CN117187797A - Refractory metal part repairing method based on supersonic laser deposition technology - Google Patents
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- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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Abstract
A refractory metal part repairing method based on a supersonic laser deposition technology comprises the following steps: degreasing and roughening the surface to be repaired of the refractory metal part; refractory metal powder with the same components is selected for cyclic cryogenic treatment; clamping the component on the mechanical arm, programming the mechanical arm, and optimizing the action track of the component; drying in a powder drying oven, loading into a powder feeding tank, and obtaining a deposition layer with a certain thickness through a supersonic laser deposition technology platform; carrying out stress relief heat treatment on the deposited layer; and (5) machining. The invention adopts the supersonic laser deposition technology to repair the refractory metal component, the process is reasonable and easy to operate, the repair effect is good, the deposition process combines the cold spraying characteristic and the laser heat advantage, the prepared deposition layer has good bonding strength with the matrix, the invention has the characteristics of no component change, controllable thickness and compactness, and the repaired component has excellent mechanical property and lower cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of surface remanufacturing, and relates to a refractory metal part repairing method based on a supersonic laser deposition technology.
Background
With the continuous improvement of technical index requirements of the military equipment field and national economy life on rockets, high-temperature furnaces, engines and the like, equipment components have higher requirements on high-temperature resistance and the like, refractory metals (W, nb, mo, ta, V, re and the like) with high melting points and excellent high-temperature performance can better meet the performance index requirements, but the refractory metal components with high hardness are easy to generate failure forms such as abrasion and the like due to long-term service in severe environments, and compared with the replacement of new components, the method for repairing the components by adopting a reliable surface remanufacturing technology is an effective means for saving more energy and more cost.
At present, the repairing means of refractory metals mainly comprise laser cladding, thermal spraying, cold spraying and other technologies. The laser cladding and the thermal spraying relate to the high-temperature melting process of the coating/substrate, the heat input is larger, and the coating has the heat-induced adverse effects of phase change, dilution, decomposition and the like, so that the performance of the coating is influenced; cold spraying is a method for realizing powder particle deposition based on plastic deformation (without melting) of materials, and although the method can avoid thermally-induced adverse effects existing in laser cladding and thermal spraying, the method has certain requirements on the plastic deformation capability of deposited materials, particularly in the process of depositing refractory metals which are high-hardness low-plastic materials, the problems of low deposition efficiency, poor coating compactness, weak interface bonding and the like exist due to the limited plastic deformation capability of the powder particles. In addition, in the cold spraying process, in order to obtain a sufficient deposition speed, expensive helium is generally adopted as carrier gas, and high requirements are also imposed on the properties (such as morphology, granularity distribution and the like) of the deposited powder, which greatly increases the cost and is not suitable for engineering production and application. Therefore, there is a need to develop a low cost, high performance refractory metal component repair technique.
The supersonic laser deposition technology is developed on the basis of cold spraying, and utilizes a laser beam with high energy density to instantaneously heat sprayed particles and matrix materials, so that the plastic rheology of the materials is enhanced, the plastic deformation capacity and the deposition behavior of the materials are regulated and controlled, and the supersonic laser deposition technology is an effective way for realizing the deposition of high-melting-point brittle materials. The ultrasonic laser deposition technology is taken as an emerging technology, and the currently disclosed patent is mainly focused on the development of deposition equipment, such as China patent No. 202120721537.2, which is equipment for repairing corrosion on the inner wall of a pipeline based on the ultrasonic laser deposition technology. The application of deposition materials is rarely mentioned, and in particular, the application of supersonic laser deposition technology to refractory metal materials is not reported at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a refractory metal part repairing method based on a supersonic laser deposition technology, which has the characteristics of reasonable process, good repairing effect and low cost, and the prepared deposited layer is compact, has good bonding strength with a matrix, and has excellent mechanical properties after repairing.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a refractory metal part repairing method based on a supersonic laser deposition technology is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Degreasing and roughening the surface to be repaired of the refractory metal part;
2) Selecting refractory metal powder with the same components as those of the refractory metal part, and performing circulating cryogenic treatment;
3) Clamping the part to be repaired processed in the step 1) on a mechanical arm through a tool, programming the mechanical arm, and optimizing the movement track of the part to ensure that the movement track is consistent with the basic surface to be repaired, namely, the distance from a deposition point to a spray gun is always kept constant, and the tangential direction of the deposition point is always perpendicular to the spray gun;
4) Drying the powder treated in the step 2) in a drying oven at 50-70 ℃ for 0.5-2 h, taking out, loading into a powder feeding tank, and depositing by a supersonic laser deposition technology platform in a mode of fixing a spray gun and a laser device and driving a part by a mechanical arm to move so as to obtain a deposition layer with a certain thickness;
5) Carrying out stress relief heat treatment on the deposition layer obtained in the step 4);
6) And 5) machining the deposited layer treated in the step 5) to remove the rough redundant surface, and forming a smooth surface meeting the requirements of component dimensional tolerance, form and position tolerance and roughness.
Preferably, the refractory metal component in the step 1) is one or more of tungsten, niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, vanadium and rhenium.
Further, the surface to be repaired in the step 1) may be a plane surface or a curved surface or a complex surface composed of a plane surface and a curved surface.
Preferably, the roughening treatment in the step 1) is sand blasting roughening or laser roughening.
Further, the refractory metal powder in the step 2) is prepared by an electric explosion method or a plasma atomization method, the shape of the powder is solid or porous spherical or spheroidic, and the particle size distribution range is 15-45 μm.
Further, it is characterized in that: the process of the circulating cryogenic treatment in the step 2) comprises the following steps: keeping the refractory metal powder in a cryogenic treatment box at the temperature of between 150 ℃ below zero and 100 ℃ below zero for 5 to 15 minutes, taking out and standing for 5+/-1 minutes at room temperature, and circulating for 5 to 15 times; the refrigerant in the cryogenic treatment tank is liquid nitrogen, and the temperature of the cryogenic treatment tank is controlled by controlling the liquid nitrogen supply quantity.
Still further, if the part to be repaired in the step 2) is a thin-walled part, the clamping tool should be designed to be a full-fitting tool so as to avoid deformation of the part.
Further, the supersonic laser deposition technical platform of the step 4) comprises a cold spraying system and a laser system, wherein carrier gas of the cold spraying system is high-pressure nitrogen, the pressure is 2-3 MPa, and the temperature is 650-750 ℃; the laser of the laser system is pulse laser or continuous laser, and the diameter of a laser spot is 4 mm-8 mm.
Further, the thickness of the deposition layer in the step 4) is 0.2 mm-5 mm.
Further, the step 5) of the stress relieving treatment refers to: placing the mixture in a drying oven at 150-180 ℃ for heat preservation for 0.5-2 h, and cooling the mixture to room temperature along with a furnace;
finally, the machining of the step 6) includes, but is not limited to, one or more of turning, milling, grinding, numerical control machining and wire cutting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. because the laser heating mainly acts on the matrix instead of the powder, the powder does not generate phase change in the deposition process, namely the deposition characteristic of low heat input of cold spraying is maintained, and the thermally-induced adverse effect caused by high heat input can be effectively avoided;
2. through cyclic cryogenic treatment, the plasticity of the deposited powder is improved; the heating effect of the laser can effectively soften the matrix material and increase the plastic deformation capability of the matrix material. Therefore, compared with a single cold spraying coating, the prepared deposition layer is denser, the deposition efficiency is higher, and the thickness is controllable;
3. because of the introduction of a laser heat source, nitrogen can be used for replacing expensive helium as carrier gas, thereby greatly reducing the manufacturing cost and providing a high-performance low-cost technical means for repairing refractory metal parts;
4. the stress-removing heat treatment is carried out, after the heat treatment is carried out along with the slow cooling of the furnace, the internal stress of the deposition layer is slowly released, the machinability is improved, and the collapse phenomenon in the subsequent machining process can be effectively avoided.
The invention adopts the supersonic laser deposition technology to repair the refractory metal component, the process is reasonable and easy to operate, the repair effect is good, the deposition process combines the cold spraying characteristic and the laser heat advantage, the prepared deposition layer has good bonding strength with the matrix, the invention has the characteristics of no component change, controllable thickness and compactness, and the repaired component has excellent mechanical property and lower cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is the morphology of Mo powder in example 1 of this invention;
FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b) show the cross-sectional micro-morphology of the Mo deposition layer in example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments of the drawings.
Example 1
The refractory metal part to be repaired in the embodiment is a thin-wall Mo part, and the specific steps of the refractory metal part repair method based on the supersonic laser deposition technology are as follows:
1) The damaged thin-wall Mo component is characterized in that the surface to be repaired is a concave curved surface, the surface is subjected to oil removal and laser roughening treatment to obtain a rough surface with Ra=10μm+/-0.5 μm, and the step aims to improve the bonding strength of a deposition layer.
2) Solid spherical Mo powder (figure 1) prepared by an electric explosion method is selected, the particle size distribution range is 17.18-42.06 mu m, and the average particle size is about 28.90 mu m. The powder is placed in a cryogenic treatment box for circulation cryogenic treatment to improve the plasticity of the powder, and the concrete method comprises the steps of controlling the supply amount of a refrigerant (liquid nitrogen) to be at-150 ℃, preserving the temperature for 10min, taking out and standing for 5min at room temperature, and circulating for 12 times.
3) And (3) clamping the thin-wall Mo component processed in the step (1) on a mechanical arm through a full-lamination tool, programming the mechanical arm by utilizing a differential idea, dividing a motion track into a plurality of points, enabling the motion track to be a similar curved surface basically consistent with the surface to be repaired, always keeping the distance from a deposition point to a spray gun to be 40mm, and always enabling the tangential direction of the deposition point to be perpendicular to the spray gun.
4) And (3) drying the Mo powder treated in the step (2) in a drying oven at 60 ℃ for 1h to increase the powder fluidity, taking out, loading into a powder feeding tank, and depositing by adopting a mode of fixing a spray gun and a laser device and driving a part to move by a mechanical arm through a supersonic laser deposition technology platform. The supersonic laser deposition technical platform comprises a cold spraying system and a laser system, wherein the cold spraying systemThe carrier gas of (2) is high-pressure nitrogen, the gas pressure is 3MPa, and the gas temperature is 670 ℃; the laser of the laser system is continuous laser, and the diameter of a light spot is 8mm. Since the deepest part wear is 1.2mm, the thickness of the deposited layer is controlled to be 1.25 to ensure the quality of the deposited repair layer + 0 0.5 mm。
5) And (3) carrying out stress relief heat treatment on the deposited layer obtained in the step (4) to release partial stress, thereby improving the cutting performance of the material, specifically, placing the material in a drying oven at 150 ℃ for 2h, and cooling the material to room temperature along with a furnace.
6) And (3) turning the deposited layer treated in the step 5) to remove the rough redundant surface, and forming a smooth surface meeting the requirements of part patterns (dimensional tolerance R220+/-0.2 and roughness Ra3.2).
The parts repaired in example 1 and the spray-on specimens were subjected to performance testing, wherein the spray-on specimens were the same materials and processes as the parts.
XRD analysis shows that the Mo deposition layer has good consistency with the powder raw material, has no oxidation phenomenon, and shows that the obtained deposition layer keeps the deposition characteristic of low heat input of cold spraying and has no heat-induced adverse effect. Fig. 2 (a) and 2 (b) show the microscopic cross-sectional shapes of the deposited layers, and it can be seen that the Mo deposited layers are dense and have no obvious cracks, pores, and the like. Table 1 shows the bond strength and microhardness of the deposit, wherein the test specimens were broken from the film bond after the bond strength test, and the film bond strength was 70MPa, so that the deposit bond strength was > 70 MPa. Therefore, the bonding strength of the deposition layer and the matrix obtained by supersonic laser deposition is high, the microhardness value is higher than that of the original matrix, and the high deposition rate and the high deposition point temperature in the deposition process are used for strengthening the deformation of the matrix, so that the component is repaired to obtain more excellent mechanical properties.
TABLE 1 microhardness and bond Strength of the deposit
Example 2
The refractory metal component to be repaired in the embodiment is a Ta component, and the specific steps of the refractory metal component repair method based on the supersonic laser deposition technology are as follows:
1) The damaged Ta part is treated by degreasing, sandblasting and roughening the local surface, the undamaged part of the part is protected by adopting a hard tool before sandblasting, only the damaged part is exposed, unnecessary processing is avoided, and a rough surface with Ra=8μm+/-0.5 μm is obtained after sandblasting.
2) The porous spherical Ta powder prepared by a plasma atomization method is selected, the particle size distribution range is 15.18-40.34 mu m, and the average particle size is about 25.62 mu m. The powder is placed in a cryogenic treatment box for circulation cryogenic treatment to improve the plasticity of the powder, and the concrete method comprises the steps of controlling the supply amount of a refrigerant (liquid nitrogen) to control the temperature to be minus 130 ℃, preserving the temperature for 10 minutes, taking out and standing for 5 minutes at room temperature, and circulating for 10 times.
3) And (3) clamping the part processed in the step (1) on a mechanical arm through a tool, wherein the movement track is a plane, the distance from a deposition point to a spray gun is always kept to be 30mm, and the surface to be repaired is always vertical to the spray gun.
4) And 3) placing the Ta powder treated in the step 2) into a drying oven at 50 ℃ for drying for 1.5 hours to increase the powder fluidity, taking out, loading into a powder feeding tank, and depositing by adopting a mode of fixing a spray gun and a laser device and driving a part to move by a mechanical arm through a supersonic laser deposition technology platform. The test platform of the supersonic laser deposition technology comprises a cold spraying system, a laser system and the like, wherein carrier gas of the cold spraying system is high-pressure nitrogen, the gas pressure is 2.5MPa, and the gas temperature is 720 ℃; the laser of the laser system is pulse laser, and the spot diameter is 4mm. The thickness of the deposited layer is controlled to be 2.4mm due to the partial damage of the component
5) And (3) carrying out stress relief heat treatment on the deposited layer obtained in the step (4) to release partial stress, thereby improving the cutting performance of the material, specifically, placing the material in a 160 ℃ drying oven, keeping the temperature for 1.5h, and cooling the material to room temperature along with a furnace.
6) Milling the deposited layer processed in the step 5) to remove the rough redundant surface, and forming a smooth surface meeting the requirements of part patterns (the dimensional tolerance in the thickness direction is 20+/-0.2 and the roughness is Ra3.2).
The parts repaired in example 2 and the spray-on test specimens were subjected to performance testing, wherein the spray-on test specimens were the same materials and processes as the parts.
Example 2 the phase composition, micro-morphology, bond strength and micro-hardness rules of the deposited layer were similar to those of example 1.
Example 3
The refractory metal part to be repaired in the embodiment is a Mo-5% Re part, and the specific steps of the refractory metal part repair method based on the supersonic laser deposition technology are as follows:
1) The surface to be repaired of the damaged Mo-5% Re part is a plane at the bottom of the groove, the surface is subjected to oil removal and sand blasting roughening treatment, the wall surface of the part is protected by adopting a hard tool before sand blasting, only the damaged bottom plane is exposed, unnecessary processing is avoided, and a rough surface with Ra=8μm+/-0.5 μm is obtained after sand blasting.
2) Mixing two kinds of Mo and Re powder prepared through an electric explosion process in a V-shaped mixer in the ratio of 5% Re to the rest Mo for 3 hr, and the Mo powder is solid spherical powder with measured granularity of 17.18-42.06 microns and average grain size of 28.90 microns; re powder is solid sphere-like powder, the measured particle size distribution range is 16.06-40.11 μm, and the average particle size is about 26.89 μm. The mixed powder is placed in a cryogenic treatment box for circulation cryogenic treatment to improve the powder plasticity, and the specific method is that the supply amount of the refrigerant (liquid nitrogen) is controlled to be at minus 130 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10min, the powder is taken out and kept stand for 5min at room temperature, and the circulation is carried out for 10 times.
3) Clamping the Mo-5%Re part treated in the step 1) on a mechanical arm through a tool, wherein the movement track is a plane, the distance from a deposition point to a spray gun is always kept to be 45mm, and the surface to be repaired is always perpendicular to the spray gun.
4) Mo and Re powder treated in the step 2) is preparedDrying in a drying oven at 70deg.C for 1.5 hr to increase powder fluidity, taking out, loading into powder feeding tank, and depositing by supersonic laser deposition technique platform, fixing spray gun and laser device, and driving the component by mechanical arm. The test platform of the supersonic laser deposition technology comprises a cold spraying system, a laser system and the like, wherein carrier gas of the cold spraying system is high-pressure nitrogen, the gas pressure is 2.8MPa, and the gas temperature is 700 ℃; the laser of the laser system is continuous laser, and the diameter of a light spot is 4mm. The thickness of the deposited layer is controlled to be 0.8mm due to the damage of the bottom plane
5) And (3) carrying out stress relief heat treatment on the deposited layer obtained in the step (4) to release partial stress, thereby improving the cutting performance of the material, specifically, placing the material in a drying oven at 170 ℃ for 2h, and cooling the material to room temperature along with a furnace.
6) And 5) carrying out numerical control processing on the deposited layer processed in the step 5) to remove rough redundant surfaces and form a smooth surface meeting the requirements of part patterns (the dimensional tolerance in the depth direction is 12+/-0.2 and the roughness is Ra6.3).
The parts repaired in example 3 and the spray-on specimens were subjected to performance testing, wherein the spray-on specimens were the same materials and processes as the parts.
Example 3 the phase composition, micro-morphology, bond strength and micro-hardness rules of the deposited layer were similar to those of example 1.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the scope of the invention.
Claims (11)
1. A refractory metal part repairing method based on a supersonic laser deposition technology is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Degreasing and roughening the surface to be repaired of the refractory metal part;
2) Selecting refractory metal powder with the same components as those of the refractory metal part, and performing circulating cryogenic treatment;
3) Clamping the part to be repaired processed in the step 1) on a mechanical arm through a tool, programming the mechanical arm, and optimizing the movement track of the part to ensure that the movement track is consistent with the basic surface to be repaired, namely, the distance from a deposition point to a spray gun is always kept constant, and the tangential direction of the deposition point is always perpendicular to the spray gun;
4) Drying the powder treated in the step 2) in a drying oven at 50-70 ℃ for 0.5-2 h, taking out, loading into a powder feeding tank, and depositing by a supersonic laser deposition technology platform in a mode of fixing a spray gun and a laser device and driving a part by a mechanical arm to move so as to obtain a deposition layer with a certain thickness;
5) Carrying out stress relief heat treatment on the deposition layer obtained in the step 4);
6) And 5) machining the deposited layer treated in the step 5) to remove the rough redundant surface, and forming a smooth surface meeting the requirements of component dimensional tolerance, form and position tolerance and roughness.
2. A refractory metal component repair method according to claim 1 wherein: the refractory metal component in the step 1) is one or more of tungsten, niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, vanadium and rhenium.
3. A refractory metal component repair method according to claim 1 wherein: the surface to be repaired in the step 1) is a plane surface or a curved surface or a complex surface formed by the plane surface and the curved surface.
4. A refractory metal component repair method according to claim 1 wherein: and the roughening treatment in the step 1) is performed by sand blasting or laser roughening.
5. A refractory metal component repair method according to claim 1 wherein: the refractory metal powder in the step 2) is prepared by an electric explosion method or a plasma atomization method, the powder is in a solid or porous spherical shape or a spheroidic shape, and the particle size distribution range is 15-45 mu m.
6. A refractory metal component repair method according to claim 1 wherein: the process of the circulating cryogenic treatment in the step 2) comprises the following steps: keeping the refractory metal powder in a cryogenic treatment box at the temperature of between 150 ℃ below zero and 100 ℃ below zero for 5 to 15 minutes, taking out and standing for 5+/-1 minutes at room temperature, and circulating for 5 to 15 times; the refrigerant in the cryogenic treatment tank is liquid nitrogen, and the temperature of the cryogenic treatment tank is controlled by controlling the liquid nitrogen supply quantity.
7. A refractory metal component repair method according to claim 1 wherein: and if the part to be repaired in the step 2) is a thin-wall part, the clamping tool is designed to be a full-fit tool so as to avoid deformation of the part.
8. A refractory metal component repair method according to claim 1 wherein: the supersonic laser deposition technical platform of the step 4) comprises a cold spraying system and a laser system, wherein carrier gas of the cold spraying system is high-pressure nitrogen; the laser of the laser system is pulse laser or continuous laser, and the diameter of a laser spot is 4 mm-8 mm.
9. A refractory metal component repair method according to claim 1 wherein: the thickness of the deposition layer in the step 4) is 0.2 mm-5 mm.
10. A refractory metal component repair method according to claim 1 wherein: the step 5) of the stress relief treatment refers to: placing the mixture in a drying oven at 150-180 ℃ for heat preservation for 0.5-2 h, and cooling the mixture to room temperature along with a furnace;
11. a refractory metal component repair method according to claim 1 wherein: the machining of the step 6) comprises one or more of turning, milling, grinding, numerical control machining and wire cutting.
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2023
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