CN117265456A - Cr (chromium) 3 C 2 25NiCr wear-resistant coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Cr (chromium) 3 C 2 25NiCr wear-resistant coating and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117265456A CN117265456A CN202311292943.1A CN202311292943A CN117265456A CN 117265456 A CN117265456 A CN 117265456A CN 202311292943 A CN202311292943 A CN 202311292943A CN 117265456 A CN117265456 A CN 117265456A
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 173
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 5
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- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 27
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 18
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000816 inconels 718 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 16
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/126—Detonation spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of nuclear engineering equipment, in particular to a Cr 3 C 2 Wear-resistant coating of/25 NiCr and preparation method thereof, cr 3 C 2 The preparation method of the/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating comprises the following steps: preparation of Cr at the surface of the substrate by explosion spraying 3 C 2 25NiCr wear-resistant coating; in the explosion spraying, the fuel gas is propane, the combustion-supporting gas is oxygen, and the powder-feeding gas is hydrogen. Cr provided by the present application 3 C 2 The preparation method of the/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating is controllable in process, can be used for preparing large-size and complex part surface coatings, has important application prospects in the aspect of part surface wear resistance, has better compactness and hardness and high bonding strength, and greatly promotes the application of functional coatings in the fields of aerospace, nuclear industry and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of nuclear engineering equipment, in particular to a Cr 3 C 2 A25 NiCr wear-resistant coating and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The heat sleeve belongs to a component of a reactor control rod driving mechanism, is arranged above a tube seat of the driving mechanism and is in radial clearance fit with the tube seat, and is axially contacted with the tube seat without constraint; when the unit working condition is operated, abnormal abrasion conditions exist between the heat sleeve and the tube seat supporting structure due to flow-induced vibration, the abrasion can extend at the joint of the conical concave surface at the upper end head of the tube seat and the flange at the upper end of the heat sleeve, the height position of the heat sleeve is further reduced until the flange at the upper end is completely abraded, the whole heat sleeve can fall at that time, the residual annular flange can also become a foreign matter, and a rod clamping accident can occur in severe cases, namely, the control rod in the reactor can not move up and down to adjust the position.
In the nuclear power industry, the current correction scheme for the problem of the nuclear power station is generally to directly remove the old control rod drive line and replace the new control rod drive line. The new thermal sleeve is long in working period, the replaced driving wire is high in radioactivity, and the replaced driving wire is required to be stored and processed independently. The wear-resistant coating prepared at the friction part of the thermal sleeve can alleviate the problem of wear failure of the thermal sleeve, but the wear-resistant coating prepared by using the traditional thermal spraying technology has higher porosity and lower bonding strength, and the overall performance of the coating is poor, so that the prepared wear-resistant coating cannot be widely used in the industries of aerospace, nuclear industry, supercritical petrochemical equipment and the like.
Accordingly, the prior art is still in need of improvement and development.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, it is an object of the present application to provide a Cr 3 C 2 The 25NiCr wear-resistant coating and the preparation method thereof aim to solve the problem that the existing functional coating prepared by the traditional thermal spraying technology has higher existenceHigh porosity and a low degree of bonding.
The technical scheme of the application is as follows:
the present application provides a Cr 3 C 2 The preparation method of the/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating comprises the following steps:
preparation of Cr at the surface of the substrate by explosion spraying 3 C 2 25NiCr wear-resistant coating;
the fuel gas in the explosion spraying is propane, the combustion-supporting gas is oxygen, and the powder feeding gas is hydrogen.
According to the method, the hydrogen is used as the powder feeding gas, after the spraying material is fed into the combustion chamber, part of the hydrogen is mixed with propane gas to react with oxygen for explosion, so that a high-energy heat source is provided, the spraying material is melted and vaporized more fully, the spraying material is rapidly melted, the flattening spreading capability of the spraying material molten drops is ensured, the adhesive force and uniformity of the wear-resistant coating can be improved after cooling and solidification, and Cr with high hardness and compactness is obtained 3 C 2 25NiCr wear resistant coating.
Further, the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 20-40L/min. The powder feeding gas flow is 20-40L/min, so that the spraying material can be effectively fed into a combustion chamber for melting.
Further, the flow rate of the fuel gas is 20-40L/min; the flow rate of the combustion-supporting gas is 40-50L/min. In this application, through the flow of adjustment fuel gas and combustion-supporting gas can be with the actual oxygen combustion ratio control of explosion center department between 2.0-2.5, propane incomplete combustion under this oxygen combustion ratio, the reduction performance of cooperation hydrogen guarantees that the explosion spraying goes on under nearly pure reduction atmosphere, can prevent carbide spraying material and take place decarbonization decomposition or oxidation, reduce the production of impurity, keep the original nature of spraying material, reduce the adverse effect to coating wear resistance, can also make the explosion flame in the spraying process more even, thereby obtain more even and compact coating structure, improve the quality of coating.
Further, the spraying distance in the explosion spraying is 250-350mm, the spraying angle is 90 degrees, and the spraying speed is 4-5mm/s.
Further, the material of the spray gun outlet section in the explosion spraying is silicon nitride. The method is favorable for the rapid dissipation of generated vapor, reduces the influence on the molten drop of the spraying material, and ensures that the form of the coating formed by spraying is good.
Further, the base material is one of Z2CN19-10 nitrogen-controlled austenitic stainless steel or inconel 718 alloy.
Further, the substrate is pretreated before the explosion spraying, and the substrate pretreatment is one or more than two of sand blasting, chemical cleaning and mechanical grinding; the sand blasting material is alumina sand, and the grain size of the alumina sand is 100 mu m; the chemical cleaning is performed under ultrasound, and the reagent for the chemical cleaning is acetone.
Further, the Cr 3 C 2 The/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating is also subjected to post-treatment after preparation, wherein the post-treatment is one of grinding, machining or polishing; and after finishing the post-treatment, checking, wherein the checking is one or more than two of visual inspection, thickness gauge detection and surface roughening gauge detection.
The application also provides a method for preparing Cr by adopting the Cr 3 C 2 Cr prepared by preparation method of 25NiCr wear-resistant coating 3 C 2 A 25NiCr wear resistant coating, wherein the Cr 3 C 2 The thickness of the/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating is 250-350 mu m, the Vickers hardness is 600-1000HV, and the fracture toughness is 4-8 MPa multiplied by m 1/2 The porosity is less than or equal to 5 percent.
Further, the Cr 3 C 2 The surface roughness Ra of the/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating is in the range of 0.8-3.2 mu m.
The beneficial effects are that: the hydrogen is adopted as the powder feeding gas, the density of the hydrogen is low, a large amount of coating powder for explosion spraying can be conveyed under lower pressure, and the hydrogen has higher heat conductivity, so that heat is conducted more quickly in the explosion spraying process, the spraying efficiency is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced. Meanwhile, the hydrogen can generate a reducing atmosphere, which is favorable for reducing the oxidation of the coating, the spray material is not easy to decarbonize and decompose, and the property change of a hard phase in the coating is reducedAnd the wear resistance of the coating can be ensured. The hydrogen has higher burning rate, can generate a large amount of heat in a shorter time, and after being taken as powder feeding gas to send the spraying material into a combustion chamber, part of the hydrogen is taken as fuel gas to participate in the explosion spraying process, thereby being beneficial to quickly heating powder in the spraying process, improving the adhesive force and uniformity of the coating, and the prepared Cr 3 C 2 The/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating has higher compactness and hardness.
Cr provided by the present application 3 C 2 The preparation method of the/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating has controllable process, can prepare large-size and complex part surface coatings, has important application prospect in the aspect of part surface wear resistance, and can prepare Cr with good comprehensive performance on a hot sleeve of a nuclear power reactor control plate driving mechanism 3 C 2 The wear-resistant coating of/25 NiCr can effectively avoid the problem of abrasion and even failure safety of the thermal sleeve caused by flow-induced vibration, and the service life is improved by 3-5 times on average.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of Cr produced in the present application 3 C 2 Typical indentation photographs of 25NiCr abrasion resistant coatings.
FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of indentation parameters of a coating for calculating fracture toughness.
FIG. 3 is a drawing of Cr prepared in example 1 of the present application 3 C 2 Cross-sectional scanning electron microscope image of the 25NiCr wear resistant coating.
FIG. 4 is a drawing of Cr prepared in example 2 of the present application 3 C 2 Cross-sectional scanning electron microscope image of the 25NiCr wear resistant coating.
FIG. 5 is a drawing of Cr prepared in example 3 of the present application 3 C 2 Cross-sectional scanning electron microscope image of the 25NiCr wear resistant coating.
Detailed Description
The present application provides a Cr 3 C 2 The purpose, technical scheme and effect of the application are clearer and more definite, and the application is further described in detail below. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration onlyPlease, not limit the present application.
The application provides a Cr 3 C 2 The preparation method of the/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating comprises the following steps:
preparation of Cr at the surface of the substrate by explosion spraying 3 C 2 25NiCr wear-resistant coating;
in the explosion spraying, the fuel gas is propane, the combustion-supporting gas is oxygen, and the powder-feeding gas is hydrogen.
The application adopts the explosion spraying process to prepare Cr by spraying 3 C 2 Compared with plasma spraying and supersonic spraying technologies, the explosion spraying material is sprayed at an extremely high speed, so that the preparation can be completed in a relatively short time, and the production efficiency is higher; the coating has high kinetic energy when being sprayed to the surface of the substrate due to extremely high spraying speed, so that the adhesive force between the wear-resistant coating and the substrate is enhanced, the bonding strength is higher, and the durability and the protection performance of the coating are improved; the explosion spraying can be performed at a relatively low temperature, which is beneficial to preventing the deformation or damage of the base material due to high temperature and reducing the influence of thermal stress on the wear-resistant coating.
The raw material of the coating is Cr 3 C 2 25NiCr alloy powder, cr 3 C 2 25NiCr represents alloy powder with chemical composition of 75% Cr 3 C 2 -25% NiCr, wherein Cr 3 C 2 As a hard phase, high abrasion resistance can be provided; niCr as a binder phase can provide good coating toughness and corrosion resistance by using Cr in this ratio 3 C 2 Cr prepared from/25 NiCr alloy powder 3 C 2 The 25NiCr wear-resistant coating has balanced performance, good wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, can meet the application requirements of most coatings, and prolongs the service life of workpieces.
Cr of the present application 3 C 2 The/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating can be applied to nuclear engineering, so Cr is required 3 C 2 The performance of the/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating is as good as possible, and in the application, the fuel gas is propane, the combustion-supporting gas is oxygen and the powder-feeding gas is hydrogen in the explosion sprayingAnd (3) air. The application uses hydrogen as powder feeding gas, the hydrogen has wider explosion limit, so that propane with higher convenience and safety and better cost benefit can be selected as fuel gas, the combustion temperature of propane relative to acetylene under the explosion condition is lower, the explosion flame temperature is uniform, and the carbide spraying material decarburization decomposition or adverse effect on a base material caused by overheating is avoided. The hydrogen also has high heat value, and after the spraying material is sent into the combustion chamber, part of the hydrogen is mixed with propane fuel gas to react with oxygen for explosion, so that a high-energy heat source is provided, the spraying material is melted and vaporized more fully, and the flight speed and impact strength of the molten drops are improved. The hydrogen has higher heat conduction performance, which means that heat can be transferred to the spraying material more quickly, the spraying material is promoted to be melted rapidly, the flattening spreading capability of the spraying material molten drop is ensured, the adhesive force and uniformity of the wear-resistant coating can be improved after cooling and solidification, and then the Cr with high hardness and compactness is obtained 3 C 2 The/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating can also reduce energy consumption and effectively improve the spraying efficiency of explosion spraying and the quality of the wear-resistant coating.
Cr 3 C 2 The wear-resistant coating of/25 NiCr is difficult to play a sufficient protective role when the thickness is low, and the thickness of the wear-resistant coating is not only related to the spraying speed and the explosion frequency, but also related to the powder feeding gas flow, and when the powder feeding gas flow is far lower than the combustion-supporting gas and the gas flow, back pressure can be formed in a gun barrel due to the arrangement of a gun barrel structure of explosion spraying, and the thickness of the prepared wear-resistant coating is too low due to the fact that spraying materials are difficult to spray.
In the application, the normal operation of powder feeding can be ensured by setting the flow of the powder feeding gas to 20-40L/min. The density of the hydrogen is lower, and the hydrogen can be supplied and fed through the spray gun at a higher flux and speed under a lower pressure during the spraying process. The hydrogen also participates in the explosion spraying process partially, so that the spraying speed of the coating is improved, the time for forming the coating is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, the energy consumption is reduced, and the hydrogen is kept within the gas flow range in cooperation with the higher heat conduction performance of the hydrogen, so that the temperature distribution of the coating in the spraying process can be controlled, the risk of thermal stress generated by the coating is reduced, and the adhesive force and the durability of the coating are improved.
Poor control of the oxygen to fuel ratio in conventional detonation spraying can result in the entire spraying process being in an oxidizing atmosphere, resulting in oxidation of the spray material or substrate, which can alter the spray material composition and even affect Cr in the present application 3 C 2 The properties of the/25 NiCr wear resistant coating and too high an oxygen to fuel ratio also lead to Cr 3 C 2 Decomposition into chromium-rich products, e.g. Cr 7 C 3 ，Cr 23 C 6 And the like, and further affect the hardness, corrosion resistance, and other properties of the coating. When the oxygen content is lower, insufficient combustion of fuel gas can be caused, the released heat can be reduced, powder particles of the spraying material are not completely melted, and the phenomenon of poor flattening of the wear-resistant coating is caused by insufficient flying speed of the spraying material, so that a non-compact tissue structure can be formed on the coating, and finally, the hardness, high-temperature wear resistance and other performances of the coating are influenced.
Oxygen to fuel ratio as an influence on Cr 3 C 2 The inert gas or compressed air as powder feeding gas can dilute the concentration of the mixture of gas and oxygen to a certain extent after entering the combustion chamber and reduce the actual oxygen-fuel ratio in explosion spraying, which can reduce the explosion combustion energy and influence the quality of the coating, and the wear-resistant coating is easy to have poor flattening phenomenon and influence the morphological structure of the coating.
In view of this problem, in the present application, the flow rate of the fuel gas is 20 to 40L/min; the flow rate of the combustion-supporting gas is 40-50L/min. The explosion spraying equipment, the gun barrel parameters and the spraying distance can influence the oxygen-fuel ratio of explosion spraying, according to the combustion equation in the explosion spraying and the structural setting of the spraying gun barrel, the explosion combustion is mainly carried out by propane and oxygen in a combustion chamber, the oxygen consumption of hydrogen is not high, but the same volume of hydrogen combustion can generate heat three times that of the propane, enough energy can be provided for the explosion spraying, the flight speed of spray material droplets and the impact strength to the surface of a base material are ensured, the flight speed of the spray material droplets can be up to 800-1200 m/s, and the improvement of Cr is facilitated 3 C 2 Compactness and hardness of the/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating. In this application, through the flow of adjustment fuel gas and combustion-supporting gas can be with the actual oxygen combustion ratio control of explosion center department between 2.0-2.5, propane incomplete combustion under this oxygen combustion ratio, the reduction performance of cooperation hydrogen guarantees that the explosion spraying goes on under nearly pure reduction atmosphere, can prevent carbide spraying material and take place decarbonization decomposition or oxidation, reduce the production of impurity, keep the original nature of spraying material, reduce the adverse effect to coating wear resistance, can also make the explosion flame in the spraying process more even, thereby obtain more even and compact coating structure, improve the quality of coating.
The propane security that this application selected for use is high be difficult for tempering to the spraying process of explosion spraying is pulsed and goes on, and the explosion spraying equipment that uses has good ventilation system, still can send clean nitrogen gas into the combustion chamber after pulse explosion spraying preparation is accomplished and clean the back and carry out the circulation preparation of next round again, so this application will hydrogen as send powder gas to the holistic tempering risk influence of explosion spraying not big.
Further, the spraying distance in the explosion spraying is 250-350mm, the spraying angle is 90 degrees, and the spraying speed is 4-5mm/s. The hydrogen with lower density has higher transmission speed, higher heat value matched with the explosion spraying of fuel gas, higher spraying efficiency, correspondingly higher overall gas flow, and is matched with the overall gas flow, the spraying distance is 250-350mm, the spraying angle is 90 degrees, the spraying speed is 4-5mm/s, the excessive scattering or sputtering of spray material droplets can be reduced, the utilization rate and the spraying efficiency of spray material powder are improved, the uniform distribution and the coverage degree of a coating are improved, the coating is more effectively deposited on a target surface, gaps and defects in the coating are reduced, the good morphological distribution and the surface morphology of the coating are facilitated, and a compact high-quality wear-resistant coating without layering phenomenon is formed.
Further, the material of the outlet section of the spray gun in the explosion spraying is silicon nitride. Propane reacts with oxygen in the explosion spraying to form moisture, while due to Cr 3 C 2 Water for 25NiCr spray coating materialThe reaction is insensitive, the composition of the wear-resistant coating is not affected, but in consideration of the fact that the powder feeding gas added with hydrogen can generate extra moisture in the spraying process, if excessive steam is generated in the whole spraying process, the melting and cooling processes of the spraying material powder can be changed, and tiny air holes or cracks can be formed in the coating, so that the performance and the porosity of the coating are affected. According to the problem, the material of the outlet section of the spray gun can be made of a high-temperature-drying-resistant silicon nitride porous ceramic material, so that generated vapor can be quickly dissipated, the influence on the molten drops of the spraying material is reduced, and the good form of a coating formed by spraying is ensured.
Further, the material of the base material is one of Z2CN19-10 nitrogen-control austenitic stainless steel or inconel 718 alloy. The Inconel 718 is added with niobium element, has good corrosion resistance and ductility as the Z2CN19-10 nitrogen-controlled austenitic stainless steel, has stronger bonding property with high-speed particles subjected to explosion spraying, and has high bonding strength which is beneficial to improving Cr 3 C 2 Density and hardness of the 25NiCr wear resistant coating.
Further, the substrate is pretreated before explosion spraying, and the substrate pretreatment is one or more than two of sand blasting, chemical cleaning and mechanical grinding. The surface of the substrate is cleaned and any contaminants (such as oil, grease, rust or scale, etc.) removed prior to explosion spraying, and is treated by blasting, chemical cleaning, mechanical grinding, etc. to ensure good adhesion to the substrate surface. Preferably, the sand blasting material is alumina sand, the grain diameter of the alumina sand is 100 mu m, the pressure of compressed air for sand blasting is 0.4-0.6 MPa, the sand blasting distance is controlled between 150-300mm, and Cr is further ensured by performing surface sand blasting roughening treatment on the surface of the substrate 3 C 2 The 25NiCr wear-resistant coating has good adhesion to the substrate.
Further, the chemical cleaning is to carry out ultrasonic cleaning on the surface of the substrate by using acetone to remove greasy dirt, and obtain the pretreated substrate after drying, and the cleaning is more thorough under the ultrasonic condition.
Further, cr 3 C 2 The/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating is prepared by the following stepsThe post-treatment can finish the surface of the coating by one of grinding, machining or polishing until the surface meets the size requirement of actual use, and the Cr can be further improved by finishing the surface of the coating 3 C 2 The surface finish, flatness and surface roughness of the 25NiCr wear-resistant coating can further meet the use requirements by improving the surface performance of the wear-resistant coating. Further, grinding to Cr by diamond or boron nitride grinding wheel 3 C 2 Grinding finish is carried out on the/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating. Furthermore, the impurities on the surface of the substrate are removed by one of sand blasting, shot blasting or high-pressure water cleaning before finishing, so that Cr can be improved 3 C 2 Surface flatness and smoothness of the 25NiCr wear-resistant coating and service life of the coating are improved.
Further, after finishing the post-treatment, the test is performed by visual inspection, thickness measurement, surface roughening measurement and other detection equipment, and the adhesion test is performed. After the cleaning and grinding polishing are finished, the coating is required to be inspected, so that indexes such as the thickness, the adhesive force and the surface roughness of the coating are ensured to meet the requirements. Wherein the coating thickness is measured by a thickness gauge, the vickers hardness of the coating is measured by an HV digital microhardness meter, and the fracture toughness is calculated according to the following formula:
(Kc/Ha 1/2 )(H/E) 1/2 =0.028 (C R /a) -3/2
wherein Kc represents fracture toughness, H represents coating hardness, E represents Young's modulus, as shown in FIG. 1, an indentation is pressed on the surface of the coating by a hardness tester, the indentation is diamond-shaped, radial crack growth extends at the apex of the indentation, as shown in FIG. 2, C R Representing the length of the indentation center to the indentation apex, a representing the linear distance of the indentation center to the furthest end of the radial crack, by measuring C under a magnifying glass R And a, calculating the fracture toughness according to the data.
Cr provided by the present application 3 C 2 The preparation method of the/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating adopts hydrogen as powder feeding gas, the hydrogen has lower density, can convey a large amount of coating powder for explosion spraying under lower pressure, and has the following characteristics ofThe higher heat conductivity is beneficial to conducting heat more quickly in the explosion spraying process, improving the spraying efficiency and reducing the energy consumption. Meanwhile, the hydrogen can generate a reducing atmosphere, the spray material is not easy to decarbonize and decompose, the oxidation of the coating is reduced, the hydrogen also has higher combustion rate, a large amount of heat can be generated in a shorter time, after the spray material is sent into the combustion chamber, part of the hydrogen is used as fuel gas to participate in explosive combustion, the powder is quickly heated in the explosive spraying process, and the adhesive force and uniformity of the coating can be improved. The application can prepare the coating on the surface of a large-size and complex part, and the prepared Cr 3 C 2 The 25NiCr wear-resistant coating has good comprehensive performance, higher compactness and hardness and important application prospect in the aspect of wear resistance of the surface of parts.
The application also provides a method for preparing Cr by adopting the Cr 3 C 2 Cr prepared by preparation method of 25NiCr wear-resistant coating 3 C 2 A25 NiCr wear resistant coating wherein Cr is produced 3 C 2 The thickness of the/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating is 250-350 mu m, the Vickers hardness is 600-1000HV, and the fracture toughness is 4-8 MPa multiplied by m 1/2 The porosity is less than or equal to 5 percent.
Further, the post-treated Cr 3 C 2 The surface roughness of the/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating is within the range of Ra 0.8-3.2 mu m, and can keep Cr 3 C 2 The excellent surface property of the/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating further prolongs Cr 3 C 2 Service life of the/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating.
Cr provided by the present application 3 C 2 The wear-resistant coating of/25 NiCr has the characteristics of low porosity, high bonding strength with a base material, high hardness and good comprehensive performance, and has important application prospect in the aspect of wear resistance of the surface of a part.
Cr as described above 3 C 2 The/25 NiCr wear resistant coating may also be applied in control rod drive lines of nuclear reactors. In a nuclear reactor, the thermal sleeve of a control rod drive line is affected by vibration caused by loop medium flow, so that intermittent collision and grinding exist at the contact position of an upper end flange and a CRDM tube seatIn a state, the requirements on the characteristics of the coating are high, and Cr can be prepared at the contact position of the hot sleeve flange of the control rod driving line and the CRDM tube seat 3 C 2 25NiCr wear resistant coating, cr 3 C 2 The/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating has excellent hardness and wear resistance, has good toughness, can not crack and fall off, can effectively protect the hot sleeve flange and the CRDM pipe seat, avoids the safety problem of abrasion and even failure of the hot sleeve caused by flow-induced vibration, and finally realizes improvement of the safety of a reactor and reduces the risk of spring rod.
The present application is further illustrated by the following examples
And (3) performance detection: inspection can be performed using a visual inspection, a thickness gauge, a surface roughness gauge, or the like. Wherein Cr is 3 C 2 The thickness of the/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating is required to meet the range of 250-350 mu m, the Vickers Hardness (HV) of the coating is required to meet the requirement of 600-1000, and the fracture toughness (MPa multiplied by m) 1/2 ) The requirement of 4-8 is satisfied, and the porosity is required to satisfy the requirement of less than or equal to 5%.
Prepared Cr 3 C 2 The thickness of the/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating is measured by a thickness gauge, cr 3 C 2 The vickers hardness of the 25NiCr wear resistant coating was measured using an HV digital microhardness meter and the fracture toughness was calculated according to the following formula: (Kc/Ha) 1/2 )(H/E) 1/2 =0.028 (C R /a) -3/2 Kc represents fracture toughness, H represents coating hardness, E represents Young's modulus, indentation is formed on the surface of the coating by a hardness tester, the indentation is diamond-shaped, radial crack growth extends at the apex of the indentation, and C R Representing the length of the indentation center to the indentation apex, a representing the linear distance of the indentation center to the furthest end of the radial crack, by measuring C under a magnifying glass R And a, calculating the fracture toughness according to the data.
Example 1
Surface pretreatment: the workpiece base material adopts Z2CN19-10 nitrogen-control austenitic stainless steel, and the sample size is as follows: the method comprises the steps of carrying out surface sand blasting roughening treatment on the surface of a workpiece substrate before spraying, wherein the surface sand blasting roughening treatment is carried out on the surface of the workpiece substrate before spraying to ensure good adhesive force, the pressure of compressed air is 0.5MPa, the grain size of alumina sand is 100 mu m, the sand blasting distance is controlled to be 200mm, ultrasonic cleaning is carried out on the surface of the substrate by acetone to remove greasy dirt, and then drying is carried out to obtain a pretreated substrate.
Preparing a coating: before each explosion, a certain proportion of oxygen and propane combustible mixed gas is firstly sent into an ignition chamber of a spray gun through an air feed port, then coating powder is sent into a combustion chamber through a powder feed port by powder feed gas hydrogen, then the combustible mixed gas is quickly combusted and explodes through ignition of a spark plug, the heat energy heats the sprayed coating powder to a molten or fused state, and powder particles at the spray gun port are sprayed onto the surface of a workpiece substrate at a high speed to form Cr 3 C 2 After the preparation of the 25NiCr wear resistant coating, clean nitrogen is fed into the combustion chamber for cleaning, and preparation is made for the next preparation work, so that the cycle is repeated. The specific process parameters for the detonation spraying of example 1 are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Explosion frequency (times/s) | 6 |
| Spray distance (mm) | 250 |
| Spray angle | 90° |
| Fuel gas C 3 H 8 （L/min）（L/MIN） | 20 |
| Oxygen (L/min) | 42 |
| Powder feeding gas (H) 2 ）（L/min） | 20 |
| Spraying speed (mm/s) | 4 |
| Coating thickness (mum) | 340 |
Post-treatment: after the explosion spraying is finished, the diamond or cubic boron nitride grinding wheel is used for carrying out Cr 3 C 2 Grinding finishing of the 25NiCr wear resistant coating to obtain the desired dimensions and to increase Cr 3 C 2 Surface finish and flatness of the 25NiCr wear resistant coating.
Checking: after finishing the cleaning and the grinding and polishing, the Cr of example 1 was measured by visual inspection, a thickness gauge, a surface roughening gauge, and other measuring equipment 3 C 2 And checking and testing the adhesive force of the 25NiCr wear-resistant coating to ensure that the indexes such as the thickness, the adhesive force and the surface roughness of the coating meet the requirements.
Cr prepared in example 1 3 C 2 The performance parameters of the/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating are shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2
| Coating layer | Powder trademark | Coating thickness (mum) | Hardness of coating (HV 0.3) | Fracture toughness (MPa×m) 1/2 ） | Porosity (%) |
| Cr 3 C 2 /25NiCr | CDS5260 Lot 210192 | 320 | 816 | 6.7 | 3 |
Example 2
Surface pretreatment: the workpiece base material adopts Z2CN19-10 nitrogen-control austenitic stainless steel, and the sample size is as follows: the method comprises the steps of carrying out surface sand blasting roughening treatment on the surface of a workpiece substrate before spraying, wherein the surface sand blasting roughening treatment is carried out on the surface of the workpiece substrate before spraying to ensure good adhesive force, the pressure of compressed air is 0.5MPa, the grain size of alumina sand is 100 mu m, the sand blasting distance is controlled to be 200mm, ultrasonic cleaning is carried out on the surface of the substrate by acetone to remove greasy dirt, and then drying is carried out to obtain a pretreated substrate.
Preparing a coating: before each explosion, a certain proportion of oxygen and propane combustible mixed gas is firstly sent into an ignition chamber of a spray gun through an air feed port, then coating powder is sent into a combustion chamber through a powder feed port by powder feed gas hydrogen, then the combustible mixed gas is quickly combusted and explodes through ignition of a spark plug, the heat energy heats the sprayed coating powder to a molten or fused state, and powder particles at the spray gun port are sprayed onto the surface of a workpiece substrate at a high speed to form Cr 3 C 2 After the preparation of the 25NiCr wear resistant coating, clean nitrogen is fed into the combustion chamber for cleaning, and preparation is made for the next preparation work, so that the cycle is repeated. The specific process parameters for the detonation spraying of example 2 are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 Table 3
| Explosion frequency (times/s) | 6 |
| Spray distance (mm) | 300 |
| Spray angle | 90° |
| Fuel gas C 3 H 8 （L/min）（L/MIN） | 20 |
| Oxygen (L/min) | 42 |
| Powder feeding gas (H) 2 ）（L/min） | 20 |
| Spraying speed (mm/s) | 4.5 |
| Coating thickness (mum) | 300 |
Post-treatment: after the explosion spraying is finished, the diamond or cubic boron nitride grinding wheel is used for carrying out Cr 3 C 2 Grinding finishing of the 25NiCr wear resistant coating to obtain the desired dimensions and to increase Cr 3 C 2 Surface finish and flatness of the 25NiCr wear resistant coating.
Checking: finish cleaning and polishingAfter the irradiation, the Cr of example 2 was inspected by visual inspection, a thickness gauge, a surface roughening gauge, or the like 3 C 2 And checking and testing the adhesive force of the 25NiCr wear-resistant coating to ensure that the indexes such as the thickness, the adhesive force and the surface roughness of the coating meet the requirements.
Cr prepared in example 2 3 C 2 The performance parameters of the/25 NiCr abrasion resistant coating are shown in Table 4:
TABLE 4 Table 4
| Coating layer | Powder trademark | Coating thickness (mum) | Hardness of coating (HV 0.3) | Fracture toughness (MPa×m) 1/2 ） | Porosity (%) |
| Cr 3 C 2 /25NiCr | CDS5260 Lot 210192 | 300 | 767 | 7.3 | 3 |
Example 3
Surface pretreatment: the workpiece base material adopts Z2CN19-10 nitrogen-control austenitic stainless steel, and the sample size is as follows: the method comprises the steps of carrying out surface sand blasting roughening treatment on the surface of a workpiece substrate before spraying, wherein the surface sand blasting roughening treatment is carried out on the surface of the workpiece substrate before spraying to ensure good adhesive force, the pressure of compressed air is 0.5MPa, the grain size of alumina sand is 100 mu m, the sand blasting distance is controlled to be 200mm, ultrasonic cleaning is carried out on the surface of the substrate by acetone to remove greasy dirt, and then drying is carried out to obtain a pretreated substrate.
Preparing a coating: before each explosion, a certain proportion of oxygen and propane combustible mixed gas is firstly sent into an ignition chamber of a spray gun through an air feed port, then coating powder is sent into a combustion chamber through a powder feed port by powder feed gas hydrogen, then the combustible mixed gas is quickly combusted and explodes through ignition of a spark plug, the heat energy heats the sprayed coating powder to a molten or fused state, and powder particles at the spray gun port are sprayed onto the surface of a workpiece substrate at a high speed to form Cr 3 C 2 After the preparation of the 25NiCr wear resistant coating, clean nitrogen is fed into the combustion chamber for cleaning, and preparation is made for the next preparation work, so that the cycle is repeated. The specific process parameters for the detonation spraying of example 3 are shown in table 5:
TABLE 5
| Explosion frequency (times/s) | 6 |
| Spray distance (mm) | 320 |
| Spray angle | 90° |
| Fuel gas C 3 H 8 （L/min）（L/MIN） | 20 |
| Oxygen (L/min) | 42 |
| Powder feeding gas (H) 2 ）（L/min） | 20 |
| Spraying speed (mm/s) | 4.8 |
| Coating thickness (mum) | 280 |
Post-treatment: after the explosion spraying is finished, the diamond or cubic boron nitride grinding wheel is used for carrying out Cr 3 C 2 Grinding finishing of the 25NiCr wear resistant coating to obtain the desired dimensions and to increase Cr 3 C 2 Surface finish and flatness of the 25NiCr wear resistant coating.
Checking: after finishing the cleaning and the grinding and polishing, the Cr of example 3 was measured by visual inspection, a thickness gauge, a surface roughening gauge and other measuring equipment 3 C 2 And checking and testing the adhesive force of the 25NiCr wear-resistant coating to ensure that the indexes such as the thickness, the adhesive force and the surface roughness of the coating meet the requirements.
Cr prepared in example 3 3 C 2 The performance parameters of the/25 NiCr abrasion resistant coating are shown in Table 6:
TABLE 6
| Coating layer | Powder trademark | Coating thickness (mum) | Hardness of coating (HV 0.3) | Fracture toughness (MPa×m) 1/2 ） | Porosity (%) |
| Cr 3 C 2 /25NiCr | CDS5260 Lot 210192 | 280 | 885 | 7.0 | 4 |
Cr prepared by explosion spraying in the prior art 3 C 2 The Vickers hardness of the/25 NiCr coating is generally 500-800HV, and compared with the prior art, cr with higher hardness, better fracture toughness and wear resistance can be prepared by the preparation method 3 C 2 25NiCr wear resistant coating. It will be understood that the application of the present application is not limited to the examples described above, but that modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art in light of the above description, all of which are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. Cr (chromium) 3 C 2 The preparation method of the/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
preparation of Cr at the surface of the substrate by explosion spraying 3 C 2 25NiCr wear-resistant coating;
the fuel gas in the explosion spraying is propane, the combustion-supporting gas is oxygen, and the powder feeding gas is hydrogen.
2. Cr according to claim 1 3 C 2 A preparation method of a 25NiCr wear-resistant coating is characterized by comprising the following steps ofAnd the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 20-40L/min.
3. Cr according to claim 2 3 C 2 The preparation method of the/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating is characterized in that the flow rate of the fuel gas is 20-40L/min; the flow rate of the combustion-supporting gas is 40-50L/min.
4. A Cr according to any one of claims 1-3 3 C 2 The preparation method of the/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating is characterized in that the spraying distance in the explosion spraying is 250-350mm, the spraying angle is 90 degrees, and the spraying speed is 4-5mm/s.
5. Cr according to claim 4 3 C 2 The preparation method of the/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating is characterized in that the material of the outlet section of the spray gun in the explosion spraying is silicon nitride.
6. Cr according to claim 1 3 C 2 The preparation method of the/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating is characterized in that the base material is one of Z2CN19-10 nitrogen-control austenitic stainless steel or inconel 718 alloy.
7. Cr according to claim 1 3 C 2 The preparation method of the/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating is characterized in that the substrate is pretreated before the explosion spraying, and the pretreatment is one or more than two of sand blasting, chemical cleaning and mechanical grinding; the sand blasting material is alumina sand, and the grain size of the alumina sand is 100 mu m; the chemical cleaning is performed under ultrasound, and the reagent for the chemical cleaning is acetone.
8. Cr according to claim 1 3 C 2 A preparation method of the/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating is characterized in that the Cr 3 C 2 The/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating is also subjected to post-treatment after preparation, wherein the post-treatment is one of grinding, machining or polishing; the post-treatment is completedAnd then checking, wherein the checking is one or more than two of visual inspection, thickness gauge detection and surface roughness gauge detection.
9. Use of a Cr as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 3 C 2 Cr prepared by preparation method of 25NiCr wear-resistant coating 3 C 2 A25 NiCr wear resistant coating, characterized in that the Cr 3 C 2 The thickness of the/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating is 250-350 mu m, the Vickers hardness is 600-1000HV, and the fracture toughness is 4-8 MPa multiplied by m 1/2 The porosity is less than or equal to 5 percent.
10. Cr according to claim 9 3 C 2 A25 NiCr wear resistant coating, characterized in that the Cr 3 C 2 The surface roughness Ra of the/25 NiCr wear-resistant coating is in the range of 0.8-3.2 mu m.
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