CN117179784A - In-ear closed-loop sleep diagnosis and treatment brain-computer interface system - Google Patents
In-ear closed-loop sleep diagnosis and treatment brain-computer interface system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An in-ear closed-loop sleep diagnosis and treatment brain-computer interface system belongs to the technical field of brain-computer interfaces and comprises an earphone main body, an ear brain electricity acquisition electrode, a nerve electric stimulation electrode, an input connection lead, an output connection lead, a human-computer interaction controller host, a controller display screen and a controller key panel. The ear brain electricity collecting electrode and the nerve electricity stimulating electrode are positioned on the surface of the earphone main body, the nerve electricity stimulating electrode is connected with the human-computer interaction controller main body through an input connecting lead, the ear brain electricity collecting electrode is connected with the human-computer interaction controller main body through an output connecting lead, and a controller display screen and a controller key panel are arranged on the human-computer interaction controller main body. The flexible earphone can be fully contacted with the epidermis of the human ear, thereby ensuring the acquisition effect of the ear brain electricity and improving the comfort level during sleep monitoring and stimulation treatment. The invention integrates the sensor and the stimulator, realizes the functions of monitoring in real time and dynamically adjusting the stimulation parameters through the closed-loop system, and improves the treatment effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of brain-computer interfaces, and particularly relates to an in-ear closed-loop sleep diagnosis and treatment brain-computer interface system.
Technical Field
Sleep is an indispensable physiological activity of human beings, and occupies one third of the time of human life activities. Sufficient sleep is helpful for enhancing immunity, relieving fatigue, strengthening learning and memory, and promoting growth and development of human body. However, as the pace of life increases, more and more people face problems with sleep disorders. At present, the sleep disorder is evaluated mainly by a method combining subjective sleep scale and objective sleep monitoring. The common objective sleep monitoring method is polysomnography monitoring, and the method has the problems of high cost, large workload and the like. Recent researches indicate that the sensor can be placed in the external auditory meatus to collect the electroencephalogram signals so as to realize sleep monitoring. The auditory meatus brain electric sensor has the advantages of comfortable wearing, high robustness, suitability for long-time use and the like, which means that the auditory meatus brain electric sensor has the unique advantage of being suitable for monitoring a sleep state. For example, 6 silver electrodes were placed on a Widex hearing aid mold by Kidmose et al, university of Orthomson, denmark, and two electrodes were symmetrically attached to a memory foam earplug by D.Mandic et al, national institute of technology, UK, to record two-channel ear brain electrical. The university of company Liu Rong et al develops a novel universal single-lead ear brain electrode based on a 3D printing technology by utilizing biocompatible materials of polydimethylsiloxane and silver chloride dry electrode, is suitable for most ear structures, has high user-friendly degree, and overcomes the limitations of scalp brain electrodes and the existing ear brain electrodes, such as uncomfortable wearing, abrupt appearance, difficult manufacture, wear resistance, incapability of repeated use and the like. In addition, the electroencephalogram of the ear is equivalent to the electroencephalogram of the scalp in terms of the noise ratio, the influence of myoelectric artifacts is reduced, and the electroencephalogram monitoring device is suitable for long-time sleep monitoring.
In addition, the ear is also well suited for use in stimulation therapy. The nerve distribution of the ear is wide, including vestibular nerve, auditory nerve, auricular branch vagus nerve, auricular temporal nerve and the like, wherein the inner auricle area of the auricle is the auricle vagus nerve distribution area, and the area is the only distribution area of the vagus nerve on the body surface. Compared to invasive implantable vagal stimulation, trans Pi Erjia vagal stimulation (transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation, taVNS) is a non-invasive neural electrical stimulation technique that has been developed in recent years to effect treatment by stimulating the concha region. Stimulation of the vagus nerve can cause secretion of various neurotransmitters in brain regions, regulate excitation of cerebral cortex, and reduce heart rate, respiratory rate and basal metabolism of human body. El-Sheikh M et al have found that children with lower vagal tone are more prone to problems of sleep disturbance and depression, and that higher vagal activity and tone are protective factors to prevent such problems. Tsai HJ et al found that insomnia was associated with autonomic dysfunction in patients, and that sleep quality was significantly improved in patients with insomnia after enhancing vagal activity by rhythmic breathing. After the patients with insomnia and affective disorder are treated by the method of auditory vagal nerve stimulation, the sleep quality index, the Hamiltonian anxiety and the depression score of the patients are obviously improved. The researches prove that the close relation between the vagus nerve and sleep and the treatment effect of the vagus nerve stimulation on insomnia are achieved, the insomnia can be relieved by stimulating the vagus nerve in the concha area, the symptoms such as anxiety and depression accompanied by the insomnia can be obviously improved, the curative effect is definite, and the adverse reaction is less.
However, the evaluation of the curative effect of the percutaneous concha vagus nerve stimulation at the present stage is mostly subjective scale evaluation, and the curative effect is difficult to objectively, accurately and scientifically reflect. Moreover, the current research on ear brain electricity is mainly focused on the simple monitoring of brain electrical signals, and the stimulation treatment is not carried out on the ears. In addition, the current stage sleep monitoring and treatment are basically independent and are used separately, so that real-time closed-loop diagnosis and treatment cannot be realized. Therefore, the convenient and comfortable ear brain electricity sleep monitoring equipment and the personalized percutaneous ear nail vagus nerve stimulation technology are combined, and the closed-loop brain-computer interface system which can monitor the sleep state in real time and automatically adjust the nerve electricity stimulation parameters according to the sleep state is designed, so that the sleep state is improved, and the closed-loop brain-computer interface system is a very significant research direction. The equipment is beneficial to more conveniently realizing integration of sleep monitoring and treatment, forms visualization of treatment effect, and has wide application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the sleep disorder can not realize real-time diagnosis and treatment, the invention provides that: an in-ear closed-loop sleep diagnosis and treatment brain-computer interface system comprises an earphone main body, an ear brain electricity acquisition electrode, a nerve electric stimulation electrode, an input connection lead, an output connection lead, a human-computer interaction controller host, a controller display screen and a controller key panel. The ear brain electricity collecting electrode and the nerve electricity stimulating electrode are positioned on the surface of the earphone main body, the nerve electricity stimulating electrode is connected with the human-computer interaction controller main body through an input connecting lead, the ear brain electricity collecting electrode is connected with the human-computer interaction controller main body through an output connecting lead, and a controller display screen and a controller key panel are arranged on the human-computer interaction controller main body.
Further, the brain-computer interface system is composed of an ear brain electricity acquisition module, a sleep data acquisition and analysis module, a nerve electric stimulation module and a man-machine interaction module. The ear brain electricity acquisition module acquires ear brain electricity signals, and sends the ear brain electricity signals to the sleep data acquisition and analysis module for recording and storing. After being analyzed by the sleep data acquisition and analysis module, the information is sent to the human-computer interaction module, and meanwhile, the information is sent to the nerve electric stimulation module to adjust stimulation parameters. The nerve electric stimulation module and the man-machine interaction module are also in real-time bidirectional communication.
Further, the ear brain electricity acquisition module acquires ear brain electricity signals, the ear brain electricity acquisition electrode and the human ear contact part are made of flexible materials, one end of the ear brain electricity acquisition electrode contacts the upper part of the inner ear canal, the overall shape of the ear brain electricity acquisition electrode is matched with the shape of the human ear, the other end of the ear brain electricity acquisition electrode is connected with the human-computer interaction controller host, and the acquired ear brain electricity signals are transmitted to the sleep data acquisition and analysis module.
Further, the sleep data acquisition and analysis module records and stores the acquired ear brain electrical signals, the sleep analysis software carries out automatic sleep classification on the complete sleep ear brain electrical signals, the complete sleep ear brain electrical signals are transmitted to the nerve electric stimulation module to automatically adjust the stimulation parameters, and meanwhile, the nerve electric stimulation module is transmitted to the human-computer interaction module, and the user sets the stimulation parameters by himself.
Further, the nerve electric stimulation module adjusts stimulation time, current intensity and pulse frequency parameters in real time according to the actually measured sleep ear brain electricity closed loop, and outputs different current stimulation to the stimulation electrode through a preset mode after receiving the sleep quality score obtained by the sleep data acquisition and analysis module, and the current stimulation electrode is displayed on a controller display screen.
Further, the man-machine interaction module comprises a controller display screen and a controller key panel, wherein the controller display screen receives a sleep stage result and a sleep quality score and simultaneously displays waveform, frequency, time and current parameters of the current nerve electrical stimulation; the controller key panel automatically adjusts and sets nerve electric stimulation parameters, wherein the nerve electric stimulation parameters comprise output waveforms, pulse frequency, duration and current intensity.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: firstly, the flexible earphone which is attached to the shape of the human ear can be fully contacted with the human ear, and is not easy to fall off, so that the comfort level of sleep monitoring and stimulation treatment is improved, compared with polysomnography monitoring, the concealment of the in-ear earphone is improved, and the use experience of a patient is optimized; and secondly, the electrode sensor and the stimulator are integrated together, so that a closed loop is realized, real-time monitoring and dynamic parameter adjustment are realized, the treatment effect is improved, and meanwhile, the whole system is more convenient to use, and the system has a wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an in-ear closed loop sleep monitoring and stimulation regulation system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an in-ear closed loop sleep monitoring and stimulation regulation system according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a human-computer interaction controller interface of the in-ear closed-loop sleep monitoring and stimulation regulation system of the present invention.
In the above figures: 1. an earphone body; 2. an ear brain electricity collection electrode; 3. a neural electrical stimulation electrode; 4. an input connection wire; 5. an output connecting wire; 6. a human-computer interaction controller host; 7. a controller display screen; 8. and a controller key panel.
Detailed Description
The utility model provides a brain-computer interface system is diagnose to in-ear type closed loop sleep, can wear for a long time in-ear type closed loop sleep diagnose brain-computer interface system, form sleep monitoring facilities and treatment facilities closed loop integration system, including earphone main part 1, ear brain electricity electrode 2, nerve electricity stimulating electrode 3, first connecting wire 4, output connecting wire 5, human-computer interaction controller host computer 6, controller display screen 7, controller keypad 8, ear brain electricity collection electrode 2 and nerve electricity stimulating electrode 3 are located earphone main part 1 surface, nerve electricity stimulating electrode 3 links to each other with human-computer interaction controller host computer 6 through input connecting wire 4, ear brain electricity collection electrode 2 links to each other with human-computer interaction controller host computer 6 through output connecting wire 5, set up controller display screen 7, controller keypad 8 on the human-computer interaction controller host computer 6.
As shown in fig. 1. An in-ear closed-loop sleep diagnosis and treatment brain-computer interface system comprises an ear brain electricity acquisition module, a sleep data acquisition and analysis module, a nerve electric stimulation module and a human-computer interaction module.
Ear brain electricity acquisition module: the ear brain electricity collecting electrode and the human ear contact part are made of flexible materials, one end of the ear brain electricity collecting electrode wire contacts the upper part of the inner auditory canal, and the whole shape is matched with the shape of the human ear and is used for collecting ear brain electricity signals; one end is connected with the user controller and transmits the ear brain electrical signals to the sleep data acquisition and analysis module.
Sleep data acquisition and analysis module: the module records and stores the acquired ear brain electrical signals, and the complete sleep ear brain electrical signals are subjected to automatic sleep stage by sleep analysis software. Sleep is classified into rapid eye movement sleep and non-rapid eye movement sleep, wherein the non-rapid eye movement sleep includes a deep sleep period and a deep sleep period, and the deep sleep period alternate during the sleep, and the sleep period alternate once to be a sleep period, and the whole night sleep of a normal person generally comprises 4-6 sleep periods, and a period is about 90-100 minutes. The sleep-in latency time length reference value is 5-30 minutes, the night sleep total time length reference value is 6-10 hours, the deep sleep proportion reference value is 20-60%, the shallow sleep proportion reference value is less than 55%, the rapid eye movement proportion reference value is 10-30%, the awake times reference value is 0-1 time, the sleep quality score is calculated according to the sleep-in latency time length, the shallow sleep time proportion, the deep sleep time proportion, the awake times, the rapid eye movement time proportion and the sleep cycle integrity according to a certain weight, and the sleep quality score is transmitted to the nerve electric stimulation module for automatically adjusting stimulation parameters and simultaneously transmitted to the man-machine interaction module, namely a user controller interface, and a user can also set the stimulation parameters by himself.
Neural electrical stimulation module: the device is used for adjusting the stimulation parameters and has the functions of adjusting the stimulation time, the current intensity and the pulse frequency. After receiving the sleep quality score obtained by the sleep data acquisition and analysis module, outputting different current stimuli to the stimulating electrode through a preset mode, and displaying the current stimuli on a display screen of the human-computer interaction controller. If the sleeping score of the user is below 40 minutes, the current intensity is automatically regulated to be tolerant to limit by using a continuous wave mode with the frequency of 20Hz, and one stimulus lasts for 30 minutes. If the sleeping score of the user is between 40 and 60 minutes, using a dense wave mode, wherein 10Hz lasts for 7s,4Hz lasts for 3s, the current intensity is automatically regulated to be limited by tolerance, and one stimulus lasts for 25 minutes. If the sleeping score of the user is between 60 and 80 minutes, the intermittent wave mode is used, the 5Hz is used for 7s, the rest is carried out for 3s, the current intensity is automatically regulated to be tolerant, and the primary stimulation lasts for 20 minutes. If the sleeping score of the user is more than 80 minutes, the user does not need to perform electric stimulation treatment, and the user can set stimulation parameters by the controller.
And the man-machine interaction module is used for: the device comprises a display screen and a key panel, wherein the display screen is used for receiving sleep stage results and sleep quality scores by a user and simultaneously displaying waveform, frequency, time and current parameters of the current nerve electrical stimulation; the key panel is used for the user to adjust and set the nerve electric stimulation parameters by himself, including output waveform, pulse frequency, duration and current intensity.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: firstly, the flexible earphone which is attached to the shape of the human ear can be fully contacted with the human ear, and is not easy to fall off, so that the comfort level of sleep monitoring and stimulation treatment is improved, compared with polysomnography monitoring, the concealment of the in-ear earphone is improved, and the use experience of a patient is optimized; and secondly, the sensor and the stimulator are integrated together, so that a closed loop is realized, real-time monitoring and dynamic parameter adjustment are realized, the treatment effect is improved, and meanwhile, the whole system is more convenient to use, and the system has a wide application prospect.
The operation steps of the in-ear closed-loop sleep diagnosis and treatment brain-computer interface system are as follows:
s1, starting: as shown in fig. 2 and 3, when the main power switch is pressed, the system starts.
S2, acquiring an ear brain electricity sleep signal: the inside of the auditory canal and the position of the concha boat are cleaned by alcohol before sleeping every night, conductive paste is smeared on the auditory brain electricity acquisition electrode 2 and then is plugged into the auditory canal, the auditory canal region is placed by the nerve electricity stimulation electrode 3, the 'record' button on the human-computer interaction controller host 6 is clicked to acquire real-time signals until the next day is awakened, and the 'record' button is clicked again to stop sleeping monitoring.
S3, sleep data acquisition and analysis: clicking a 'sleep analysis' button, performing operations such as preprocessing, feature extraction, sleep stage and the like on the data by sleep stage software, evaluating sleep quality, and displaying a sleep stage result and a sleep quality score on a user controller interface.
S4, nerve electrical stimulation: in combination with sleep score feedback from the ear brain electrical signals, the user clicks the "treatment" button after each early wake up and before each night fall asleep, and percutaneous ear vagal nerve electrical stimulation can begin. The automatic regulation fixed mode set by the system is that if the sleeping score of the user is below 40 minutes, the continuous wave mode is used, the frequency is 20Hz, the current intensity is automatically regulated to be tolerant, and one stimulus lasts for 30 minutes. If the sleeping score of the user is between 40 and 60 minutes, using a dense wave mode, wherein 10Hz lasts for 7s,4Hz lasts for 3s, the current intensity is automatically regulated to be limited by tolerance, and one stimulus lasts for 25 minutes. If the sleeping score of the user is between 60 and 80 minutes, the intermittent wave mode is used, the 5Hz is used for 7s, the rest is carried out for 3s, the current intensity is automatically regulated to be tolerant, and the primary stimulation lasts for 20 minutes. If the sleep score of the user is above 80 minutes, no electrical stimulation treatment is needed. And the user can also set stimulation parameters including stimulation waveform, pulse frequency, duration and current intensity by himself through the controller, specifically: clicking a treatment button to start a stimulation mode; clicking a waveform button, setting a stimulation waveform, wherein the continuous wave is arranged under the key, the intermittent wave is arranged under the key, the dense wave is arranged under the key, and the dense wave is displayed on a display screen of the human-computer interaction controller; clicking the left and right plus-minus buttons of the time to set the stimulation time; clicking the "intensity" left and right plus-minus buttons to set the intensity of the stimulating current; clicking the "frequency" left and right plus-minus buttons to set the frequency; after the setting, the electric current is transmitted to the nerve electric stimulation electrode 3 through the nerve electric stimulation module to stimulate the concha area of the human body; clicking the "treatment" button again, the stimulation is stopped.
S5, shutting down: when the power main switch is pressed after the series of operations are completed, the system is turned off.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical solution and the concept of the present invention, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a brain-computer interface system is diagnose in closed loop of in-ear sleep, a serial communication port, including earphone main part (1), ear brain electricity collection electrode (2), neural electricity stimulating electrode (3), input connecting wire (4), output connecting wire (5), human-computer interaction controller host computer (6), controller display screen (7), controller button panel (8), ear brain electricity collection electrode (2) and neural electricity stimulating electrode (3) are located earphone main part (1) surface, neural electricity stimulating electrode (3) link to each other with human-computer interaction controller host computer (6) through input connecting wire (4), ear brain electricity collection electrode (2) link to each other with human-computer interaction controller host computer (6) through output connecting wire (5), set up controller display screen (7), controller button panel (8) on human-computer interaction controller host computer (6).
2. The brain-computer interface system for in-ear closed-loop sleep diagnosis and treatment according to claim 1, wherein the brain-computer interface system is composed of an ear brain electricity acquisition module, a sleep data acquisition and analysis module, a nerve electrical stimulation module and a human-computer interaction module, wherein the ear brain electricity acquisition module acquires ear brain electricity signals, sends the ear brain electricity signals to the sleep data acquisition and analysis module for recording and storing, sends information to the human-computer interaction module after the sleep data acquisition and analysis module analyzes, and simultaneously sends the information to the nerve electrical stimulation module for adjusting stimulation parameters, and the nerve electrical stimulation module and the human-computer interaction module are in bidirectional communication in real time.
3. The brain-computer interface system for in-ear closed-loop sleep diagnosis and treatment according to claim 2, wherein the ear brain-computer acquisition module acquires ear brain-computer signals, the ear brain-computer signals acquisition electrode (2) and the human ear contact part are made of flexible materials, one end of the ear brain-computer signals acquisition electrode (2) contacts the upper part of the inner auditory canal, the overall shape of the ear brain-computer signals acquisition electrode (2) is matched with the shape of the human ear, the other end of the ear brain-computer signals acquisition electrode (2) is connected with the human-computer interaction controller host computer (6), and the acquired ear brain-computer signals are transmitted to the sleep data acquisition and analysis module.
4. The brain-computer interface system for in-ear closed-loop sleep diagnosis and treatment according to claim 2, wherein the sleep data acquisition and analysis module records and stores the acquired ear brain electrical signals, the complete sleep ear brain electrical signals are automatically sleep-staged through sleep analysis software, the complete sleep ear brain electrical signals are transmitted to the nerve electrical stimulation module to automatically adjust stimulation parameters, and simultaneously the complete sleep ear brain electrical signals are transmitted to the human-computer interaction module, and the stimulation parameters are set by a user.
5. The in-ear closed-loop sleep diagnosis and treatment brain-computer interface system according to claim 2, wherein the nerve electric stimulation module adjusts output waveform, stimulation time, current intensity and pulse frequency parameters in real time according to the actually measured sleep ear brain-computer closed loop, and outputs different current stimulation to the stimulation electrode through a preset mode after receiving the sleep quality score obtained by the sleep data acquisition and analysis module, and simultaneously displays the current stimulation on the controller display screen (7).
6. The in-ear closed-loop sleep diagnosis and treatment brain-computer interface system according to claim 2, wherein the man-machine interaction module comprises a controller display screen (7) and a controller key panel (8), the controller display screen (7) receives sleep staging results and sleep quality scores and simultaneously displays waveform, frequency, time and current parameters of the current nerve electrical stimulation; the controller key panel (8) automatically adjusts and sets nerve electric stimulation parameters, and the nerve electric stimulation parameters comprise output waveforms, pulse frequency, duration and current intensity.
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