or statistical data, and m is the total number of seismic channels in the target ancient river channel.
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| CN112698399A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-04-23 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Gravel well seismic-logging linkage constraint efficient reservoir quantitative prediction method and system |
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