CN117166977A - Shallow adsorption shale gas exploitation method - Google Patents
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- CN117166977A CN117166977A CN202311291203.6A CN202311291203A CN117166977A CN 117166977 A CN117166977 A CN 117166977A CN 202311291203 A CN202311291203 A CN 202311291203A CN 117166977 A CN117166977 A CN 117166977A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a shallow adsorption shale gas exploitation method, which comprises the following steps: s101, determining shale gas occurrence characteristics, gas reservoir types and main exploitation objects based on rock cores and logging data; s102, determining adsorption and desorption rules of adsorption gas and sensitive desorption pressure P based on isothermal adsorption and desorption experiments Sensitivity to The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the S103, selecting a gas adsorption drainage process according to production characteristics, and realizing the large-scale production of shallow adsorption shale gas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shale gas exploration and development, in particular to a shallow adsorption shale gas exploitation method.
Background
According to shale burial depth, the shale gas in China can be divided into various types of shallow shale gas (burial depth is less than 2000 m), medium-deep shale gas (burial depth is 2000-3500 m), deep-ultra-deep shale gas (burial depth is less than 3500 m) and the like. The medium-deep and deep-ultra-deep shale gas has realized a major breakthrough, and large shale gas fields such as Fuling, changning, weifar and the like are discovered successively. The shallow shale gas is widely distributed in the complex areas with the out-basin structures, the resource quantity reaches billions of prescriptions, the prospect of exploration and development is wide, the shallow shale gas is expected to become an important field of increasing the storage and the production, and the current exploration and recognition degree is low.
Shale gas is mainly in a free state and an adsorption state and is stored in dark shale, and the occurrence states of the shale gas are greatly different under different geological conditions. The shale gas fields of Fuling, changning, weiyuan and the like which are commercially developed in China have good shale gas preservation conditions, and the occurrence state of the shale gas is mainly in a free state. The shallow shale gas has poorer preservation conditions, so that the free gas emission amount is larger than that of the middle-deep and deep-ultra-deep shale gas, the occurrence state of the shale gas is mainly the adsorption state, and the adsorption gas is mainly the exploitation object. Therefore, research is carried out aiming at adsorption and desorption rules of the adsorption gas, and corresponding adsorption pneumatic process technology is formulated, so that the method is very important for realizing commercial exploitation of shallow adsorption shale gas.
Experts at home and abroad have conducted a great deal of research work on shale gas exploitation, shale adsorption characteristics and the like, but the following problems exist:
firstly, the shale gas occurrence state study fails to make clear whether the main exploitation object of the gas reservoir is free gas or adsorption gas, and the free gas and the adsorption gas are mixed together to be used as the exploitation object.
Secondly, the deep research on the adsorption gas desorption mechanism and the sensitive desorption pressure under the stratum condition is lacking.
Thirdly, the exploitation method of the adsorption gas cannot be formulated in a targeted manner, and in fact, due to the difference of the characteristics of the free gas and the adsorption gas, the exploitation modes should also have a large difference. The free air mobility is good, and the adaptability of the main stream exploitation mode in the current industry is good; the adsorption gas is adsorbed on the surfaces of organic matters and mineral particles, so that the fluidity is poor, and the large-scale desorption exploitation can be realized only by reaching certain reservoir conditions.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for extracting shale gas in a shallow adsorption state to solve the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a shallow adsorption shale gas exploitation method comprises the following steps:
s101, determining shale gas occurrence characteristics, gas reservoir types and main exploitation objects based on rock cores and logging data;
s102, determining adsorption and desorption rules of adsorption gas and sensitive desorption pressure P based on isothermal adsorption and desorption experiments Sensitivity to ；
S103, selecting a gas-adsorbing drainage process according to production characteristics, and realizing the large-scale production of the shallow adsorption shale gas.
Further preferably, in the step S101, in a preset area, a vertical well is implemented, the system acquires data such as shale gas layer core, logging and the like, and determines occurrence characteristics of shale gas, specifically including determining total shale gas content, adsorbed gas content and its duty ratio, free gas content and its duty ratio and the like;
and determining the gas reservoir type and the main exploitation object according to the shale gas occurrence characteristics.
Further, preferably, in the step S102, isothermal adsorption and desorption experiments of core samples of different intervals of the shale gas layer are performed, adsorption and desorption rules of the shale under the conditions of reservoir temperature and different pressures are determined, and the adsorption and desorption pressure P of the adsorption gas is determined Sensitivity to ；
When the formation pressure is less than or equal to P Sensitivity to During the process, shale gas is quickly desorbed, the desorption rate is high, the desorption gas quantity is large, and the single well yield is quickly increased;
when the formation pressure is higher than P Sensitivity to During the process, shale gas is slowly desorbed, the desorption rate is low, the desorption gas quantity is small, and the single well yield is low.
Further, preferably, in step S103, a shale gas horizontal well is implemented in a preset area, hydraulic sand fracturing is performed on the horizontal section, and a gas-adsorbing drainage and extraction process is selected according to different production characteristics, so that the scale production of the shale gas in a shallow adsorption state is realized.
Further, preferably, when the shale gas horizontal well cannot be produced by self-injection at the initial stage of production, the downhole pressure is selected to be rapidly reduced to the sensitive desorption pressure P Sensitivity to The drainage and extraction process for the adsorption gas is used for enhancing drainage, reducing the flow pressure and promoting the mass desorption and output of the adsorption gas from the reservoir;
when the significant increase of the gas well yield is detected, the drainage and production process is closed after the production of the self-injection carrying liquid, and a proper drainage and production system is selected, so that the long-term stable desorption and production of the adsorbed gas are promoted, and the high and stable production of the gas well is maintained.
Further, as the optimization, when the shale gas horizontal well can perform self-injection production in the initial production stage and the yield reaches the expected yield, a proper drainage and production system is selected, the self-injection production period is prolonged, and the accumulated yield in the self-injection production period is improved;
and when the gas well is detected to have different self-injection production or the yield is smaller than the expected yield, the adsorption gas desorption exploitation is realized according to the method of the step S103.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a shallow adsorption shale gas exploitation method, which has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a shallow adsorption state shale gas exploitation method, which aims at the difficult problems that the amount of adsorbed gas resources in a shallow shale gas area is large but exploitation is difficult, and determines shale gas occurrence characteristics, gas reservoir types and main exploitation objects based on rock cores and logging data; based on isothermal adsorption and desorption experiments, determining adsorption and desorption rules of adsorption gas and sensitive desorption pressure P Sensitivity to The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And selecting a gas-adsorbing drainage process according to production characteristics, so as to realize the large-scale production of the shallow adsorption gas.
The method is beneficial to realizing the large-scale extraction of the shallow adsorption state shale gas, remarkably improves the single well yield, can provide important reference for the shallow shale gas resource utilization in China, can also provide reference for the medium-deep and ultra-deep adsorption state shale gas resource utilization, and has great popularization and application values.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a main process according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of isothermal adsorption and desorption according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Examples: referring to fig. 1-2, in this embodiment, a method for extracting shallow adsorption shale gas includes the following steps:
s101, determining shale gas occurrence characteristics, gas reservoir types and main exploitation objects based on rock cores and logging data;
specifically, in a preset area, implementing a vertical well, and acquiring shale gas layer rock core, logging and other data by a system, wherein the method specifically comprises the steps of determining the total gas content of shale, the adsorption gas content and the ratio thereof, the free gas content and the ratio thereof and the like;
in addition, the determining the gas reservoir type according to the shale gas occurrence characteristics specifically comprises the following steps: dividing shale gas reservoir types according to the adsorption gas occupancy ratio:
when the adsorption gas accounts for more than 60%, the adsorption gas is used as an adsorption gas reservoir, and the adsorption gas is used as a main exploitation object;
when the adsorption gas accounts for 50-60%, the adsorption gas is a free-adsorption gas reservoir, the adsorption gas is a main exploitation object, and the adsorption gas is a free gas;
when the adsorption gas accounts for 40% -50%, the adsorption gas is an adsorption-free gas reservoir, the free gas is a main exploitation object, and the adsorption gas is the second;
the adsorption gas accounts for less than 40%, and is a free gas reservoir and a main exploitation object.
S102, determining an adsorption and desorption rule of adsorption gas and sensitive desorption pressure Psensitivity based on isothermal adsorption and desorption experiments;
specifically, carrying out isothermal adsorption and desorption experiments on core samples of different layers of the shale gas layer, simulating adsorption and desorption rules of the shale under the conditions of reservoir temperature and different pressures, obtaining isothermal adsorption and desorption data, drawing isothermal adsorption curves and isothermal desorption curves, and determining adsorption and desorption rules of the adsorption gas.
In addition, a desorption rate curve and a desorption rate sum are obtained according to the obtained isothermal desorption curveDetermining the adsorption gas sensitive desorption pressure P by using a desorption rate curvature derivative curve Sensitivity to . The adsorption gas sensitive desorption pressure P Sensitivity to For the formation pressure corresponding to the time when the adsorbed gas begins to be desorbed and produced in a large amount, when the formation pressure is less than or equal to P Sensitivity to During the process, shale gas is quickly desorbed, the desorption rate is high, the desorption gas quantity is large, and the single well yield is quickly increased; when the formation pressure is higher than P Sensitivity to During the process, shale gas is slowly desorbed, the desorption rate is low, the desorption gas quantity is small, and the single well yield is low.
S103, selecting a gas-adsorbing drainage process according to production characteristics, and realizing the large-scale production of the shallow adsorption shale gas.
Specifically, in a preset area, a shale gas horizontal well is implemented, a horizontal section mainly passes through a high-quality shale reservoir, a sleeve is put into the horizontal well and well cementation is carried out, hydraulic sand fracturing is carried out on the horizontal section, a large reconstruction volume and a complex artificial joint network are formed, gas testing and gas testing are carried out on the shale gas horizontal well after fracturing, and different drainage and production processes are selected according to different production characteristics:
when the shale gas horizontal well cannot be produced by self-injection in the early production stage, the downhole pressure can be quickly reduced to the sensitive desorption pressure P Sensitivity to The drainage and extraction process for the adsorption gas is enhanced, the drainage is enhanced, the flowing pressure is reduced, the mass desorption and output of the adsorption gas from a reservoir are promoted, after the remarkable increase of the output of a gas well is detected, the drainage and extraction process can be closed after the self-injection liquid carrying production is detected, a proper drainage and extraction system is selected, the long-term stable desorption and output of the adsorption gas is promoted, and the high and stable output of the gas well is maintained;
when the shale gas horizontal well can be subjected to self-injection production in the initial production stage and the yield reaches the expected yield, a proper drainage and production system is selected, the self-injection production period is prolonged, the accumulated yield in the self-injection production period is improved, and after the fact that different self-injection production of a gas well or the yield is smaller than the expected yield is detected, the downhole pressure is quickly reduced to the sensitive desorption pressure P is selected Sensitivity to The drainage and extraction process for the adsorption gas is enhanced, the drainage liquid is enhanced to reduce the flow pressure, the mass desorption output of the adsorption gas from the reservoir is promoted, after the remarkable increase of the output of a gas well is detected, the drainage and extraction process can be closed after the production of self-injection carrying liquid is detected, and the proper choice is selectedAnd the production degree is increased, the long-term stable desorption output of the adsorbed gas is promoted, and the high and stable production of the gas well is maintained.
Referring to fig. 2, taking the back inclined of L as an example, the process of exploiting the shallow adsorption shale gas by adopting the present invention will be described in detail.
The L back inclined is positioned outside the basin in the southeast area, the shale gas mesh layer is an upper or Tao Tong five-peak group-lower Zhi-Lian system Longmaxi group, the structure is subjected to multi-stage structural motion transformation from the Jia-Lian stage, the structure effect is stronger, the lifting amplitude is large, the target layer is widely degraded, the back inclined core part is exposed to the left-of-the-eye stratum, the upper two or more layers are degraded to the right, the five-peak group shale burial depth is 0-1200 m, the two wings are exposed to the upper two-of-the-eye stratum, the five-peak group shale burial depth is 1200-2000 m, the stratum pressure coefficient is 0.9-1.0, and the shale gas is a typical shallow shale gas zone.
In specific implementation, the step S101 is executed, and in the L anticline preset area, a vertical well a well is implemented, and the system acquires data such as shale gas layer core, logging and the like.
According to the logging information of the well A, determining shale gas occurrence characteristics: the total air content of the high-quality shale section is 3.46m3/t, the adsorption gas content is 2.78m3/t, the adsorption gas accounts for 80.3 percent, the free gas content is 0.68m3/t, and the free gas accounts for 19.7 percent.
According to shale gas occurrence characteristics, determining the type of the L anticline gas reservoir as an adsorption gas reservoir, wherein the adsorption gas is a main exploitation object.
And executing the step S102, carrying out isothermal adsorption and desorption experiments on core samples of different intervals of the A-well shale gas layer, simulating adsorption and desorption rules of shale under the conditions of reservoir temperature and different pressures, obtaining isothermal adsorption and desorption data, drawing isothermal adsorption curves and isothermal desorption curves, and determining the adsorption and desorption rules of shale gas.
The a-well shale isothermal adsorption curve exhibits three-stage characteristics: the first stage is a rapid adsorption stage, the corresponding pressure is generally 0-5 MPa, the shale adsorption gas quantity is rapidly increased along with the pressure increase, and the adsorption rate is high; the second stage is a slow adsorption stage, the corresponding pressure is generally 5-10 MPa, the shale adsorption gas amount is slowly increased along with the increase of the pressure, and the adsorption rate is reduced; the third stage is a gentle adsorption stage, the corresponding pressure is generally greater than 10MPa, the shale adsorption gas quantity tends to be saturated along with the increase of the pressure, and the adsorption rate is low.
According to the isothermal desorption curve of the A well, obtaining a desorption rate curve and a desorption rate curvature derivative curve, and determining the sensitive desorption pressure P of different small layers of the high-quality shale of the A well Sensitivity to 1.7-2.5 MPa.
When the formation pressure is less than or equal to P Sensitivity to During the process, shale gas is quickly desorbed, the desorption rate is high, the desorption gas quantity is large, and the single well yield is quickly increased; when the formation pressure is higher than P Sensitivity to During the process, shale gas is slowly desorbed, the desorption rate is low, the desorption gas quantity is small, and the single well yield is low.
And executing the step S103, implementing a shale gas horizontal well B well in an L anticlockwise preset area, enabling the well horizontal section to mainly pass through a high-quality shale reservoir, putting a sleeve into the B well and performing well cementation, performing hydraulic sand fracturing on the horizontal section to form a large reconstruction volume and a complex artificial joint network, performing gas testing and gas testing on the shale gas horizontal well subjected to fracturing, and selecting different drainage and production processes according to different production characteristics.
The B well can not realize self-injection production at the early stage of production, the daily gas production is only 0.7 square by adopting a jet pump to discharge liquid, and according to the researches of the step S101 and the step S102, the fact that the sensitive desorption pressure of the shallow adsorption shale gas is lower, the underground pressure is reduced below the sensitive desorption pressure, and the rapid desorption and seepage of the adsorption gas can be realized, so that the technical attack of adsorption pneumatic is developed, and the underground pressure is reduced to the sensitive desorption pressure P rapidly is selected Sensitivity to The hydraulic rodless pump drainage process can strengthen drainage, reduce the flow pressure and promote the mass desorption and output of adsorbed gas from the reservoir. After the drainage and production process is adopted for a period of time, the gas well yield is detected to be rapidly increased to more than 4.5 square per day, and the gas well can be self-injectedAfter the production of the carried liquid, the drainage and extraction process is closed, a proper drainage and extraction system is selected, the long-term stable desorption output of the adsorbed gas is promoted, the high-yield stable yield of the gas well is kept, the test and extraction effect of the well B is good at present, the breakthrough of shallow normal-pressure shale gas exploration is achieved, and the commercial exploitation of the shallow adsorbed shale gas is realized.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical solution of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A shallow adsorption shale gas exploitation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s101, determining shale gas occurrence characteristics, gas reservoir types and main exploitation objects based on rock cores and logging data;
s102, determining adsorption and desorption rules of adsorption gas and sensitive desorption pressure P based on isothermal adsorption and desorption experiments Sensitivity to ；
S103, selecting a gas-adsorbing drainage process according to production characteristics, and realizing the large-scale production of the shallow adsorption shale gas.
2. The method for extracting the shale gas in the shallow adsorption state according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step S101, in a preset area, implementing a vertical well, acquiring data such as shale gas layer core, logging and the like by a system, and determining occurrence characteristics of shale gas, wherein the steps include determining total shale gas content, adsorbed gas content and its duty ratio, free gas content and its duty ratio and the like;
and determining the gas reservoir type and the main exploitation object according to the shale gas occurrence characteristics.
3. The method for extracting the shale gas in the shallow adsorption state according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step S102, isothermal adsorption and desorption experiments of core samples of different intervals of the shale gas layer are carried out, and the shale is determined to be storedThe adsorption and desorption rules under the conditions of layer temperature and different pressures determine the adsorption and desorption pressure P of the adsorption gas Sensitivity to ；
When the formation pressure is less than or equal to P Sensitivity to During the process, shale gas is quickly desorbed, the desorption rate is high, the desorption gas quantity is large, and the single well yield is quickly increased;
when the formation pressure is higher than P Sensitivity to During the process, shale gas is slowly desorbed, the desorption rate is low, the desorption gas quantity is small, and the single well yield is low.
4. The method for extracting the shale gas in the shallow adsorption state according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in step S103, a shale gas horizontal well is implemented in a preset area, hydraulic sand fracturing is performed on a horizontal section, and a gas-adsorbing drainage and extraction process is selected according to different production characteristics, so that the scale production of shallow adsorption shale gas is realized.
5. The method for extracting the shale gas in the shallow adsorption state according to claim 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when the shale gas horizontal well cannot be produced by self-injection in the early production stage, the downhole pressure can be quickly reduced to the sensitive desorption pressure P Sensitivity to The drainage and extraction process for the adsorption gas is used for enhancing drainage, reducing the flow pressure and promoting the mass desorption and output of the adsorption gas from the reservoir;
when the significant increase of the gas well yield is detected, the drainage and production process is closed after the production of the self-injection carrying liquid, and a proper drainage and production system is selected, so that the long-term stable desorption and production of the adsorbed gas are promoted, and the high and stable production of the gas well is maintained.
6. The method for extracting the shale gas in the shallow adsorption state according to claim 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when the shale gas horizontal well can be subjected to self-injection production in the initial production stage and the yield reaches the expected yield, selecting a proper drainage and production system, prolonging the self-injection production period and improving the accumulated yield in the self-injection production period;
when it is detected that the gas well is produced by different self-injection or the production is less than the expected production, the method according to claim 5 is used for the production of adsorption gas by desorption.
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