CN117259758B - Method for preparing part from waste steel - Google Patents
Method for preparing part from waste steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN117259758B CN117259758B CN202311276700.9A CN202311276700A CN117259758B CN 117259758 B CN117259758 B CN 117259758B CN 202311276700 A CN202311276700 A CN 202311276700A CN 117259758 B CN117259758 B CN 117259758B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 236
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical group O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
- B22F3/225—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by injection molding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/102—Metallic powder coated with organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/108—Mixtures obtained by warm mixing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
- B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F8/00—Manufacture of articles from scrap or waste metal particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0848—Melting process before atomisation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of steel recycling, in particular to a method for preparing parts from waste steel; comprises the steps of pretreating waste steel to obtain iron materials; melting iron materials into initial molten iron, and adjusting chemical components of the molten iron to obtain raw material molten iron; cooling, drying and screening the initial iron particles to obtain raw iron particles; modifying the surface of raw material iron particles to obtain drying-free iron particles; heating the drying-free iron particles and the binder to 136-150 ℃ and stirring and mixing for 1-2 hours to obtain mixed slurry; injecting the mixed slurry into a blank body under the conditions of the pressure of 80-100 MPa and the temperature of 136-150 ℃; degreasing the embryo body at 140-150 ℃ for 2-4 hours to obtain degreased embryo; vacuum sintering the degreased blank to obtain a part; after the waste steel is melted, the metal powder injection technology is adopted to prepare the part, so that the problems of segregation of alloy components, uneven cast structure and the like are avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel recycling, in particular to a method for preparing parts from waste steel.
Background
The flange part is produced with pig iron and waste steel, and through smelting in medium frequency or electric arc steel furnace, casting in sand mold or metal mold, and heating to forge into flange blank. The known pig iron has carbon content of more than 2.0%, the carbon content of scrap steel is generally lower than 2.0%, and the carbon content of flange parts of other main stream types except the butt welding flange and the carbon flange is generally lower than or equal to 0.8%, so that the scrap steel is obviously more cost performance (the component adjustment amplitude is reduced) for preparing the flange parts, and the method has certain environmental protection significance. However, the casting mode in the prior art easily causes the defects of alloy composition segregation, uneven cast structure and the like of the part blank.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing parts by waste steel, which adopts waste steel as raw material, has environmental protection significance and avoids the problems of segregation of alloy components, uneven cast structure and the like.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing parts by waste steel comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreating waste steel to obtain an iron material;
s2, melting the iron material into initial molten iron, and adjusting chemical components of the molten iron to obtain raw material molten iron;
s3, controlling the temperature of the melting furnace to be 1200-1300 ℃, and atomizing raw material molten iron in the melting furnace to obtain initial iron particles (namely, a high-pressure water mist method);
s4, cooling, drying and screening the initial iron particles to obtain raw material iron particles;
s5, modifying the surface of the raw material iron particles to obtain drying-free iron particles;
s6, heating the drying-free iron particles and the binder to 136-150 ℃ in a volume ratio of 2 (2-3), and stirring and mixing for 1-2 hours to obtain mixed slurry;
s7, injecting the mixed slurry into a blank body under the conditions of the pressure of 80-100 MPa and the temperature of 136-150 ℃;
s8, degreasing the embryo body at 140-150 ℃ for 2-4 hours to obtain a degreased embryo;
and S9, sintering the degreased blank in vacuum to obtain the part.
Preferably, the pretreatment method in step S1 includes at least one of cleaning, rust removal, oil removal, and ink removal. And selecting corresponding pretreatment means according to the actual condition of the recycled steel.
Preferably, the pretreatment method in step S1 is acid washing or sand blasting followed by water washing.
Preferably, in step S2, the chemical components of the molten iron are adjusted as follows: the weight percentages are as follows:
15 to 17 percent of Cr,3 to 5 percent of Ni,3 to 5 percent of Cu, 0.15 to 0.45 percent of Nb,0 to 1.0 percent of Mn,0 to 1.0 percent of Si,0 to 0.08 percent of C, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Preferably, in the step S3, raw molten iron in a melting furnace is atomized through a flow guide pipe with the hole diameter of 15mm at the atomizing pressure of 60MPa and the water flow rate of 93L/min for 3min.
Preferably, the step S4 is performed to obtain spherical raw material iron particles with the particle size of 15-53 μm. The spherical particles with the size are easy to obtain by an ultrahigh pressure water mist method, and although the particle size most suitable for injection molding is 0.5-20 mu m, experiments show that the raw material iron particles can still reach qualified bonding strength and fluidity even if the raw material contains a certain amount of large particles by adopting the process.
Preferably, the surface modification method in step S5 is: and weighing stearic acid and absolute alcohol according to the weight ratio of 1:20, mixing and stirring the two until the stearic acid is completely dissolved to obtain a modified liquid, immersing raw material iron particles in the modified liquid, stirring at 750-1400 rpm for 1-2 hours, fishing out the raw material iron particles, and drying at room temperature to obtain the drying-free iron particles. Stearic acid molecules are uniformly arranged on the surface of iron, so that the drying-free iron particles can not adsorb excessive moisture in the long-time transportation, storage and other processes, and then drying treatment is not needed before injection molding. In addition, stearic acid molecules are only attached to the iron surface in the surface modification method, the temperature of the mixture of the iron particles and the binder in the injection molding process exceeds 136 ℃, and the stearic acid molecules are melted in the environment exceeding 72 ℃ so as to separate from the iron, so that the surface modification method does not influence the melting and bonding of the binder on the iron surface.
Preferably, the binder in step S6 is modified polyethylene particles, and the preparation method of the modified polyethylene particles includes: weighing the modifier, the stabilizer and the polyethylene according to the weight part ratio of 1:1:98, uniformly mixing and stirring the modifier and the stabilizer, pouring the mixture into the polyethylene for melting, and stirring and reacting for 10-12 min. The modified binder has strong metal affinity, is extremely easy to be bonded with iron particles in a molten state, improves injection molding effect, and is more important: the binder obtained by the method has higher degreasing efficiency under the same conventional degreasing condition.
Preferably, the modifier is maleic anhydride and the stabilizer is polyvinyl alcohol.
Preferably, the method of preparing the modified polyethylene pellets further comprises extrusion, pelletization and cooling.
Preferably, the vacuum sintering method in the step S9 is that the vacuum sintering furnace is used for sintering for 20 to 24 hours at the temperature of 1200 to 1400 ℃.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the flange part is prepared by adopting waste steel as raw materials, so that the component adjustment amplitude is reduced, and the production cost is also reduced; the waste steel is reused, and the method has the significance of energy conservation and environmental protection; after the waste steel is melted, the metal powder injection technology is adopted to prepare the part, so that the problems of segregation of alloy components, uneven cast structure and the like are avoided.
Detailed Description
The following is a further description of embodiments of the invention in connection with comparative experiments:
example 1
In the embodiment, the pretreatment flow is that acid washing is performed firstly and then water washing is performed, and the acid washing has the advantages of simultaneously performing rust removal, oil removal and ink removal, so that the flow is simplified.
Feeding the iron material into a melting furnace to be melted into initial molten iron, and adjusting the chemical components of the molten iron to obtain raw material molten iron, wherein in the embodiment; the chemical components of the molten iron are adjusted as follows: the weight percentages are as follows:
15.2% Cr,3.3% Ni,3.2% Cu,0.16% Nb,0.9% Mn,0.9% Si,0.07% C, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The temperature of the melting furnace is controlled at 1250 ℃, raw material molten iron in the melting furnace is atomized through a flow guide pipe with the hole diameter of 15mm at the atomizing pressure of 60MPa and the water flow rate of 93L/min for 3min, and initial iron particles are obtained.
The raw iron particles obtained by the screening of the present invention are spherical particles having a particle diameter of 30 to 40 μm, because they are easily obtained in the above-mentioned high-pressure water mist method.
The surface modification method of the raw material iron particles is that the drying-free iron particles are obtained by modifying the surfaces of the raw material iron particles, and the surface modification method is as follows: weighing 50 parts of stearic acid and 1000 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol according to parts by weight, mixing and stirring the two parts of stearic acid and absolute ethyl alcohol until the stearic acid is completely dissolved to be used as a modified liquid, immersing raw material iron particles in the modified liquid, stirring at 800rpm for 1.8 hours, fishing out the raw material iron particles, and drying at room temperature to obtain the drying-free iron particles.
Heating the drying-free iron particles and a binder to 138 ℃ in a volume ratio of 40:55, stirring and mixing for 1.8 hours to obtain mixed slurry, wherein the binder adopts modified polyethylene particles, and the preparation method of the modified polyethylene particles comprises the following steps: weighing 1 part of modifier, 1 part of stabilizer and 98 parts of polyethylene according to parts by weight, uniformly mixing and stirring the modifier and the stabilizer, pouring the mixture into polyethylene melt, stirring and reacting for 10min, stirring and reacting the modifier with maleic anhydride and the stabilizer with polyvinyl alcohol, and carrying out melt extrusion, granulating and cooling after stirring and reacting.
The mixed slurry is injected into an injection machine and injected into a blank body under the condition of the pressure of 85MPa and the temperature of 140 ℃.
And (5) placing the embryo body into a degreasing furnace to degrease for 3.8 hours at 142 ℃ to obtain degreased embryo.
And (3) placing the degreased blanks into a vacuum sintering furnace, and firing for 22 hours at the vacuum temperature of 1210 ℃ to obtain the flange parts.
Example 2
In the embodiment, the pretreatment process is to perform sand blasting firstly and then water washing, and the sand blasting realizes rust removal, oil removal and ink removal through physical friction, so that the process is simplified.
Feeding the iron material into a melting furnace to be melted into initial molten iron, and adjusting the chemical components of the molten iron to obtain raw material molten iron, wherein in the embodiment; the chemical components of the molten iron are adjusted as follows: the weight percentages are as follows:
16% Cr,4% Ni,4% Cu,0.35% Nb,0.7% Mn,0.7% Si,0.07% C, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The temperature of the melting furnace is controlled at 1280 ℃, raw material molten iron in the melting furnace is atomized through a flow guide pipe with the hole diameter of 15mm at the atomization pressure of 60MPa and the water flow rate of 93L/min for 3min, and initial iron particles are obtained.
And cooling, drying and screening the initial iron particles to obtain raw iron particles, wherein the particle size of the raw iron particles is 25-35 mu m.
The surface modification method of the raw material iron particles is that the drying-free iron particles are obtained by modifying the surfaces of the raw material iron particles, and the surface modification method is as follows: weighing 50 parts of stearic acid and 1000 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol according to parts by weight, mixing and stirring the two parts of stearic acid and absolute ethyl alcohol until the stearic acid is completely dissolved to be used as a modified liquid, immersing raw material iron particles in the modified liquid, stirring at 1300rpm for 1 hour, fishing out the raw material iron particles, and drying at room temperature to obtain the drying-free iron particles.
Heating the drying-free iron particles and a binder to 148 ℃ in a volume ratio of 1:1.2, stirring and mixing for 1.1 hours to obtain mixed slurry, wherein the binder adopts modified polyethylene particles, and the preparation method of the modified polyethylene particles comprises the following steps: 1 part of modifier, 1 part of stabilizer and 98 parts of polyethylene are weighed according to the weight part ratio, the modifier and the stabilizer are mixed and stirred uniformly and then poured into the polyethylene to be melted, the stirring reaction is carried out for 11min, the modifier adopts maleic anhydride, the stabilizer adopts polyvinyl alcohol, and the melting extrusion, the granulation and the cooling are carried out after the stirring reaction.
The mixed slurry is injected into an injection machine and injected into a blank body under the condition of the pressure of 98MPa and the temperature of 148 ℃.
And (5) placing the embryo body into a degreasing furnace to degrease for 2.5 hours at 148 ℃ to obtain degreased embryo.
And (3) placing the degreased blanks into a vacuum sintering furnace, and sintering for 21 hours at the temperature of 1380 ℃ in vacuum to obtain the flange parts.
Example 3
The waste steel is pretreated to obtain an iron material, and in this embodiment, the pretreatment process is to perform sand blasting first and then water washing.
Feeding the iron material into a melting furnace to be melted into initial molten iron, and adjusting the chemical components of the molten iron to obtain raw material molten iron, wherein in the embodiment; the chemical components of the molten iron are adjusted as follows: the weight percentages are as follows:
16.9% Cr,4.9% Ni,4.8% Cu,0.43% Nb,0.8% Mn,0.8% Si,0.07% C, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The temperature of the melting furnace is controlled at 1270 ℃, raw material molten iron in the melting furnace is atomized through a flow guide pipe with the hole diameter of 15mm at the atomization pressure of 60MPa and the water flow rate of 93L/min for 3min, and initial iron particles are obtained.
And cooling, drying and screening the initial iron particles to obtain raw iron particles, wherein the particle size of the raw iron particles is 30-40 mu m.
The surface modification method of the raw material iron particles is that the drying-free iron particles are obtained by modifying the surfaces of the raw material iron particles, and the surface modification method is as follows: weighing 50 parts of stearic acid and 1000 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol according to parts by weight, mixing and stirring the two parts of stearic acid and absolute ethyl alcohol until the stearic acid is completely dissolved to be used as a modified liquid, immersing raw material iron particles in the modified liquid, stirring at 1200rpm for 1.5 hours, fishing out the raw material iron particles, and drying at room temperature to obtain the drying-free iron particles.
Heating the drying-free iron particles and a binder to 145 ℃ in a volume ratio of 1:1, stirring and mixing for 1.5 hours to obtain mixed slurry, wherein the binder adopts modified polyethylene particles, and the preparation method of the modified polyethylene particles comprises the following steps: weighing 1 part of modifier, 1 part of stabilizer and 98 parts of polyethylene according to parts by weight, uniformly mixing and stirring the modifier and the stabilizer, pouring the mixture into polyethylene melt, stirring and reacting for 11min, stirring and reacting the modifier with maleic anhydride and the stabilizer with polyvinyl alcohol, and carrying out melt extrusion, granulating and cooling after stirring and reacting.
The mixed slurry is injected into an injection machine and injected into a blank body under the condition of the pressure of 90MPa and the temperature of 145 ℃.
And (5) placing the embryo body into a degreasing furnace to degrease for 3 hours at 145 ℃ to obtain degreased embryo.
And (5) placing the degreased blanks into a vacuum sintering furnace, and firing for 22 hours at the temperature of 1300 ℃ in vacuum to obtain the flange parts.
The flange parts obtained in the examples 1-3 are subjected to tensile strength test and yield strength test, wherein the tensile strength sigma b is more than or equal to 490MPa, the yield strength sigma s is more than or equal to 295MPa, and the strength requirements of national standards on common flanges and stainless steel flanges are met.
Comparative experiment 1
1) The purpose of the experiment is as follows: experiments prove that the drying-free iron particles have better quality guarantee effect under the same packaging condition.
2) The experimental method comprises the following steps: MIM injection iron powder (the package of which records the production address of Guangzhou, guangdong, the quality guarantee period of 6 months and the production date of 2022, 4 months and 5 days) hermetically packaged by a plastic bag is purchased in the market and used as comparative iron powder; 100 g of the comparative iron powder, the raw iron particles obtained by the invention and hermetically packaged in plastic bags and placed (placing place is Guangzhou, guangdong) for 1 year were subjected to water content test (the sample is weighed and recorded as A, and the sample is dried for 2 hours under vacuum and then is weighed and recorded as B again, and the water content is (A-B)/A%).
3) Experimental results: see Table 1
Table 1 moisture content test results table
It is known that iron powder for MIM injection generally requires a water content of 5% or less when used, and should be subjected to microscopic examination of oxidation corrosion and drying treatment before use once the iron powder has a high water content. As is clear from table 1, even though the iron powder is protected by the packing bag, the packing bag has a certain air permeability, and the comparative iron powder or the raw iron particles still easily adsorb moisture due to a large surface area ratio after standing for a long time. The invention obtains the drying-free iron particles by carrying out special treatment on the raw material iron particles, thereby prolonging the service life of the drying-free iron particles. In addition, as the hard acid ester molecules are arranged on the surfaces of the drying-free iron particles, the hard acid ester molecules can be melted in the mixing process, and the liquid hard acid ester and the adhesive are all organic matters to be melted, so that the compatibility is very good, and the adverse effect on the subsequent injection molding or degreasing can be avoided.
Comparative experiment 2
1) The purpose of the experiment is as follows: the performance of the embryo obtained by the invention on the feeding density and compression modulus is superior under the condition of adopting the iron particles with the same grade of particle size.
2) The experimental method comprises the following steps: the comparative adhesive was composed of 47.5% polyethylene, 47.5% paraffin wax and 5% stearic acid by mass percent, and a comparative embryo was obtained in the same manner as in example 3 in other steps, and the embryo bodies obtained in examples 1 to 3 and the comparative embryo were subjected to an injection feed density test and a compression modulus test, respectively.
3) Experimental results: see Table 2
Table 2 table of data recorded for injection feed strength test and density test
As can be seen from Table 2, the present invention provides a certain improvement in the green density and compression modulus, which is mainly due to the improvement of the binder.
Comparative experiment 3
1) The purpose of the experiment is as follows: the embryo obtained by the method is higher in degreasing efficiency than the embryo obtained by the contrast adhesive.
2) The experimental method comprises the following steps: the embryo bodies (150 mL) obtained in examples 1 to 3 and the comparative embryo with equal volume were placed in a weighing degreasing furnace with the same parameters and model respectively for degreasing at 145 ℃, heating was started to time, and time was recorded until the weight loss was 5% (about half of the binder was removed).
3) Experimental results: see Table 3
TABLE 3 degreasing time record table
| Sample type | Degreasing time (min) |
| Example 1 embryo body | 71 |
| Example 2 embryo body | 69 |
| Example 3 embryoBody | 69 |
| Contrast embryo | 76 |
As is clear from Table 3, the green body obtained in the present invention takes less time to remove the binder, and thus the degreasing efficiency is higher. In particular examples 2 and 3, the half-process degreasing efficiency was 9.2% higher than that of the comparative embryo. Experiments prove that the invention is beneficial to improving the overall production efficiency in industrial production.
Various other corresponding changes and modifications will occur to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description and the accompanying drawings, and all such changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The method for preparing the part by using the waste steel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, pretreating waste steel to obtain an iron material;
s2, melting the iron material into initial molten iron, and adjusting chemical components of the molten iron to obtain raw material molten iron;
s3, controlling the temperature of the melting furnace at 1200-1300 ℃, and atomizing raw material molten iron in the melting furnace to obtain initial iron particles;
s4, cooling, drying and screening the initial iron particles to obtain raw material iron particles;
s5, modifying the surface of the raw material iron particles to obtain drying-free iron particles; the surface modification method comprises the following steps: weighing stearic acid and absolute alcohol according to a weight part ratio of 1:20, mixing and stirring the stearic acid and the absolute alcohol until the stearic acid is completely dissolved to obtain a modified liquid, immersing raw material iron particles in the modified liquid, stirring at 750-1400 rpm for 1-2 hours, fishing out the raw material iron particles, and drying at room temperature to obtain drying-free iron particles;
s6, heating the drying-free iron particles and the binder to 136-150 ℃ in a volume ratio of 2 (2-3), and stirring and mixing for 1-2 hours to obtain mixed slurry;
s7, injecting the mixed slurry into a blank body under the condition of the pressure of 80-100 MPa and the temperature of 136-150 ℃;
s8, degreasing the embryo body at 140-150 ℃ for 2-4 hours to obtain a degreased embryo;
and S9, sintering the degreased blank in vacuum to obtain the part.
2. The method for preparing parts from waste steel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pretreatment method in S1 comprises at least one of cleaning, rust removal, oil removal and ink removal.
3. The method for preparing parts from waste steel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pretreatment method in the step S1 is that acid washing or sand blasting is carried out firstly and then water washing is carried out.
4. The method for preparing parts from waste steel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the step S2, the chemical components of the molten iron are adjusted as follows: the weight percentages are as follows:
15-17% of Cr, 3-5% of Ni, 3-5% of Cu, 0.15-0.45% of Nb, 0-1.0% of Mn, 0-1.0% of Si, 0-0.08% of C, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
5. The method for preparing parts from waste steel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and S3, atomizing raw molten iron in the melting furnace through a honeycomb duct with the hole diameter of 15mm at the atomizing pressure of 60MPa and the water flow rate of 93L/min for 3min.
6. The method for preparing parts from waste steel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) screening in the step S4 to obtain raw material iron particles with the particle size of 15-53 mu m.
7. The method for preparing parts from waste steel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the binder in the step S6 is modified polyethylene particles, and the preparation method of the modified polyethylene particles comprises the following steps: weighing the modifier, the stabilizer and the polyethylene according to the weight part ratio of 1:1:98, uniformly mixing and stirring the modifier and the stabilizer, pouring the mixture into the melted polyethylene, and stirring and reacting for 10-12 min.
8. The method for preparing a part from waste steel according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the modifier is maleic anhydride, and the stabilizer is polyvinyl alcohol.
9. The method for preparing parts from waste steel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the vacuum sintering method in the step S9 is to sinter the materials for 20-24 hours at the temperature of 1200-1400 ℃ in a vacuum sintering furnace.
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| CN112077313A (en) * | 2020-09-06 | 2020-12-15 | 江苏精研科技股份有限公司 | Method for preparing low-density steel complex parts by adopting powder metallurgy |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102146495A (en) * | 2010-02-08 | 2011-08-10 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Surface modified superfine powder and production method of surface modified superfine powder |
| CN102373359A (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2012-03-14 | 鞍钢重型机械有限责任公司 | Method for producing alloy steel powder special for automobile engines |
| WO2014104071A1 (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-07-03 | 日揮触媒化成株式会社 | Modified titanium oxide fine particle powder for molded bodies, composition for molded bodies, and molded body |
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