CN117265099A - Nipsnap2作为心肌肥厚生物标志物及应用 - Google Patents
Nipsnap2作为心肌肥厚生物标志物及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请公开了NIPSNAP2作为心肌肥厚生物标志物及应用。实施例公开了外周血和/或心肌组织中NIPSNAP2作为生物标志物或作为药物靶点的物质在制备产品中的应用。实施例公开了增强外周血和/或心肌组织中NIPSNAP2活性和/或表达量的物质的应用。实施例公开了外周血和/或心肌组织中NIPSNAP2活性和/或表达量提高的小鼠在制备和/或筛选药物中的应用。实施例公开了作为上调NIPSNAP2基因表达、过表达NIPSNAP2基因的激动剂。实施例公开了包括检测NIPSNAP2活性和/或表达量的试剂盒。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及心肌肥厚技术领域,具体涉及NIPSNAP2作为心肌肥厚生物标志物及应用。
背景技术
心肌肥厚(cardiac hypertrophy)是高血压、冠心病、糖尿病、心肌炎等多种心血管疾病共同的病理过程,是心血管疾病发病率和死亡率增加的独立危险因素。心肌肥厚导致心脏发生纤维化、心肌细胞死亡、舒缩功能障碍、心室扩张等不可逆的病理改变,进行性地发展为心力衰竭。心肌肥厚病理发生发展的机制尚未完全阐明,临床上缺乏有效的治疗药物。
转录活性增强与蛋白合成增多是心肌肥厚的主要病理特征,以往研究较多集中在基因转录调控层面。1985年首次发现心肌细胞核糖体生物合成增加与心肌肥厚的病理发展密切相关。Brandenburger等发现转录因子UBF的表达增加可调控RNA聚合酶Ⅰ的转录活性,加速心肌肥厚过程中rRNA的转录,从而增加核糖体的数量。前期研究发现核小体组装蛋白NAP1L5可增加核仁的融合和肥大,加速核糖体组装,进而加快心肌细胞的蛋白合成速率。而心肌肥厚病理过程中翻译环节的调控机制鲜有研究,是该领域亟待解决的关键科学问题。
发明内容
本申请发明人创造性地公开了可用于心肌肥厚诊断、辅助诊断和/或筛查的生物标志物,和/或,提供一种心肌肥厚治疗靶点,NIPSNAP2。NIPSNAP2是NIPSNAP蛋白家族中的一员,含有两个酪氨酸磷酸化位点,被鉴定为进化保守的线粒体蛋白。
为此,本申请实施例至少公开了以下技术方案:
第一方面,实施例公开了外周血和/或心肌组织中NIPSNAP2作为生物标志物的应用,为A1)或A2):A1)制备预测心肌肥厚的产品;A2)制备治疗心肌肥厚的产品;所述应用为非疾病的诊断或治疗。
第二方面,实施例公开了增强外周血和/或心肌组织中NIPSNAP2活性和/或表达量的物质的应用,为B1)或B2):B1)制备预测心肌肥厚的产品;B2)制备治疗心肌肥厚的产品;所述应用为非疾病的诊断或治疗。
第三方面,实施例公开了将NIPSNAP2作为药物靶点的物质在制备产品中的应用,所述产品的功能为C1)或C2):C1)预测心肌肥厚;C2)预防和/或治疗心肌肥厚;所述应用为非疾病的诊断或治疗。
第四方面,实施例公开了外周血和/或心肌组织中NIPSNAP2活性和/或表达量提高的小鼠在制备和/或筛选药物中的应用;所述药物的功能为D1)或D2):D1)预测心肌肥厚;D2)预防和/或治疗心肌肥厚;所述应用为非疾病的诊断或治疗。
第五方面,实施例公开了一种激动剂,其为上调NIPSNAP2基因表达、过表达NIPSNAP2基因的物质,和/或,促进NIPSNAP2蛋白含量和/或活性的物质。
第六方面,实施例公开了一种试剂盒,包括检测NIPSNAP2活性和/或表达量的物质;所述试剂盒的检测对象为外周血和/或心肌组织;所述试剂盒的用途为预测心肌肥厚或预防和/或治疗心肌肥厚。
附图说明
图1示出了NIPSNAP2在心肌肥厚中的表达下降的相关结果。
a.GEO数据集中NIPSNAP2 mRNA的组织分布。
b.TAC手术相关GEO数据集中NIPSNAP2的变化。
c.扩张性心肌病与心力衰竭相关GEO数据集中NIPSNAP2的变化。
d、e.qRT-PCR和Western blot检测显示,NIPSNAP2基因mRNA表达水平(d)和NIPSNAP2蛋白表达水平(d)均在TAC手术8周后显著下降。n=6or 4.**P<0.01vs.Sham。
图2示出了NIPSNAP2过表达腺相关病毒(AAV-Nipsnap2质粒)一代测序结果,A为原始序列,B为质粒测序序列。
图3示出了NIPSNAP2过表达减轻TAC诱导的心肌肥厚的相关结果。
a.NIPSNAP2腺相关病毒过表达改善TAC诱导的心肌肥厚的实验策略。
b.Western blot检测AAV-NIPSNAP2腺相关病毒的过表达效率,n=3。
c.AAV-NIPSNAP2腺病毒过表达减轻TAC手术后的心脏大小与心脏重量/体重比例,n=7,**P<0.01vs.WT;###P<0.001vs.Sham。
d.AAV-NIPSNAP2腺病毒过表达减轻TAC手术诱导的小鼠心肌细胞面积(WGA染色)的影响,Scale bar:80μm.***P<0.001vs.siNeg;###P<0.001vs.Control.n=30。
e.AAV-NIPSNAP2腺病毒过表达减轻TAC手术诱导的小鼠心肌纤维化程度(Masson染色)的影响。Scale bar:80μm.**P<0.01vs.siNeg;##P<0.01,###P<0.001vs.Control.n=3。
f.AAV-NIPSNAP2腺病毒过表达显著改善TAC手术后心脏收缩功能下降,包括EF与FS。n=7,*P<0.05vs.WT;##P<0.01vs.Sham。
g.qRT-PCR检测显示AAV-NIPSNAP2腺病毒过表达减轻了TAC诱导的心肌肥厚分子标志物表达的升高。n=7,*P<0.05,**P<0.01vs.WT;#P<0.05,##P<0.01,###P<0.001vs.Sham。
图4示出了NIPSNAP2敲除加重TAC诱导的心肌肥厚的相关结果。a.NIPSNAP2基因敲除显著增加TAC手术后的心脏大小与心脏重量/体重比例。n=7-10。*P<0.05vs.WT;###P<0.001vs.Sham。b.NIPSNAP2基因敲除对TAC手术诱导的小鼠心肌细胞面积(WGA染色)的影响。Scale bar:40μm.***P<0.001vs.siNeg;###P<0.001vs.Control.n=30。c.NIPSNAP2基因敲除对TAC手术诱导的小鼠心肌纤维化程度(Masson染色)的影响。Scale bar:40μm.*P<0.05vs.siNeg;#P<0.05vs.Control.n=3。d.NIPSNAP2基因敲除显著降低了TAC手术后心脏收缩功能包括EF与FS。n=7~10,*P<0.05vs.WT;##P<0.01,###P<0.001vs.Sham。e.qRT-PCR检测显示NIPSNAP2敲除加重TAC诱导的心肌肥厚分子标志物表达。n=7~10,*P<0.05vs.WT;##P<0.01,###P<0.001vs.Sham。
图5示出了NIPSNAP2敲低加重PE诱导的心肌细胞肥大的相关结果。
a.qRT-PCR检测NRVMs中Ad-Nipsnap2的过表达效率。***P<0.001vs siNeg.n=3。
b.NRVMs经Ad-Nipsnap2感染及PE处理前后的代表性α-肌动蛋白染色图像及统计结果。Scale bar:100μm.*P<0.05vs.siNeg;##P<0.01vs.Control.n=3。
c.Ad-Nipsnap2过表达对PE诱导的Nppa和Nppb表达的影响。*P<0.05,**P<0.01vs.siNeg;###P<0.001vs.Control.n=3。
d.qRT-PCR检测NRVMs中Nipsnap2的敲除效率。**P<0.01vs siNeg.n=3。
e.NRVMs经siNipsnap2转染及PE处理前后的代表性α-肌动蛋白染色图像及统计结果。Scale bar:40μm.**P<0.01vs.siNeg;##P<0.01vs.Control.n=3。
f.敲低Nipsnap2对PE诱导的Nppa和Nppb表达的影响。**P<0.01vs.siNeg;###P<0.001vs.Control.n=3。
图6示出了敲低NIPSNAP2促进了蛋白质合成速率的相关结果。
a.RNA-seq散点图显示NIPSNAP2敲低对PE处理的NRVM细胞转录组的整体影响。
b.Venn图分析显示NIPSNAP2敲低和PE处理表达差异基因数量及相关性。
c.基因集富集分析(GSEA)显示NIPSNAP2敲低特异的信号通路。
d.GSEA显示NIPSNAP2敲低及PE处理特异下调编码核糖体蛋白的基因表达。
e.Heatmap分析显示NIPSNAP2敲低及PE处理前后对核糖体蛋白的基因表达的影响。
图7示出了NIPSNAP2对心肌肥厚中蛋白合成速率的促进作用不依赖于mTOR信号通路的相关结果。
a.Puromycin掺入实验显示,NIPSNAP2敲低加速PE处理前后NRVM细胞中的蛋白合成速率。*P<0.05,***P<0.001vs.siNeg;#P<0.05,###P<0.001vs.Vehicle.n=3。
b.NIPSNAP2腺病毒过表达减慢PE处理后NRVMs细胞的蛋白合成速率。*P<0.05vs.siNeg;##P<0.01,###P<0.001vs.Vehicle.n=3。
c.Puromycin掺入实验表明,NIPSNAP2基因敲除加速TAC手术前后的心肌组织的蛋白质合成速率。**P<0.01vs.siNeg;##P<0.01vs.Vehicle.n=3。
d.NIPSNAP2敲低对PE处理的NRVMs细胞mTOR信号转导通路中mTOR和p70S6K蛋白磷酸化水平的影响。n=3,*P<0.05vs.siNeg;#P<0.05,##P<0.01vs.Vehicle.n=3。
e.mTOR通路抑制剂Rapamycin(1nM)处理NRVMs细胞后,NIPSNAP2敲低仍能加快蛋白合成速率。**P<0.01vs.siNeg;##P<0.01###P<0.001vs.Vehicle.n=3。
f.NIPSNAP2敲低及Rapamycin(1nM)处理对NRVMs细胞mTOR信号转导通路中mTOR和p70S6K蛋白磷酸化水平的影响。n=3,#P<0.05,##P<0.01,##P<0.01vs.Vehicle.n=3。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请,并不用于限定本申请。本申请中未详细单独说明的试剂均为常规试剂,均可从商业途径获得;未详细特别说明的方法均为常规实验方法,可从现有技术中获知。
研究发现NIPSNAP2与线粒体氧化磷酸化、线粒体自噬功能紧密相关。在氧化磷酸化(OXPHOS)系统缺陷的患者中检测到NIPSNAP2的单核苷酸多态性,其突变损害线粒体氧化呼吸链的电子传递功能。NIPSNAP2被报道是神经细胞1型钙通道的正调节因子,可能与CREB转录活性增强相关;NIPSNAP2被报道对线粒体通透性转变无显著影响。有研究报道NIPSNAP2在线粒体去极化时积聚在线粒体表面,招募选择性自噬蛋白质,包括自噬受体和ATG8,为受损线粒体发出“eat me”信号进而清除功能受损的线粒体。深入的功能研究发现,NIPSNAP1功能缺失导致斑马鱼大脑中线粒体自噬减少和帕金森表型,包括酪氨酸羟化酶阳性多巴胺能神经元的丢失,运动活性降低和氧化应激增加。此外,NIPSNAP2在部分肿瘤组织中表达量显著升高,与食管癌、口腔鳞状细胞癌与卵巢癌的发生发展密切相关。敲低NIPSNAP2可抑制体内外肿瘤细胞的增殖、促进肿瘤细胞凋亡,可能与p53信号轴或真核生物延伸因子1α相关。尽管有研究报道NIPSNAP2与帕金森综合征、肿瘤发生发展相关,但其在心血管疾病中作用尚不清楚;此外尚无研究报道NIPSNAP2在翻译调控中的作用。
而本申请发现了NIPSNAP2与心肌肥厚发生之间的关系,即NIPSNAP2活性增强或者表达量增加能够减慢PE处理后NRVMs细胞的蛋白合成速率,NIPSNAP2过表达能减缓TAC手术诱导的小鼠心肌肥厚,表明NIPSNAP2腺相关病毒过表达在压力超负荷引起的心肌肥厚和心力衰竭中具有保护作用,提示NIPSNAP2可作为临床上治疗心肌肥厚的潜在靶点。
基于此,实施例公开了外周血和/或心肌组织中NIPSNAP2作为生物标志物的应用,为A1)或A2):A1)制备预测心肌肥厚的产品;A2)制备治疗心肌肥厚的产品;所述应用为非疾病的诊断或治疗。
实施例还公开了增强外周血和/或心肌组织中NIPSNAP2活性和/或表达量的物质的应用,为B1)或B2):B1)制备预测心肌肥厚的产品;B2)制备治疗心肌肥厚的产品;所述应用为非疾病的诊断或治疗。
实施例还公开了将NIPSNAP2作为药物靶点的物质在制备产品中的应用,所述产品的功能为C1)或C2):C1)预测心肌肥厚;C2)预防和/或治疗心肌肥厚;所述应用为非疾病的诊断与治疗。
在这些实施例中,所述NIPSNAP2的检测对象为体外外周血和/或心肌组织样本。
实施例还公开了外周血和/或心肌组织中NIPSNAP2活性和/或表达量提高的小鼠在制备和/或筛选药物中的应用;所述药物的功能为D1)或D2):D1)预测心肌肥厚;D2)预防和/或治疗心肌肥厚;所述应用为非疾病的诊断或治疗。
在一些实施例中,所述药物选自核酸分子、碳水化合物、脂、小分子化合物、抗体、多肽、蛋白、基因编辑载体、慢病毒、腺病毒或腺相关病毒中的一种或多种。例如,促进NIPSNAP2活性的小分子化合物,促进NIPSNAP2表达的病毒。
同时,实施例还公开了一种激动剂,其为上调NIPSNAP2基因表达、过表达NIPSNAP2基因的物质,和/或,促进NIPSNAP2蛋白含量和/或活性的物质。
在一些实施例中,所述激动剂为过表达NIPSNAP2基因的病毒。在一些实施例中,所述病毒为携带了cTnT启动子及NIPSNAP2基因的AAV9病毒。
实施例公开了一种试剂盒,包括检测NIPSNAP2活性和/或表达量的物质;所述试剂盒的检测对象为外周血和/或心肌组织;所述试剂盒的用途为预测心肌肥厚或预防和/或治疗心肌肥厚。
在一些实施例中,所述试剂盒由检测NIPSNAP2活性和/或表达量的物质组成。在一些实施例中,所述试剂盒为检测NIPSNAP2表达量的qRT-PCR试剂盒。在一些实施例中,所述试剂盒包括如SEQ ID NO.15~16所述的引物对。在一些实施例中,所述试剂盒包括如SEQID NO.28~29所述的引物对。
下方将结合非限制性实施例对本申请进行进一步说明。本领域技术人员将理解,下列实施例虽然指出了本申请的一些实施方案,但仅以举例说明的方式给出,其中所用试剂均可以通过商业途径得到。
一、材料与方法
1、动物饲养
所有动物实验程序均由中国医学科学院阜外医院深圳医院动物管理与使用委员会(IACUC)审核批准,并按照美国国立卫生研究院出版的实验动物管理与使用指南(第8版)执行。所有小鼠在SPF环境中饲养,室温24±3℃,湿度55±5%,12小时光照/12小时黑暗循环,喂食正常饲料。
2、AAV-NIPSNAP2过表达腺相关病毒载体的构建
根据以下引物AAV-m-NIPSNAP2-N-F:tacttaatacgactcactataggctagcCTCGAGATGGCGGCGCGGGT,
SEQ ID NO.1所示;AAV-m-NIPSNAP2-N-R:atcgtcatccttgtagtcaagcttggtCTGGAGCGGGGAGGTCTTGAG,SEQ ID NO.2所示。进行小鼠NIPSNAP2基因PCR扩增获得目的片段;随后扩增序列电泳回收后重组连接转化,进行一代测序确认目的基因序列正确无误。
随后,采用三质粒腺相关病毒系统将NIPSNAP2包装至cTnT启动子驱动的AAV9、腺相关病毒纯化,随后进行质量检测与滴度检测。将AAV9-cTnT-NIPSNAP2和AAV9-cTnT-EGFP病毒通过尾静脉注射感染正常野生C57/BL6小鼠,2周后取心脏组织,通过PCR和Westernblot验证NIPSNAP2表达效率。
3、主动脉缩窄手术(TAC)构建小鼠心肌肥厚模型
将8周龄正常野生C57/BL6小鼠经主动脉狭窄术(TAC)诱导小鼠心肌肥厚模型的技术。经2%三溴乙醇麻醉小鼠,沿第1~2肋间水平切开皮肤,依次分离肌肉、胸腺及脂肪组织,游离胸主动脉,将7-0手术缝线穿过主动脉,将27号针头连同主动脉一起结扎,保证结扎松紧程度一致,抽出27G针头,造成主动脉约70%狭窄后,逐层缝合肌肉和皮肤,涂抹碘伏消毒。假手术对照组(Sham)不作结扎,其他手术步骤同模型组。术后一周尾静脉注射AAV9-cTnT-NIPSNAP2和AAV9-cTnT-EGFP病毒至TAC或Sham组小鼠,术后每周采用高频小动物超声成像系统(VINNO,Yeeren;Beijing)评价心肌肥厚的发展程度。
4、心脏超声
TAC手术12周后,通过超声心动图评估AAV9-cTnT-NIPSNAP2对TAC手术诱导的心功能的影响。用异氟烷诱导麻醉小鼠,麻醉剂量强度设置为3,麻醉约30s后调整麻醉剂量为1,根据小鼠心率调整麻醉剂量的大小。胸骨旁短轴切面行小鼠心脏超声,超声探头涂抹耦合剂,将探头标记点朝向3点钟方向,使二尖瓣乳头肌分别位于2点和4点钟方向,保证左心室容积最大,调整麻醉剂用量使小鼠心率维持在450~550次/min,记录超声心动图。测量连续3个心动周期的左室收缩期/舒张期室间隔厚度(Left ventricular end systolic/diastolic interventricular septum thickness,IVSs/IVSd)、左室收缩末期/舒张末期后壁厚度(Left ventricular end systolic/diastolic posterior wall thickness,LVPWs/LVPWd)、左室收缩末期/舒张末期内径(Left ventricular end systolic/diastolic internal diameter,LVIDs/LVIDd),然后取平均值。并依此计算左心室收缩/舒张末期容积(Left ventricular end systolic/diastolic volume,LVESV/LVEDV)、左心室射血分数(Left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)和左心室短轴缩短率(Leftventricular fractional shortening,LVFS)。
5、组织病理学分析
TAC手术12周实验终点,称量小鼠体重后颈脱臼处死,解剖以获得心脏。先用1mM氯化钾溶液浸泡使心脏处于舒张期。随后用0.9%生理盐水润洗心脏直至无明显血水,用手术剪减去心耳后称重。环切部分心脏组织用4%多聚甲醛在室温下固定24h后进行石蜡包埋。随后将心脏以5μm的厚度横切,切片用苏木精-伊红染色(H&E)进行组织病理学检查,用小麦胚芽凝集素染色(WGA)测量心肌细胞横切面积,用Masson染色评估胶原沉积情况。AAV9-cTnT-NIPSNAP2和AAV9-cTnT-EGFP病毒至TAC或Sham组小鼠染色切片用CaseViewer2.3软件进行观察,用Image J软件进行统计。
6、qRT-PCR检测小鼠心肌肥厚标志物的表达
从AAV9-cTnT-NIPSNAP2和AAV9-cTnT-EGFP病毒至TAC或Sham组小鼠心肌组织样品中提取总RNA,在Nanpdorp仪器上测定各样品RNA的浓度与质量。使用诺唯赞公司的All-in-one反转录试剂盒对RNA样品进行反转录操作。反转录体系包括1μL Enzyme Mix、2μL 5×All-in-one qRT SuperMix*、RNA(1μLg)和DEPC水,根据各RNA样品浓度计算所需体积,总体积为10μL。反转录程序包括50℃15min、85℃5min和4℃5min。使用诺唯赞公司的SYBR GreenMaster MIX进行实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real time PCR,qRT-PCR),按说明书配制反应体系包括5μL 2×SYBR Green Master MIX、0.5μL正向引物、0.5μL反向引物、cDNA 1μL和3μL DEPC水。加入2μL/孔的cDNA模板至384孔板相应的微孔内,再将除cDNA外的反应体系配制成Mix混合液后加入至对应的微孔中;使用密封透明膜密封384孔板,于室温下3000rpm离心1min;将384孔板放入实时荧光定量PCR仪中按设定反应程序进行PCR反应。反应程序如下:预变性95℃5min;PCR扩增包括95℃变性10s、95℃退火10s、72℃延伸10s共循环35次;72℃后延伸5min;溶解曲线。数据分析:待反应完成后将数据导出,于Excel中使用2-△△Ct方法计算每个基因相对于内参基因GAPDH或Atcb的水平,使用GraphPad Prism9.0软件进行可视化绘图。所用PCR引物序列见表1。
表1
Gene Symbol | Species | Forward primer | Reverse primer |
Gapdh | Mouse | tcctgcaccaccaactgcttag,SEQ ID NO.3 | gatgaccttgcccacagccttg,SEQ ID NO.4 |
Atcb | Mouse | ggagcaccctgtgctgctca,SEQ ID NO.5 | gccaggtccagacgcaggat,SEQ ID NO.6 |
Nppa | Mouse | tttcaagaacctgctagaccacc,SEQ ID NO.7 | gatctatcggaggggtccca,SEQ ID NO.8 |
Nppb | Mouse | cgctgggaggtcactcctat,SEQ ID NO.9 | cttcagtgcgttacagcccaa,SEQ ID NO.10 |
Mhy6 | Mouse | agctcacctaccagacagagg,SEQ ID NO.11 | ttcctcgtcgtgcatcttctt,SEQ ID NO.12 |
Myh7 | Mouse | ggcctgggcttacctctcta,SEQ ID NO.13 | acagtcaccgtcttgccatt,SEQ ID NO.14 |
NIPSNAP2 | Mouse | caggatcaagcagtccacct,SEQ ID NO.15 | tgccccactcgatcattgtt,SEQ ID NO.16 |
7、NIPSNAP2基因敲除对TAC诱导小鼠心肌肥厚的影响
利用CRISPR-cas9技术构建NIPSNAP2全身性敲除的小鼠品系,在小鼠Nipsnap2目的基因编码序列中寻找靶序列,设计sgRNA为TTGTCAGAAAGGTCGATCCAAGG,SEQ ID NO.17,Cas9 mRNA为TTCAGTTCACAACGTTAAGCCGG,SEQ ID NO.18;将体外转录的sgRNA和Cas9 mRNA显微注射受精卵后进行胚胎移植,待小鼠出生约7天内剪脚趾(或尾)提取DNA并进行PCR鉴定;将小鼠配繁三代构建稳定小鼠品系后进行后续实验,通过PCR和Western blot验证NIPSNAP2的敲除是否成功。随后在8周龄NIPSNAP2基因敲除小鼠与野生型雄鼠中进行TAC手术诱导小鼠心肌肥厚模型,探究NIPSNAP2基因缺失对心肌肥厚病理进程的影响。
8、细胞实验
(1)原代大鼠心肌细胞(NRVM)的分离及培养
无菌操作取出3天内新生大鼠心脏,用剪刀剪碎,加入0.5mg/ml的II型胶原酶(Sigma)以及0.02mg/ml胰蛋白酶(Sigma)消化,充分消化心肌组织后,经Percoll密度分层离心去除成纤维细胞和内皮细胞,将纯化的心肌细胞用10%FBSDMEM培养基混匀后接种到6孔板中,并于37℃、5% CO2培养箱内培养24h,吸弃培养基后更换为1%ITS、1%青霉素/链霉素DMEM培养,以便后续实验操作;
(2)细胞干扰实验
在NRVMs细胞中,使用Lipofectamine iMAX(Invitrogen)转染特异性siRNA降低NIPSNAP2表达,rNIPSNAP2、特异性siRNA寡核苷酸购自吉玛生物。使用的siRNA的靶序列如下:rNIPSNAP2 siRNA,5’-GCUGGCUAAAGUCCUUAUUTT-3’,SEQ ID NO.19所示;使用腺病毒感染过表达NIPSNAP2,12h后更换新鲜培养基并加入100uM PE继续培养36h诱导NRVMs细胞肥大,雷帕霉素(Sigma-Aldrich)以DMSO进行溶解配制1mM储存液,加入雷帕霉素100nM处理NRVMs细胞24h后收样。
(3)嘌呤霉素掺入实验
NRVMs细胞中,利用嘌呤霉素掺入实验,探究NIPSNAP2敲低和过表达对PE诱导NRVMs蛋白合成速率的影响,实验终点前30min掺入1μM嘌呤霉素,Western blot检测蛋白质的翻译速率。
对于C57BL/6J小鼠,在假手术组(Sham)和TAC组小鼠通过腹腔注射嘌呤霉素(25mg/kg体重),3h后异氟烷气体麻醉处死小鼠,立刻解剖并取出心脏,将心脏组织提取蛋白后进行Western blot实验,用抗嘌呤霉素抗体(Merck)来检测嘌呤霉素掺入量,从而反映蛋白质的翻译速率。
(4)Western blot
用RIPA裂解缓冲液从细胞和心脏组织中提取总蛋白,同时加入蛋白酶抑制剂Cooktial、PMSF及磷酸酶抑制剂。细胞以及组织裂解液在4℃、12000g离心15mins后取上清,BCA蛋白定量测定蛋白质浓度,根据实验需求取相同质量的蛋白质提取物进行SDS-PAGE电泳,随后转移到PVDF膜上。用5%脱脂牛奶在室温下封闭PVDF膜1小时,用抗体稀释液(3%BSA+1%叠氮化钠溶解至1×TBS)按比例稀释抗体,置于4℃摇床孵育过夜。用抗体稀释液以1:10000比例稀释不同来源的二抗,将PVDF膜与二抗室温摇床孵育1~2h,最后用使用化学发光仪进行曝光;数据分析使用Image J软件对目的条带进行灰度统计分析,使用GraphPadPrism 9.0软件进行可视化绘图。
(5)qRT-PCR
从NRVMs细胞样品中提取总RNA,参考2.5项下的实验方法检测心肌肥厚标志物的变化。本申请所用PCR引物序列见表2。
表2
Gene Symbol | Species | Forward primer | Reverse primer |
Gapdh | Rat | acagcaacagggtggtggac,SEQ ID NO.20 | tttgagggtgcagcgaactt,SEQ ID NO.21 |
Atcb | Rat | cccatctatgagggttacgc,SEQ ID NO.22 | tttaatgtcacgcacgatttc,SEQ ID NO.23 |
Nppa | Rat | atacagtgcggtgtccaaca,SEQ ID NO.24 | agccctcagtttgcttttca,SEQ ID NO.25 |
Nppb | Rat | cagctctcaaaggaccaagg,SEQ ID NO.26 | gcagcttgaactatgtgcca,SEQ ID NO.27 |
NIPSNAP2 | Rat | tggtgcatcatctttgggct,SEQ ID NO.28 | cctggatgagtgggaccgta,SEQ ID NO.29 |
(6)NRVMs cTnT免疫荧光染色
将NRVMs细胞传代培养在细胞爬片中,待细胞贴壁24h,细胞密度约为50%左右时进行免疫荧光染色。先用4%的多聚甲醛室温固定细胞爬片15min,随后加入1.5mL 0.5%Triton X-100(in PBS)室温通透20min,再加入1.5mL封闭液(PBS/0.2% Milk/5%BSA/0.03%TritonX-100)室温封闭30min。一抗孵育按1:200稀释cTnT抗体(Abcam,ab8295),每张爬片滴加100μL,放入湿盒中4℃孵育过夜;二抗孵育按1:1000稀释荧光二抗,每张爬片滴加100μL,室温孵育1h;随后滴加即用型DAPI染色液100μL,避光孵育5min;最后,用1mL注射器针头小心挑起爬片,滴加1滴抗荧光淬灭剂随后用盖玻片封片,在共聚焦显微镜下观察采集图像,利用imageJ软件统计心肌细胞面积。
(7)GEO数据处理
GEO数据库(GEO,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo)明确NIPSNAP2的组织分布;探究NIPSNAP2在TAC诱导的小鼠心肌肥厚模型相关数据集中的表达改变;探究NIPSNAP2在扩张型心肌病与心力衰竭相关GEO数据集中的变化。
(8)RNA-seq转录组测序及数据分析
原始数据比对参考基因组或基于平台注释将探针名转换为对应的官方基因名;剔除无基因名的探针信息,剔除低表达水平的基因以防干扰分析结果;使用R语言Limma包对各数据集进行差异基因分析,差异基因筛选条件为|Fold change|>1.5且P-Value<0.05;Metascape(http://metascape.org)在线富集分析工具对多个数据集的差异基因进行联合富集分析;Enrichr(https://maayanlab.cloud/Enrichr/)在线工具进行富集分析,相关数据库包括ChEA2022、GO基因本体论、KEGG信号通路、Wiki信号通路等;GSEA软件使用默认参数对转录组或GEO芯片数据进行基因集富集分析。
(9)统计学分析
数据以均数±标准差表示。对于方差相等的正态分布变量,两组之间的差异采用独立的Student's t检验进行评估;多重比较采用单向方差分析和Tukey事后检验进行分析;P<0.05表示有统计学意义。数据统计分析采用SPSS(v22)(IBM,美国)软件,图形可视化使用GraphPad和R语言。
二、结果
1、心肌肥厚进程中NIPSNAP2的表达水平降低
本实施例发现,在GEO数据库中发现NIPSNAP2在心脏组织中高表达(图1a),NIPSNAP2在主动脉狭窄术(transaortic constriction,TAC)所诱导的小鼠心肌肥厚中表达下降(图1b),且在心力衰竭疾病的心肌组织中表达量下降(图1c),TAC术后的小鼠心肌组织中NIPSNAP2 mRNA(图1d)与NIPSNAP2蛋白水平(图1e)均呈下降趋势。这些结果表明NIPSNAP2在心肌肥厚过程中存在动态调控,提示NIPSNAP2可能与心肌肥厚疾病进程紧密相关。
2、NIPSNAP2过表达能减缓TAC手术诱导的小鼠心肌肥厚
为探究NIPSNAP2的治疗潜力,本实施例构建了小鼠NIPSNAP2过表达的9型腺相关病毒(adeno-associated virus 9,AAV9)的质粒AAV-NIPSNAP2(实验组),并以AAV9-EGFP作为对照组。图2a验证了AAV-NIPSNAP2质粒成功构建。
本实施例中,如图3a所示,通过TAC手术构建了心肌肥厚的模型小鼠,并通过后尾静脉注射上述实验组和对照组分别构建的质粒,并在TAC术后12周测定小鼠心肌肥厚表型。结果可知,感染AAV9-NIPSNAP2小鼠的心脏过表达成功(图3b)。与AAV9-EGFP组相比,NIPSNAP2过表达显著降低了TAC诱导的心脏增大,心重体重比增加(图3c)。NIPSNAP2过表达显著减缓了TAC手术诱导的小鼠心肌细胞面积增加(图3d)与心肌纤维化程度(图3e)。超声心动图显示NIPSNAP2过表达明显逆转了TAC术后射血分数和短轴缩短率下降(图3f),显著改善了小鼠的心脏收缩功能。qRT-PCR发现NIPSNAP2过表达显著降低了TAC手术诱导的心肌肥厚标志物的升高,包括Nppa、Nppb与Myh7(图3g)。这些结果表明,NIPSNAP2腺相关病毒过表达在压力超负荷引起的心肌肥厚和心力衰竭中具有保护作用,提示NIPSNAP2可作为临床上治疗心肌肥厚的潜在靶点。
3、NIPSNAP2敲除加重TAC诱导的心肌肥厚
为探究NIPSNAP2在小鼠心肌肥厚进程中的作用,我们利用CRISPR-cas9技术研发了Nipsnap2全身性基因敲除的小鼠。实验结果发现,Nipsnap2基因敲除小鼠显著增加了TAC手术4周诱导的心脏增大,心重体重比增加(图4a)。Nipsnap2基因敲除增加了TAC手术诱导的小鼠心肌细胞面积增加(图4b)与心肌纤维化(图4c)。超声心动图显示Nipsnap2基因敲除显著加重了TAC术后受损的射血分数和短轴缩短率(图4d)。qRT-PCR发现Nipsnap2基因敲除显著增加了TAC手术诱导的心肌肥厚标志物的升高,包括Nppa、Nppb与Myh7(图4e)。实验结果表明NIPSNAP2敲除显著加重心肌肥厚的病理进程。
4、NIPSNAP2基因沉默加剧PE诱导的心肌细胞肥大
为探究NIPSNAP2在新生大鼠原代心肌细胞(neonatal rat ventricularmyocytes,NRVMs)肥大中的作用,Nipsnap2腺病毒过表达可减轻PE诱导的心肌细胞面积的增加(图5a,b),部分逆转PE诱导的Nppa与Nppb肥厚标志物的升高(图5c);而敲低Nipsnap2明显加重PE所诱导的心肌细胞面积增大(图5d、e),qRT-PCR检测心肌肥厚标志物发现Nipsnap2基因沉默增加PE诱导的Nppa与Nppb肥厚标志物的升高(图5f)。综合以上结果表明,NIPSNAP2过表达在体内外发挥抑制心肌肥厚的保护作用,而NIPSNAP2缺失或沉默加剧体内外心肌肥厚进程,提示NIPSNAP2过表达可作为缓解心肌肥厚的有效策略。
5、NIPSNAP2调控心肌肥厚的蛋白翻译
为探究NIPSNAP2调控心肌肥厚的分子机制,本实施例对敲低NIPSNAP2的NRVMs进行RNA-seq转录组测序分析。结果可知,NIPSNAP2基因沉默与PE诱导的心肌肥厚的转录组重编程抑制,提示NIPSNAP2基因沉默会加重心肌肥厚的病理进程(图6a)。Venn图发现NIPSNAP2基因沉默后下调差异基因中的大部分在PE诱导的诱导条件下也显著下调(图6b)。在敲低NIPSNAP2表达改变的基因中,编码核糖体蛋白(ribosomal proteins)的基因显著富集(图6c);此外,NIPSNAP2基因沉默与PE处理均能显著降低核糖体相关基因的表达,且NIPSNAP2基因沉默与PE处理对核糖体蛋白的表达有叠加作用(图6d,e),提示NIPSNAP2有可能通过调节蛋白质翻译进程进而影响病理性心肌肥厚。
6、NIPSNAP2对心肌肥厚中蛋白合成速率的促进作用不依赖于mTOR信号通路
本实施例通过嘌呤霉素掺入试验评估NIPSNAP2对蛋白质合成的影响。结果可知,在基础条件下和PE处理后,NIPSNAP2基因沉默显著加快NRVMs的蛋白质合成速率(图7a),过表达NIPSNAP2则相反的抑制了PE诱导的蛋白翻译速率增加(图7b)。此外,NIPSNAP2基因敲除明显加剧TAC手术前后的小鼠心肌组织的蛋白合成速率(图7c)。然而,敲低NIPSNAP2并未显著影响mTOR活性,包括mTOR与P70的磷酸化水平(图7d);mTOR抑制剂Rapamycin处理下敲低NIPSNAP2仍能一定程度地加速蛋白合成速率(图7e,f),表明NIPSNAP2对蛋白翻译活性的调控作用不依赖mTOR信号通路。综上所述,NIPSNAP2可能通过减缓蛋白质翻译速率在心肌肥厚的病理发生发展中发挥保护作用,可作为临床上治疗心肌肥厚的潜在靶点。
以上所述,仅为本申请较佳的具体实施方式,但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.外周血和/或心肌组织中NIPSNAP2作为生物标志物的应用,为A1)或A2):
A1)制备预测心肌肥厚的产品;
A2)制备治疗心肌肥厚的产品;
所述应用为非疾病的诊断或治疗。
2.增强外周血和/或心肌组织中NIPSNAP2活性和/或表达量的物质的应用,为B1)或B2):
B1)制备预测心肌肥厚的产品;
B2)制备治疗心肌肥厚的产品;
所述应用为非疾病的诊断或治疗。
3.将NIPSNAP2作为药物靶点的物质在制备产品中的应用,所述产品的功能为C1)或C2):
C1)预测心肌肥厚;
C2)预防和/或治疗心肌肥厚;
所述应用为非疾病的诊断或治疗。
4.如权利要求3所述的应用,所述NIPSNAP2的检测对象为体外外周血和/或心肌组织样本。
5.外周血和/或心肌组织中NIPSNAP2活性和/或表达量提高的小鼠在制备和/或筛选药物中的应用;所述药物的功能为D1)或D2):
D1)预测心肌肥厚;
D2)预防和/或治疗心肌肥厚;
所述应用为非疾病的诊断或治疗。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,所述药物选自核酸分子、碳水化合物、脂、小分子化合物、抗体、多肽、蛋白、基因编辑载体、慢病毒、腺病毒或腺相关病毒中的一种或多种。
7.一种激动剂,其为上调NIPSNAP2基因表达、过表达NIPSNAP2基因的物质,和/或,促进NIPSNAP2蛋白含量和/或活性的物质。
8.根据权利要求7所述的激动剂,其为过表达NIPSNAP2基因的病毒;
可选地,所述病毒为携带了cTnT启动子及NIPSNAP2基因的AAV9病毒。
9.一种试剂盒,包括检测NIPSNAP2活性和/或表达量的物质;
所述试剂盒的检测对象为外周血和/或心肌组织;
所述试剂盒的用途为预测心肌肥厚或预防和/或治疗心肌肥厚。
10.如权利要求6所述的试剂盒,所述试剂盒由检测NIPSNAP2活性和/或表达量的物质组成。
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