CN1171880A - Selection and breeding method for crossbred orchid - Google Patents
Selection and breeding method for crossbred orchid Download PDFInfo
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- CN1171880A CN1171880A CN 97103288 CN97103288A CN1171880A CN 1171880 A CN1171880 A CN 1171880A CN 97103288 CN97103288 CN 97103288 CN 97103288 A CN97103288 A CN 97103288A CN 1171880 A CN1171880 A CN 1171880A
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Abstract
The selection and breeding method of hybrid orchidacean includes such processes as introduction and acclimatization of orchidaceae plant, interspecific distant hybridization and hybrid embryo culture, selecting and using phaius grandifolius which is introduced and acclimatized for 10-20 years, stroing in cold resistance, beautiful in flower form, bright in colour, different in frangrance and possesses 4-5 pairs of relative characters as parent plant to make artificial hybridization and F1-generation hybrid embryo culture so as to cultivate new species of phaius grandifolius. In addition to obvious hybrid vigor, the four new interspecific distant hybrid species of Phaius cultured by using said invented method are superior to parent plant in flower form, thickness of floral envelope, colour and florescence, etc..
Description
The invention belongs to the plant hybridization breeding technical field, relate in particular to the orchid family Phaius flavus Blume Lindl. plant hybridization breeding technique category.
About 50 kinds of the orchid family Phaius flavus Blume Lindl. whole world, be distributed in Tropical Africa, Asia and Oceania, mun orchid (Phaius tankervilliae) the giving birth to of sylvan life wetland of making a living blue large-scalely, the tall and big magnificence of scape, flower is very large, the red white dichromatism of pattern divides lining inside and outside flower garden ornamental plants, extensively is subjected to welcome among the people.Yet the existence of orchid relies on certain ecotope, fells because the forest large tracts of land is crushing, has destroyed ecotope, causes that a large amount of orchids are on the brink of extinction.At present actively utilize the fine germplasm resources of orchid to carry out the research of seed selection kind, the new varieties that large scale cultivating is good to setting up the orchid production base, are carried out batch production production, further enrich world's orchid germ plasm resource, and it is significant to beautify the people's lives aspect.And the less in the world crossbreeding of carrying out the Phaius flavus Blume Lindl. plant at present.
The object of the present invention is to provide Phaius flavus Blume Lindl. plant hybridization breeding technique, for the artificial culture mun orchid provides a kind of method.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The selection of crossbred orchid, comprise orchid introduction and acclimatization, interspecific hybridization, hybrid embryo culture, the mun orchid that select introduction and acclimatization 10-20, cold hardiness is strong, the flower type is attractive in appearance, bright in colour, odor type is different, has four to five pairs of relativity is that hybrid strain carries out artificial hybridization, F
1For the hybrid embryo culture.
Said method can select mun orchid (Phaius tankervilliae) and variegated leaf mun orchid (Phaiusflavus) to carry out quadrature and reciprocal cross for the parent.
Said method can select high stem mun orchid (Phaius longicruris) and mountain of papers mun orchid (Phaiuswenshanensis) to carry out quadrature and reciprocal cross for the parent.
In order to understand flesh and blood of the present invention better, further describe technical solution of the present invention and beneficial effect compared with the prior art below in conjunction with accompanying drawing of the present invention and with embodiment, but content of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Fig. 1 is mun orchid (Phaius tankervilliae) seed * 40 times enlarged drawings;
Fig. 2 is 155 days protocorm (Protocorm) * 10 a times enlarged drawing of mun orchid (Phaius tankervilliae) sowing;
Fig. 3 be mun orchid (Phaius tankervilliae) sowing 210 days filamentous * 1 times enlarged drawing;
Fig. 4 is 260 days leaf primordium * 6.3 a times enlarged drawing of mun orchid (Phaius tankervilliae) sowing;
Fig. 5 is 270-290 days true leaf * 6.3 a times enlarged drawing of mun orchid (Phaius tankervilliae) sowing;
Fig. 6 is that 360-540 days bottle outlet of mun orchid (Phaius tankervilliae) sowing is transplanted seedling figure.
Embodiment one:
1, selection of hybrid strain and cross method: after distribution arctogaean realm or the highest strong fine individual plant of cold resistance of height above sea level carried out the artificial cultivation domestication, select that cold hardiness is strong, the flower type is attractive in appearance, bright in colour, odor type is different, have the mun orchid (Phaius tankervilliae) (leaf green, flower reddish brown, spend big, pseudobulb, the round prismatic of ovum, tool five ribs) of four to five pairs of relativity and variegated leaf mun orchid (Phaius flavus) (the green tool macula lutea of leaf, brightly yellowish look, spend little, pseudobulb, taper shape) to carry out quadrature and reciprocal cross for the parent:
Combination one: Phaius flavus X Phaius tankervilliae---F
1The red lip mun orchid of fragrant flower;
Combination two: Phaius tankervilliae X Phaius flavus----F
1Purple lip mun orchid.
Method is particularly: select the parent's flower of back in 1-2 days of blooming, hybridize in the morning of fine day, with the toothpick of sharpening anther cap is chosen, with toothpick the pollinium of male flower is chosen and be bonded on the muciparous column cap in female flower gynostemium top.
2, colored speckle appears in ovary situation of change after the observation artificial supplementary pollination on capsule, carries out aseptic seeding when embryo begins maturation.
3, aseptic seeding and embryo culture: select the big capsule of capsule variable color phase particle, at first wipe clean the capsule surface with 75% alcohol swabs, then with 1 ‰ mercuric chloride sterilization 20-30 minute, use 75% alcohol disinfecting after 15 minutes again, the capsule base of fruit is cut, on aseptic culture dish filter paper, cut capsule then, seed is taken out pour in the sowing bottle; Can not sow immediately yet, capsule can be put into 7-10 ℃ refrigerator and store.
Consisting of of medium: the minimal medium of seed germination is 1/2MS medium+K.T0.05mg/L+IAA1.5Mg/L; The branch seedling medium of former spheroid Cheng Miaohou is that V.W interpolation 200g potato is boiled the filtered fluid after 20 minutes; Sucrose concentration is 2%-3%, and agar consumption is 0.7%-1%.
In order to guarantee the uniformity of experiment material, each handles used sowing material, adopts the seed of same capsule, the bottle number that each hybrid is broadcast is identical, bottleneck is being with wrapping the rubber stopper jam-pack of one deck gauze, the temperature 25+3 of culturing room ℃, adds light cultivation in 10 hours every day with 2 40W fluorescent lamps.Aseptic mun orchid hybrid seed is broadcast in the blake bottle, shaken the sterile liquid in the bottle, seed is uniformly dispersed.The plant F that the red lip mun orchid of positive and negative friendship offspring-fragrant flower of table one mun orchid and variegated leaf mun orchid, purple lip mun orchid provide the plant of pollen to accept pollen
1For hybrid plant Phaius tankervilliae Phaius flavus Phaius Joan Hart No1Phaius flavus Phaius tankervilliae Phaius Joan Hart No2
Parent's biological character is: leaf is green, the tool macula lutea for variegated leaf mun orchid (Phaius flavus), and pattern is yellow, and the pseudobulb taper shape is spent little; Mun orchid (Phaius tankervilliae) leaf is green, and pattern is a reddish brown, and pseudobulb ovum circle rhombus, tool five ribs are spent big.
The red lip mun orchid of crossbreed fragrant flower (Phaius Joan Hart No1 G.Coram 1986) that is got by last two parent's quadratures carries out artificial hybridization in July 3 nineteen eighty-two, on July 20th, 1988 hybrid bloom first.Its biological character is:
Give birth to orchid, the green macula lutea that spills of leaf large-scalely; Scape is upright, and long 40-45cm opens 6-8 flower first; Open 8-20 flower the 5th time; Flower footpath 9.2cm, the perianth outside is yellow, interior orange red, the lip redness, the light sweet fragrance of a flower, the fragrance exquisiteness, band powder perfume (or spice), large-scale cut-flower, March at florescence is to August.
The purple lip mun orchid of crossbreed (Phaius Joan Hart No2) that is got by last two parent's reciprocal cross carries out artificial hybridization in July 3 nineteen eighty-two, and on July 20th, 1989 bloomed first.Its biological character is:
Give birth to orchid, leaf is green large-scalely; Scape is upright, long 45-60cm, and flower footpath 9.5cm, the perianth outside is yellow, interior orange red, the lip purple, hot fragrant flower perfume (or spice), cut-flower is bloomed to August June.
With the bloom leaf of plant of the red lip mun orchid of parent's mun orchid, variegated leaf mun orchid and hybrid fragrant flower, purple lip mun orchid is material, do the test of isodynamic enzyme esterase zymogram, the result is that the F1 of the red lip mun orchid of fragrant flower, purple lip mun orchid has significant difference, four super close enzyme bands of hybrid tool for hybrid and isodynamic enzyme enzyme maternal, male parent.
Embodiment two:
Operate by method described in the embodiment one:
Select four pairs of tangible mun orchids of relativity of 20 years tools of introduction and acclimatization to hybridize:
Combination three: high stem mun orchid (phaius longicruris) * mountain of papers crane Xiang Lan (Phaiuswenshanensis)----F1 a peacock flaunting its tail mun orchid (Phaius Fragrant Peacock Nol LiuFang yuan 1995)
Combination four: mountain of papers mun orchid (Phaius wenshanensis) * high stem mun orchid (Phaiuslongicruris)----F
1Red a peacock flaunting its tail mun orchid (Phaius Fragrant Peacock No2 LiuFang yuan)
Carry out artificial hybridization, aseptic seeding and embryo culture, result such as table two by method described in the embodiment one:
The plant F that the filial generation of high stem mun orchid of table two and mountain of papers mun orchid---a peacock flaunting its tail mun orchid, red a peacock flaunting its tail mun orchid provide the plant of pollen to accept pollen
1For hybrid plant Phaius wenshanensis Phaius longicruris Phaius Fragrant Peacock No1Phaius longicruris Phaius wenshanensis Phaius Fragrant Peacock No2
Parent's biological character is: mountain of papers mun orchid (Phaius wenshanensis) premium look, no fragrance, pseudobulb quality cellulosic, the thin clavate of shape, the wealthy oval of blade profile; The grey green of high stem mun orchid (Phaiuslongicruris), the little perfume (or spice) of fragrance, pseudobulb quality meat, shape elongated cylindrical, leaf oblong, tool long-tail.
The crossbreed a peacock flaunting its tail mun orchid (Phaius Fragrant PeacockNo1 Liu Fang-Yuan 1995) that is got by last two parent's quadratures carries out artificial hybridization September nineteen eighty-two, blooms first in 1989.Its biological property is:
Pseudobulb is bar-shaped, long 10-25cm; Two-three of scapes are risen from second, third joint pseudobulb respectively, bloom 2-6 for the first time, open 6-16 flower the 5th time, flower footpath 7.5cm, and the perianth yellow, lip is by the leucismus Huang, and long apart from 1.2cm, the top is straight, little perfume (or spice), potted flower, September at florescence is to November.
The red a peacock flaunting its tail mun orchid of crossbreed (Phaius FrangrantPeacock No2 Liu Fang-Yuan 1995) that is got by last two parent's reciprocal cross is in artificial hybridization in September, 1989, first in September, 1993 in flowering stage.Its biological property is:
Ground is given birth to blue; The long 20-27cm of pseudobulb, diameter 1.5cm, 2 of scapes are risen long 24-27cm from second, third joint of pseudobulb respectively, open for the first time 2-5 flower, open 6-12 flower for the second time, flower footpath 7.2cm, perianth and lip are red by leucismus, apart from the top bending, reach 1cm, potted flower, little perfume (or spice); The 9-11 month in flowering stage.
Leaf with the plant that blooms of the high stem mun orchid of parent, mountain of papers mun orchid and hybrid a peacock flaunting its tail mun orchid, red a peacock flaunting its tail mun orchid is a material, does the test of isodynamic enzyme zymogram, and the result is the F of a peacock flaunting its tail mun orchid, red a peacock flaunting its tail mun orchid
1Do not have significant difference for hybrid and isodynamic enzyme enzyme band maternal, male parent, show this two F
1Esterase zymogram for hybrid forms for parents' enzyme band merges.
Under cold temperature (5-30 ℃) chamber cultivation condition, the ontogeny cycle of four hybrids of mun orchid and Phaius flavus Blume Lindl. was six anniversaries, the i.e. nascent pseudobulb that is formed by seed germination, axillalry bud are sprouted and are formed secondary pseudobulb, give birth to pseudobulbs to five through three lives pseudobulb, four and give birth to the pseudobulb stages.When the heavy snow climate and other natural phenomena of a season, form bud, enter the person's character dormancy, take out Roripa 7 days-January 30 December in next year and be unearthed, bloom, solid generation second generation seed.Under temperature suitable (10-30 ℃), mn situation, the ontogeny cycle can shift to an earlier date, otherwise then delays 1-1.5.
Below with the parent of experimental result explanation the present invention employing and sexual propagation and the life cycle of crossbreed thereof:
Material and method:
Four hybrid strains and four hybrid combinations are selected in this experiment for use, carry out the form comparative studies of plant, parental plant Phaius tankervilliae (mun orchid); Phaius flavus (variegated leaf mun orchid); Phaiuslongicruris (high stem mun orchid) and Phaius wenshanensis (mountain of papers mun orchid) be introduction and acclimatization 10 years, and plant blossom carries out artificial supplementary pollination and hybridization, sows with the capsule of variable color phase.
Used medium is the MS that changes a little in the test, and added the not K.T.2 of concentration, 4-D and IAA, sucrose concentration is 2-3%, agar consumption is 1%, medium be respectively charged in the triangular flask of 50-150 milliliter (for seed germination and seedling transplant with), wet pressing (1.05Kg/ square centimeter) sterilization 15-20 minute.
Behind the capsule surface sterilizing, sow under the aseptic condition of superclean bench, seeding quantity is about 100 every bottle, after planting is placed on the cultivation of germinateing in 25+3 ℃ the culturing room.
Experimental result:
By four combinations:
Combination one: Phaius flavus X Phaius tankervilliae----F
1The red lip mun orchid of fragrant flower
Combination two: Phaius tankervilliae X Phaius flavus---F
1Purple lip mun orchid
Combination three: Phaius longicruris X Phaius wenshanens is----F
1The a peacock flaunting its tail mun orchid
Combination four: Phaius wenshanensis X Phaius iongicruris----F
1Red a peacock flaunting its tail mun orchid
Obtained capsule respectively, germinateed, now be illustrated with the process of mun orchid (Phaius tankervilliae) seed germination and the process (seeing Fig. 1-6) that seedling morphology builds up at the MS medium upper seeding wheel that changes a little:
One, form, the structure of mun orchid (Phaius tankervilliae) seed:
Fig. 1 is mun orchid seed * 40 times enlarged drawings, and the mun orchid seed is very tiny, and naked eyes are difficult to explanation, are prismatic, and it does not have endosperm, has only an ovate embryo, and outer bread annular thickening (of cell wall) and is difficult for permeable kind skin.
Fig. 2 is 155 days protocorm (Protocorm) * 10 times enlarged drawing of mun orchid sowing, during the mun orchid seed sprouting, and the embryo swollen length that absorbs water, embryo is grown up gradually, breaks out from an end of kind of skin, shows spheroidal, is called former spheroid (Protocorm).
Fig. 3 for mun orchid sowing 210 days filamentous * 10 times enlarged drawing, the former at this moment spheroid propagation of mun orchid at base portion and middle part, many single celled thread projections occur, is called thread (Papillae).
Fig. 4 is 260 days leaf primordium * 6.3 times enlarged drawing of mun orchid sowing, and the former spheroid of mun orchid this moment protrudes gradually and forms phyllogen stem (Leaf Primordium), and whole former spheroid becomes green by tender white.
Fig. 5 is 270-290 days true leaf * 6.3 a times enlarged drawing of mun orchid sowing, and behind the leaf one-tenth sheath of the group shape leaf, leaf primordium grows up to first, second and the 3rd true leaf in succession, and blade increases gradually.
Fig. 6 transplants seedling figure for 360-540 days bottle outlet of mun orchid sowing, this seedling is through after 70-250 days the cultivation, and when former spheroid successively grew first, second and third true root in succession, the seedling seedling age reached 1 year to a year and a half, existing 3-4 sheet leaf and Gen Shi can plant with bog moss by bottle outlet.
In carrying out mun orchid cut-flower rearing new variety process, select hybrid strain and suitable culture base, add the kind proportioning of hormone, suitable bottle outlet transplanting medium, during the seedling basket is planted and seedlings are potted plant or setting date between management, be important technical links.
The beneficial effect that compared with the prior art said method exists is:
1, adopting artificial hybridization and aseptic seeding, embryo culture technique to select the mun orchid new varieties is a new breakthrough;
2, select that cold hardiness is strong, the flower type is attractive in appearance, bright in colour, odor type is different, have the mun orchid (Phaius tankervilliae) (leaf green, flower reddish brown, spend big, the round prismatic of pseudobulb ovum, tool five ribs) of four pairs of relativity and variegated leaf mun orchid (Phaius flavus) (the green tool macula lutea of leaf, brightly yellowish look, spend little, pseudobulb is conical) carry out quadrature and reciprocal cross and select four pairs of tangible mun orchids of relativity of introduction and acclimatization to hybridize for the parent:
That is: high stem mun orchid (Phaius longicruris) * mountain of papers crane Xiang Lan (Phaiuswenshanensis)----F
1A peacock flaunting its tail mun orchid (Phaius Fragrant Peacock No1 LiuFang yuan 1995)
Mountain of papers crane Xiang Lan (Phaius menshanensis) * high stem mun orchid (Phaius longicruris)----F
1Red a peacock flaunting its tail mun orchid (Phaius Fragrant Peacock No2 Liu Fang yuan) has been established better basis for cultivating good new varieties.Therefore the new varieties of seed selection success are very peculiar, have significant hybrid vigour.New varieties are cytoplasmic inheritance, and quadrature, reciprocal cross always show maternal proterties.
3, hybridize the requirement that the new varieties that meet cut-flower, potted flower new varieties, not only cold-resistant in the land cultivation of middle subtropical zone area, and also petal is thicker, fragrance is denseer, the florescence is longer;
4, the present invention meets in the recent period orchid crossbreeding target in the world, promptly cultivates Da Hua, delicate fragrance, different cut-flower, the potted flower new varieties of pattern, the light sweet fragrance of a flower of the colored tool of the red lip mun orchid of fragrant flower wherein, fragrance exquisiteness, band powder perfume (or spice); Hua Xinxiang, the fragrance of a flower of purple lip mun orchid; The a peacock flaunting its tail mun orchid and the simple and elegant fragrance of a flower of red a peacock flaunting its tail mun orchid tool.
5, four interspecific hybridization new varieties of the Phaius flavus Blume Lindl. of cultivating with the inventive method except that having tangible hybrid vigour, are all far winning the parent aspect flower type, perianth thickness, flower number, pattern, florescence and the fragrance.Wherein the red lip mun orchid of fragrant flower has strong delicate fragrance.
Claims (3)
1, the selection of crossbred orchid, comprise orchid introduction and acclimatization, interspecific hybridization, hybrid embryo culture, the mun orchid that it is characterized in that selecting introduction and acclimatization 10-20, cold hardiness is strong, the flower type is attractive in appearance, bright in colour, odor type is different, has four to five pairs of relativity is that hybrid strain carries out artificial hybridization, F
1For the hybrid embryo culture.
2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that selecting mun orchid (Phaiustankervilliae) and variegated leaf mun orchid (Phaius flavus) to carry out quadrature and reciprocal cross for the parent.
3, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that selecting high stem mun orchid (Phaiuslongicruris) and mountain of papers mun orchid (Phaius wenshanensis) to carry out quadrature and reciprocal cross for the parent.
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| CN97103288A CN1076159C (en) | 1997-05-09 | 1997-05-09 | Selection and breeding method for crossbred orchid |
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| CN97103288A CN1076159C (en) | 1997-05-09 | 1997-05-09 | Selection and breeding method for crossbred orchid |
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| CN1171880A true CN1171880A (en) | 1998-02-04 |
| CN1076159C CN1076159C (en) | 2001-12-19 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104255492A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2015-01-07 | 东莞市生物技术研究所 | A seedling raising method for preventing hybrid lambaira virus |
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| JPH07255300A (en) * | 1994-03-25 | 1995-10-09 | Meiji Seika Kaisha Ltd | Production of transgenic ochidaceous plant |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104255492A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2015-01-07 | 东莞市生物技术研究所 | A seedling raising method for preventing hybrid lambaira virus |
| CN104255492B (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2016-11-30 | 东莞市生物技术研究所 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings preventing hybrid orchid to visit wire drawing virus |
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