CN117210233A - Biochar preparation system and method for preparing biochar by using same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon fertilizer production, and discloses a biochar preparation system and a method for preparing biochar by using the same. The biochar preparation system comprises: the device comprises a combustion chamber, an anaerobic dry distiller, a cyclone separator, a separation tower and a tar and wood vinegar separator. The biochar preparation system has the advantages of simple structure and low manufacturing cost; through the design and optimization of the structure, the generated combustible gas and tar can be fully utilized, the energy can be fully recovered, the supply of external fuel is reduced, and 80% -95% of external fuel is replaced. In addition, the biochar preparation system can greatly reduce emission of carbon dioxide, flue gas and the like, and is beneficial to environmental protection. The preparation method of the biochar provided by the invention has the advantages of high efficiency and high yield, and can obtain high-quality biochar and wood vinegar simultaneously; tar and combustible gas generated in the preparation process can continuously supply heat for the anaerobic dry distillation device.

Description

A biochar preparation system and a method for preparing biochar using the same

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon fertilizer production, and specifically relates to a biochar preparation system and a method for preparing biochar using the same.

Background technique

With the promotion and application of comprehensive straw utilization technology, the preparation of straw into biochar has become one of the research focuses. Biochar is a stable carbon material obtained by partial oxidation of biomass raw materials at high temperatures. It has a wide range of application values, such as being used in soil improvement, carbon sequestration and emission reduction, water purification, energy storage and other fields. In the agricultural field, biochar can improve soil acidity and alkalinity, improve soil fertilizer and water retention capabilities, activate soil microorganisms, and promote plant absorption of nutrients, thereby increasing crop yield and quality; at the same time, preparing straw into biochar can solve the problem of straw Burning wasteland pollutes the atmosphere, discarding rotten waste pollutes water bodies and other issues. More importantly, storing carbon in the soil is one of the best ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

At present, direct heating is mainly used to prepare biochar from straw. The heating method can be divided into two forms. One is to directly ignite the raw materials as a cracking heat source, and the other is to use a hot blast furnace to pass hot flue gas into the cracking furnace to promote the generation of raw materials. reaction. However, no matter which method is used to prepare biochar at present, the quality of the prepared biochar is poor. Even if it is processed, a large amount of flue gas will be emitted, and the straw resources cannot be fully utilized. In addition, the current biochar preparation system has a complex structure and is difficult to operate.

Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a biochar preparation system that can prepare high-quality biochar and make full use of straw resources.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a biochar preparation system and a method for preparing biochar using the same . The biochar preparation system provided by the invention can not only prepare high-quality biochar and is suitable for soil improvement; it can also fully utilize straw resources and reduce smoke emissions.

The invention provides a biochar preparation system.

Specifically, a biochar preparation system includes:

Combustion chamber, connected to the burner;

An anaerobic retort is connected to the combustion chamber, and the anaerobic retort is provided with a feed port and a biochar discharge port;

A cyclone separator, connected to the combustion chamber, used to separate gaseous substances produced by the combustion chamber;

A separation tower, connected to the top of the cyclone separator, used to separate the gas substances separated by the cyclone separator; the top of the separation tower is connected to a combustible gas storage chamber, and the combustible gas storage chamber is connected to the burner ;

The tar and wood vinegar liquid separator is connected to the cyclone separator and the bottom of the separation tower; the tar and wood vinegar liquid separator is connected to the wood vinegar liquid storage room and the burner.

In the above biochar preparation system, a suction air pump is provided between the cyclone separator and the separation tower.

In the above biochar preparation system, a cooler and a gas scrubber are also provided between the separation tower and the combustible gas storage chamber.

In the above biochar preparation system, the top of the separation tower is connected to the cooler, the top of the cooler is connected to the gas scrubber, and the bottoms of the cooler and the gas scrubber are connected to the combustible gas. Storage Room.

In the above biochar preparation system, a suction air pump is provided between the separation tower and the cooler.

In the above biochar preparation system, a suction air pump is provided between the cooler and the gas scrubber.

In the above biochar preparation system, the burner is also connected to a fuel chamber for providing external fuel.

In the above biochar preparation system, the anaerobic retort is a closed internal heating anaerobic furnace.

Further, the anaerobic retort is one of a rotary furnace, a rake furnace, a stew furnace or a kiln.

The invention provides a method for preparing biochar.

Specifically, a method for preparing biochar includes the following steps:

(1) Add the straw into the anaerobic retort, provide heat from the combustion chamber, and perform a retort reaction to obtain biochar and gas fractions;

(2) Transport the gas fraction to a cyclone separator for primary separation to obtain the gas part and the liquid part;

(3) Transport the gas part to a separation tower for secondary separation to obtain a combustible gas and liquid mixture; transport the liquid mixture and the liquid part obtained in step (2) to a tar and wood vinegar separator, Separate wood vinegar and tar; transport the tar to the combustion chamber for combustion and heat supply;

(4) The combustible gas obtained in step (3) is cooled, washed, and transported to the combustion chamber for combustion and heating.

In the above preparation method, the temperature of the carbonization reaction is about 400-600°C, such as 450°C or 500°C.

In the above preparation method, the combustible gas includes methane, carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) In the biochar preparation system provided by the present invention, the combustion chamber supplies heat to the anaerobic retort. The straw is added to the anaerobic retort and then retorted to generate biochar and gas fractions. The gas fractions are double separated by the cyclone separator and the separation tower. , to obtain combustible gas, tar and wood vinegar; the combustible gas and tar are transported to the combustion chamber and burned to provide heat for the anaerobic retort. The biochar preparation system has a simple structure and low cost. By using the biochar preparation system provided by the present invention to prepare biochar, not only high-quality biochar can be obtained, but also high-quality wood vinegar liquid can be obtained, so that straw resources can be fully utilized. At the same time, through the design and optimization of the structure, the biochar preparation system can make full use of the combustible gas and tar produced, fully recover energy, reduce the supply of external fuel, and replace 80%-95% of external fuel. In addition, this biochar preparation system can greatly reduce carbon dioxide, flue gas and other emissions, which is beneficial to environmental protection.

(2) The present invention provides a biochar preparation method with high efficiency and large output, which can simultaneously obtain high-quality biochar and wood vinegar; the tar and combustible gas generated during the preparation process can continue to provide heat for the anaerobic retort. . It is calculated that using this preparation method to prepare biochar, 1000kg of dried straw can produce about 300kg of straw charcoal, 500kg of retort liquid (including about 167kg of wood vinegar, 83kg of tar and 250kg of water) and 200kg of biochar. flammable gas.

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a biochar preparation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a process flow diagram for preparing biochar in an embodiment of the present invention;

Explanation of reference numbers:

Combustion chamber 100, burner 110, fuel chamber 120;

Anaerobic retort 200, feed port 210, biochar discharge port 220, biochar cooling chamber 230;

Cyclone 300,

Separation tower 400, combustible gas storage chamber 410, cooler 420, gas scrubber 430;

Tar and wood vinegar separator 500, wood vinegar storage room 510.

Detailed ways

The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Referring to Figure 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a biochar preparation system, including: a combustion chamber 100 connected to a burner 110; an anaerobic retort 200 connected to the combustion chamber 100, The anaerobic retort 200 is provided with a feed port 210 and a biochar discharge port 220; a cyclone separator 300 is connected to the combustion chamber 100 and is used to separate gaseous substances produced by the combustion chamber 100; a separation tower 400 is connected to the cyclone separator The top of separation tower 400 is connected to the gas substance separated by cyclone separator 300; the top of separation tower 400 is connected to combustible gas storage chamber 410, and combustible gas storage chamber 410 is connected to burner 110; tar and wood vinegar separator 500 is connected with The cyclone separator 300 is connected to the bottom of the separation tower 400; the tar and wood vinegar liquid separator 500 is connected to the wood vinegar liquid storage chamber 510 and the burner 110. The biochar preparation system provided by the embodiment of the present invention supplies heat from the combustion chamber 100 to the anaerobic retort 200. The straw is added to the anaerobic retort 200 and then retorted to generate biochar and gas fractions. The gas fractions pass through the cyclone separator 300 and the separation tower 400. After separation, combustible gas, tar and wood vinegar liquid are obtained; the combustible gas and tar are transported to the combustion chamber 100 and burned to provide heat for the anaerobic retort 200. The biochar preparation system has a simple structure and low cost. By using the biochar preparation system provided by the embodiments of the present invention to prepare biochar, not only high-quality biochar can be obtained, but also high-quality wood vinegar liquid can be obtained, so that straw resources can be fully utilized. At the same time, through the design and optimization of the structure, the biochar preparation system can make full use of the combustible gas and tar produced, fully recover energy, reduce the supply of external fuel, and replace 80%-95% of external fuel. In addition, this biochar preparation system can greatly reduce carbon dioxide, flue gas and other emissions, which is beneficial to environmental protection.

In the biochar preparation system of this embodiment, the anaerobic retort 200 is a closed internal heating anaerobic furnace. You can choose between a rotary kiln, a rake furnace, a stew furnace or a kiln. Further, the anaerobic retort 200 is a rotary kiln, and straw is added from the tail part of the rotary kiln. During the retort reaction, the material moves from the tail of the furnace to the head of the furnace under the action of centrifugal force and gravity. The prepared biochar is produced by the biomass in the furnace head. The charcoal discharge port 220 is removed. The unloaded biochar has a relatively high temperature and can directly enter the biochar cooling chamber 230 connected to the biochar outlet 220 for cooling.

In the biochar preparation system of this embodiment, a suction air pump is provided between the cyclone separator 300 and the separation tower 400 . The suction air pump provides power for the transportation of gas fractions and can also ensure the separation effect of the gas fractions in the cyclone separator 300.

In the biochar preparation system of this embodiment, a cooler 420 and a gas scrubber 430 may also be provided between the separation tower 400 and the combustible gas storage chamber 410. Specifically, the top of the separation tower 400 is connected to the cooler 420, the top of the cooler 420 is connected to the gas scrubber 430, and the bottoms of the cooler 420 and the gas scrubber 430 are connected to the combustible gas storage chamber 410. The cooler 420 cools the combustible gas and stores it safely in the combustible gas storage chamber 410. The incompletely cooled combustible gas is further washed by the gas scrubber 430 to improve the quality of the combustible gas and facilitate energy recovery. In order to facilitate the transportation of gas, a suction air pump may be provided between the separation tower 400 and the cooler 420, and between the cooler 420 and the gas scrubber 430. It can be understood that the number and power of the suction air pumps are determined by the actual production capacity of the biochar preparation system.

In the biochar preparation system of this embodiment, the burner 110 is also connected to a fuel chamber 120 for providing external fuel.

Embodiments of the present invention also provide a method for preparing biochar, which is prepared using the above-mentioned biochar preparation system. The process flow diagram is shown in Figure 2, and specifically includes the following steps:

(1) Add the dried and pulverized straw into the anaerobic retort 200 and provide heat from the combustion chamber 100. The straw undergoes a retort reaction in the anaerobic retort 200. The temperature of the retort reaction is about 450°C to obtain biochar and gas fraction;

(2) Transport the gas fraction to the cyclone separator 300 for primary separation to obtain the gas part and the liquid part;

(3) Transport the gas part to the separation tower 400 for secondary separation to obtain a combustible gas and liquid mixture; transport the liquid mixture and the liquid part obtained in step (2) to the tar and wood vinegar separator 500 to separate and obtain Wood vinegar and tar; transport the tar to the combustion chamber 100 for combustion and heat supply;

(4) The combustible gas obtained in step (3) is cooled, washed, and transported to the combustion chamber 100 for combustion and heat supply.

In the preparation method of the embodiment of the present invention, the combustible gas is mainly methane, carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Using this preparation method to prepare biochar has high efficiency and large output, and can simultaneously prepare high-quality biochar and wood vinegar; the tar and combustible gas generated during the preparation process can continue to provide heat for the anaerobic retort 200. It is calculated that using the preparation method provided in this embodiment, 1000kg of dried straw can produce about 300kg of straw charcoal, 500kg of carbonization liquid (including about 167kg of wood vinegar, 83kg of tar and 250kg of water) and 200kg of charcoal. of flammable gas.

The main component of the biochar prepared in this embodiment is carbon, and straw absorbs plant growth elements from the soil, air, and water during the plant growth process, and remains in the biochar. After being applied to the soil, it can become Macro-, medium- and micro-element fertilizer for soil. If necessary, the biochar prepared in this example can also be used with organic fertilizer.

The biochar prepared in this embodiment plays an important role in improving soil and crop growth due to its unique pores and specific surface area. When applied to agricultural soil, it can increase soil moisture content, increase soil porosity, effectively reduce soil capacity, improve the proportional relationship between water storage, soil particles and air storage pores in soil voids, increase the temperature of the soil layer, and increase Soil conductivity, increased adsorption of nutrient molecules and other advantages.

The biochar preparation method provided by the embodiment of the present invention can not only turn waste into treasure and prepare high-quality biochar, but also obtain wood vinegar liquid, so that straw resources can be fully utilized. Wood vinegar liquid can be used as a foliar fertilizer for agricultural and forestry crops, and as a disinfectant inhibitor of harmful soil molds, such as toxins, Penicillium, Rhizoctonia, Discophyton and Fusarium. Wood vinegar can also adjust the pH of the soil.

It should be noted that in the description of the invention, if there is any description of the orientation, such as the orientation or positional relationship indicated by up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., it is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. , is only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed or operated in a specific orientation, and cannot be understood as limiting the invention.

In the description of the invention, "several" means one or more, "plural" means two or more than two, greater than, less than, more than, etc. are understood to exclude the original number, and above, below, within, etc. are understood to include the original number. If there is a description of first or second grade, it is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the indicated technology. The sequence of features.

In the description of the invention, unless otherwise explicitly limited, words such as setting, installation, and connection should be understood in a broad sense. Those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above words in the invention based on the specific content of the technical solution.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation modes of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the patent scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A biochar preparation system, characterized by comprising: Combustion chamber (100), connected to burner (110); An anaerobic retort (200) is connected to the combustion chamber (100), and the anaerobic retort (200) is provided with a feed port (210) and a biochar discharge port (220); Cyclone separator (300), connected to the combustion chamber (100), used to separate gaseous substances generated by the combustion chamber (100); The separation tower (400) is connected to the top of the cyclone separator (300), and is used to separate the gas substances separated by the cyclone separator (300); the top of the separation tower (400) is connected to a combustible gas storage chamber (410), the combustible gas storage chamber (410) is connected to the burner (110); The tar and wood vinegar separator (500) is connected to the cyclone separator (300) and the bottom of the separation tower (400); the tar and wood vinegar separator (500) is connected to the wood vinegar storage room (510) and said burner (110). 2. The biochar preparation system according to claim 1, characterized in that a suction air pump is provided between the cyclone separator (300) and the separation tower (400). 3. The biochar preparation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a cooler (420) and a gas scrubber are further provided between the separation tower (400) and the combustible gas storage chamber (410). Device(430). 4. The biochar preparation system according to claim 3, characterized in that the top of the separation tower (400) is connected to the cooler (420), and the top of the cooler (420) is connected to the gas scrubber. The bottom of the cooler (420) and the gas scrubber (430) is connected to the combustible gas storage chamber (410). 5. The biochar preparation system according to claim 4, characterized in that a suction air pump is provided between the separation tower (400) and the cooler (420); the cooler (420) and the A suction air pump is provided between the gas scrubbers (430). 6. The biochar preparation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the burner (110) is also connected to a fuel chamber (120) for providing external fuel. 7. The biochar preparation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the anaerobic retort (200) is a closed internal heating anaerobic furnace. 8. The biochar preparation system according to claim 7, characterized in that the anaerobic retort (200) is one of a rotary furnace, a rake furnace, a stew furnace or a kiln. 9. A method for preparing biochar, characterized in that the biochar preparation system according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is used for preparation, comprising the following steps: (1) Add the straw into the anaerobic retort (200), supply heat from the combustion chamber (100), and perform a retort reaction to obtain biochar and gas fractions; (2) Transport the gas fraction to the cyclone separator (300) for primary separation to obtain the gas part and the liquid part; (3) Transport the gas part to the separation tower (400) for secondary separation to obtain a combustible gas and liquid mixture; transport the liquid mixture and the liquid part obtained in step (2) to tar and wood vinegar liquid The separator (500) separates wood vinegar and tar; transports the tar to the combustion chamber (100) for combustion and heat supply; (4) The combustible gas obtained in step (3) is cooled, washed, and transported to the combustion chamber (100) for combustion and heat supply. 10. The preparation method according to claim 9, wherein the combustible gas includes methane, carbon monoxide and hydrogen.