CN117191311A - Accelerated vibration test method for product under non-stationary and non-Gaussian vibration of logistics - Google Patents
Accelerated vibration test method for product under non-stationary and non-Gaussian vibration of logistics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an accelerated vibration test method for a product under non-stationary and non-Gaussian vibration excitation of a logistics, which comprises the following steps: the random vibration signal experienced by the product in the stream is decomposed into a series of approximately stationary gaussian vibration signal segments and non-gaussian impact signal segments of different intensities. For each approximately stable Gaussian vibration signal section obtained through decomposition, the Gaussian signal vibration acceleration test method is implemented one by one in the test, and the purpose of shortening the test time is achieved by improving the vibration intensity; for the non-Gaussian impact signal section, the impact damage effect of the impact signal section with larger amplitude in the logistics on the product is equivalently reproduced according to the original strength and time in the test. The invention greatly saves test time and ensures test precision, provides a new method for the accelerated vibration test of the product under the excitation of non-stationary and non-Gaussian random vibration of the logistics, and has important values for effectively protecting the product, reasonably evaluating the product and packaging and saving resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of random vibration acceleration tests, in particular to an acceleration vibration test method for a product under non-stationary and non-Gaussian vibration of a logistics.
Background
The products can reach customers for consumption only through packaging and logistics, and a large number of phenomena of product breakage and functional failure occur in the logistics. With the rapid development of modern logistics, the total logistics amount of the annual society in China is rapidly increased, and the product loss caused by improper package design and protection is huge each year. Meanwhile, a large amount of packaging materials are wasted due to excessive packaging protection. The establishment of a scientific evaluation method for the effectiveness and the moderately of the product transportation package is particularly important and urgent.
In order to evaluate the performance of the product under the condition of logistics vibration and the effectiveness and the moderately packaged product, a laboratory accelerated vibration test becomes an essential important means in practice. The test time is shortened by improving the vibration intensity, and the resource is saved. The product is primarily referred to as a packaged product (product shipping package), and also includes unpackaged products.
The existing product acceleration vibration test method is suitable for stable Gaussian random vibration excitation, and is realized in a laboratory through equations (1) to (4).
Wherein T is (s) And T (r) The laboratory acceleration test and the actual logistics transportation time are respectively,and->Acceleration Root Mean Square (RMS), of laboratory acceleration test and actual logistics transport vibration signals, respectively>And->Single-side acceleration Power Spectral Density (PSD) of laboratory acceleration test and actual physical stream transport vibration signal, respectively, b is a constant related to product material, K sr Is an acceleration scale factor.
For non-gaussian random vibrations, attempts are currently made to achieve this by an approximation method that introduces a non-gaussian correction factor, but it is difficult to equate damage to the product in both laboratory acceleration tests and actual logistics transport. The random vibration signals experienced by the products in the logistics are quite complex and have non-stable, non-Gaussian and impact characteristics, the reason is that the vibration signals have different intensity levels due to different vehicle speeds and road conditions, and the reason is that the vibration signals comprise impact signals with larger amplitude. How to establish a method for testing the accelerated vibration of a product under the excitation of non-stationary and non-Gaussian random vibration of a logistics, and the prior art does not provide a feasible scheme.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the accelerated vibration test method for the product under the condition of non-stable and non-Gaussian vibration of the logistics, so that the damage deviation of a laboratory accelerated signal and a logistics original signal to the product can be controlled within 10%, the test time can be compressed in a larger range as required, and the test precision is ensured while the test time is greatly saved. The product is primarily referred to as a packaged product (product shipping package), and also includes unpackaged products.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
the accelerated vibration test method of the product under the condition of non-stable and non-Gaussian vibration of the logistics comprises the following steps:
s1 signal decomposition:
decomposing a nonstationary and non-Gaussian random vibration signal suffered by a product in a real logistics to obtain n sections of approximate Gaussian signal sections with different intensities and a section of non-Gaussian impact signal section which are connected in series; n is greater than or equal to 1;
the kurtosis of each approximately Gaussian signal section is controlled to be near 3, and is recommended to be within 2.5-3.5;
the kurtosis of the non-Gaussian impact signal section is controlled to be more than 3.5;
s2, accelerated vibration test:
for each approximate Gaussian signal segment, testing is carried out according to a Gaussian signal vibration acceleration test method, so that the vibration intensity is improved, and the test time is shortened;
and (3) carrying out a test on the non-Gaussian impact signal section according to the intensity of the non-Gaussian impact signal section, namely adopting the non-Gaussian impact signal section or adopting a signal section equivalent to the non-Gaussian impact signal section in a statistical sense, wherein the test time is the same as the time of the non-Gaussian impact signal section.
Preferably, in step S1, the non-stationary, non-gaussian random vibration signal experienced by the product in the real stream is decomposed to obtain n sections of approximately gaussian signal sections and one section of non-gaussian impact signal section, which are connected in series, specifically:
the time of the impact signal is positioned by using the moving peak factor, the duration of the impact signal is determined by using a tenth peak method, the threshold value of the moving peak factor is adjusted gradually, and the logistics vibration signal is decomposed into at least one approximately Gaussian signal section and one non-Gaussian impact signal section.
Preferably, the intensities of the approximately gaussian signal segments are different, and the acceleration root mean square value of the i (i=1, 2., n-1) approximately gaussian signal segment is lower than the acceleration root mean square value of the i+1 approximately gaussian signal segment; the acceleration root mean square value of the nth approximate gaussian signal section is lower than the acceleration root mean square value of the non-gaussian impact signal section.
Preferably, when n=2, the time ratio of the first approximately gaussian signal section, the second approximately gaussian signal section and the non-gaussian impact signal section is 20%, 60% and 20%, respectively.
Preferably, in step S2, for each approximately gaussian signal segment, according to a gaussian signal vibration acceleration test method, the vibration intensity is improved, so as to shorten the test time, which specifically includes:
amplifying the power spectral density of each approximate Gaussian signal segment according to an acceleration scale factor to form the excitation power spectral density of a laboratory acceleration vibration test, and compressing the test time of each approximate Gaussian signal segment one by one in the test.
Preferably, the acceleration scale factor takes a value of 1.2 to 2.5.
Preferably, the accelerated vibration test in step S2 is a physical test applied by a test apparatus or a simulation test by numerical calculation.
Preferably, in the accelerated vibration test in step S2, experimental time of the i (i=1, 2,) n-th approximately gaussian signal segmentExpressed by the following formula:
wherein K is sr(i) An acceleration scale factor representing an i-th approximately gaussian signal segment, b representing a parameter related to the product material;representing the time of the ith approximately gaussian signal segment in the stream random vibration signal.
Preferably, the total test time is:
wherein,time of non-gaussian impulse signal segment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) The method is based on the signal characteristics of random vibration of the material flow, decomposes the nonstationary non-Gaussian random vibration signals suffered by the product in the material flow into a series of approximately steady Gaussian vibration signal sections with different intensities, further implements the accelerated vibration test and shortens the test time.
(2) The accelerated vibration test method provided by the invention is used for equivalently reproducing the impact damage effect of the impact signal section with larger amplitude in the logistics on the product in a laboratory, and solving the problems that the impact signal is averaged and the damage is seriously underestimated caused by the existing accelerated vibration test method.
(3) The accelerated vibration test method of the invention can control the damage deviation of the laboratory accelerated signal and the logistics original signal on the product within 10% (the damage deviation of the embodiment is only 2.70%), can compress the test time in a larger range as required, and can greatly save the test time and ensure the test precision.
(4) The signal three-stage method decomposition of the invention is applicable to most logistic vibration conditions, but the signal three-stage method decomposition is only used for illustrating the specific embodiment of the invention. The method of the present invention is not limited to signal three-stage decomposition.
(5) The invention provides a new method for the accelerated vibration test of the product under the condition of non-stable and non-Gaussian random vibration of the logistics, and has important value for effectively protecting the product, reasonably evaluating the product and packaging and saving resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a time domain diagram of a physical distribution vibration signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of low, medium, and high signal segments resulting from the decomposition of a material flow vibration signal in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the original power spectral density of the low and medium signal segments with the power spectral density of the accelerated vibration test after 2-fold amplification in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a time domain plot of an accelerated vibration test signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a product model and its key points for finite element analysis of vibration damage according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a time course of the product key point stress response under the excitation of the physical distribution vibration signal according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a time history of product critical point stress response under accelerated vibration testing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a fatigue life curve of an aluminum alloy material at a product key point of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Examples
The core of the product acceleration vibration test method under non-stable and non-Gaussian random vibration of logistics of the invention is that: the decomposition strategy of the vibration signal is used as a break, and the nonstationary non-Gaussian random vibration signal suffered by the product in the logistics is decomposed into a series of approximately steady Gaussian vibration signal sections with different intensities and a section of impact signal section with larger amplitude. For each approximately stable Gaussian vibration signal section obtained through decomposition, the Gaussian signal vibration acceleration test method is implemented one by one in the test, and the purpose of shortening the test time is achieved by improving the vibration intensity; for the impact signal section with larger amplitude, the test is carried out according to the original strength, and the test time is the same as the impact part time in the logistics.
The analysis steps are as follows:
assuming that the actual physical distribution is unstable and the non-Gaussian random vibration signal is u (t), a moving Peak factor (Moving Crest Factor) and a One-tenth Peak Value method (One-length Peak Value) can be applied, other methods can be also applied, the vibration signal is identified and separated step by step, and the signal is decomposed into n sections of approximate Gaussian signal sections u with different intensities i (t) (i=1, 2,., n) and a non-gaussian impact signal segment u of greater amplitude 0 (t), u (t) is u 0 (t) and u i (t) (i=1, 2,.), n) in series.
For a non-Gaussian impact signal segment u with larger amplitude 0 (t) in the experiment, the non-Gaussian impact signal section u is directly used 0 (t) or generating a statistical sum u 0 (t) etcAnd (3) a signal section for price, and implementing vibration.
Approximate Gaussian signal segment u for different intensities i (t) (i=1, 2,., n) in the test, by a gaussian signal vibration acceleration test method. I.e. by setting a suitable acceleration scaling factor K sr(i) (K sr(i ) > 1), u i (t) (i=1, 2,) power spectral density, nAmplifying by a certain multiple to form excitation power spectral density of each acceleration vibration test>The test is carried out one by one, and the test time of each approximate Gaussian signal segment is compressed. Acceleration scaling factor K of the ith approximation Gaussian signal segment sr(i) Expressed by formula (5), laboratory acceleration test time +.>Represented by formula (6). Total laboratory acceleration test time T (s) The sum of the test time of the non-Gaussian impact signal segment with larger amplitude and the acceleration test time of each approximate Gaussian signal segment is expressed by a formula (7).
In the method, in the process of the invention,and->The time of the non-Gaussian impact signal section and the ith approximate Gaussian signal section with larger amplitude in the actual stream is respectively.
Taking the three-section method of signal decomposition as an example, namely taking the physical distribution vibration signal decomposition as an example of two sections of approximate Gaussian signal sections with different intensities and one section of non-Gaussian impact signal section with larger amplitude, the specific implementation modes are as follows:
(1) By using a moving peak factor and a tenth peak method or other methods, the logistics vibration signal is decomposed into an approximate Gaussian signal section with lower and middle two-section vibration level and a non-Gaussian impact signal section with larger amplitude by adjusting the vibration intensity threshold value, which are respectively called as low, middle and high signal sections. In order to ensure better accelerated vibration test precision, it is preferable to decompose the material flow vibration signal into a low signal section with a time ratio of 20%, a medium signal section with a time ratio of 60% and a high signal section with a time ratio of 20%.
(2) For the high signal section with the time ratio of 20%, vibration is implemented directly by using the high signal section or generating statistically equivalent high signal section, and the test time is the same as the action time of the high signal section in the material flow.
(3) And respectively taking proper acceleration scale factors (recommended values between 1.2 and 2.5) for a low signal section and a middle signal section with the time ratio of 20 percent, amplifying the power spectral densities of the low signal section and the middle signal section according to the acceleration scale factors to form excitation power spectral densities of a laboratory acceleration vibration test, and compressing the test time of the low signal section and the middle signal section one by one in the test.
Taking the physical flow random vibration signal in fig. 1 as an example, the specific implementation process of the product acceleration vibration test method under physical flow non-stationary and non-Gaussian random vibration of the invention is as follows:
(1) And (5) signal decomposition. For the random vibration signal of the material flow shown in fig. 1, the occurrence moment of the impact signal with larger amplitude is positioned by using the moving peak factor, the duration of the impact signal is determined by using a tenth peak method, the moving peak factor threshold value is adjusted successively, and the vibration signal of the material flow is decomposed into a low signal section with 20% of time, a middle signal section with 60% of time and a high signal section with 20% of time shown in fig. 2.
The statistical parameters of the logistic vibration signals and the low, medium and high signal sections are shown in table 1. The data in table 1 indicate that: the kurtosis of the logistics vibration signal is 6.9009, which is far more than 3 and is a non-Gaussian vibration signal; the kurtosis of the low and medium signal sections is near 3, the deflection is close to 0, the root mean square value of the acceleration is 0.1835g and 0.2833g, and the signal sections can be regarded as two sections of approximate Gaussian signal sections with different vibration levels; the high signal section kurtosis is 5.1312, which is far greater than 3, and the acceleration root mean square value is 0.4925g, which can be considered as the impact signal section with larger amplitude.
(2) And (5) accelerating vibration test. The values of the accelerated vibration test protocol of this example are shown in Table 2. And (3) comparing the original power spectral density of the low and medium signal sections with the acceleration scale factor of 2 and the power spectral density of the acceleration vibration test after 2 times of amplification with the acceleration scale factor of 2 for the low and medium signal sections decomposed in the step (1) is shown in figure 3. And carrying out frequency domain-time domain conversion on the power spectral density of the acceleration vibration test of the low and medium signal segments by using MATLAB, and combining the time domain signals of the high signal segment to obtain the time domain excitation signals required by the acceleration vibration test, as shown in figure 4. Fig. 4 shows that: in the accelerated vibration test, the vibration intensity of the low and medium signal sections is improved, the time is respectively compressed from 20s and 60s to 1.25s and 3.75s, the compression ratio is 1/16, and the vibration intensity and time of the high signal section are kept unchanged, and the total time compression ratio is 1/4 (table 2).
(3) And (5) a finite element model of the product. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a product model and its key points for finite element analysis of vibration damage according to an embodiment of the present invention. Considering that a general product is composed of a machine body and parts, for the general nature of a finite element model, the product model constructed in this embodiment is composed of an outer frame structure, a cantilever structure and a column structure. The outer frame represents the body of the product, the cantilever and upright post structures represent two key parts of the product, and the two key parts are respectively connected with a mass block and represent the mass of the parts. The key point A of the product model is the joint of the cantilever and the outer frame. The material parameters of the model body and the parts are shown in Table 3.
(4) And (5) damage comparison. And analyzing the key point stress and damage of the product under the two conditions of logistics vibration signals and accelerated vibration tests by using a finite element method. FIG. 6 is a time history of the product's critical point stress response under the excitation of a logistic vibration signal, and FIG. 7 is a time history of the product's critical point stress response under the acceleration vibration test. In combination with the fatigue life curve (fig. 8) of the aluminum alloy material at the product key point, the damage amount at the product key point is calculated by using a rain flow method and a linear cumulative damage criterion, and table 4 is a table of damage comparison data at the product key point under the physical distribution vibration signal excitation and acceleration vibration test of the embodiment of the present invention. Table 4 shows that: the damage error at the key point of the product under the acceleration vibration test and the excitation of the logistics vibration signal is only 2.70%, and the total time compression of the acceleration vibration test is 1/4 (table 2). The invention greatly saves test time and ensures test precision.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
TABLE 3 Table 3
TABLE 4 Table 4
The embodiments described above are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the embodiments described above, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The accelerated vibration test method for the product under the condition of non-stable and non-Gaussian vibration of the logistics is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1 signal decomposition:
decomposing a nonstationary non-Gaussian random vibration signal subjected to a product in a real logistics to obtain n sections of approximate Gaussian signal sections with different intensities and a non-Gaussian impact signal section which are connected in series; n is greater than or equal to 1;
the kurtosis of each approximately Gaussian signal section is controlled within the range of 2.5-3.5;
the kurtosis of the non-Gaussian impact signal section is controlled to be more than 3.5;
s2, accelerated vibration test:
for each approximate Gaussian signal segment, according to a Gaussian signal vibration acceleration test method, the vibration intensity is improved, and the test time is shortened;
the non-Gaussian impact signal section is implemented according to the intensity of the non-Gaussian impact signal section, namely the non-Gaussian impact signal section is adopted or the signal section equivalent to the non-Gaussian impact signal section in statistical sense is adopted, and the test time is the same as the time of the non-Gaussian impact signal section.
2. The method for testing the accelerated vibration of the product under the non-stationary and non-gaussian vibration of the material flow according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the non-stationary and non-gaussian random vibration signal, which is undergone by the product in the real material flow, is decomposed to obtain n sections of approximately gaussian signal sections and one section of non-gaussian impact signal section which are connected in series, specifically:
the time of the impact signal is positioned by using the moving peak factor, the duration of the impact signal is determined by using a tenth peak method, the threshold value of the moving peak factor is adjusted gradually, and the logistics vibration signal is decomposed into at least one approximately Gaussian signal section and one non-Gaussian impact signal section.
3. The method for testing the acceleration vibration of the product under the non-stationary and non-gaussian vibration of the logistics according to claim 2, wherein the intensities of the approximate gaussian signal sections are different, and the acceleration root mean square value of the i (i=1, 2, …, n-1) approximate gaussian signal section is lower than the acceleration root mean square value of the i+1 approximate gaussian signal section; the acceleration root mean square value of the nth approximate gaussian signal section is lower than the acceleration root mean square value of the non-gaussian impact signal section.
4. The method for accelerated vibration testing of a product under non-stationary, non-gaussian vibration of a stream according to claim 3, wherein the time ratio of the first approximately gaussian signal section, the second approximately gaussian signal section, and the non-gaussian impact signal section is 20%, 60%, and 20%, respectively, when n=2.
5. The accelerated vibration testing method of products under non-stationary and non-gaussian vibration of a material flow according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, for each of the approximately gaussian signal segments, according to the gaussian signal vibration acceleration testing method, the vibration intensity is improved, and the test time is shortened, specifically:
amplifying the power spectral density of each approximate Gaussian signal segment according to an acceleration scale factor to form the excitation power spectral density of a laboratory acceleration vibration test, and compressing the test time of each approximate Gaussian signal segment one by one in the test.
6. The method for testing the accelerated vibration of a product under non-stationary and non-Gaussian vibration of a material flow according to claim 5, wherein the acceleration scale factor is 1.2-2.5.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the accelerated vibration test in step S2 is a physical test applied by a test apparatus or a simulation test by numerical calculation.
8. The method for accelerated vibration testing of a product under non-stationary, non-gaussian vibration of a physical distribution according to claim 1, wherein in said accelerated vibration testing in step S2, the i (i=1, 2, …, n) th segment approximates the experimental time of the gaussian signal segmentExpressed by the following formula:
wherein K is sr(i) An acceleration scale factor representing the i-th segment approximately gaussian signal segment, b representing a constant associated with the product material;representing the time of the i-th segment of the random vibration signal to approximate the gaussian signal segment.
9. The method for accelerated vibration testing of a product under non-stationary, non-gaussian vibration of a stream according to claim 8, wherein the total test time is:
wherein,time of non-gaussian impulse signal segment.
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