CN115220110A - Ion adsorption type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining nondestructive monitoring method - Google Patents

Ion adsorption type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining nondestructive monitoring method Download PDF

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CN115220110A
CN115220110A CN202210831226.0A CN202210831226A CN115220110A CN 115220110 A CN115220110 A CN 115220110A CN 202210831226 A CN202210831226 A CN 202210831226A CN 115220110 A CN115220110 A CN 115220110A
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rare earth
resistivity
leaching
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刘应冬
龚大兴
朱志敏
周家云
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Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
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Abstract

The invention discloses a nondestructive monitoring method for in-situ leaching exploitation of ion-adsorption rare earth ore, which aims at the problem of environmental pollution widely existing in the in-situ leaching exploitation of ion-type rare earth ore and sequentially comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of geophysical resistivity method data acquisition, inversion constraint, resistivity method data interpretation, drilling verification, rock-soil coring and physical property testing, and finally can accurately define the migration range of mineral leaching liquid in the mining range of a mining area and can perform irregular environmental monitoring. The method effectively and quickly monitors the migration of the leaching liquid, only needs a small amount of drilling verification, has little damage to the geological environment of the mining area, provides basic data support for dynamic monitoring of liquid injection, pollution prevention and control and environmental problem monitoring in the in-situ leaching mining process of the ionic rare earth ore, and is beneficial to the construction of ecological green and sustainable mines.

Description

Ion adsorption type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining nondestructive monitoring method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of monitoring of ion adsorption type rare earth ores, and particularly relates to a nondestructive monitoring method for in-situ leaching exploitation of ion adsorption type rare earth ores.
Background
The ion adsorption type rare earth ore is a novel exogenous rare earth mineral which is discovered in the Jiangxi of China in 1969, and the mineral is widely distributed in the Jiangxi, guangdong, guangxi, hunan, fujian, yunnan, zhejiang and other south provinces of China. The ionic rare earth is adsorbed on minerals in an ionic form, such as kaolin, montmorillonite, most of which is like soil, and the content of the ionic rare earth is about 0.3 to 0.05 percent, and the ionic rare earth can be leached out by electrolyte. The ion-adsorption rare earth ore has complete rare earth distribution and is rich in medium and heavy rare earth elements, thereby being a valuable strategic mineral resource in China.
The ion type rare earth is subjected to pond leaching, heap leaching and in-situ leaching in sequence, the in-situ leaching process is vigorously carried out at present, the ion type rare earth is considered to be the most environment-friendly mining mode at present, surface soil stripping and ore body excavation are not needed, liquid injection wells are distributed in an ore area according to certain well pattern parameters, leaching solution is injected into the ore body through wells (holes), ammonium ions in the leaching solution desorb the rare earth ions on the surface of clay through chemical replacement reaction, formed rare earth leaching solution permeates and flows in the ore body, liquid accumulation ditches or liquid collection roadways at the positions of mountain feet are converged, impurities are removed through a hydrometallurgy workshop, and finally ammonium bicarbonate is used for precipitation, so that the purpose of recovering the rare earth resources is achieved.
Through efforts of about 50 years, although the ionic rare earth extraction process represented by in-situ ore leaching is established, in the ionic rare earth development process, the randomness of resource leaching rate is high due to the fact that the distance of a liquid injection well pattern and the liquid injection speed are determined by experience, and the problems of rare earth leaching position, leaching liquid flowing position and the like are not well solved. An effective leaching liquid permeation theory and a migration monitoring mechanism are not established, and double losses of leaching solution and rare earth resources are easily caused.
The in-situ leaching process has the advantages that the tank leaching process and the heap leaching process are not comparable, but has more serious environmental risks. In-situ leaching requires injection of a large quantity of leaching solution (larger than the amount used in tank leaching and heap leaching, and raw oreAdding about 5 tons of ammonium sulfate into 1 ton of rare earth, injecting a large amount of mineral leaching solution into an ore body,
Figure BDA0003748463190000011
the ammonia nitrogen is adsorbed and stayed in the upper body, continuously migrates and transforms in soil body along with the leaching and infiltration action of rainfall and continuously migrates to surrounding soil and water body, and excessive ammonia nitrogen can cause a series of serious ecological environment problems such as soil pollution, withered surface vegetation, salinization of soil, eutrophication of water body and the like, and even threaten the health of human body. Research shows that after the mine is abandoned for many years, high-content ammonium nitrogen can still be detected in surrounding soil and water, and the rare earth ore residue is closed for 5 years
Figure BDA0003748463190000012
The highest content still can reach 119.2mg.kg -1 The ecological environment of the rare earth closed mining area is harmed for a long time by ammonia nitrogen pollution, and practical ammonia nitrogen compound migration distribution rule research and related treatment measures are urgently needed to be provided, and the migration change rule is waiting for long-time dynamic monitoring.
The patent CN113933354A discloses a liquid injection seepage monitoring method for in-situ leaching of ionic rare earth ore, which combines a high-density resistivity method with underground water drilling observation to realize detection of an underground seepage migration direction, a confluence area and an influence range of a liquid injection area. However, the patent limits the use of the high-density resistivity method, and because the deep detection part of the method is limited, the method has no construction possibility for mines with large topographic relief or large weathered layer thickness, is only suitable for monitoring the seepage of the leaching solution in the mining process, and cannot be used for monitoring the migration of pollutants after mine closure. And the patent is actually a description of an application example, and the corresponding theoretical basis is lacked, particularly the reason why the mineral leaching solution has no basis for the change of the resistivity of the rock soil.
Based on the ammonia nitrogen migration problem existing in the rare earth in-situ leaching, the method is based on a plurality of field test summaries. The invention provides an ion-adsorption-type nondestructive monitoring method for in-situ leaching exploitation of rare earth ores by combining technical means such as a geophysical resistivity method, geological drilling sampling, hydrogeological test and the like. The invention can effectively solve the problems of difficulty in tracking the leaching solution, delineating the leaching boundary and monitoring the pollutant environment after ore closing in the leaching process, provides basic data support for the in-situ leaching mining and liquid injection construction of the ionic rare earth, and has important significance for perfecting the migration process of the soil nitride in the ionic rare earth mining area and guiding the treatment of ammonia nitrogen pollution. Is beneficial to the construction of ecological green and sustainable mine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention is based on that the mineral leaching solution carries a large amount of high conductivity electrolyte, and the resistivity formula of Archie saturated sandy soil is referred, wherein rho = alpha rho w n -m Where ρ is the resistivity of the rock and soil after leaching, ρ w Is the electrical resistivity of the leaching solution, alpha is the soil property parameter, m is the cementation coefficient, and n is the porosity leaching. Under the condition that rock-soil body parameters are fixed, rock-soil resistivity of an infiltration area is directly and positively correlated with resistivity of an ore leaching solution, the resistivity of the rock-soil body is greatly changed under the influence of infiltration of the ore leaching solution, the rock-soil body is characterized by extremely low resistance, the resistivity is lower than that of low-resistance bodies such as a broken zone, a groundwater aquifer and surface water, an obvious resistivity difference is formed with an uninjected area, and a physical property premise is provided for the ion adsorption type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining nondestructive monitoring method based on the resistivity difference. The ion adsorption type rare earth in-situ leaching mining nondestructive monitoring method is provided by combining the migration characteristics of the leaching solution of in-situ leaching mining and reasonably utilizing the advantages and characteristics of the technical means of a geophysical resistivity method, geological drilling sampling and hydrogeological test.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an ion adsorption type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining nondestructive monitoring method comprises the following steps:
s1, according to basic geological data of an ionic rare earth mine area, designing a data acquisition observation system measured by a geophysical resistivity method; the geophysical resistivity method is used for detecting the resistivity difference of rock and soil masses in a liquid injection area and a non-liquid injection area of a mining area;
s2, collecting and processing observation data of the geophysical resistivity method, and performing inversion to draw a resistivity section contour map;
s3, carrying out geological drilling sampling and rock-soil testing, determining the lithology, the geological structure and the thickness of the stratum, and measuring the porosity, the water content, the total phosphorus concentration, the pH value, the resistivity and the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the rock-soil; the geological drilling sampling is developed in a geophysical resistivity method measuring area, and a rock and soil sample obtained by geological drilling sampling is used for carrying out rock and soil testing;
s4, verifying the geophysical resistivity method inversion interpretation result in the step S2 by using the drill hole physical property parameters obtained in the step S3;
s5, integrating geological condition parameters obtained in the steps S1 to S4, and constructing a rare earth mining area mineral leaching solution infiltration migration diffusion three-dimensional geological model;
and S6, infiltrating, migrating and diffusing the three-dimensional geological model by using the mineral leaching solution, delineating the infiltration range and migration depth of the mineral leaching solution in the rare earth mining area, and providing dynamic monitoring for liquid injection construction of in-situ mineral leaching mining and/or pollutant migration after closing the mine.
Further, in step S1, the basic geological data includes one or more of a mining area range, a mineral geology, a hydrogeology, a rock-soil body property, a geological map and a topographic map.
Further, in step S1, the geophysical resistivity method includes one or more of a high density resistance method, an induced polarization method, a ground penetrating radar method, a transient electromagnetic method, and an audio magnetotelluric method.
Further, in step S1, the design of the collecting and observing system includes one or more of a measuring method, a measuring device, a resolution, a measuring line direction, a measuring line length, an electrode distance, and a workload.
Further, in step S2, processing the content of the observation data of the geophysical resistivity method includes data conversion, dead pixel elimination, terrain correction, and data inversion.
Further, in step S4, the verification of the interpretation result of the resistivity method data in step S2 by the borehole geological parameters mainly includes: and accurately describing the stratum interface, the rock-soil body interface, the broken zone, the infiltration boundary of the mineral leaching solution and the infiltration depth by using the known information.
Further, in step S5, the geological condition parameters of the rare earth mining area mineral leaching solution infiltration migration diffusion three-dimensional geological model include: landform, stratum structure, rock-soil physical property and inversion resistivity.
Further, in step S6, the infiltration range and the migration depth are low-resistance regions in the geophysical resistivity method inversion resistivity profile.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can effectively solve the difficulty problems of ore leaching solution tracking, infiltration boundary delineation and pollutant environment monitoring after ore closing in the ore leaching process, can obviously improve the mining technical level of mine enterprises, supports the construction of liquid injection and liquid collection engineering in the ore leaching mining process in time, and is beneficial to improving the resource recovery efficiency. Meanwhile, long-term dynamic monitoring is provided for the migration of pollutants after ore closure, support is provided for enterprise pollution prevention and control and government management, and ecological harmonious mining area environment is created beneficially.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the steps of a workflow according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a high density resistivity profile monitoring interpretation of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 illustrates the delineation of the infiltration boundary of an ore leaching solution in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
The embodiment provides an ion adsorption type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining nondestructive monitoring method, which comprises geological data arrangement, geophysical exploration, drilling and the like, and the technical idea of tracking extremely low resistivity abnormity through a geophysical resistivity method so as to achieve final leaching solution migration is achieved, and the difficulty problems of leaching solution tracking, wetting boundary delineation and pollutant environment monitoring after ore closing in the leaching process are effectively solved.
As shown in fig. 1, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
(1) Geological data arrangement
Before monitoring of the in-situ leaching mining leaching solution of the ionic rare earth ore, geological data related to an open mining area are collected as much as possible, and condition parameters such as regional landform, mineral geology, geological structure, hydrogeology and the like are obtained through sorting and analysis. And finishing the design of an observation system of the geophysical resistivity method according to the geological data of the mining area, and determining an observation device, an observation method, workload, point-line distance, resolution, line measurement length, line measurement direction and other contents.
(2) Geophysical resistivity method
And compiling a detailed construction scheme and working progress according to the requirements of a construction period and the related geophysical prospecting industry standards, organizing manual field construction according to the scheme design, comparing the conditions such as transverse and longitudinal resolution, detection depth and the like, preferably selecting the most effective working method and measuring device, determining the working method and measuring parameters of the working method and the measuring device, and then carrying out data quality inspection and data acquisition so as to ensure that the obtained information is real and reliable.
And (3) performing data conversion, dead pixel elimination, terrain correction and inversion calculation on the original data, and drawing a resistivity section contour map by using surfer or similar software for the obtained resistivity result. The abnormal regions were preliminarily explained geophysical with reference to a geotechnical property table (see table 1). The mineral leaching solution carries a large amount of high-conductivity electrolyte, the resistivity of rock and soil in a wetting area is greatly changed and is expressed as extremely low resistance, and the resistivity is often lower than 100 ohm meters. The fracture zone, the water-containing weathered layer, the farmland, the riverbed and the like are influenced by water and are low in resistance, and the resistivity of the fracture zone is between 100 and 800 ohm meters. The ionic rare earth weathering crust is medium-resistance, and the resistivity is between 500 and 2000 ohm meters. The intact, dense underlying bedrock exhibits high resistivity, often greater than 2000 ohm-meters.
Figure BDA0003748463190000041
(3) Sampling for drilling in abnormal area
Aiming at the geophysical interpretation result, drilling verification work is carried out in an abnormal area, and physical property tests are carried out on rock and soil samples obtained by geological drilling, wherein the physical property tests mainly comprise physical property parameters such as resistivity, ammonia nitrogen concentration, water content, porosity and the like.
(4) Geophysical inversion result verification and constraint
And correcting the geophysical interpretation result according to the logging results and the rock-soil test results of different drill holes, and accurately describing the contents of a stratum interface, a rock-soil body interface, a broken zone, an ore leaching solution infiltration boundary, an infiltration depth and the like. And establishing a data fitting curve according to the ammonia nitrogen concentration tested by the borehole rock-soil and the inversion resistivity of the corresponding position, and predicting the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the non-constructed drilling area.
(5) Three-dimensional geological model for migration and diffusion of mineral leaching solution
Data such as topographic mapping, rock-soil testing, resistivity inversion and the like are arranged, a rare earth mining area mineral leaching solution migration and diffusion three-dimensional geological model is constructed through software such as SKUA-GOCAD, voxler and the like, and spatial migration characteristics of the mineral leaching solution are displayed more clearly and visually
(6) Boundary delineation of mineral leaching solution infiltration
According to the ionic type three-dimensional geological model for migration and diffusion of the leaching solution in the rare earth mining area, the migration characteristics of the leaching solution can be clearly and visually displayed by means of horizontal/vertical slicing, three-dimensional rotation and the like in software, so that the problems of ' where the rare earth is leached and ' where the leaching solution flows ' are clear, and the infiltration boundary of the leaching solution is accurately defined. The construction of liquid injection and liquid collection projects in the in-situ leaching mining process is guided, and the resource recovery rate is improved. And long-term dynamic monitoring is provided for the migration of pollutants after ore closing, guidance is provided for later environmental pollution control and prevention and control in a more targeted manner, the environmental control cost is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.
Examples
The south ionic rare earth ore is mainly present in late Jurassic crushed lava, and the lava runs through the whole rare earth ore area. The rock is grayish brown, grayish yellow and flesh red, is grayish, offwhite and the like after weathering, consists of a matrix and a porphyry, and has a broken porphyry structure and a blocky structure. According to the overall arrangement of the mine, the in-situ leaching mining monitoring is developed in three stages to avoid the problems of repeated liquid injection, environmental pollution, landslide and the like.
In the embodiment, according to geological survey data, the thickness of the rare earth ore weathering crust is different from several meters to 50 meters, the most suitable geophysical resistivity method, namely a high-density resistivity method, is selected according to regional topographic conditions and detection precision, according to the exploration principle of the method, the length of a measuring line is determined to be 600 meters, and the detection depth is about 2 times of the target depth. And arranging the measuring point distances according to 5 meters, and encrypting the area point distances close to the mountain edges to 2.5 meters. Measuring sections are arranged at intervals of 30 meters in total, the trend of the measuring sections is perpendicular to the trend of the ridge, and 7 measuring sections are arranged in total.
And calibrating RTK and mine coordinate parameters before construction, and ensuring that the measuring point is consistent with the mine area coordinate. All measuring points are accurately positioned and marked by RTK (real-time kinematic), electrodes are laid according to marked positions, an EDGMD-2C cascade high-density measuring system is produced by Chongqing crest geological exploration instrument limited for data acquisition, the power supply voltage is stabilized above 500V, each electrode is arranged in a small pit of about 10cm, and before measurement, watering is carried out in batches for several times to ensure good grounding, the maximum value of the preset voltage anomaly is 6000mV, the minimum value of the voltage anomaly is 10mV, the maximum value of the preset current anomaly is 1000mA, and the minimum current anomaly is 10mA. Data acquisition and real-time display are carried out, a visual resistivity contour map is drawn on site, data acquisition quality is monitored in time, and reliability of measured data is guaranteed.
And data processing utilizes inversion software to obtain a resistance imaging chromatogram map through data format conversion, data preprocessing, terrain correction, forward modeling and inversion calculation. Namely: and eliminating bad points by data preprocessing the apparent resistivity with the well-converted format, and reserving data points with more consistent data. And an initial earth electrical section is given by adopting an optimal fitting method, a theoretical curve of apparent resistivity is calculated on the initial section, the theoretical curve is compared (fitted) with an actually measured curve, and the optimal fitting effect, namely the high-density electrical inversion imaging chromatogram map, is obtained by modifying parameters. During data inversion processing, each measuring line adopts the same inversion parameters including damping coefficient, vertical/horizontal plane filtering ratio, grid type, node number and the like, so that the consistency of data processing is ensured. And finally, drawing a contour map of the resistivity section by using surfer software according to the obtained resistivity result.
By utilizing the inversion section diagram and geological data comprehensive analysis and the profile interpretation, the rock-soil physical property table in the table 1 is referred to, and the information of the mineral leaching solution infiltration line, the rock-soil layering, the fracture and fracture zone and the like of each measuring line are respectively interpreted in detail (figure 2).
On the basis of the detailed analysis of each measuring line, the inversion results of all the measuring lines are integrated together for through-plate analysis, the interpretation information is projected to a plan (figure 3), the infiltration boundary line and the infiltration depth of the mineral leaching solution can be clearly reflected, wherein the north is the mined liquid injection area, the south is not used for liquid injection construction, the seepage migration trend can be predicted according to the plan at the later stage of the mine, the liquid injection amount is adjusted, and the whole liquid injection construction scheme is optimized.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and is not to be construed as limited to the exclusion of other embodiments, and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be used and modifications may be made within the scope of the concepts described herein, either by the above teachings or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. The ion adsorption type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining nondestructive monitoring method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, according to basic geological data of an ionic rare earth mine area, designing a data acquisition observation system measured by a geophysical resistivity method; the geophysical resistivity method is used for detecting the resistivity difference of rock and soil bodies in a liquid injection area and a non-liquid injection area of a mining area;
s2, collecting and processing observation data of the geophysical resistivity method, and performing inversion to draw a resistivity section contour map;
s3, carrying out geological drilling sampling and rock-soil physical property testing, determining the lithology, the geological structure and the thickness of the stratum, and determining the porosity, the water content, the total phosphorus concentration, the pH value, the resistivity and the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the rock-soil; the geological drilling sampling is developed in a geophysical resistivity method measuring area, and a rock and soil sample obtained by the geological drilling sampling is used for carrying out rock and soil physical property testing;
s4, verifying the geophysical resistivity method inversion interpretation result in the step S2 by using the drill hole physical property parameters obtained in the step S3;
s5, integrating geological condition parameters obtained in the steps S1 to S4, and constructing a rare earth mining area mineral leaching solution infiltration migration diffusion three-dimensional geological model;
and S6, infiltrating, migrating and diffusing the three-dimensional geological model by using the mineral leaching solution, delineating the infiltration range and migration depth of the mineral leaching solution in the rare earth mining area, and providing dynamic monitoring for liquid injection construction of in-situ mineral leaching mining and/or pollutant migration after closing the mine.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the basic geological data includes one or more of mining area range, mineral geology, hydrogeology, rock-soil body properties, geological map and topographic map.
3. The nondestructive monitoring method for in-situ leaching exploitation of ion-adsorbing type rare earth ore according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the geophysical resistivity method includes one or more of a high-density resistance method, an induced polarization method, a ground penetrating radar method, a transient electromagnetic method and an audio frequency geoelectromagnetic method.
4. The nondestructive monitoring method for in-situ leaching exploitation of an ion-adsorbing type rare earth ore according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the design of the collecting and observing system includes one or more of measuring method, measuring device, resolution, line direction, line length, electrode distance and workload.
5. The ion adsorption type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining nondestructive monitoring method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the processing of the observation data content of the geophysical resistivity method comprises data conversion, dead pixel elimination, terrain correction and data inversion.
6. The nondestructive monitoring method for in-situ leaching exploitation of an ion-adsorption type rare earth ore according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the verification of the resistivity method data interpretation result in step S2 by the borehole geological parameters mainly comprises: and accurately describing the stratum interface, the rock-soil body interface, the broken zone, the infiltration boundary of the mineral leaching solution and the infiltration depth by using the known information.
7. The nondestructive monitoring method for in-situ leaching exploitation of an ion-adsorption type rare earth ore according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, geological condition parameters of the three-dimensional geological model of infiltration, migration and diffusion of the leaching solution of the rare earth ore area comprise: landform, stratum structure, rock-soil physical property and inversion resistivity.
8. The nondestructive monitoring method for in-situ leaching exploitation of an ion-adsorption type rare earth ore according to claim 1, wherein in the step S6, the infiltration range and the migration depth are low-resistance areas in a resistivity section diagram inverted by a geophysical resistivity method.
CN202210831226.0A 2022-07-15 2022-07-15 Ion adsorption type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining nondestructive monitoring method Pending CN115220110A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116611622A (en) * 2023-07-19 2023-08-18 北京建工环境修复股份有限公司 Phytoremediation technical effect evaluation method and system based on well site induced polarization method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116611622A (en) * 2023-07-19 2023-08-18 北京建工环境修复股份有限公司 Phytoremediation technical effect evaluation method and system based on well site induced polarization method
CN116611622B (en) * 2023-07-19 2023-09-19 北京建工环境修复股份有限公司 Phytoremediation technical effect evaluation method and system based on well site induced polarization method

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