CN117233847A - Deposition type rare earth prospecting method based on geophysical data analysis - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of mineral exploration, and particularly relates to a deposit type rare earth prospecting method based on geophysical data analysis, which comprises the following steps: and combining basic geological data, adopting a geophysical exploration method combination of an audio magnetotelluric method and a high-density electrical method to acquire observation data and process the data, analyzing and interpreting results, and determining an ore-forming favorable section of the rare earth ore. The method can rapidly and accurately divide and delineate Xuanwei groups, emei mountain basalt boundary lines and deep geological information, and has the functions of arranging, drilling and verifying the vector, so that mountain engineering workload such as drilling, exploring grooves, stripping soil and the like is reduced, environmental disturbance is reduced, investigation cost is reduced, disturbance to the environment is reduced, and the prospecting breakthrough can be efficiently and rapidly realized, and the prospecting efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mineral exploration, and particularly relates to a deposit type rare earth prospecting method based on geophysical data analysis.
Background
The deposited rare earth is a new type of rare earth ore deposit which is newly discovered in recent years and takes basalt, tuff and volcaniclastic rock as weathered mother rock to decompose, migrate, differentiate and enrich useful elements into integrated ores through the weathering leaching effect. The rare earth ore is a product of the combined action of endogenous and exogenous actions, is mainly applied to a set of land source clastic rock at the bottom of Xuanwei groups on the basalt of Emeishan, is built into a set of claystone mainly in gray color, and is widely distributed in the Yundong-Qian and the Qinghai regions of China. The content of the key rare earth elements praseodymium, neodymium, terbium and dysprosium is higher, and valuable elements such as niobium, gallium, zirconium and scandium are associated, so that the method has great development and utilization values.
The former summarizes the prospecting methods of various rare earth ores, namely a shallow coverage area rare earth ore prospecting method and system which realize the rapid prospecting of the shallow coverage area alkaline omnirange rare earth ore according to the Bragg gravity anomaly, the magnetic anomaly and the gamma energy spectrum radioactivity anomaly; the method comprises the steps of acquiring multispectral, thermal infrared and hyperspectral images of a high-latitude and high-cold research area through a satellite detector, extracting regional geological background information based on multisource remote sensing information and extracting regional thermal anomaly information based on a thermal infrared band by using a machine learning computer automatic extraction method, determining geological mineral formation background and main mineral formation rocks of the research area, and establishing a rare earth-uranium ore prospecting model of the high-latitude and high-cold area; the method for rapidly selecting the ion type rare earth mining target area utilizes a high-resolution remote sensing technology to identify field topography and landform characteristics of rare earth mining parent rock, initially screens target areas, develops special geological investigation, constructs sparse Gannan drill on a mining beneficial part, collects weathered crust samples, and performs test analysis, so that ion type rare earth mineralization distribution range is divided, and the mining target area is defined. However, the deposited rare earth ore is taken as a brand new type of rare earth ore resource, is essentially different from ionic rare earth types, carbonate rare earth types, alkaline rock rare earth types and the like, and the method has certain reference value and still has the following technical defects: 1. the method is suitable for shallow coverage areas, the depth of the deposited rare earth is different from tens to hundreds of meters, and the investigation depth is insufficient; 2. the method is suitable for vegetation sparse and bedrock bare areas, the vegetation of the sedimentary rare earth mining areas is dense, the topography fluctuation is large, and the remote sensing technology is not suitable.
At present, conventional investigation methods such as geological mapping, large-scale section deposition microphase analysis, drilling construction, sampling analysis and other technical methods are mostly adopted for the deposited rare earth ore, and although good ore finding effect can be achieved, the method has some defects. Because of lack of understanding on vertical depth of mineral construction, in actual investigation work, holes are generally arranged at certain intervals according to exploration lines, the hole drilling depth always needs to be uncovered until the covered Emei mountain basalt is covered, certain blindness exists, scientific and reasonable planning is lacking in hole drilling density and tunneling depth, hole drilling workload is wasted, and accordingly the defects of large work investment and low efficiency are brought.
According to the research on the formation factor and the enrichment rule of the sedimentary rare earth mineral rock system by mineral comprehensive utilization institute of China academy of geology, the research is considered that: the rare earth mineral rock system of the Xuanwei group is exposed at the bottom of the two-fold system Xuanwei group, the layered production is good, the continuity is good, the rare earth mineral rock system is exposed at the upper part of the basalt of Emeishan in a vertical direction, the rare earth mineral rock system is in non-integrated contact with the basalt, a set of mauve iron clay rock is common near the contact boundary line, and the rare earth layer is mostly arranged at the upper part of the iron layer. Based on the knowledge of the ore forming mechanism, on the basis of the summary of multiple field tests, the invention adds a geophysical exploration method combination of an audio magnetotelluric method and a high-density electrical method on the basis of the traditional ore prospecting method, rapidly and accurately divides and delineates Xuanwei groups, emeishan basalt boundary lines and deep geological information, and verifies the arrangement and drilling holes with a certain vector, thereby achieving the purposes of reducing the work load of mountain land engineering such as drilling holes, exploratory grooves, earth stripping and the like, obtaining the best exploration result with the minimum environmental impact cost, and furthest reducing the disturbance to the ecological environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of engineering arrangement blindness of a conventional investigation method of a sedimentary rare earth deposit, and provides a sedimentary rare earth prospecting method based on geophysical data analysis.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a deposit type rare earth prospecting method based on geophysical data analysis comprises the following steps:
and combining basic geological data, adopting a geophysical exploration method (two geophysical methods) combination of an audio magnetotelluric method and a high-density electromagnetic method to acquire observation data and process the data, analyzing an interpretation result, and determining an ore-forming favorable section of the rare earth ore.
Further, the base geologic data includes: the existing working area has the ground structure position, regional structure background, regional stratum, rock, topography and landform, structure background, evolution characteristics and mineral distribution basic geological data, and regional ore formation geological conditions.
Further, the combined geophysical prospecting method of the audio magnetotelluric method and the high-density electrical method comprises the following steps: the high density electrical profile is superimposed over the audio magnetotelluric profile.
Further, the data processing includes: data conversion, dead point elimination, data smoothing, terrain correction and data inversion, drawing a section contour map by adopting surfer or similar software, and performing geological interpretation on an abnormal region by referring to physical characteristics of regional rock (ore).
Further, the data processing method of the audio magnetotelluric method comprises the following steps: and (3) selecting a time sequence by using GeodeEM, correcting measurement parameters, editing and deleting flying spots by using MTpro software after the measurement parameters are selected correctly, deleting useless and repeated measurement point data and editing frequency points, and exporting the data to be Export to Zonge after confirming that the data is correct, carrying out nonlinear conjugate gradient inversion by using MTsoft2D software, drawing a contour map by using surfer software after the data inversion is finished, wherein all the map pieces adopt the same color scale, and facilitating later data interpretation.
Further, the data processing method of the high-density electrical method comprises the following steps: and finally, obtaining a visual resistance result by utilizing software Res2Dinv through data format conversion, data preprocessing, terrain correction, forward modeling and inversion calculation, and drawing a contour map by utilizing surfer software after data inversion is finished, wherein all the map pieces adopt the same color scale, so that later data interpretation is facilitated.
Further, the method for collecting the observation data comprises the following steps: and comprehensively collecting rock ore samples exposed from a Xuanwei group, a two-fold Emei mountain basalt group, a rare earth ore-containing iron clay rock and a three-fold Dongchuan group of a working area, testing physical characteristics of the rock ore samples, and carrying out statistics on the maximum value, the minimum value, the arithmetic average value and the geometric average value of physical parameters, wherein the physical parameters are resistivity, establishing a surfer unified color code file according to physical parameter indexes of the rock ore samples, and drawing an inversion result section chromatogram by adopting surfer software.
Further, the method for analyzing the interpretation result comprises the following steps: combining basic geological data and physical characteristics of rock ore, dividing the two-fold Emei mountain basalt group, xuanwei group stratum boundary line and deep geological information on an inversion result section chromatogram, recovering the lithology ancient geographic pattern, and finding out the spatial spreading characteristics of mauve rare earth-containing iron clay rock.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: in the favorable section of rare earth ore formation, according to engineering spacing specified by the requirements of rare earth ore exploration specification, drilling verification is deployed, test samples are analyzed, ore bodies are defined, and the resource quantity is estimated.
Further, the drilling verification method comprises the following steps: and aiming at the geophysical interpretation result, carrying out drilling verification work in an abnormal area, and verifying the geophysical interpretation result according to a borehole logging histogram. The chemical analysis is carried out on rock (ore) samples obtained by geological drilling, and the rock (ore) samples mainly comprise rare earth elements, niobium, zirconium, gallium and the like.
Further, the method for estimating the resource amount comprises the following steps: and (3) according to the specification requirements of the rare earth mineral geological survey specification DZ/T0204-2002 and the like, a target area for prospecting is defined, and the rare earth resource quantity is estimated.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) Compared with the traditional investigation technology, the invention adopts the geophysical exploration method combination of an audio magnetotelluric method and a high-density electrical method, reduces shallow dead zones, improves transverse and longitudinal resolution, can quickly and accurately divide and delineate Xuanwei groups, emeishan basalt boundary lines and deep geological information, restores the lithology ancient geographic pattern, and verifies the arrangement and drilling holes with certain vectors, thereby having more pertinence and rationality and greatly reducing the investigation cost.
(2) The invention is combined with the patent 'a rare earth prospecting method based on large scale section deposition microphase analysis', and further finds out the vertical distribution characteristics of the earth mineral construction on the basis of reducing the plane distribution range of the rare earth mineral construction deposition microphase, thereby improving the prospecting efficiency.
(3) The invention reduces the work load of mountain engineering such as drilling, exploring grooves, soil stripping and the like, obtains the best exploration result with the minimum environmental impact cost, furthest reduces the disturbance to the ecological environment, accords with the green exploration concept and is an advanced exploration technical method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a geophysical profile layout according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of geophysical-geological interpretation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following description.
The embodiment provides a sedimentary rare earth mining method based on geophysical data analysis, which comprises geological data carding, geophysical investigation, drilling and the like, and the technical thinking of quickly and accurately dividing and delineating Xuanwei groups, emeishan basalt boundary lines and deep geological information is adopted through the geophysical method, so that the space information of rare earth mining construction is quickly obtained, and the purpose of reducing environmental disturbance, reducing investigation cost and improving mining efficiency is achieved through the arrangement and drilling verification of some vectors.
Examples
The first-class emergence layer of hemp in Weining county, guizhou has a set of basalt (P) 2-3 em), rare earth ore rock system (REE), xuanwei group (P) 3 x) and triad Dongchuan (T) 1-2 dc) the formation, the fourth system is sporadically distributed. The rare earth-rich claystone is built to be exposed at the bottom of the binary Xuanwei group, and the layered output and the continuity are good. In the vertical direction, rare earth mineral construction is exposed at the top of the basalt of the Emei mountain, the bottom of the Xuanwei group is in parallel and non-integrated contact with the basalt of the Emei mountain, a set of mauve iron clay rock is usually arranged near the contact limit, and a rare earth layer is usually arranged at the upper part of the iron layer and is irrelevant to the thickness and the iron grade of the iron layer. The rare earth ore in the zone is a typical glass dust setting structure and a sedimentary layered structure, and the ore mainly comprises the minerals of kaolinite, limonite, quartz, rutile and the like, wherein the content of the kaolinite is as high as more than 83%, and the kaolinite and the rare earth content are in positive correlation. Rare earth ore-containing construction (combination of rare earth ore layers and upper and lower rocks) generally develops on the basalt weathering crust of the basalt group of Emeishan, the ore-containing construction generally develops 2-4 rare earth ore layers with the thickness of 0.2-5m being different, and the lithofacies types mainly comprise gray clay rock, gray mudstone, carbonaceous mudstone, mauve, grayish sandstone, siltstone and conglomerate, and local coal lines.
The working area is located in the northern west construction deformation area of the Qian Zhongtailong six-disc water-break Jiuweining of the Shangzi standard platform, and the internal construction of the area is mostly represented by shallow layer secondary constructions, namely surface layer constructions, which are shaped in the mountain period of the seal Zhiyan and still have activities in the mountain period. The mining area has simple overall structure, accords with the characteristics of regional structure background, is distributed with two groups of small fault distribution in the northwest direction and the northwest direction only along the stratum trend, has no relation with the ore forming effect, and has a destructive effect on the ore body.
In this embodiment, according to the geological background information, the depth of the sedimentary rare earth burial varies from the earth surface to several hundred meters underground, and the Dan Dianzu rate difference of each rock (ore) in the exposed stratum is obvious, as shown in table 1, the basalt is reduced in steps of the order basalt, silty mud rock, conglomerate and iron clay rock, the basalt resistivity value is highest and can reach 7589.38 Ω·m, the iron clay rock resistivity value is lowest, and the range is about 40 Ω·m. The combination of the audio magnetotelluric method and the high-density electric method is adopted by combining the regional topography condition, the detection depth and the transverse and longitudinal resolutions, so that the method is an optimal geophysical method combination for acquiring the information of the mineral building space of the rare earth mine.
TABLE 1 deposition rare earth primary formation resistivity characterization statistics
According to regional geological conditions, 3 audio magnetotelluric methods and 2 high-density electrical method sections are arranged, and the high-density electrical method sections are overlapped on the audio magnetotelluric sections, so that the defect of the blind area of the audio magnetotelluric shallow part is overcome. The audio magnetotelluric method has a section point distance of 20 m, adopts a cross-shaped device method and tensor measurement mode, simultaneously measures Ex, ey, hx, hy four parameters, and measures the frequency of 2-20000 Hz, and 40 frequency points in total. The observation equipment is a Geode EM3D three-dimensional tensor electromagnetic exploration system (developed and manufactured by a geodes company), has the advantages of high precision, high efficiency, portability and the like, can observe electromagnetic signal forms in real time in a field acquisition process, can check apparent resistivity, impedance phase, bostink inversion results and other MT parameters, can correct data in time, and can acquire high-quality data. The high-density electrical section measuring points are 5m away, 156 channels are paved at one time, 24 channels are rolled for measurement, an EDGMD-2C cascading type high-density measuring system produced by Chongqing peak geological prospecting instrument Co is adopted for data acquisition, the power supply voltage is ensured to be more than 500V, each electrode is beaten in a small pit of about 10cm, and before measurement, the electrodes are watered in batches for several times to ensure good grounding, the maximum value of the preset voltage abnormality is 6000mV, the minimum value of the voltage abnormality is 10mV, the maximum value of the preset current abnormality is 1000mA, and the minimum current abnormality value is 10mA. And the data acquisition is displayed in real time, a apparent resistivity contour map is drawn on site, the data acquisition quality is monitored in time, and the reliability of the measured data is ensured.
The geodetic work uses an RTK differential measurement system and is calibrated with local coordinate parameters. All measuring points are precisely positioned and marked by adopting RTK, electrodes are laid according to marking positions, the instrument reaches measuring points, after the arrangement and connection work of the electrodes and the magnetic rods is ready, whether the instrument is connected with a transmission line correctly or firmly is checked in time before observation, whether the grounding of a receiving electrode is good or not, whether the power supply voltage and the instrument are normal or not, and whether the probe swinging direction is correct or not. After the instrument is started, various tests such as noise test, gain test, polarity comparison and the like are carried out according to the instrument operation instruction. Each frequency point has enough superposition times, especially the quality of low-frequency data, if the low-frequency data cannot meet the requirement, the observation time is prolonged, the superposition times are increased, and the like, so that the data quality is ensured. In the observation process, the data change is monitored in real time, and the parameters and the complement measurement are adjusted in time when the phenomena of trace saturation, serious interference and the like are met.
The data processing audio magnetotelluric method firstly adopts GeodeEM to select time sequence, corrects measurement parameters, edits and deletes flying spots by MTpro software after the selection is correct, deletes useless data and edits frequency spots, and derives the data as Export to Zonge after confirming that the data is correct. The high-density electrical method data processing utilizes software Res2Dinv to obtain a visual resistance result through data format conversion, data preprocessing, terrain correction, forward modeling and inversion calculation. And after the data inversion is finished, contour maps are drawn by using surfer software, and all the maps adopt the same color scale, so that later data interpretation is facilitated.
By utilizing the inversion section diagram and the comprehensive analysis of geological data, the section explanation refers to a rock (ore) Dan Wuxing table in table 1, and the information of stratum layering, rare earth ore iron clay rock and the like of each measuring line is respectively and specifically interpreted (fig. 2). According to the interpretation result, the borehole verification is laid, the geophysical prospecting inference interface is basically consistent with the borehole disclosure, the interface between the Xuanwei group stratum and the underlying Emeishan basalt is clear, and the spatial spreading characteristics of the rare earth ore iron clay rock can be accurately inferred. According to the specification requirements of the rare earth mineral geological exploration Specification DZ/T0204-2002 and the like, and by combining with the surface engineering, the rare earth resource amount TRE is estimated 2 O 3 67.21 ten thousand tons, up to an ultra-large scale. The invention provides geophysical data support for rapidly positioning the mineral bearing layer, can effectively reduce rough geological exploration modes such as traditional earth stripping, groove detection, shallow wells and the like, can reduce disturbance to the environment, can realize mineral exploration breakthrough efficiently and rapidly, and implements a green exploration concept.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments, but is capable of numerous other combinations, modifications and environments and is capable of modifications within the scope of the inventive concept, either as taught or as a matter of routine skill or knowledge in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The deposit type rare earth prospecting method based on geophysical data analysis is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
and combining basic geological data, adopting a geophysical exploration method combination of an audio magnetotelluric method and a high-density electrical method to acquire observation data and process the data, analyzing and interpreting results, and determining an ore-forming favorable section of the rare earth ore.
2. The method for depositional rare earth prospecting based on geophysical data analysis according to claim 1, wherein the basic geological data comprises: the existing working area has the ground structure position, regional structure background, regional stratum, rock, topography and landform, structure background, evolution characteristics and mineral distribution basic geological data, and regional ore formation geological conditions.
3. The sedimentary rare earth prospecting method based on geophysical data analysis according to claim 1, wherein the combined geophysical prospecting method of the audio magnetotelluric method and the high density electrical method comprises the following steps: the high density electrical profile is superimposed over the audio magnetotelluric profile.
4. A method of sedimentary rare earth mining based on geophysical data analysis according to claim 1, wherein the data processing includes: data conversion, dead point elimination, data smoothing, terrain correction and data inversion, drawing a section contour map, and performing geological interpretation on an abnormal region by referring to the petrophysical characteristics of the region.
5. The method for locating ores by using sedimentary rare earth based on geophysical data analysis as claimed in claim 4, wherein the data processing method by using an audio magnetotelluric method is as follows: selecting a time sequence by using GeodeEM, correcting measurement parameters, editing and deleting flying spots by using MTpro software after the measurement parameters are selected correctly, deleting useless data and editing frequency points, and exporting the data to be exporttoZonge after confirming that the data is correct, carrying out nonlinear conjugate gradient inversion by using MTsoft2D software, and drawing a contour map by using surfer software after the data inversion is finished.
6. The method for locating ores based on the sedimentary rare earth analysis of geophysical data according to claim 4, wherein the data processing method of the high-density electrical method is as follows: and (3) carrying out data format conversion, data preprocessing, terrain correction, forward modeling and inversion calculation by using software Res2Dinv to finally obtain a visual resistance result, and drawing a contour map by using surfer software after the data inversion is finished.
7. The method for finding ores by sedimentary rare earth based on geophysical data analysis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for acquiring observation data is as follows: and comprehensively collecting rock ore samples exposed from a Xuanwei group, a two-fold Emei mountain basalt group, a rare earth ore-containing iron clay rock and a three-fold Dongchuan group of a working area, testing physical characteristics of the rock ore samples, and carrying out statistics on the maximum value, the minimum value, the arithmetic average value and the geometric average value of physical parameters, wherein the physical parameters are resistivity, establishing a surfer unified color code file according to physical parameter indexes of the rock ore samples, and drawing an inversion result section chromatogram by adopting surfer software.
8. The method for locating ores based on geophysical data analysis according to claim 7, wherein the method for analyzing the interpretation results is as follows: combining basic geological data and physical characteristics of rock ore, dividing the two-fold Emei mountain basalt group, xuanwei group stratum boundary line and deep geological information on an inversion result section chromatogram, recovering the lithology ancient geographic pattern, and finding out the spatial spreading characteristics of mauve rare earth-containing iron clay rock.
9. The method for deposit-type rare earth prospecting according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising the steps of: in the favorable section of rare earth ore formation, according to engineering spacing specified by the requirements of rare earth ore exploration specifications, drilling verification is deployed, test samples are analyzed, and ore bodies are defined.
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