CN117269224A - Evaluation method and system for gas layer water lock injury - Google Patents
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Abstract
According to the evaluation method for the gas layer water lock injury, the first water lock injury rate and the second water lock injury rate are obtained through the core nuclear magnetic resonance T2 map and the experimental mode, the nuclear magnetic resonance T2 map is utilized for the first water lock injury rate, the characteristics of the internal structure of the core can be reflected, a relatively accurate calculated value can be obtained, the second water lock injury rate is in the experimental process, the quality of the core is not required to be disassembled and measured, the operation is convenient, the average value of the first water lock injury rate and the second water lock injury rate is calculated, the advantages and the defects of each water lock injury rate obtaining mode can be comprehensively utilized, and accordingly the finally calculated water lock injury rate is closer to a true value. And constructing a first model by utilizing the relation between the blocking radius of the reservoir water lock and the oil gas exploitation rate, the water lock injury rate and the porosity, so that the optimal oil gas exploitation rate can be obtained according to the requirement of the blocking radius, and the exploitation process of oil gas is guided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of water lock injury evaluation, and particularly relates to an evaluation method and an evaluation system for gas layer water lock injury.
Background
Water lock damage is a phenomenon in which the gas phase permeability of a reservoir is reduced to different degrees due to the actions of invasion of an external fluid, precipitation of a liquid phase, adsorption and retention of drilling fluid, reverse osmosis of an aqueous phase and the like, and the damage can be temporary or permanent, which is an unavoidable problem in the exploitation process of a low-permeability reservoir, and can have different degrees of influence on the production of a gas well.
Currently, the method for determining the water lock injury mainly comprises the following steps: and (3) reversely injecting liquid into the dry rock in the holder by using an injection pump, and then measuring the gas permeability of the core when the core does not produce water by using gas drive so as to evaluate the water lock damage. However, this method requires frequent disassembly of the equipment, weighing of the total mass of the core, filling of the core, and is relatively complex to operate, and there is a certain error in the calculated water saturation compared with the true water saturation, resulting in a mismatch between the measured permeability damage rate and the liquid saturation, and also in the accuracy of the measurement results, due to secondary damage of the internal pore structure caused by frequent pressing and unloading of the core.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an evaluation method for air-bed water lock damage.
The method for evaluating the gas layer water lock damage is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: acquiring a first water lock injury rate through nuclear magnetic resonance T2 maps of a rock sample to be measured in different states, wherein the different states comprise a pressurized saturated state and a state in a dry sample, and the water lock injury rate is a permeability injury rate under irreducible water saturation;
s2: injecting a rock sample to be measured into water, using nitrogen as displacement liquid, and obtaining a second water lock injury rate by injecting water in a staged manner;
s3: and calculating the average value of the first water lock injury rate and the second water lock injury rate, and taking the average value as the water lock injury rate of the rock sample to be measured.
Preferably, the step S1 specifically includes the following sub-steps:
s11: measuring a nuclear magnetic resonance T2 map A of the rock sample to be measured in a pressurized saturation state;
s12: measuring a nuclear magnetic resonance T2 map B in a state when the rock sample to be measured is dry;
s13: respectively making an accumulated porosity curve graph of the map A and an accumulated porosity curve graph of the map B to obtain an accumulated curve C of the map A and an accumulated curve D of the map B; wherein, in the cumulative curve C and the cumulative curve D, the abscissa is the relaxation time, and the ordinate is the cumulative signal amplitude corresponding to the porosity;
s14: taking the maximum value of the signal amplitude of the accumulation curve D as a tangent point to serve as a horizontal tangent line, and obtaining an intersection point of the tangent line and the accumulation curve C;
s15: according to the intersection point, relaxation time corresponding to the intersection point is obtained, wherein the relaxation time refers to time required for achieving thermodynamic equilibrium;
s16: the ratio of the area of the accumulated curve C to the left of the relaxation time to the total area of the accumulated curve C is the first water lock damage rate; the area of the cumulative curve C on the left of the relaxation time is the area of a region surrounded by the cumulative curve C, the straight line perpendicular to the x-axis, and the x-axis, with the straight line perpendicular to the x-axis being made at the abscissa point of the relaxation time.
Preferably, the step S2 specifically includes the following sub-steps:
s21: placing the rock sample to be measured in an incubator at 107 ℃ for drying for 12 hours;
s22: filling the dried rock sample to be measured into a core holder, heating to an experimental temperature, and adjusting the pressure of the core holder to be in a net confining pressure mode;
s23: opening an injection pump to fill the injector with injection water;
s24: opening a valve between the injector and the core holder, rotating an injector handle according to a preset injection volume value to drain until the volume reaches the injection volume value, and closing the valve;
s25: n is injected at constant pressure higher than the back pressure by 0.1 MPa 2 Slowly opening the inlet valve of the clamp until the soap foam flowmeter detects that gas escapes, closing the outlet valve of the clamp when the escape volume is equal to the injection volume value, and standing for 1 h;
s26: opening the inlet and outlet valves of the clamping device under the condition of the pressure higher than the back pressure by 0.1 MPa, and using N 2 Constant-pressure displacement is carried out, and after seepage is stable, an air source valve and a clamp holder outlet valve are closed;
s27: and (3) increasing the gas injection pressure to 10 times of the injection pressure, taking out the core by taking apart experimental equipment after seepage is stable, weighing the core, taking the water contained in the core at the moment as bound water, and determining a second water lock injury rate, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:
q=k×Δpa/μ, where Q is the second water lock damage rate, K is the adjustment factor, the range of values is [0,1], a is the volume of actual water in the core, specifically obtained by dividing the mass of actual water in the core by the density of water, μ is the viscosity of water, Δp is the pressure difference between the water in the holder before and after passing through the rock.
Preferably, the injection volume value is obtained by multiplying the mass of the rock sample to be measured by the volume value of water adsorbable per unit mass of rock.
Preferably, the step S3 further includes: and respectively giving different weights to the first water lock injury rate and the second water lock injury rate, and obtaining the water lock injury rate of the rock sample to be measured in a weighted average mode.
Preferably, after the step S3, the method further includes:
s4: and inputting the water lock injury rate and the calibrated blocking radius into a first model so as to obtain the optimal exploitation rate.
Preferably, the first model adopts a convolutional neural network model, the input of the first model is calibrated with blocking radius, water lock injury rate and porosity, and the output of the first model is the optimal oil and gas exploitation rate.
According to the evaluation method for the gas layer water lock injury, the first water lock injury rate and the second water lock injury rate are obtained through the core nuclear magnetic resonance T2 map and the experimental mode, the nuclear magnetic resonance T2 map is utilized for the first water lock injury rate, the characteristics of the internal structure of the core can be reflected, a relatively accurate calculated value can be obtained, the second water lock injury rate is in the experimental process, the quality of the core is not required to be disassembled and measured, the operation is convenient, the average value of the first water lock injury rate and the second water lock injury rate is calculated, the advantages and the defects of each water lock injury rate obtaining mode can be comprehensively utilized, and accordingly the finally calculated water lock injury rate is closer to a true value. And constructing a first model by utilizing the relation between the blocking radius of the reservoir water lock and the oil gas exploitation rate, the water lock injury rate and the porosity, so that the optimal oil gas exploitation rate can be obtained according to the requirement of the blocking radius, and the exploitation process of oil gas is guided.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate and together with the description serve to explain the invention, if necessary:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an evaluation method of gas layer water lock injury according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an apparatus for performing a water lock injury measurement in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments thereof, wherein the exemplary embodiments and the description are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The method for evaluating the damage of the water lock of the air layer is described in detail below.
An evaluation method for gas layer water lock injury, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps:
s1: and acquiring a first water lock injury rate through nuclear magnetic resonance maps of the rock sample to be measured under different states.
Wherein the water lock damage rate is a permeability damage rate at irreducible water saturation.
The step S1 specifically comprises the following sub-steps:
s11: measuring a nuclear magnetic resonance T2 map A of the rock sample to be measured in a pressurized saturation state;
s12: measuring a nuclear magnetic resonance T2 map B in a state when the rock sample to be measured is dry;
s13: respectively making an accumulated porosity curve graph of the map A and an accumulated porosity curve graph of the map B to obtain an accumulated curve C of the map A and an accumulated curve D of the map B; wherein, in the cumulative curve C and the cumulative curve D, the abscissa is the relaxation time, and the ordinate is the cumulative signal amplitude corresponding to the porosity;
s14: taking the maximum value of the signal amplitude of the accumulation curve D as a tangent point to serve as a horizontal tangent line, and obtaining an intersection point of the tangent line and the accumulation curve C;
s15: according to the intersection point, relaxation time corresponding to the intersection point is obtained, wherein the relaxation time refers to time required for achieving thermodynamic equilibrium;
s16: the ratio of the area of the accumulated curve C to the left of the relaxation time to the total area of the accumulated curve C is the first water lock damage rate; the area of the cumulative curve C on the left of the relaxation time is the area of a region surrounded by the cumulative curve C, the straight line perpendicular to the x-axis, and the x-axis, with the straight line perpendicular to the x-axis being made at the abscissa point of the relaxation time.
S2: and injecting the rock sample to be measured into standard water, using nitrogen as displacement liquid, and obtaining a second water lock damage rate by injecting the liquid in stages.
The water lock damage determination process in step S2 is performed using the apparatus as in fig. 2. In fig. 2, 1 is a gas tank; 2 is a gas storage intermediate container, 3 is an injection pump, 4 is an injector, 5 is a liquid storage intermediate container, 6 is an injection pump, 7 is a gas-liquid separator, and 8 is a soap flow meter; 9 is a back pressure valve, 10 is a core holder, and 11 is a pressure reducing valve.
The step S2 specifically includes the following sub-steps:
s21: placing the rock sample to be measured in an incubator at 107 ℃ for drying for 12 hours;
s22: filling the dried rock sample to be measured into a core holder 10, heating to an experimental temperature, and adjusting the pressure of the core holder 10 to be in a net confining pressure mode;
s23: opening the injection pump 3 to fill the injector 4 with injection water;
s24: opening a valve between the injector 4 and the core holder 10, rotating the handle of the injector 4 according to a preset injection volume value to drain until the volume reaches the injection volume value, and closing the valve;
s25: n is injected at constant pressure higher than the back pressure by 0.1 MPa 2 Slowly opening the inlet valve of the core holder 10 until the soap flow meter detects gas escape, closing the outlet valve of the holder 10 and standing for 1 h when the escape volume is equal to the injection volume value;
s26: opening inlet and outlet valves of the core holder 10, and using N under the condition of pressure higher than back pressure by 0.1 MPa 2 Constant-pressure displacement is carried out, and after seepage is stable, the inlet valve and the outlet valve of the core holder 10 are closed;
s27: and (3) increasing the gas injection pressure to 10 times of the injection pressure, taking out the core by taking apart experimental equipment after seepage is stable, weighing the core, taking the water contained in the core at the moment as bound water, and determining a second water lock injury rate, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:
q=k×Δpa/μ, where Q is the second water lock damage rate, K is the adjustment factor, the range of values is [0,1], a is the volume of actual water in the core, specifically obtained by dividing the mass of actual water in the core by the density of water, μ is the viscosity of water, Δp is the pressure difference between the water in the holder before and after passing through the rock.
S3: and calculating the average value of the first water lock injury rate and the second water lock injury rate, and taking the average value as the water lock injury rate of the rock sample to be measured.
The first water lock injury rate and the second water lock injury rate are respectively obtained through nuclear magnetic resonance T2 map calculation and experiment, and in order to synthesize results of different determination modes, an average value is obtained on the first water lock injury rate and the second water lock injury rate to serve as the water lock injury rate of the rock sample to be detected.
Preferably, the water lock injury rates obtained by the two calculation modes can be weighted according to the experience of an expert, so that the water lock injury rate of the rock sample to be measured can be obtained in a weighted average mode.
S4: and inputting the water lock injury rate and the calibrated blocking radius into a first model so as to obtain the optimal exploitation rate.
The blocking radius of the reservoir water lock meets the specified relation with the oil gas exploitation rate, the water lock injury rate and the porosity, and the blocking radius is positively correlated with the oil gas exploitation rate and negatively correlated with the water lock injury rate and the porosity.
In the case of water lock damage rate and porosity determination, the blockage radius will rise sharply after the hydrocarbon production rate reaches a set value. Thus, to control the occlusion radius to be within a specified range, it is necessary to calculate the optimal hydrocarbon production rate to guide the production progress.
The first model adopts a convolutional neural network model, the input of the first model is used for calibrating the blocking radius, the water lock injury rate and the porosity, and the output of the first model is the optimal oil gas exploitation rate.
And when the first model is trained, taking the optimal oil gas exploitation rate corresponding to different blocking radiuses under different water lock injury rates and porosities as scene conditions, taking the blocking radius, the water lock injury rate and the porosities of each sample in the scene conditions as inputs, and taking the optimal oil gas exploitation rate as outputs. And after training, testing the model by using a test set, and obtaining the final first model when the error between the model output value and the output value in the test set is smaller than a preset value.
And (3) carrying out oil and gas development at the finally obtained optimal exploitation rate, so that the blocking radius can meet the preset requirement.
According to the evaluation method for the gas layer water lock injury, the first water lock injury rate and the second water lock injury rate are obtained through the core nuclear magnetic resonance T2 map and the experimental mode, the nuclear magnetic resonance T2 map is utilized for the first water lock injury rate, the characteristics of the internal structure of the core can be reflected, a relatively accurate calculated value can be obtained, the second water lock injury rate is in the experimental process, the quality of the core is not required to be disassembled and measured, the operation is convenient, the average value of the first water lock injury rate and the second water lock injury rate is calculated, the advantages and the defects of each water lock injury rate obtaining mode can be comprehensively utilized, and accordingly the finally calculated water lock injury rate is closer to a true value. And constructing a first model by utilizing the relation between the blocking radius of the reservoir water lock and the oil gas exploitation rate, the water lock injury rate and the porosity, so that the optimal oil gas exploitation rate can be obtained according to the requirement of the blocking radius, and the exploitation process of oil gas is guided.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the invention, and all changes and modifications that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the structures, features and principles of the invention are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (8)
1. The method for evaluating the gas layer water lock damage is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: acquiring a first water lock injury rate through nuclear magnetic resonance T2 maps of a rock sample to be measured in different states, wherein the different states comprise a pressurized saturated state and a state in a dry sample, and the water lock injury rate is a permeability injury rate under irreducible water saturation;
s2: injecting a rock sample to be measured into water, using nitrogen as displacement liquid, and obtaining a second water lock injury rate by injecting water in a staged manner;
s3: and calculating the average value of the first water lock injury rate and the second water lock injury rate, and taking the average value as the water lock injury rate of the rock sample to be measured.
2. The method for evaluating the damage of the water lock on the air layer according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 specifically comprises the following sub-steps:
s11: measuring a nuclear magnetic resonance T2 map A of the rock sample to be measured in a pressurized saturation state;
s12: measuring a nuclear magnetic resonance T2 map B in a state when the rock sample to be measured is dry;
s13: respectively making an accumulated porosity curve graph of the map A and an accumulated porosity curve graph of the map B to obtain an accumulated curve C of the map A and an accumulated curve D of the map B; wherein, in the cumulative curve C and the cumulative curve D, the abscissa is the relaxation time, and the ordinate is the cumulative signal amplitude corresponding to the porosity;
s14: taking the maximum value of the signal amplitude of the accumulation curve D as a tangent point to serve as a horizontal tangent line, and obtaining an intersection point of the tangent line and the accumulation curve C;
s15: according to the intersection point, relaxation time corresponding to the intersection point is obtained, wherein the relaxation time refers to time required for achieving thermodynamic equilibrium;
s16: the ratio of the area of the accumulated curve C to the left of the relaxation time to the total area of the accumulated curve C is the first water lock damage rate; the area of the cumulative curve C on the left of the relaxation time is the area of a region surrounded by the cumulative curve C, the straight line perpendicular to the x-axis, and the x-axis, with the straight line perpendicular to the x-axis being made at the abscissa point of the relaxation time.
3. The method for evaluating the damage of the water lock on the air layer according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 specifically comprises the following sub-steps:
s21: placing the rock sample to be measured in an incubator at 107 ℃ for drying for 12 hours;
s22: filling the dried rock sample to be measured into a core holder, heating to an experimental temperature, and adjusting the pressure of the core holder to be in a net confining pressure mode;
s23: opening an injection pump to fill the injector with injection water;
s24: opening a valve between the injector and the core holder, rotating an injector handle according to a preset injection volume value to drain until the volume reaches the injection volume value, and closing the valve;
s25: n is injected at constant pressure higher than the back pressure by 0.1 MPa 2 Slowly opening the inlet valve of the clamp until the soap foam flowmeter detects that gas escapes, closing the outlet valve of the clamp when the escape volume is equal to the injection volume value, and standing for 1 h;
s26: opening the inlet and outlet valves of the clamping device under the condition of the pressure higher than the back pressure by 0.1 MPa, and using N 2 Constant-pressure displacement is carried out, and after seepage is stable, an air source valve and a clamp holder outlet valve are closed;
s27: and (3) increasing the gas injection pressure to 10 times of the injection pressure, taking out the core by taking apart experimental equipment after seepage is stable, weighing the core, taking the water contained in the core at the moment as bound water, and determining a second water lock injury rate, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:
q=k×Δpa/μ, where Q is the second water lock damage rate, K is the adjustment factor, the range of values is [0,1], a is the volume of actual water in the core, specifically obtained by dividing the mass of actual water in the core by the density of water, μ is the viscosity of water, Δp is the pressure difference between the water in the holder before and after passing through the rock.
4. A method of evaluating a gas layer water lock injury according to claim 3, wherein said injection volume value is obtained by multiplying the mass of said rock sample to be measured by the volume value of water adsorbable per unit mass of rock.
5. The method for evaluating an air-bed water lock injury according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 further comprises: and respectively giving different weights to the first water lock injury rate and the second water lock injury rate, and obtaining the water lock injury rate of the rock sample to be measured in a weighted average mode.
6. The method for evaluating an air-bed water lock injury according to claim 1, further comprising, after the step S3:
s4: and inputting the water lock injury rate and the calibrated blocking radius into a first model so as to obtain the optimal exploitation rate.
7. The method for evaluating water lock damage of a gas layer according to claim 6, wherein the first model adopts a convolutional neural network model, wherein the input of the first model is calibrated with blocking radius, water lock damage rate and porosity, and the output of the first model is the optimal oil and gas exploitation rate.
8. An evaluation system for water lock damage of an air layer, characterized in that the water lock damage of the air layer is evaluated by using the evaluation method for water lock damage of an air layer according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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