CN117232172A - Energy storage system based on carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation - Google Patents
Energy storage system based on carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN117232172A CN117232172A CN202311511352.9A CN202311511352A CN117232172A CN 117232172 A CN117232172 A CN 117232172A CN 202311511352 A CN202311511352 A CN 202311511352A CN 117232172 A CN117232172 A CN 117232172A
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 232
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000819 phase cycle Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to an energy storage system based on carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation, which comprises a closed-loop connected gas storage, a compressor, an energy storage heat exchange assembly, a liquid storage tank, an energy release heat exchange assembly and a turbine, and also comprises a waste heat exchange assembly, wherein: the waste heat exchange assembly comprises an absorption heat pump, a cold storage tank and a heat storage tank, wherein the absorption heat pump is used for absorbing waste heat to generate and provide a cold source and a first heat source, and is provided with a first outlet for outputting the cold source and a second outlet for outputting the first heat source; the waste heat exchange component is started, the absorption heat pump absorbs waste heat to generate and provide a cold source and a first heat source for carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation heat exchange, and the operation efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to an energy storage system based on carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation.
Background
With the adoption of carbon peak and carbon neutralization becoming global consensus, the utilization of clean energy sources such as solar energy and wind energy to slow down the consumption of non-renewable traditional energy sources such as coal and petroleum becomes a necessary choice, and the energy storage technology becomes one of key technologies for the development of clean energy sources due to the characteristics of intermittence, volatility, peak staggering power generation and the like of the clean energy sources.
At present, the energy storage technology based on carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation compresses and condenses gaseous carbon dioxide at normal temperature and normal pressure in a gas storage bin into liquid carbon dioxide to be stored in a storage tank in a low electricity consumption valley period, the liquid carbon dioxide is heated to a gaseous state by utilizing heat energy in an electricity consumption peak period, a turbine is driven by the gaseous carbon dioxide to drive a generator to generate electricity, and the gaseous carbon dioxide after acting returns to the gas storage bin for recycling, so that the energy storage technology has the advantages of simple structure, flexible arrangement, higher energy storage efficiency and the like and gradually draws wide attention.
The energy storage system based on the carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation by utilizing the energy storage technology comprises an energy storage process and an energy release process, wherein in the whole set of energy storage system based on the carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation, equipment requiring cold energy comprises a condenser and part of auxiliary equipment, and equipment requiring heat energy comprises an evaporator and a preheater, but in the existing energy storage system based on the carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation, the required cold energy is provided by a refrigerating unit, and the required heat is provided by a heat pump, so that the energy consumption of the energy storage system based on the carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation is larger, and the circulation efficiency is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, it is necessary to provide an energy storage system based on carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation, which uses waste heat to generate and provide cold and heat by an absorption heat pump, thereby saving energy, improving operation efficiency and expanding application scenes and range.
The invention provides an energy storage system based on carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation, which comprises a closed-loop connected gas storage, a compressor, an energy storage heat exchange assembly, a liquid storage tank, an energy release heat exchange assembly and a turbine, wherein the energy storage system based on carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation further comprises a waste heat exchange assembly, and the energy storage system comprises the following components:
the waste heat exchange assembly comprises an absorption heat pump, a cold storage tank and a heat storage tank, wherein the absorption heat pump is used for absorbing waste heat to generate and providing a cold source and a first heat source, the absorption heat pump is provided with a first outlet for outputting the cold source and a second outlet for outputting the first heat source, the input end of the cold storage tank is connected with the first outlet, the output end of the cold storage tank is connected with the energy storage heat exchange assembly, the input end of the heat storage tank is connected with the second outlet, and the output end of the heat storage tank is connected with the energy release heat exchange assembly and/or the energy storage heat exchange assembly.
When the energy storage system based on carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation works, the waste heat exchange assembly is started, the absorption heat pump absorbs waste heat to generate and provide a cold source and a first heat source, the cold source is input into the cold storage tank through the first outlet, and the first heat source is input into the heat storage tank through the second outlet. In the energy storage stage, the carbon dioxide stored in the gas storage warehouse at normal temperature and normal pressure enters the compressor and the energy storage heat exchange assembly, exchanges heat with a cold source from the cold storage tank in the energy storage heat exchange assembly, and is converted into high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide which is stored in the liquid storage tank; in the energy release stage, high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide stored in the liquid storage tank enters an energy release heat exchange assembly, and is subjected to heat exchange in the energy release heat exchange assembly to be converted into high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide, and the high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide is converted into normal-temperature normal-pressure carbon dioxide after expansion work of a turbine and flows back into a gas storage; in the energy storage system based on the carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation, the heat required in the heat exchange of the carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation is provided by the first heat source, the first heat source from the heat storage tank exchanges heat with the carbon dioxide in the energy release heat exchange component and/or the energy storage heat exchange component, the cold source and the first heat source are generated and provided by the absorption heat pump by utilizing the waste heat, the heat of the existing factory is effectively utilized, the operation efficiency of the energy storage system based on the carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation is improved, and the application scene and the application range of the energy storage system based on the carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation are expanded.
In one embodiment, the waste heat comprises external waste heat.
In one embodiment, the waste heat includes at least one of heat generated by the energy storage heat exchange assembly and heat generated by the energy release heat exchange assembly.
In one embodiment, the waste heat further comprises an outlet heat of the turbine and/or an outlet heat of the compressor.
In one embodiment, the waste heat exchange assembly comprises at least one heat exchanger, one end of which is connected to the absorption heat pump and the other end is connected to the outlet of the turbine and/or the outlet of the compressor.
In one embodiment, the energy storage heat exchange assembly comprises a first condenser connected to the cold storage tank via a first conduit having a first valve and configured to exchange heat between the cold source and gaseous carbon dioxide when the first valve is opened.
In one embodiment, the energy-releasing heat exchange assembly comprises a first evaporator connected to the heat storage tank by a second conduit having a second valve and configured to exchange heat between the first heat source and liquid carbon dioxide when the second valve is open.
In one embodiment, the energy storage heat exchange assembly further comprises a preheater disposed between the compressor and the gas storage reservoir, the preheater being connected to the heat storage tank by a third conduit having a third valve and configured to exchange heat between the first heat source and the gaseous carbon dioxide when the third valve is opened.
In one embodiment, the waste heat exchange assembly further comprises a heat collector connected to the energy release heat exchange assembly and configured to absorb waste heat to form a second heat source.
In one embodiment, the energy-releasing heat exchange assembly includes a heater coupled to the heat collector and configured to exchange heat between the second heat source and gaseous carbon dioxide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an energy storage system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an energy storage system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an energy storage system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an energy storage system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an energy storage system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an energy storage system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an absorption heat pump in an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals:
10. an energy storage system;
100. a gas storage;
200. a compressor;
300. an energy storage heat exchange assembly; 310. a first condenser; 320. a first pipe; 330. a first valve; 340. a preheater; 350. a third conduit; 360. a third valve; 370. a fourth valve; 380. a cooler;
400. a liquid storage tank;
500. an energy release heat exchange assembly; 510. a first evaporator; 520. a second pipe; 530. a second valve; 540. a fifth valve; 550. a heater;
600. a turbine;
700. a waste heat exchange assembly; 710. an absorption heat pump; 711. a first outlet; 712. a second outlet; 713. a generator; 714. an absorber; 715. a second evaporator; 716. a second condenser; 720. a cold storage tank; 730. a heat storage tank; 740. a first heat exchanger; 750. a second heat exchanger; 760. a heat collector;
800. a generator;
900. a preheater.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, whereby the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiment.
The following describes the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The energy storage system based on carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation in the prior art comprises a gas storage, a compressor, an energy storage heat exchange assembly, a liquid storage tank, an energy release heat exchange assembly and a turbine, wherein the gas storage, the compressor, the energy storage heat exchange assembly, the liquid storage tank, the energy release heat exchange assembly and the turbine are connected through a pipeline in a closed loop, the liquid storage tank is used for storing high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide, the gas storage is used for storing normal-temperature and normal-pressure carbon dioxide, the compressor is used for compressing the carbon dioxide, the energy storage heat exchange assembly is used for cooling the carbon dioxide, the energy release heat exchange assembly is used for heating the carbon dioxide, and the turbine is used for performing expansion work by utilizing the high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide. The energy storage system based on carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation in the prior art further comprises an electric compression type refrigerating unit, wherein the electric compression type refrigerating unit is used for providing cold energy required by cooling of the energy storage heat exchange component, but the electric compression type refrigerating unit has the problems of high electricity consumption and high energy consumption.
As shown in fig. 1, the energy storage system based on carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation in the prior art is improved, the improved energy storage system 10 based on carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation replaces an electric compression refrigerating unit in the prior art by using a waste heat exchange assembly 700, waste heat such as factory flue gas waste heat, factory equipment waste heat, external waste heat, geothermal heat and the like is absorbed and utilized by an absorption heat pump 710 in the waste heat exchange assembly 700, so that a cold source and a first heat source are provided, the electricity consumption and the energy consumption are low, and the operation efficiency is improved. However, since the specific structures of the gas storage 100, the compressor 200, the energy storage heat exchange assembly 300, the liquid storage tank 400, the energy release heat exchange assembly 500, and the turbine 600 are not improved, the existing structures, such as the gas storage (the gas storage 100 of the present invention), the compressor (the compressor 200 of the present invention), the condenser (the energy storage heat exchange assembly 300 of the present invention), the liquid storage tank (the liquid storage tank 400 of the present invention), the evaporator (the energy release heat exchange assembly 500 of the present invention), and the expander (the turbine 600 of the present invention) in the prior patent CN112985145a may be adopted.
As shown in fig. 1, in the energy storage system 10 based on carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase cycle provided by the present invention, the waste heat exchange assembly 700 includes an absorption heat pump 710, a cold storage tank 720 and a heat storage tank 730, the absorption heat pump 710 is used for absorbing waste heat to generate and provide a cold source and a first heat source, the absorption heat pump 710 has a first outlet 711, the first outlet 711 is used for outputting the cold source, the absorption heat pump 710 has a second outlet 712, and the second outlet 712 is used for outputting the first heat source.
The heat storage tank 720 and the heat storage tank 730 are containers for storing heat exchange media, the forms of which include but are not limited to tanks, grooves, boxes and other containers with different shapes, the heat exchange media include but are not limited to water, oil, ammonia and other heat exchange media, the embodiment is not limited in this regard, and both the cold of the cold source and the heat of the first heat source can be stored by the heat storage tank 720 and the heat storage tank 730.
The input end of the cold storage tank 720 is connected with the first outlet 711, the output end of the cold storage tank 720 is connected with the energy storage heat exchange assembly 300, the cold source generated and provided by the absorption heat pump 710 enters the cold storage tank 720 through the first outlet 711, and the cold source provides cold for the carbon dioxide flowing through the energy storage heat exchange assembly 300 so as to cool the carbon dioxide. An input end of the heat storage tank 730 is connected to the second outlet 712, an output end of the heat storage tank 730 is connected to the energy storage heat exchange assembly 300 and/or the energy release heat exchange assembly 500, a first heat source generated and provided by the absorption heat pump 710 enters the heat storage tank 730 through the second outlet 712, and the heat source provides heat for carbon dioxide flowing through the energy storage heat exchange assembly 300 and/or the energy release heat exchange assembly 500 to raise the temperature of the carbon dioxide.
When the energy storage system 10 based on carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation works, the waste heat exchange assembly 700 is started, the absorption heat pump 710 absorbs waste heat to generate and provide a cold source and a first heat source, the cold source is input into the cold storage tank 720 through the first outlet 711, and the heat source is input into the heat storage tank 730 through the second outlet 712. In the energy storage stage, the carbon dioxide stored in the gas storage 100 at normal temperature and normal pressure enters the compressor 200 and the energy storage heat exchange assembly 300, exchanges heat with a cold source from the cold storage tank 720 in the energy storage heat exchange assembly 300, is converted into high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide, and is stored in the liquid storage tank 400; in the energy release stage, the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide stored in the liquid storage tank 400 enters the energy release heat exchange assembly 500, and is subjected to heat exchange in the energy release heat exchange assembly 500 to be converted into high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide, and the high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide is converted into normal-temperature normal-pressure carbon dioxide after expansion work of the turbine 600 and flows back into the gas storage 100; in the energy storage system 10 based on the carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase cycle, the heat required in the carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase cycle heat exchange is provided by the first heat source, the first heat source from the heat storage tank 730 exchanges heat with carbon dioxide in the energy storage heat exchange assembly 300 and/or the energy release heat exchange assembly 500, and the cold source and the first heat source are generated and provided by the absorption heat pump 710 by utilizing the waste heat, so that the heat of the existing plant is effectively utilized, the operation efficiency of the energy storage system 10 based on the carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase cycle is improved, and the application scene and range of the energy storage system 10 based on the carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase cycle are expanded.
As shown in table 1, under the condition that each condition is unchanged, the existing electric compression type refrigerating unit provides cold energy and the electric compression type heat pump unit provides heat, and the electric compression type refrigerating unit is compared with the heat exchange component for providing a cold source and a first heat source by utilizing waste heat in the invention.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the above Table 1, the power consumption required by the existing electric compression refrigeration unit to provide cold and the electric compression heat pump unit to provide heat is 9%, but in the energy storage system based on carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation provided by the invention, the power consumption of the heat exchange component to provide the cold source and the first heat source is 5%, which is reduced by 4% compared with the heat exchange component, the power consumption is reduced, the energy consumption is smaller, and the energy can be saved.
The source of the waste heat has various forms, and in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the waste heat may be external waste heat, where "external" refers to the outside of the carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation energy storage system 10, for example, the outside of the plant where the carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation energy storage system 10 is located, and the external waste heat includes hot gas, hot water, geothermal heat and the like collected from the outside of the plant, so as to enable energy reuse and improve energy utilization efficiency.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the waste heat includes at least one of heat generated by the energy storage heat exchange component 300 and heat generated by the energy release heat exchange component 500, and when the device is specifically set, low-quality waste heat is generated in the working process of the energy storage heat exchange component 300, and also low-quality waste heat is generated in the working process of the energy release heat exchange component 500, and the absorption heat pump 710 can use the low-quality waste heat to generate the cold source and the first heat source so as to fully utilize heat in the factory to realize effective circulation of energy and improve the energy utilization rate.
The source of waste heat is in a variety of forms, and in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6, the waste heat also includes the turbine 600 outlet heat and/or the compressor 200 outlet heat. In a specific arrangement, low-quality waste heat is generated during the operation of the turbine 600, and similarly, low-quality waste heat is also generated during the operation of the compressor 200, and the absorption heat pump 710 can use the low-quality waste heat to generate the cold source and the first heat source, so as to fully utilize heat in the factory, realize effective energy circulation, and improve energy utilization rate.
As shown in fig. 4, the waste heat exchange assembly 700 further includes a first heat exchanger 740, one end of the first heat exchanger 740 is connected to the absorption heat pump 710, the other end of the first heat exchanger 740 is connected to the outlet of the turbine 600, the first heat exchanger 740 transfers the heat from the outlet of the turbine 600 to the absorption heat pump 710, and the absorption heat pump 710 uses the heat to generate a cold source and a first heat source, so as to recycle the heat in the energy storage system 10 for the carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase cycle.
As shown in fig. 5, the waste heat exchange assembly 700 further includes a second heat exchanger 750, one end of the second heat exchanger 750 is connected to the absorption heat pump 710, the other end of the second heat exchanger 750 is connected to the outlet of the compressor 200, the second heat exchanger 750 transfers the heat from the outlet of the compressor 200 to the absorption heat pump 710, and the absorption heat pump 710 uses the heat to generate a cold source and a first heat source, so as to recycle the heat in the energy storage system 10 for the carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase cycle.
As shown in fig. 6, the heat exchanging assembly 700 includes a first heat exchanger 740 and a second heat exchanger 750, the other end of the first heat exchanger 740 is connected to the outlet of the turbine 600, the first heat exchanger 740 transfers the heat of the outlet of the turbine 600 to the absorption heat pump 710, the other end of the second heat exchanger 750 is connected to the outlet of the compressor 200, and the second heat exchanger 750 transfers the heat of the outlet of the compressor 200 to the absorption heat pump 710, so that the absorption heat pump 710 can reuse the low-quality waste heat generated from the turbine 600 and the compressor 200.
In order to facilitate the cold storage tank 720 to provide a cold source to the energy storage heat exchange assembly 300, referring to fig. 1-7, in a preferred embodiment, the energy storage heat exchange assembly 300 includes a first condenser 310, the first condenser 310 is connected to the cold storage tank 720 through a first pipe 320, the first pipe 320 has a first valve 330 thereon, and the first condenser 310 is used for exchanging heat between the cold source and gaseous carbon dioxide when the first valve 330 is opened.
When the energy storage system 10 based on the carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase cycle works, the first valve 330 in the energy storage stage is opened, at this time, the cold source flows from the cold storage tank 720 to the first condenser 310, the carbon dioxide stored in the air storage 100 at normal temperature and normal pressure enters the first condenser 310 after being compressed by the compressor 200, and the carbon dioxide is subjected to heat exchange with the cold source from the cold storage tank 720 in the first condenser 310 to cool down, and is converted into high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide, and the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide is input into the liquid storage tank 400 and stored therein. In a specific setting, the energy storage system 10 based on the carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase cycle further includes a control module, where the control module is connected to the first valve 330 through a cable and is used to control the first valve 330 to be opened after the energy storage phase begins.
To facilitate the heat storage tank 730 providing the first heat source to the heat release and exchange assembly 500, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, in a preferred embodiment, the heat release and exchange assembly 500 includes a first evaporator 510, the first evaporator 510 is connected to the heat storage tank 730 by a second pipe 520, the second pipe 520 has a second valve 530 thereon, and the first evaporator 510 is configured to exchange heat between the first heat source and liquid carbon dioxide when the second valve 530 is opened.
When the energy storage system 10 based on the carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase cycle works, the second valve 530 is opened in the energy release stage, at this time, the first heat source flows from the heat storage tank 730 to the first evaporator 510, the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide stored in the liquid storage tank 400 enters into the first evaporator 510, and exchanges heat with the first heat source from the heat storage tank 730 in the first evaporator 510 to raise the temperature and convert the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide into high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide. When specifically configured, the second valve 530 is connected to the control module by a cable communication for controlling the opening of the second valve 530 after the start of the energy release phase.
In order to facilitate the heat storage tank 730 to provide the first heat source to the energy storage heat exchange assembly 300, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, in a preferred embodiment, the energy storage heat exchange assembly 300 includes a preheater 340, the preheater 340 is disposed between the compressor 200 and the gas storage reservoir 100, the preheater 340 is connected to the heat storage tank 730 through a third pipe 350, the third pipe 350 has a third valve 360 thereon, and the preheater 340 is used to exchange heat between the first heat source and the ambient temperature carbon dioxide when the third valve 360 is opened.
When the energy storage system 10 based on the carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase cycle works, the third valve 360 in the energy storage stage is opened, at this time, the first heat source flows from the heat storage tank 730 to the preheater 340, the carbon dioxide stored in the gas storage tank 100 at normal temperature and normal pressure enters the preheater 340, and heat exchange is performed with the first heat source from the heat storage tank 730 in the preheater 340 to raise the temperature, and the carbon dioxide is converted into the carbon dioxide at high temperature and normal pressure and then enters the compressor 200 to be compressed. When specifically configured, the third valve 360 is connected to the control module by a cable for controlling the opening of the third valve 360 after the energy release phase is initiated. In order to further control the opening of the energy storage stage and the energy release stage, a fourth valve 370 is disposed on a pipeline between the first condenser 310 and the liquid storage tank 400, the fourth valve 370 is connected with the control module through a cable for controlling the opening of the energy storage stage, a fifth valve 540 is disposed on a pipeline between the first evaporator 510 and the liquid storage tank 400, and the fifth valve 540 is connected with the control module through a cable for controlling the opening of the energy release stage.
It should be noted that the source of the waste heat is not limited to the above-mentioned structure, for example, the waste heat may be from the cooler 380 of the energy storage heat exchange assembly 300, the cooler 380 is used for cooling the high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide into the high-pressure and low-temperature carbon dioxide, and the waste heat released during the conversion process may be from the waste heat released by the compressor 200 during the conversion process of compressing the normal-pressure carbon dioxide into the high-pressure carbon dioxide.
To further increase the utilization rate of the waste heat, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, 5, 6 and 7, the waste heat exchange assembly 700 further includes a heat collector 760, the heat collector 760 is connected to the energy release heat exchange assembly 500 through a pipe, and the heat collector 760 is used to absorb external waste heat to form a second heat source. It should be noted that, the absorption heat pump 710 uses low-quality external waste heat, and the low-grade waste heat is waste heat energy which has low grade, low concentration and low energy and is not considered important. Low-grade waste heat includes, but is not limited to, low concentration combustibles with a heating value less than 600kcal/Nm, sensible heat objects with a temperature below 800 ℃, low temperature tail gas with a temperature below 400 ℃, flue gas, geothermal heat, etc. While heat collector 760 utilizes high quality external waste heat. The heat collector 760 may be a heat exchanger, or may be other structures that can meet the requirements.
When the energy storage system 10 based on the carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation works, the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide stored in the liquid storage tank 400 enters the energy release heat exchange assembly 500, and performs the first heat exchange with the first heat source from the heat storage tank 730 in the energy release heat exchange assembly 500 to realize the first temperature rise, and then performs the second heat exchange with the second heat source from the heat collector 760 to realize the second temperature rise so as to convert the high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide into the high-pressure carbon dioxide, and the high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide is converted into the normal-temperature normal-pressure carbon dioxide after expansion work of the turbine 600 and flows back into the gas storage 100. The waste heat exchange assembly 700 can perform cascade utilization on external waste heat, so that the energy utilization rate is improved, and the electricity consumption and the energy consumption are further reduced.
To facilitate the heat collector 760 providing the second heat source to the heat release assembly 500, in particular, as shown in fig. 2, the heat release assembly 500 includes a heater 550, the heater 550 is connected to the heat collector 760 by a pipe, and the heater 550 is used to exchange heat between the second heat source and gaseous carbon dioxide. In a specific arrangement, the heater 550 is disposed between the first evaporator 510 and the turbine 600.
When the energy storage system 10 based on the carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase cycle works, the second heat source flows from the heat collector 760 to the heater 550 in the energy release stage, the high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide converted by the first evaporator 510 enters the heater 550, and exchanges heat with the second heat source from the heat collector 760 in the heater 550 to further heat, and the heated high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide enters the turbine 600 to perform expansion work.
More specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the energy storage system 10 based on carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase cycle further includes a generator 800, the generator 800 being connected to the turbine 600, the generator 800 being configured to generate and provide electrical power. In a specific operation, the high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide heated by the first evaporator 510 and the heater 550 twice enters the turbine to expand and do work, the expansion work of the turbine drives the generator 800 to generate power, the carbon dioxide after doing work enters the gas storage 100, and the power generated by the generator 800 can be connected into a power grid.
There are various structural forms of the absorption heat pump 710, and in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the absorption heat pump 710 includes a generator 713, an absorber 714, a second evaporator 715, and a second condenser 716, where the generator 713, the absorber 714, the second evaporator 715, and the second condenser 716 are connected by a closed loop pipe, and the following are: the generator 713 stores therein a working medium, for example, the working medium includes, but is not limited to, a mixed solution having a boiling point difference such as water, lithium bromide mixed solution, ammonia water, etc., and the generator 713 is used for forming the working medium into refrigerant vapor and absorbent under the action of a driving heat source; the absorbent flows to the absorber 714, heat release of the absorbent is achieved to form a first heat source, and an outlet in the absorber 714 for outputting the first heat source constitutes a second outlet 712. The second evaporator 715 is used for performing heat exchange with the refrigerant vapor to form a cold source, and an outlet for outputting the cold source in the second evaporator 715 forms a first outlet 711; the second condenser 716 is used to condense the refrigerant vapor and the absorbent into a working fluid.
When the energy storage system 10 based on carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation works, the waste heat exchange assembly 700 is started, the generator 713 forms the working medium into refrigerant steam and absorbent under the action of the driving heat source, the refrigerant steam flows to the second evaporator 715 and is subjected to heat exchange in the second evaporator 715 to form a cold source, the cold source is output from the second evaporator 715 to the cold storage tank 720 for storage, the absorbent flows to the absorber 714, heat release of the absorbent is realized to form a first heat source, and the first heat source is output from the absorber 714 to the heat storage tank 730 for storage. When the device is specifically arranged, the first heat source can be middle-temperature hot water, and the cold source can be low-temperature cold water.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an energy storage system based on carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation, its characterized in that includes closed-loop connection's gas storage storehouse, compressor and energy storage heat transfer module, liquid storage pot, release can heat transfer module, turbine, energy storage system based on carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase circulation still includes waste heat transfer module, wherein:
the waste heat exchange assembly comprises an absorption heat pump, a cold storage tank and a heat storage tank, wherein the absorption heat pump is used for absorbing waste heat to generate and providing a cold source and a first heat source, the absorption heat pump is provided with a first outlet for outputting the cold source and a second outlet for outputting the first heat source, the input end of the cold storage tank is connected with the first outlet, the output end of the cold storage tank is connected with the energy storage heat exchange assembly, the input end of the heat storage tank is connected with the second outlet, and the output end of the heat storage tank is connected with the energy release heat exchange assembly and/or the energy storage heat exchange assembly.
2. The carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase cycle based energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the waste heat comprises external waste heat.
3. The carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase cycle based energy storage system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the waste heat comprises at least one of heat generated by the energy storage heat exchange assembly and heat generated by the energy release heat exchange assembly.
4. The carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase cycle based energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the waste heat further comprises an outlet heat of the turbine and/or an outlet heat of the compressor.
5. The energy storage system based on carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase cycle according to claim 4, wherein the waste heat exchange assembly comprises at least one heat exchanger, one end of the heat exchanger is connected with the absorption heat pump, and the other end is connected with the outlet of the turbine and/or the outlet of the compressor.
6. The carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase cycle based energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the energy storage heat exchange assembly comprises a first condenser connected to the cold storage tank by a first conduit having a first valve and configured to exchange heat between the cold source and gaseous carbon dioxide when the first valve is open.
7. The carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase cycle based energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the energy-releasing heat exchange assembly comprises a first evaporator connected to the heat storage tank by a second conduit having a second valve and configured to exchange heat between the first heat source and liquid carbon dioxide when the second valve is open.
8. The carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase cycle based energy storage system of claim 1 or 7, wherein the energy storage heat exchange assembly further comprises a preheater disposed between the compressor and the gas reservoir, the preheater being connected to the heat storage tank by a third conduit having a third valve and configured to exchange heat between the first heat source and gaseous carbon dioxide when the third valve is open.
9. The carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase cycle based energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the waste heat exchange assembly further comprises a heat collector connected to the energy release heat exchange assembly and configured to absorb waste heat to form a second heat source.
10. The carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase cycle based energy storage system of claim 9, wherein the energy-releasing heat exchange assembly comprises a heater connected to the heat collector and configured to exchange heat between the second heat source and gaseous carbon dioxide.
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