CN111257926A - Method for predicting ancient valley uranium reservoir by using old seismic data - Google Patents
Method for predicting ancient valley uranium reservoir by using old seismic data Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/282—Application of seismic models, synthetic seismograms
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of uranium mine exploration, and particularly relates to a method for predicting an ancient valley uranium reservoir by using old seismic data. At present, drilling is used as a main ore exploration means and method, but the investment cost is high, the period is long, and the prediction of the ancient valley uranium reservoir by the traditional method is difficult. The invention mainly comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: determining the uranium reservoir attribute by using known geological drilling data of uranium ores through a structural criterion, a uranium source criterion, a lithology-lithofacies criterion and a rock geochemistry criterion; step two: combining a petroleum two-dimensional seismic profile, performing fidelity amplitude-preserving processing on foreigner seismic data, highlighting shallow seismic reflection information, analyzing an ancient valley seismic phase of the seismic profile of a known uranium mine hole, performing wave impedance inversion according to known well wave impedance and seismic wave-front analysis, realizing shallow interpretation and structure recognition of the petroleum seismic profile, and determining the uranium reservoir attribute; step three: and (5) performing combination verification. The method can be used for predicting the uranium reservoir in the valley of the ancient river.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of uranium mine exploration, and particularly relates to a method for predicting an ancient valley uranium reservoir by using old seismic data.
Background
The sedimentary basin is often a 'treasure collecting basin' rich in various energy resources, not only contains abundant coal and oil gas resources, but also has a large amount of uranium ore resources. The northern regional leachable sandstone type uranium ore is the key point of the uranium ore prospecting work in China, the uranium ore mainly takes a deeply buried blind ore body and basically has no outcrop, the main prospecting means and method is drilling at present, but the investment cost is high, the period is long, and the prediction of the uranium reservoir in the valley of the ancient river by the traditional method is difficult.
The method utilizes reflection characteristics on old seismic sections, wave impedance and seismic wave spectrum analysis and well-seismic combination to carry out wave impedance inversion in a large area without cores or outcrops. The method has the advantages of analyzing basin evolution development and locking a target layer, can accurately determine the distribution range of the uranium reservoir, and the change characteristics of boundary lines, burial depth, lithology and the like of the uranium reservoir, and comprehensively analyzes uranium mineralization conditions by combining the characteristics of reflecting the metaplasia and uranium mineralization of the drilled uranium ore to predict the uranium reservoir in the valley of the ancient river.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for predicting an ancient valley uranium reservoir by using old seismic data, which can overcome the defects in the prior art (only using uranium ore geological drilling data), correct a two-dimensional petroleum seismic profile by using known uranium ore geological drilling, greatly improve the working efficiency of uranium ore prospecting and improve the division precision of a uranium mineralization scenic region. The prior petroleum seismic profile focuses on deep interpretation, has large detection depth, obviously shows the fold structure characteristics and the research area base characteristics of the underlayer of the Sihan group on the profile, establishes an isochronous framework for sedimentary facies research to search reservoirs and sands which are possibly mineralized, reduces the target range, but lacks visual core data; drilling holes of uranium ores are mostly single points, the hole depth is shallow, the quantity is small, the holes are not uniformly distributed, uranium ore geological data can directly display uranium mineralization information and a uranium mineralization geological environment, and the exploration of unknown areas is insufficient.
The technical scheme for realizing the invention is as follows:
a method for predicting an ancient valley uranium reservoir by using old seismic data mainly comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: determining the uranium reservoir attribute by using known geological drilling data of uranium ores through a structural criterion, a uranium source criterion, a lithology-lithofacies criterion and a rock geochemistry criterion;
step two: combining a petroleum two-dimensional seismic profile, performing fidelity amplitude-preserving processing on foreigner seismic data, highlighting shallow seismic reflection information, analyzing an ancient valley seismic phase of the seismic profile of a known uranium mine hole, performing wave impedance inversion according to known well wave impedance and seismic wave-front analysis, realizing shallow interpretation and structure recognition of the petroleum seismic profile, and determining the uranium reservoir attribute;
step three: performing combined verification on the uranium reservoir attribute obtained in the step one and the uranium reservoir attribute obtained in the step two, and applying the combined verification to prediction of a uranium reservoir;
the third step comprises the following specific steps: predicting and defining a uranium mineralization favorable zone by combining seismic facies in a low working degree area of uranium ores according to an ancient valley of known well region seismic inversion of drilling river channel sand; firstly, finding out wave impedance data of a drilled ancient river channel well, analyzing the wave impedance data in a crossed manner, determining a threshold range of the wave impedance data, extracting wave impedance data of a development layer section corresponding to the ancient river channel in an inversion wave impedance body according to the determined threshold, and finally determining an ancient river valley distribution range through plane or three-dimensional display; and (3) obtaining a time-depth relation pair after the synthetic record is calibrated, calibrating the specific time depth of the uranium-bearing ancient river sand body drilled on a time section, analyzing the corresponding seismic waveform, and searching the seismic distribution range with similar waveform characteristics by using attributes such as seismic cluster analysis and the like, namely the possible distant view target area.
The construction criterion is as follows: the most favorable structure of sandstone-type uranium mineralization is on a large stable structural slope belt, the sedimentary stratum has certain lift and has a valley undercut form, and the later structural evolution has inheritance to the sedimentary period.
The uranium source criterion is as follows: the abundance of the uranium in the rock strata/body of the source region is high, the quasi-plain is strong, or the target layer and the upper and lower layers of the target layer are uranium-rich layers, and the uranium emigration is obvious.
The lithology-lithofacies criterion is as follows: the sand bodies such as braided rivers, sectorial delta and the like with large development scale and good connectivity have stable 'mud-sand-mud' reservoir structures, the sand bodies are rich in reducing media such as carbon dust, pyrite and the like, and the consolidation degree of rocks is relatively low.
The geochemical rule of the rock is as follows: the geochemical zonation of the rock from oxidation to reduction exists, the oxidation types are mainly interlayer oxidation and diving-interlayer oxidation, the development of the interlayer oxidation zone and the diving-interlayer oxidation zone have certain scales, the distribution boundary of an oxidation zone front line or gray (residual) sand body can be presumed on a plane, and the diagenesis is enriched near the oxidation zone front line or in the gray residual sand body; according to the development condition of the oxide sand bodies in the known well, lithologic-lithofacies analysis is combined, the distribution direction and scale of the oxide sand bodies are identified, the development position and scale of the front edge of the oxide zone are predicted, and the gulf valley sandstone type uranium mineralization distant scenic spot is defined.
The fidelity and amplitude-preserving processing of the seismic data comprises the steps of firstly carrying out frequency domain filtering, setting a band-pass filtering window, and suppressing low-frequency surface waves and other interference signals through effective signals; meanwhile, amplitude preservation processing is carried out on the seismic data through noise suppression, amplitude compensation, wavelet processing and migration imaging means.
The method comprises the steps of analyzing ancient valley seismic facies of seismic sections of known uranium mine holes, obtaining the depth of a high-gamma sandstone section by drilling holes in combination with the uranium mine, then extracting well bypass wavelets, calibrating the high-gamma sandstone in detail, carrying out velocity analysis, and manufacturing a time-depth conversion ruler.
The wave impedance inversion according to the known well wave impedance and seismic wave-front analysis means that firstly, the speed of the underground rock stratum is obtained by utilizing the acoustic wave time difference data of the known well drilling, the speed is multiplied by the density data to obtain well wave impedance data AI, and the reflection coefficient R (t) is extracted according to the well wave impedance data. The formula is as follows:
in the formula，R(ti) Reflection coefficients for the ith and (i + 1) th reflection layers on the well, AI (t)i) The wave impedance of the ith reflection layer on the well, and t is the time depth; then extracting seismic wavelets through well-side seismic data channels, and establishing a geological model through seismic structure interpretation; and introducing a drilled combination model for interpolation to obtain reflection coefficients of all layers, and performing deconvolution on the reflection coefficients and the wavelets to obtain a wave impedance inversion body. And solving reservoir parameters of the unknown area according to the correlation between the known well geological information and the wave impedance inversion body.
The invention has the following effects: the invention provides a new uranium ore prospecting method, aiming at a low working degree area of a uranium ore, firstly, by means of an old two-dimensional petroleum seismic profile, shallow seismic data secondary processing is carried out, stratum identification and comparison are carried out by combining known geological drilling holes of the uranium ore, an isochronous stratum trellis is built, the distribution range and the burial depth of a uranium reservoir in an unknown area are presumed, the uranium ore prospecting working efficiency is greatly improved, drilling verification can be directly and accurately carried out, the investment drilling cost is saved, the blind ore prospecting precision is improved, and a level I distant area favorable for uranium ore formation is particularly trapped in a certain depression of a two-link basin.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a comparison of new and old results of shallow interpretation of a two-dimensional seismic profile in a work area;
FIG. 3 is an X-well synthetic record calibration;
FIG. 4 is a top flat bottom convex valley seismic facies identified by well seismic combination in a certain work area;
FIG. 5 is a schematic geological profile of a work area;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a historic valley seismic section predicted by combining seismic phase and wave impedance inversion in a work area;
in the figure: 1-ancient line + new line; 2-Saohana group upper segment; 3-the lower section of the Saohana group; 4-yellow oxidized sandstone; 5-grey reduced sandstone; 6-angle non-integral boundary line; 7-the rock section boundary line; 8-front edge of oxidation zone; 9-surface boundary line; 10-sandstone-type industrial uranium ore body; 11-uranium ore body
Detailed Description
The method for predicting the ancient valley type uranium reservoir by using old seismic data according to the present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and the flow of the specific embodiment is as shown in fig. 1.
1. Determining the uranium reservoir attribute by using known geological drilling data of uranium ores and through technical methods such as a structural criterion, a uranium source criterion, a lithology-lithofacies criterion, a rock geochemistry criterion and the like;
2. and combining a petroleum two-dimensional seismic profile, performing fidelity amplitude-preserving processing on foreigner seismic data, highlighting shallow seismic reflection information, analyzing the ancient valley seismic phase of the seismic profile of the known uranium mine hole, performing wave impedance inversion according to known well wave impedance and seismic wave-front analysis, realizing shallow interpretation and structure recognition of the petroleum seismic profile, and determining the uranium reservoir property. Finally, combining and verifying the two methods to realize a new technical method for accurately predicting the sandstone-type uranium reservoir in the ancient valley.
The uranium reservoir is as follows: the space capable of providing uranium mineralization fluid transportation and uranium ore storage in the sedimentation basin is the most basic condition for uranium ore formation.
The ancient valley type sandstone uranium reservoir is as follows: the ancient river valley refers to a strip valley formed by the tectonic action in a sedimentary basin, and is filled with alluvial substance and lake sediments in the later period, and a uranium deposit produced in sandstone of the ancient river valley is called as an ancient river valley sandstone uranium deposit.
The construction criterion is as follows: the most favorable structure of the sandstone-type uranium mineralization is on a large stable structural slope zone, a stratum after deposition is inclined to a certain degree and has a valley undercut form, later structural evolution has inheritance to the deposition period, favorable structural conditions are one of necessary conditions of the sandstone-type uranium mineralization, and the structure is favorable for long-term infiltration of oxygen-containing water containing uranium, so that the ancient valley sandstone-type uranium deposit is formed. Shallow interpretation of seismic sections enables accurate identification of the developmental conditions and extent of such structures.
The uranium source criterion is as follows: the abundance of uranium in the material source region rock stratum (body) is high, and the quasi-plain primitive ization is strong, or target layer and upper and lower position are the rich uranium horizon, and the uranium emigration is obvious, and this criterion is one of the basic condition that ancient valley type uranium deposit formed, and abundant uranium source can be along containing uranium oxygen water along the structure slope infiltration deposit basin in, can provide abundant uranium source for ancient valley sandstone type uranium reservoir.
The lithology-lithofacies criterion is as follows: the sand bodies such as braided rivers, sectorial delta and the like with large development scale and good connectivity have stable 'mud-sand-mud' reservoir structures, the sand bodies are rich in reducing media such as carbon dust, pyrite and the like, and the consolidation degree of rocks is relatively low. The lithology-lithofacies development condition controls the development of the ancient valley sandstone reservoir, the ancient valley sandstone reservoir is a migration channel of uranium-containing oxygen-containing water carrying a uranium source, and the spreading form and scale of sand bodies can be predicted according to a shallow seismic profile and known well energy.
The geochemical rule of the rock is as follows: the geochemical zonation of the rock from oxidation to reduction exists, the oxidation types are mainly interlayer oxidation and diving-interlayer oxidation, the development of the interlayer oxidation zone and the diving-interlayer oxidation zone have certain scales, the distribution boundary of an oxidation zone front line or gray (residual) sand body can be presumed on a plane, and the mineralization is enriched near the oxidation zone front line or in the gray residual sand body. According to the development condition of the oxide sand bodies in the known well, lithologic-lithofacies analysis is combined, the distribution direction and scale of the oxide sand bodies are identified, the development position and scale of the front edge of the oxide zone are predicted, and the gulf valley sandstone type uranium mineralization distant scenic spot is defined.
The fidelity and amplitude-preserving processing of the seismic data comprises the steps of firstly carrying out frequency domain filtering, setting a band-pass filtering window, and suppressing low-frequency surface waves and other interference signals through effective signals; meanwhile, amplitude preservation processing is carried out on the seismic data through noise suppression, amplitude compensation, wavelet processing, migration imaging and other means. Highlighting shallow seismic reflection information through seismic data fidelity and amplitude-preserving processing; the data resolution and the imaging effect are improved, and the imaging precision is improved; the forecasting of the sandstone-type uranium reservoir in the ancient river valley and the identification of the fracture structure can be met;
and analyzing the ancient valley seismic facies of the seismic section of the known uranium mine hole. Drilling holes in a uranium mine to obtain the depth of a high-gamma sandstone section, then extracting well bypass wavelets, calibrating the high-gamma sandstone in detail, carrying out speed analysis, and manufacturing a time-depth conversion ruler;
and performing wave impedance inversion according to known well wave impedance and seismic wave-front analysis. Firstly, obtaining the underground rock formation speed by using the known well drilling sound wave time difference data, multiplying the underground rock formation speed by the density data to obtain well wave impedance data AI, and extracting a reflection coefficient R (t) according to the well wave impedance data. The formula is as follows:
in the formula, R (t)i) Reflection coefficients for the ith and (i + 1) th reflection layers on the well, AI (t)i) Is the i-th well
The wave impedance of each reflective layer, t, is the depth in time.
Then, seismic wavelets are extracted through the well-side seismic data traces, and a geological model is built through seismic structure interpretation. And introducing a drilled combination model for interpolation to obtain reflection coefficients of all layers, and performing deconvolution on the reflection coefficients and the wavelets to obtain a wave impedance inversion body. And solving reservoir parameters of the unknown area according to the correlation between the known well geological information and the wave impedance inversion body.
And obtaining a data volume capable of reflecting the plane distribution range and the space distribution characteristics of the sand body according to the inversion.
The two combined verifications are that the uranium mineralization favorable zone is predicted and defined in the uranium mine low working degree area by combining the seismic facies according to the ancient river valley of the known well region seismic inversion of the drilling river channel sand body. The method comprises the steps of firstly finding out wave impedance data of a drilled ancient river channel well, analyzing the wave impedance data in a crossed manner, determining a threshold range of the wave impedance data, extracting wave impedance data of a development interval corresponding to the ancient river channel in an inversion wave impedance body according to the determined threshold, and finally determining the distribution range of the ancient river valley through planar or three-dimensional display. And (3) obtaining a time-depth relation pair after the synthetic record is calibrated, calibrating the specific time depth of the uranium-bearing ancient river sand body drilled on a time section, analyzing the corresponding seismic waveform, and searching the seismic distribution range with similar waveform characteristics by using attributes such as seismic cluster analysis and the like, namely the possible distant view target area.
Fig. 2 identifies large-scale and good-connectivity channel sand bodies with a stable mud-sand-mud structure by drilling a physical uranium ore and combining a construction criterion, a uranium source criterion, a lithology-lithofacies criterion and a rock geochemistry criterion, wherein the sand bodies are rich in reducing media such as carbon chips and pyrite and have a relatively low rock consolidation degree; the uranium reservoir has characteristics of a diving-interlayer oxidation zone, yellow is an after-generated oxidized sandstone, gray is a primary reduced sandstone, a uranium ore body is produced in the gray sandstone at the lower part of a front line of the oxidation zone, and the attribute of the uranium reservoir is finally determined.
Through fidelity and amplitude-preserving processing of a petroleum two-dimensional seismic section, shallow seismic reflection information is highlighted, data resolution and imaging effect are improved by combining uranium ore geological drilling, imaging precision is improved, and the newly processed seismic section shallow river valley form is more obvious and has a uranium reservoir structure of mud-sand-mud as shown in comparison in FIG. 3;
as shown in fig. 4, the research on the correlation between synthetic records and seismic facies shows that the correlation is good in a yellow region, the high-gamma sandstone section has a longitudinal wave impedance box shape and is low in numerical value, the uranium content of the sand body of the target layer is high, the natural gamma numerical value is high, a plurality of peak values are shown, the resistivity curve is large in box shape, and the characteristics of the sand body of the river channel are shown overall.
In the figure 5, a No. 1 uranium ore geological drilling hole is cast on a corresponding petroleum earthquake section, synthetic record calibration is carried out, an ancient valley type tectonic seismic facies typical of a exploration target stratum top flat bottom convex is identified through well-seismic combination, and the seismic facies is a potential uranium reservoir and comprehensively determines the uranium reservoir attribute.
And 6, according to the known uranium deposit drilling and wave impedance and seismic wave-front analysis, wave impedance inversion is carried out, the known ancient valley uranium deposit is obviously identified to be located in an ancient valley seismic phase region of seismic inversion, the uranium reservoir attributes are verified mutually, and a distant scene region is predicted and defined in combination with the seismic phase in the north of the known uranium deposit (a low-working-degree region).
As shown in figures 2-6, the invention is applied to a level I distant view area with a depression in a Liqun basin and favorable uranium mineralization.
Claims (8)
1. A method for predicting an ancient valley uranium reservoir by using old seismic data is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: determining the uranium reservoir attribute by using known geological drilling data of uranium ores through a structural criterion, a uranium source criterion, a lithology-lithofacies criterion and a rock geochemistry criterion;
step two: combining a petroleum two-dimensional seismic profile, performing fidelity amplitude-preserving processing on foreigner seismic data, highlighting shallow seismic reflection information, analyzing an ancient valley seismic phase of the seismic profile of a known uranium mine hole, performing wave impedance inversion according to known well wave impedance and seismic wave-front analysis, realizing shallow interpretation and structure recognition of the petroleum seismic profile, and determining the uranium reservoir attribute;
step three: performing combined verification on the uranium reservoir attribute obtained in the step one and the uranium reservoir attribute obtained in the step two, and applying the combined verification to prediction of a uranium reservoir;
the third step comprises the following specific steps: predicting and defining a uranium mineralization favorable zone by combining seismic facies in a low working degree area of uranium ores according to an ancient valley of known well region seismic inversion of drilling river channel sand; firstly, finding out wave impedance data of a drilled ancient river channel well, analyzing the wave impedance data in a crossed manner, determining a threshold range of the wave impedance data, extracting wave impedance data of a development layer section corresponding to the ancient river channel in an inversion wave impedance body according to the determined threshold, and finally determining an ancient river valley distribution range through plane or three-dimensional display; and (3) obtaining a time-depth relation pair after the synthetic record is calibrated, calibrating the specific time depth of the uranium-bearing ancient river sand body drilled on a time section, analyzing the corresponding seismic waveform, and searching the seismic distribution range with similar waveform characteristics by using attributes such as seismic cluster analysis and the like, namely the possible distant view target area.
2. The method for predicting the uranium reservoir in the valley of the ancient river according to the old seismic data as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the construction criterion is as follows: the most favorable structure of sandstone-type uranium mineralization is on a large stable structural slope belt, the sedimentary stratum has certain lift and has a valley undercut form, and the later structural evolution has inheritance to the sedimentary period.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the uranium source criterion is as follows: the abundance of the uranium in the rock strata/body of the source region is high, the quasi-plain is strong, or the target layer and the upper and lower layers of the target layer are uranium-rich layers, and the uranium emigration is obvious.
4. The method for predicting the uranium reservoir in the valley of the ancient river according to the old seismic data as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the lithology-lithofacies criterion is as follows: the sand bodies such as braided rivers, sectorial delta and the like with large development scale and good connectivity have stable 'mud-sand-mud' reservoir structures, the sand bodies are rich in reducing media such as carbon dust, pyrite and the like, and the consolidation degree of rocks is relatively low.
5. The method for predicting the uranium reservoir in the valley of the ancient river according to the old seismic data as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the geochemical rule of the rock is as follows: the geochemical zonation of the rock from oxidation to reduction exists, the oxidation types are mainly interlayer oxidation and diving-interlayer oxidation, the development of the interlayer oxidation zone and the diving-interlayer oxidation zone have certain scales, the distribution boundary of an oxidation zone front line or gray (residual) sand body can be presumed on a plane, and the diagenesis is enriched near the oxidation zone front line or in the gray residual sand body; according to the development condition of the oxide sand bodies in the known well, lithologic-lithofacies analysis is combined, the distribution direction and scale of the oxide sand bodies are identified, the development position and scale of the front edge of the oxide zone are predicted, and the gulf valley sandstone type uranium mineralization distant scenic spot is defined.
6. The method for predicting the uranium reservoir in the valley of the ancient river according to the old seismic data as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fidelity and amplitude-preserving processing of the seismic data comprises the steps of firstly carrying out frequency domain filtering, setting a band-pass filtering window, and suppressing low-frequency surface waves and other interference signals through effective signals; meanwhile, amplitude preservation processing is carried out on the seismic data through noise suppression, amplitude compensation, wavelet processing and migration imaging means.
7. The method for predicting the uranium reservoir in the valley of the ancient river according to the old seismic data as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the steps of analyzing ancient valley seismic facies of seismic sections of known uranium mine holes, obtaining the depth of a high-gamma sandstone section by drilling holes in combination with the uranium mine, then extracting well bypass wavelets, calibrating the high-gamma sandstone in detail, carrying out velocity analysis, and manufacturing a time-depth conversion ruler.
8. The method for predicting the uranium reservoir in the valley of the ancient river according to the old seismic data as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the wave impedance inversion is carried out according to the known well wave impedance and seismic wave-front analysis, namely, firstly, the speed of an underground rock stratum is obtained by utilizing the known well drilling sound wave time difference data, the speed is multiplied by density data to obtain well wave impedance data AI, and a reflection coefficient R (t) is extracted according to the well wave impedance data; the formula is as follows:
in the formula, R (t)i) Reflection coefficients for the ith and (i + 1) th reflection layers on the well, AI (t)i) The wave impedance of the ith reflection layer on the well, and t is the time depth; then extracting seismic wavelets through well-side seismic data channels, and establishing a geological model through seismic structure interpretation; introducing a drilled combination model for interpolation to obtain reflection coefficients of all layers, and performing deconvolution on the reflection coefficients and wavelets to obtain a wave impedance inversion body; and solving reservoir parameters of the unknown area according to the correlation between the known well geological information and the wave impedance inversion body.
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