CN117192612A - High-precision turbid sand accumulation body earthquake identification method - Google Patents
High-precision turbid sand accumulation body earthquake identification method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000035126 Facies Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of geological exploration and development, and particularly relates to a high-precision turbid sand body earthquake identification method, which comprises the steps of establishing a well earthquake time-depth relation and determining earthquake response characteristics of turbid sand by utilizing post-stack earthquake data and well logging data of a standard working area to obtain calibrated well logging data and earthquake data; utilizing the seismic data and combining the seismic response characteristics to find out an advantageous phase zone of the development of the turbid sand; reconstructing the wave impedance curve based on the natural gamma curve, inverting the wave impedance curve and the seismic data after reconstruction to obtain a reconstructed wave impedance inversion body, and determining the turbid sandstone effective reservoir through the reconstructed wave impedance inversion body. Because the sandstone cannot be distinguished directly by the wave impedance, the turbid deposition sandstone can be identified by natural gamma, and then the turbid deposition sandstone can be identified accurately by fully utilizing the existing data and based on the natural gamma reconstruction wave impedance inversion technology, so that the identification precision of a turbid deposition sandstone reservoir is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geological exploration and development, and particularly relates to a high-precision turbid sand body earthquake identification method.
Background
The turbid accumulated sandstone reservoir has the characteristics of poor transverse continuity, small individual size, large reservoir thickness variation and scattered distribution on a plane, and is a compact reservoir with low pores and low permeability; the longitudinally partial turbid sand body grows between two sets of hydrocarbon source rocks or above and below the hydrocarbon source rocks, and the earthquake response characteristic is easily shielded by strong reflection of the hydrocarbon source rock stratum. The method has the advantages that the plane spreading of the turbid sand body is difficult to extrapolate by means of well point information, only a favorable region of the turbid sand body can be carved due to strong reflection shielding seismic amplitude attribute, the turbid sand reservoir is difficult to accurately identify, and the seismic inversion technology can convert seismic information into regular impedance information representing the transverse change of the underground turbid sand body under the constraint of logging data. However, the stacking phenomenon of turbid trapped sandstone and surrounding rock wave impedance exists, and the turbid trapped sandstone and plane distribution characteristics thereof are difficult to identify with high precision by adopting conventional wave impedance inversion.
The former is directed at the situation that the wave impedance inversion identifies the turbid and accumulated sandstone reservoir with low precision caused by the superposition of turbid and accumulated sandstone and surrounding rock wave impedance, the research is not much, and a complete and high-precision method for identifying the turbid and accumulated sandstone reservoir by using the earthquake is not formed. In the prior art, some of the turbid sand bodies are identified by combining sedimentation mode analysis and seismic phase division with seismic waveform clustering, some of the turbid sand bodies are identified by extracting seismic amplitude attributes after a strong reflection stripping technology is adopted, and other turbid sand bodies are identified by pre-stack seismic inversion; although the turbid sand is drawn by a deposition mode analysis or seismic facies method, the accuracy is low, and only a favorable zone for the development of turbid sand is drawn by seismic facies; the seismic amplitude attribute is extracted to identify the turbid sand accumulation body after the strong reflection stripping technology is adopted, and although the turbid sand accumulation body can be well identified, whether reflection information of a turbid sand accumulation reservoir is removed or not is difficult to control in the strong reflection separation process, so that the reservoir prediction has strong multi-resolution easily; although the pre-stack inversion can better identify the turbid sand body, the method has the advantages that transverse wave logging data are needed, the transverse wave logging cost is high, and the transverse wave speed is mostly obtained from petrophysical modeling, so that the precision of the transverse wave speed is low, and the precision of the pre-stack inversion for predicting the turbid sand body is also reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-precision turbid sand body earthquake identification method, which is used for solving the problem of low precision in the method for realizing turbid sand rock prediction in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a high-precision turbid sand body earthquake identification method, which comprises the following steps:
1) Acquiring post-stack seismic data and well logging data of a target work area; performing well earthquake calibration on the well logging data and the seismic data of the post-stack seismic data to obtain calibrated well logging data and seismic data; the well earthquake calibration comprises the steps of establishing a well earthquake time depth relation and determining earthquake response characteristics of turbid sand accumulation sandstone;
2) Performing seismic interpretation and tracking on the bottom boundary of the turbid sand stratum on the calibrated seismic data, extracting the seismic amplitude attribute of the layer, and describing an advantageous phase zone of turbid sand development by combining with the seismic response characteristics of the turbid sand on the seismic section;
3) Reconstructing a wave impedance curve of the logging data based on the natural gamma curve to obtain a reconstructed wave impedance curve capable of identifying turbid sand;
4) Determining a reconstructed wave impedance inversion body according to the calibration result and the reconstructed wave impedance curve, and performing seismic wave impedance inversion on the reconstructed wave impedance inversion body to obtain an inversion data body based on the natural gamma reconstructed wave impedance;
5) And obtaining impedance information reflecting the turbid sand accumulation body on the inversion data body, forming a wave impedance distribution plane diagram, and determining the turbid sand accumulation effective reservoir on the plane diagram by using a reconstructed wave impedance threshold value.
The beneficial effects are as follows: the method comprises the steps of establishing a well earthquake time-depth relation and determining seismic response characteristics of turbid sand accumulation by utilizing post-stack seismic data and well logging data of a standard working area, obtaining calibrated well logging data and seismic data, and finding out an advantageous phase zone of turbid sand accumulation development by utilizing the seismic data and combining the seismic response characteristics; and reconstructing the wave impedance curve based on the natural gamma curve, inverting the wave impedance curve after reconstruction and the seismic data to obtain a reconstructed wave impedance inversion body, and further accurately determining an effective reservoir of turbid sand by the reconstructed wave impedance inversion body, namely identifying turbid sand by fully utilizing the existing data and utilizing the seismic phase technology based on the natural gamma reconstruction wave impedance inversion technology, wherein the turbid sand cannot be directly distinguished due to the wave impedance, the turbid sand can be identified by natural gamma, a better linear relation exists between the wave impedance and the natural gamma, and the turbid sand can be identified by the wave impedance reconstructed by the natural gamma, so that the identification precision of the turbid sand reservoir is improved.
Further, in step 1), the reflection coefficient is obtained by using the time difference of logging sound waves and density data, well side channel seismic wavelets are extracted, and the reflection coefficient and wavelet convolution are generated to form a synthetic seismic record so as to establish a well earthquake time depth relation; and marking the well logging interpretation conclusion to the seismic section, and determining the seismic response characteristics of the turbid sand.
According to the invention, the reflection coefficient is calculated by using the logging curve, the synthetic seismic record is generated by using the reflection coefficient and the extracted well side channel seismic wavelet convolution, and the calibration position and the seismic response characteristic of the turbid sand body are defined, namely, the accuracy is improved by fully using the existing logging data and seismic data, and the accuracy of the turbid sand body prediction result is further improved.
Further, in step 3), the wave impedance profile of the well log data is obtained by multiplying the velocity of the well log data by the density.
Further, in step 3), the reconstructed wave impedance curve is calculated according to the functional relation between the natural gamma and the wave impedance, and the original wave impedance curve is calculated based on the self-heating gamma curve, so that the wave impedance curve based on the natural gamma reconstruction is generated; the functional relationship comprises a linear relationship.
The method has the advantages that through the wave impedance curves obtained by using logging data, intersection analysis is carried out on each logging curve of a target interval, a certain superposition phenomenon of sand and mudstone wave impedance can be intuitively obtained, natural gamma can better distinguish sand and mudstone, and a better linear relation exists between natural gamma and the wave impedance, so that the original wave impedance curve is subjected to linear relation operation based on a self-heating gamma curve, and a wave impedance curve based on natural gamma reconstruction is generated; that is, the wave impedance cannot directly distinguish sandstone, the turbid trapped sandstone can be identified by natural gamma, and a better linear relation exists between the wave impedance and the natural gamma, and the turbid trapped sandstone can be identified by the wave impedance reconstructed by the natural gamma, so that an accurate turbid trapped sandstone reservoir can be obtained based on the reconstructed wave impedance curve.
Further, in step 4), the calibration result includes calibrated logging data and seismic data of the side-of-well seismic trace; and determining seismic wavelets through calibration results, establishing a low-frequency wave impedance model according to structural features of a research area, and carrying out seismic wave impedance inversion on a reconstructed wave impedance curve through sparse pulse inversion.
Further, in step 5), the method for forming the wave impedance distribution plan is as follows: and extracting root mean square impedance information of the inversion body along the interpretation horizon by forming the interpretation horizon of one target layer, and giving different colors to different wave impedance values on a plane to form a wave impedance distribution plane graph.
In step 5), the impedance distribution plane diagram is selected to be larger than the reconstruction wave impedance threshold value for delineating, and the turbid sand accumulation effective reservoir is obtained.
Further, in step 1), the seismic response characteristic of the turbid sand is that of the same layer section of the turbid sand which is drilled.
Further, in the step 2), if there is a variation difference in the amplitude between the region where the turbid accumulation sand develops and the region where the turbid accumulation sand does not develop, a favorable region where the turbid accumulation sand body develops is divided according to the relationship between the intensity of the amplitude.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a tight sandstone reservoir prediction method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the well shock calibration results for a typical well in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross section of a turbid sand body coupled well contrast seismic section in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of an amplitude attribute delineated advantageous zone in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5a is a graph illustrating natural gamma versus wave impedance intersection analysis in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5b is a histogram of reconstructed wave impedance distribution of turbid siltation and surrounding rock in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a reconstructed wave impedance inversion using post-stack seismic data in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 is a plan view of the impedance distribution of the reconstructed wave of the turbid accumulation sandstone obtained in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent.
An embodiment of a high-precision turbid accumulation sand body earthquake identification method comprises the following steps:
firstly, acquiring post-seismic stack data and logging data, carrying out fine synthetic seismic record calibration on each well, tracking a bottom interface of a turbid sand body development layer, extracting amplitude attribute of the layer, and finding out a favorable region of turbid sand body development; then, according to the logging data, natural gamma and wave impedance are intersected, and a wave impedance curve is reconstructed according to the natural gamma; and in a favorable development area of the turbid sand accumulation body, performing sparse pulse inversion under the conventional logging constraint on the reconstructed wave impedance curve, finally tracking the turbid sand accumulation body on the wave impedance body, extracting a reconstructed wave impedance plane graph, determining the plane distribution range of sandstone on a plane according to the reconstructed wave impedance threshold value of the turbid sand accumulation body, and delineating an effective reservoir, thereby realizing high-precision prediction on the turbid sand accumulation reservoir. The specific implementation flow of the method is shown in fig. 1, and a specific work area a is taken as an example to describe the specific implementation process of the invention in detail.
The embodiment of the invention is as follows:
a work area three-dimensional seismic data of 140km in work area 2 The existing method uses drilling 14 (wherein a vertical well is 13 and a horizontal well is 1), from which the drilling of 13 can determine that 7 sections of the three-stack extension group length of a work area are wholly gravity flow deposition, and the reservoir is mainly composed of turbid sandstone reservoir. Because turbid trapped sandstone grows above and below oil shale or between two sets of oil shale, and the turbid trapped sandstone reservoir is hidden in the reflection same-intensity reflection phase axis, the sandstone reservoir is difficult to identify by utilizing the seismic amplitude attribute; because the sand shale is too compact, the speed and density of the sand shale are not large, so that the wave impedance difference is small, and the conventional wave impedance inversion method cannot effectively identify a turbid sedimentary rock reservoir under the special condition.
The method of the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
1) And acquiring post-stack seismic data and well logging data of the target work area, and carrying out well shock calibration on the well logging data and the post-stack seismic data to obtain calibrated well logging data and well logging data.
Well earthquake calibration is carried out on the well logging data and the post-stack earthquake data, the sandstone top surface determined by the well logging data is calibrated in the trough reflection of the earthquake data, the bottom interface of the oil shale is calibrated in the crest reflection, a single well after calibration is shown in fig. 2, and the earthquake data after calibration is shown in fig. 3. In the process of carrying out well earthquake calibration on logging data and post-stack earthquake data, the requirement that the coincidence degree of a synthetic earthquake channel and a well side earthquake channel is high and the comparison of the characteristics of multiple well turbidity sand accumulation earthquake responses is the same layer section is required.
2) And (3) carrying out seismic interpretation and tracking on the bottom boundary of the turbid sand body stratum, extracting the seismic amplitude attribute of the layer, and describing a favorable phase zone of turbid sand body development by combining the seismic phase characteristics of the turbid sand body on the seismic section.
In this embodiment, there is a significant difference in the amplitude between the region where the turbid sand grows and the region where the turbid sand does not grow, so by using the amplitude attribute to trace the favorable zone, specifically as shown in fig. 3, the seismic event that can reflect the bottom boundary of the turbid sand section stratum is tracked on the seismic data, as shown in fig. 3, the seismic amplitude information of the layer is extracted, as shown in fig. 4, and the favorable zone where the turbid sand grows is divided according to the amplitude intensity relationship.
3) Reconstructing the wave impedance curve based on the natural gamma curve, wherein the reconstructed wave impedance curve can identify turbid sand.
The well logging data obtained by the method comprise curves of lithofacies, speed, density, natural gamma and natural potential, the wave impedance curves are obtained by multiplying the speed and the density, then intersection analysis is carried out on the well logging curves of the target interval, as shown in fig. 5a, certain superposition phenomenon of sand and mudstone wave impedance is found, the natural gamma can better distinguish the sand and the mudstone, and the natural gamma has better linear relation with the wave impedance. For the embodiment, the original wave impedance curve is subjected to linear relation operation based on the self-heating gamma curve, the wave impedance curve based on natural gamma reconstruction is generated by reconstruction, the distribution histogram of turbid accumulated sandstone and surrounding rock logging data is established by the reconstructed wave impedance curve and logging lithofacies data, as shown in fig. 5b, and the threshold value of the turbid accumulated sandstone reconstruction wave impedance is greater than 10500g/cm 3 * us/m is a high-quality and effective turbid accumulation sandstone reservoir.
4) And determining a reconstructed wave impedance inversion body by using the calibrated post-stack seismic data and the reconstructed wave impedance logging curve.
Determining seismic wavelets according to calibrated logging data and seismic data of a well side seismic channel, establishing a low-frequency wave impedance model according to structural features of a research area, inverting by adopting sparse pulse inversion under the conventional logging constraint, inverting by using a reconstructed wave impedance curve instead of an original wave impedance curve, and participating inversion by synthesizing well with well record matching. Sparse pulse inversion is completed by means of CGG company jason software, and an inversion data body based on natural gamma reconstruction wave impedance is obtained.
According to the invention, the reconstructed wave impedance inversion body is obtained through curve reconstruction inversion, the problem of low precision of identifying turbid sand rock by traditional wave impedance inversion is solved, and inversion of a non-wave impedance sensitivity curve is indirectly realized. The reconstructed wave impedance inversion data volume of the target work area obtained in this embodiment tracks the same phase axis capable of reflecting turbid sand accumulation information on the inversion data as shown in fig. 6, and forms a geologic body horizon, such as a T2 layer in fig. 6.
5) And determining the plane distribution range of sandstone according to the reconstruction wave impedance threshold value of the turbid accumulated sandstone in the reservoir section on the reconstruction wave impedance antibody plane, and delineating an effective reservoir.
Extracting root mean square amplitude information of the reconstructed wave impedance inversion data body on a destination layer interpretation horizon, wherein the interpretation horizon of the destination layer can be used for tracking the wave impedance horizon capable of reflecting the sand wave impedance horizon of the destination layer on impedance data, and the embodiment extracts root mean square value attribute information of the reconstructed wave impedance inversion data body along the seismic interpretation horizon, endows different colors on different amplitude values on a plane to form an amplitude distribution plane graph, and selects values larger than 10500g/cm 3 * us/m is a good quality, effective sandstone reservoir, the results of which are shown in FIG. 7.
The predicted results are highly consistent with the actual drilling results, which shows that the turbidity accumulation indicated by the reconstructed wave impedance inversion plan is a favorable reservoir development area, and the area with higher wave impedance is considered to be the area in which the turbidity accumulation sandstone reservoir may exist in the research area.
Through the steps, the plane distribution area of the turbid deposition sandstone can be identified, in order to verify the reliability of the method, 1 horizontal well does not participate in inversion in the turbid deposition sandstone prediction to be used as a blind well for verifying the inversion result, namely a WB4P5 well in fig. 6, the length of 1000 m sand is on the horizontal section according to the drilling data WB4P5 well of the WB4P5 well, wherein the first 700 m sand is in a sand layer with the thickness of 15 m, and the later 300 m sand layer is a mudstone section, and the reliability of the turbid deposition sandstone reservoir indicated by the reconstructed wave impedance inversion plan is demonstrated, so that the reliability of the high-precision turbid deposition sandstone identification method is proved.
The turbid accumulation sandstone identification method provided by the invention has high prediction precision and strong applicability of each area.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the patent protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and all equivalent structural changes made by the specification and the drawings of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A high-precision turbid sand body earthquake identification method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Acquiring post-stack seismic data and well logging data of a target work area; performing well earthquake calibration on the well logging data and the seismic data of the post-stack seismic data to obtain calibrated well logging data and seismic data; the well earthquake calibration comprises the steps of establishing a well earthquake time depth relation and determining earthquake response characteristics of turbid sand accumulation sandstone;
2) Performing seismic interpretation and tracking on the bottom boundary of the turbid sand stratum on the calibrated seismic data, extracting the seismic amplitude attribute of the layer, and describing an advantageous phase zone of turbid sand development by combining with the seismic response characteristics of the turbid sand on the seismic section;
3) Reconstructing a wave impedance curve of the logging data based on the natural gamma curve to obtain a reconstructed wave impedance curve capable of identifying turbid sand;
4) Determining a reconstructed wave impedance inversion body according to the calibration result and the reconstructed wave impedance curve, and performing seismic wave impedance inversion on the reconstructed wave impedance inversion body to obtain an inversion data body based on the natural gamma reconstructed wave impedance;
5) And obtaining impedance information reflecting the turbid sand accumulation body on the inversion data body, forming a wave impedance distribution plane diagram, and determining the turbid sand accumulation effective reservoir on the plane diagram by using a reconstructed wave impedance threshold value.
2. The method for identifying the turbid sand body with high precision according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), reflection coefficients are obtained by using logging acoustic time difference and density data, well side channel seismic wavelets are extracted, and the reflection coefficients and wavelet convolution are generated to form a synthetic seismic record so as to establish a well earthquake time depth relation; and marking the well logging interpretation conclusion to the seismic section, and determining the seismic response characteristics of the turbid sand.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein in step 3) the wave impedance profile of the well log data is obtained by multiplying the velocity of the well log data by the density.
4. The method for identifying the turbid sand body with high precision according to claim 3, wherein in the step 3), a reconstructed wave impedance curve is calculated according to a functional relation between natural gamma and wave impedance by using an original wave impedance curve based on a self-heating gamma curve, and the reconstructed wave impedance curve based on the natural gamma reconstruction is reconstructed; the functional relationship comprises a linear relationship.
5. The method for identifying the turbid sand body with high precision according to claim 4, wherein in the step 4), the calibration result comprises calibrated well logging data and seismic data of a well side seismic channel; and determining seismic wavelets through calibration results, establishing a low-frequency wave impedance model according to structural features of a research area, and carrying out seismic wave impedance inversion on a reconstructed wave impedance curve through sparse pulse inversion.
6. The method for identifying an earthquake of a turbid sand body with high accuracy according to claim 5, wherein in step 5), the method for forming a wave impedance distribution plan is as follows: and extracting root mean square impedance information of the inversion body along the interpretation horizon by forming the interpretation horizon of one target layer, and giving different colors to different wave impedance values on a plane to form a wave impedance distribution plane graph.
7. The method for identifying the turbid sand body with high precision according to claim 6, wherein in the step 5), the turbid sand effective reservoir is obtained by delineating the impedance distribution plane diagram with a selected value larger than a reconstructed wave impedance threshold value.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein in step 1), the seismic response characteristics of the turbid sand are those of the same interval in which turbid sand has been drilled.
9. The method for identifying a turbid sand body according to claim 8, wherein in the step 2), if there is a difference in amplitude between a turbid sand development area and a turbid sand non-development area, a favorable zone for the development of the turbid sand body is divided according to the relationship between the amplitude and the intensity.
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