CN117162540B - Microwave ultrasonic curing forming equipment and curing forming method for resin matrix composite material - Google Patents
Microwave ultrasonic curing forming equipment and curing forming method for resin matrix composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN117162540B CN117162540B CN202311447966.5A CN202311447966A CN117162540B CN 117162540 B CN117162540 B CN 117162540B CN 202311447966 A CN202311447966 A CN 202311447966A CN 117162540 B CN117162540 B CN 117162540B
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Abstract
The invention discloses resin matrix composite microwave ultrasonic curing forming equipment and a curing forming method, which belong to the technical field of resin matrix curing. The molding method comprises the following steps: s1: placing the product and the temperature detector in the vacuum bag and then placing the vacuum bag in a working cabin; s2: starting a microwave scanning device; s3: starting an ultrasonic vibration device after the temperature of the product reaches a first set value; s4: closing the ultrasonic vibration device after the temperature of the product reaches a second set value; s5: changing continuous irradiation into intermittent irradiation after the temperature of the product reaches a third set value; s6: closing the microwave scanning head; s7: and taking out the product after naturally cooling. The invention integrates microwave heating and ultrasonic vibration on the same equipment for curing and forming the resin matrix composite, and utilizes efficient radiation heating and ultrasonic cavitation of microwaves to eliminate pores so as to efficiently cure the resin matrix composite.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of resin matrix curing, and particularly relates to resin matrix composite microwave ultrasonic curing molding equipment and a curing molding method.
Background
CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites) has been widely used in various fields thanks to its many good comprehensive mechanical properties. At present, the curing molding of the carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite is mainly based on the traditional heat conduction curing technology, the efficiency of the product is lower, and the molding quality is difficult to further improve. The appearance of the microwave curing technology provides possibility for realizing high-quality and high-efficiency curing and forming of the resin matrix composite material. The microwave radiation penetrating power is strong, and the internal polar material molecules can realize the instant absorption of microwaves, so that the heating time is shortened, but the research and the process of microwave curing are not mature, and the popularization and the application of the microwave curing are hindered.
The existing main problems of the microwave curing technology can be divided into two parts, one part is caused by the self characteristics, the microwave radiation with constant frequency is limited by the self characteristics, the oscillation wave change transmission has a peak difference zero point and a maximum value, namely the CFRP workpiece can be caused to generate cold and hot spots, and the temperature difference distribution is caused. The other part is caused by an external process, the problem of uneven microwave irradiation cannot be effectively solved by the application of the related process of the existing microwave curing, the distance between each local position of the workpiece and the microwave transmitting cavity determines the intensity of the received microwave irradiation, and the uneven irradiation still can cause the differential distribution of the temperature. For example, the temperature gradient and the solidification degree of the large-thickness part are too large, so that the problems of stress concentration, serious warping deformation and the like are easily generated. In view of the foregoing, the microwave curing technology has become a technical problem to be solved in the microwave loading period.
Chinese patent CN105655724a discloses a microwave antenna array for microwave curing of composite materials, which realizes simultaneous multi-beam microwave radiation through arranging and combining a plurality of transmitting ends, and plays a role in promoting uniform curing of microwave curing. However, only a certain projection end face of the workpiece is irradiated with microwaves, and the projection surface of the microwave irradiation cannot be changed.
In addition, the CFRP product process has the defects of easily forming pores, layering and the like in the material after curing due to the reasons of mixing of external gas, gas evaporation generated by resin curing and the like, and the mechanical properties of the component are seriously affected. In order to reduce such defects as much as possible, the curing pressure generally has to be increased in practical industrial production, but this in turn places higher demands on the molding equipment, molds, and the manufacturing costs will also increase significantly.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a microwave ultrasonic curing molding device and a curing molding method for a resin matrix composite material, which integrate microwave heating and ultrasonic vibration on the same device for curing and molding the resin matrix composite material, and utilize the advantages of efficient radiation heating and ultrasonic cavitation elimination of microwaves to realize high-quality and efficient curing of the resin matrix composite material.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a resin matrix combined material microwave ultrasonic curing shaping equipment, includes quick-witted case and installs air compressor machine, ultrasonic vibration device, working cabin, microwave scanning device and the microwave head mobile device on the machine case, and the product of waiting the solidification shaping is placed in the working cabin, and the air compressor machine communicates the working cabin and carries out the pressurization operation to the working cabin, and ultrasonic vibration device contacts and realizes the ultrasonic loading to the working cabin, and microwave head mobile device connects and drives the microwave scanning device and sweep the microwave irradiation to the working cabin.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme:
the ultrasonic vibration device, the working cabin, the microwave scanning device and the microwave head moving device are sequentially connected from bottom to top.
The ultrasonic vibration device comprises a servo motor, an ultrasonic vibrator mounting plate and a plurality of ultrasonic vibrators, the plurality of ultrasonic vibrators are mounted on the ultrasonic vibrator mounting plate, the servo motor is transmitted and driven to the ultrasonic vibrator mounting plate to drive the ultrasonic vibrator mounting plate to rotate, the ultrasonic vibrator mounting plate drives the plurality of ultrasonic vibrators to rotate, and the ultrasonic vibrators are tightly pressed at the bottom of the working cabin and move along the bottom of the working cabin.
The ultrasonic vibrator is tightly pressed at the bottom of the working cabin through a spring.
The microwave scanning device comprises a microwave scanning head, a steering engine base and a microwave scanning head connecting rod, wherein the microwave scanning head connecting rod is of a rod-shaped structure, the length direction of the microwave scanning head connecting rod is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the upper end of the microwave scanning head connecting rod is connected with a microwave head moving device, the lower end of the microwave scanning head connecting rod is provided with the steering engine base, the steering engine is arranged on the steering engine base, one end of the steering engine is connected to the steering engine base, and the steering engine is connected with and drives the microwave scanning head to rotate and swing.
The microwave head moving device comprises a Z-axis moving part, an X-axis moving part and a Y-axis moving part, wherein the Z-axis moving part drives the microwave scanning device to linearly reciprocate in the direction vertical to the horizontal plane, the X-axis moving part drives the microwave scanning device to linearly reciprocate in the direction parallel to the horizontal plane, the Y-axis moving part drives the microwave scanning device to linearly reciprocate in the direction parallel to the horizontal plane, and the moving direction of the X-axis moving part drives the microwave scanning device and the moving direction of the Y-axis moving part drives the microwave scanning device are mutually vertical.
The resin matrix composite microwave ultrasonic curing and forming method adopts the curing and forming equipment to prepare, and the curing and forming method comprises the following steps:
step S1: placing a product to be processed and a temperature detector in the vacuum bag and then placing the product and the temperature detector in a working cabin;
step S2: vacuumizing the vacuum bag, pressurizing the working cabin, and starting the microwave scanning device when the pressure of the product to be processed reaches a set value;
step S3: when the temperature of the product in the vacuum bag rises to reach a first set value, starting an ultrasonic vibration device;
step S4: when the temperature of the product in the vacuum bag is increased to a second set value, the ultrasonic vibration device is turned off;
step S5: when the temperature of the product in the vacuum bag is increased to a third set value, changing the continuous irradiation of the microwave scanning head into microwave intermittent irradiation, so as to realize heat preservation of the product in the vacuum bag;
step S6: closing the microwave scanning head after the product in the vacuum bag is insulated for a set time;
step S7: and naturally cooling the product in the vacuum bag on the working cabin until the temperature reaches a fourth set value, powering off and taking out the product.
The temperature detector is pre-embedded in a product to be processed or adhered to the surface of the product.
The first set value is the inflection point temperature when the resin is heated to enter the low viscosity interval, and the second set value is the inflection point temperature when the resin is heated to end the low viscosity interval.
After the ultrasonic vibration device is started, the ultrasonic vibrator carries out ultrasonic loading on the working cabin and simultaneously moves along the bottom surface of the working cabin.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The microwave heating and ultrasonic vibration are integrated on the same equipment for curing and forming the resin matrix composite, and the advantages of efficient radiation heating and ultrasonic cavitation of microwaves are utilized to eliminate pores, so that the resin matrix composite is cured with high quality and high efficiency.
(2) The ultrasonic vibration device starts to be loaded when the resin matrix composite material is heated to be weaker in viscosity and better in fluidity, is small in size and compact in structure, inhibits generation of bubbles in a product, is beneficial to high-quality molding of resin matrix composite material products, is low in energy consumption, can be used for arranging vibrator points aiming at workpieces with different geometric shapes, is easier to program and control moving parts, and improves reliability of the moving parts.
(3) The microwave scanning device moves in three mutually perpendicular directions, the microwave scanning head can sweep through rotation and swing, balanced sweep irradiation is carried out on a plurality of surfaces of the working cabin, curing molding time is shortened, temperature gradient and curing degree gradient are reduced, curing efficiency of the resin matrix composite is greatly improved, and effects such as thermal deformation caused by uneven temperature are greatly reduced.
(4) The microwave and ultrasonic loading sources both adopt set natural frequencies, and the input power is changed to realize accurate control of the input energy.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an ultrasonic vibration device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a microwave scanning apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of a Z-axis moving part according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of an X-axis moving member according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph of viscosity versus temperature for an epoxy glue.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the viscosity and temperature change of an article during the process according to one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of microwave power and ultrasonic power variation during a process in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes specific embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating and illustrating the invention, are not intended to limit the invention.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "upper surface at … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial location relative to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "above" or "over" other devices or structures would then be oriented "below" or "beneath" the other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" may include both orientations of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
As shown in fig. 1-5, the curing molding device comprises a machine case 1, an air compressor 2, an ultrasonic vibration device 3, a pressure gauge 4, a workbench 5, a workbench cabin cover 6, a microwave scanning device 7, a switch button, a digital display screen 9, a microwave head moving device, a control panel 11, sealing glass 12, a workbench cabin sealing door 13, a machine case door 14, an observation port 15, a vacuum gauge 16, a vacuum pump 17 and a controller, wherein the air compressor 2, the ultrasonic vibration device 3, the pressure gauge 4, the workbench 5, the workbench cabin cover 6, the microwave scanning device 7, the switch button, the digital display screen 9, the microwave head moving device, the control panel 11 and the sealing glass are arranged on the machine case 1.
The case 1 is a box-type structure or a frame-type structure, and plays a role in supporting the whole curing and forming equipment.
The workbench 5, the workbench cabin outer cover 6, the sealing glass 12 and the workbench cabin sealing door 13 are connected to form a workbench cabin. Specifically, the workbench 5, the workbench cabin outer cover 6, the sealing glass 12 and the workbench cabin sealing door 13 are connected and enclosed to form a workbench cabin structure with an inner containing cavity, the sealing glass 12 is the top surface of the workbench cabin, the workbench 5 is the bottom surface of the workbench cabin, the workbench cabin outer cover 6 is the side surface of the workbench cabin, and the workbench cabin sealing door 13 is arranged on the workbench cabin outer cover 6 in an openable and closable manner. The table 5 is used for placing a product or sample to be molded and cured.
The air compressor 2 is an air compressor, and the air compressor 2 is arranged at the lower end in the case 1. The air compressor 2 is communicated with the working cabin, and the air compressor 2 is used for compressing air in the working cabin to realize pressurization operation. The pressure gauge 4 is used for detecting the pressure in the working chamber.
The cabinet door 14 is a door of the cabinet 1, the cabinet door 14 can be opened or closed, and the cabinet door 14 faces the working cabin. The cabinet door 14 is provided with an observation port 15 for observing the working cabin.
The ultrasonic vibration device 3, the working cabin, the microwave scanning device 7 and the microwave head moving device are sequentially connected from bottom to top.
The ultrasonic vibration device 3 is located inside the cabinet 1. The ultrasonic vibration device 3 is shown in fig. 2 and comprises a servo motor 3-1, a first coupler 3-2, an internal gear frame 3-3, a planetary gear 3-4, an ultrasonic vibrator rotating guide rod 3-5, a spring guide rod 3-6, an ultrasonic vibrator 3-7, an ultrasonic vibrator mounting plate 3-8, a spring base plate 3-10, a planetary carrier 3-11, a sun gear 3-12 and a planetary reducer motor seat 3-14.
The planetary reducer motor seat 3-14 is fixedly arranged in the case 1, the internal gear frame 3-3 is arranged on the planetary reducer motor seat 3-14, and the planetary gears 3-4 are arranged in the internal gear frame 3-3. The servo motor 3-1 and the first coupling 3-2 are positioned below the planetary gear 3-4, the servo motor 3-1 is connected with the planetary gear 3-4 through the first coupling 3-2, and specifically, the servo motor 3-1 is connected with the sun gear 3-12 of the planetary gear 3-4 through the first coupling 3-2.
The planet carrier 3-11 is located above the planet gears 3-4, the planet carrier 3-11 and the planet gears 3-4 are concentric, and the planet carrier 3-11 is parallel to the horizontal plane. The planet carrier 3-11 is connected with planet pinions of the planet gears 3-4. Specifically, the planet carrier 3-11 is of a circular plate-shaped structure, and the planet carrier 3-11 is connected with the planet pinion through a connecting block, namely the planet pinion, the connecting block and the planet carrier 3-11 are sequentially connected. When the planetary pinions are connected, the connecting blocks are connected with central shafts of the planetary pinions, and the planetary carriers 3-11 are connected with the connecting blocks.
Based on the connection mode, when the servo motor 3-1 drives the sun gear 3-12 of the planetary gear 3-4 to rotate through the first coupler 3-2, the sun gear 3-12 drives each planetary pinion meshed with the sun gear to revolve, and all the planetary pinions act together to drive the connecting block and the planetary carrier 3-11 connected with the connecting block to rotate.
The spring base plate 3-10 is of a circular plate structure, the spring base plate 3-10 is positioned above the planet carrier 3-11, and the spring base plate 3-10 and the planet carrier 3-11 are arranged in parallel at intervals. The spring base plate 3-10 and the planet carrier 3-11 are connected with at least two spring guide rods 3-6 through at least two ultrasonic vibrator rotating guide rods 3-5. Specifically, one end of the ultrasonic vibrator rotating guide rod 3-5 is vertically and fixedly connected to the planet carrier 3-11, and the other end of the ultrasonic vibrator rotating guide rod passes through the spring base plate 3-10 upwards to be connected with the nut, so that the spring base plate 3-10 is prevented from being separated from the ultrasonic vibrator rotating guide rod 3-5; one end of the spring guide rod 3-6 is also vertically and fixedly connected to the planet carrier 3-11, and the other end of the spring guide rod passes through the spring base plate 3-10 upwards to be connected with a nut. All the spring guide rods 3-6 and all the ultrasonic vibrator rotating guide rods 3-5 are arranged in parallel at intervals, and preferably all the spring guide rods 3-6 and all the ultrasonic vibrator rotating guide rods 3-5 are arranged on the same circumference on the planet carrier 3-11, and the circumference is concentric with the planet carrier 3-11.
The spring guide rod 3-6 plays a role in supporting and fixing, and a nut which is in threaded connection with the spring guide rod 3-6 is arranged on the spring guide rod 3-6 between the spring base plate 3-10 and the planet carrier 3-11. The spring guide rod 3-6 above the spring base plate 3-10 is sleeved with the spring 3-9, namely the spring guide rod 3-6 between the nut above the spring base plate 3-10 and the spring base plate 3-10 is sleeved with the spring 3-9. The height of the spring bottom plate 3-10 can be adjusted by adjusting two nuts on the spring guide rod 3-6, and the arrangement of the springs 3-9 on the spring guide rod 3-6 plays a role in stabilizing and buffering the spring bottom plate 3-10.
The ultrasonic vibrator rotating guide rod 3-5 plays a role in guiding and supporting the spring base plate 3-10, and the ultrasonic vibrator rotating guide rod 3-5 is a polished rod. Namely, when the height of the spring base plate 3-10 is adjusted, the spring base plate 3-10 is lifted and lowered along the ultrasonic vibrator rotating guide rod 3-5.
In the embodiment, two spring guide rods 3-6 and two ultrasonic vibrator rotating guide rods 3-5 are arranged, and the spring guide rods 3-6 and the ultrasonic vibrator rotating guide rods 3-5 are arranged at intervals.
The ultrasonic vibrator mounting plate 3-8 is located above the spring base plate 3-10 for mounting the ultrasonic vibrator 3-7. The ultrasonic vibrator mounting plate 3-8 is of a plate-shaped structure, and the ultrasonic vibrator mounting plate 3-8 and the spring base plate 3-10 are arranged in parallel at intervals. In this embodiment, the ultrasonic-vibrator mounting plate 3-8 has a plate-like structure in a cross shape. The ultrasonic vibrator mounting plate 3-8 and the spring base plate 3-10 are connected by a plurality of connection members.
The connecting assembly comprises a connecting bolt, initial state springs 3-15 and a locking nut. The upper end of the connecting bolt is connected with the ultrasonic vibrator mounting plate 3-8, the lower end of the connecting bolt penetrates through the spring base plate 3-10 and then is connected with the lock nut, and an initial state spring 3-15 is sleeved outside the connecting bolt between the spring base plate 3-10 and the ultrasonic vibrator mounting plate 3-8. The distance between the spring base plate 3-10 and the ultrasonic vibrator mounting plate 3-8 can be adjusted by adjusting the lock nut. The spring 3-15 in the initial state can be compressed to play a role in stabilizing, buffering and compressing the ultrasonic vibrator mounting plate 3-8.
The ultrasonic vibrator 3-7 is mounted on the ultrasonic vibrator mounting plate 3-8. In this embodiment, five ultrasonic vibrators 3-7 are provided, one ultrasonic vibrator 3-7 is mounted on the rotation center line of the ultrasonic vibrator mounting plate 3-8, and the other four ultrasonic vibrators 3-7 are symmetrically arranged around the ultrasonic vibrator 3-7 in the center.
Based on the above structure, the servo motor 3-1 drives the planetary gear 3-4 to rotate through the first coupling 3-2, the planetary gear 3-4 drives the planetary carrier 3-11 connected with the planetary gear to rotate, the planetary carrier 3-11 drives the spring base plate 3-10 connected with the planetary carrier to rotate, the spring base plate 3-10 drives the ultrasonic vibrator mounting plate 3-8 connected with the spring base plate and the ultrasonic vibrator 3-7 on the ultrasonic vibrator mounting plate 3-8 to rotate, wherein the central ultrasonic vibrator 3-7 rotates, and other ultrasonic vibrators 3-7 revolve around the central ultrasonic vibrator 3-7.
The ultrasonic vibrator 3-7 can be contacted with and pressed against the bottom of the workbench 5 by adjusting the lengths of the spring guide rod 3-6 and the ultrasonic vibrator rotating guide rod 3-5.
A microwave scanning device 7 is located above the working chamber. The microwave scanning device 7 is shown in fig. 3 and comprises a microwave scanning head 7-1, a steering engine 7-2, a steering engine seat 7-3 and a microwave scanning head connecting rod 7-4. The microwave scanning head connecting rod 7-4 is in a rod-shaped structure, and the length direction of the microwave scanning head connecting rod 7-4 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The upper end of the microwave scanning head connecting rod 7-4 is connected with the microwave scanning head moving device, the rudder stand 7-3 is arranged at the lower end of the microwave scanning head connecting rod, the steering engine 7-2 is arranged on the rudder stand 7-3, one end of the steering engine 7-2 is connected with the steering engine stand 7-3, the steering engine 7-2 is connected with the upper end of the microwave scanning head 7-1, the steering engine 7-2 is connected with and drives the microwave scanning head 7-1 to rotate and swing, and when the microwave scanning head 7-1 rotates, a straight line perpendicular to a horizontal plane is used as a rotating shaft.
The microwave head moving device includes a Z-axis moving part 10-1, an X-axis moving part 10-2, and a Y-axis moving part. The Z-axis moving part 10-1 drives the microwave scanning device 7 to reciprocate linearly in the Z-axis or a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane. As shown in FIG. 4, the Z-axis moving part 10-1 comprises a microwave scanning head connecting rod support cover 10-1-1, a microwave scanning head connecting rod support 10-1-2, a first support seat 10-1-3, a shaft support 10-1-4, a first lead screw 10-1-5, a guiding optical axis 10-1-6, a Z-axis workbench connecting plate 10-1-7, a Z-axis base connecting plate 10-1-8, a motor seat 10-1-9 for a supporting unit, a second coupler 10-1-10, a first servo motor 10-1-11 and a first lead screw nut 10-1-12.
The Z-axis base connecting plate 10-1-8 is of a plate-shaped structure, four shaft supports 10-1-4 are arranged, the four shaft supports 10-1-4 are fixedly arranged on the Z-axis base connecting plate 10-1-8, and the four shaft supports 10-1-4 are positioned on four corners of a quadrangle. The two guide optical axes 10-1-6 are arranged in parallel and at intervals, the two guide optical axes 10-1-6 are perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and two ends of the guide optical axes 10-1-6 are respectively arranged on the two shaft supports 10-1-4.
The upper end of the first screw rod 10-1-5 is connected with a first servo motor 10-1-11 through a second coupler 10-1-10, the lower end of the first screw rod is rotatably arranged on a first supporting seat 10-1-3, and the first servo motor 10-1-11 is arranged on a Z-axis base connecting plate 10-1-8. The first supporting seat 10-1-3 is fixedly arranged on the Z-axis base connecting plate 10-1-8, the supporting unit motor seat 10-1-9 is positioned at the upper end of the Z-axis base connecting plate 10-1-8, the upper end of the first lead screw 10-1-5 is rotatably arranged on the supporting unit motor seat 10-1-9 and penetrates through the supporting unit motor seat 10-1-9 to be connected with the second coupling 10-1-10. The first screw nut 10-1-12 is screwed onto the first screw 10-1-5. Two ends of the Z-axis workbench connecting plate 10-1-7 are respectively sleeved on the two guiding optical axes 10-1-6, and the middle part of the Z-axis workbench connecting plate 10-1-7 is fixedly connected with the first screw nut 10-1-12. One end of the microwave scanning head connecting rod support 10-1-2 is connected with the lower end of the Z-axis base connecting plate 10-1-8, and the other end is connected with the microwave scanning head connecting rod support cover 10-1-1. The upper end of the microwave scanning head connecting rod 7-4 passes through the middle part of the Z-axis workbench connecting plate 10-1-7 after passing through the microwave scanning head connecting rod support cover 10-1-1.
The X-axis moving part 10-2 drives the microwave scanning device 7 to reciprocate linearly in the direction of the X-axis or horizontal plane. As shown in FIG. 5, the X-axis moving part 10-2 comprises an X-axis base connecting plate 10-2-1, a guide shaft 10-2-2, a second supporting seat 10-2-3, a second lead screw 10-2-4, a second lead screw nut 10-2-5, an X-axis workbench connecting plate 10-2-6, a supporting motor seat 10-2-7, a third coupler 10-2-8 and a second servo motor 10-2-9.
The X-axis base connecting plate 10-2-1 is of a plate-shaped structure, and the plane where the X-axis base connecting plate 10-2-1 is located is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
The guide shaft 10-2-2 and the second screw 10-2-4 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and are parallel to the horizontal plane. The guide shaft 10-2-2 is located above the second lead screw 10-2-4. The guide shaft 10-2-2 is fixedly arranged on the X-axis base station connecting plate 10-2-1. The second supporting seat 10-2-3 is fixedly arranged on the X-axis base station connecting plate 10-2-1, one end of the second lead screw 10-2-4 is rotatably arranged on the second supporting seat 10-2-3, the other end of the second lead screw 10-2-4 is rotatably arranged on the supporting motor seat 10-2-7, and the second lead screw 10-2-4 passes through the supporting motor seat 10-2-7 and then is connected with the second servo motor 10-2-9 through the third coupler 10-2-8. The second screw nut 10-2-5 is screwed on the second screw 10-2-4. The X-axis workbench connecting plate 10-2-6 is fixedly connected to the second screw nut 10-2-5. The upper ends of the X-axis workbench connecting plates 10-2-6 and the Z-axis base connecting plates 10-1-8 are connected.
The Y-axis moving part drives the microwave scanning device 7 to reciprocate on a straight line perpendicular to the length direction of the second lead screw 10-2-4 in the direction of the Y-axis or horizontal plane. The Y-axis moving part comprises a third servo motor, a third lead screw 10-3-1, a sliding rail 10-3-2 and a sliding block. The sliding rails 10-3-2 are provided with at least two sliding rails 10-3-2 which are arranged in parallel at intervals, the sliding rails 10-3-2 are fixedly arranged in the chassis 1, and the length direction of the sliding rails 10-3-2 is parallel to the horizontal plane and perpendicular to the length direction of the second screw rod 10-2-4. Two ends of the X-axis base connecting plate 10-2-1 are respectively arranged on the slide rail 10-3-2 in a sliding way through sliding blocks. In this embodiment, four slide rails 10-3-2 are provided, each end of the X-axis base connecting plate 10-2-1 is slidably provided on two slide rails 10-3-2, and the two slide rails 10-3-2 at each end of the X-axis base connecting plate 10-2-1 are arranged at intervals in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
The third lead screw 10-3-1 is parallel to the slide rail 10-3-2, and the third lead screw 10-3-1 is positioned between the slide rails 10-3-2 at two ends of the X-axis base connecting plate 10-2-1. The third screw 10-3-1 is rotatably mounted on the cabinet 1. The third servo motor is connected with and drives the third screw rod 10-3-1 to rotate. The third screw rod 10-3-1 passes through the middle part of the X-axis base connecting plate 10-2-1, and the middle part of the X-axis base connecting plate 10-2-1 is in threaded connection with the third screw rod 10-3-1 through a nut block.
Based on the above structure, the microwave head moving device can drive the microwave scanning device 7 to linearly reciprocate in three mutually perpendicular directions. Specifically, after the first servo motor 10-1-11 is started, the first servo motor 10-1-11 drives the first screw rod 10-1-5 to rotate, the first screw rod 10-1-5 drives the Z-axis workbench connecting plate 10-1-7 on the first screw rod nut 10-1-12 and the microwave scanning device 7 connected with the Z-axis workbench connecting plate 10-1-7 to linearly reciprocate along the length direction of the first screw rod 10-1-5, namely, the microwave scanning device 7 realizes lifting motion.
After the second servo motor 10-2-9 is started, the second servo motor 10-2-9 drives the second screw rod 10-2-4 to rotate, the second screw rod 10-2-4 drives the second screw rod nut 10-2-5, the X-axis workbench connecting plate 10-2-6 and the Z-axis moving part 10-1 connected with the X-axis workbench connecting plate 10-2-6 linearly reciprocate along the length direction of the second screw rod 10-2-4, and the microwave scanning device 7 connected with the Z-axis moving part 10-1 realizes linear reciprocation in the direction parallel to the length direction of the second screw rod 10-2-4.
After the third servo motor is started, the third servo motor drives the third screw rod 10-3-1 to rotate, the third screw rod 10-3-1 drives a nut block on the third screw rod 10-3-1 and an X-axis moving component 10-2 connected with the nut block to linearly reciprocate along the length direction of the third screw rod 10-3-1, and the X-axis moving component 10-2 drives the Z-axis moving component 10-1 and the microwave scanning device 7 to synchronously move, namely the microwave scanning device 7 realizes linear reciprocation in the direction perpendicular to the length direction of the second screw rod 10-2-4.
A vacuum pump 17 is installed at the lower end inside the cabinet 1. The vacuum pump 17 is used for evacuating a vacuum bag (see below). The vacuum gauge 16 is used to detect the vacuum level of the vacuum bag.
The switch buttons comprise an adjusting knob 8-1, a starting button 8-2, a stopping button 8-3, a power switch 8-4 and a scram button 8-5. The adjusting knob 8-1 is provided with one or two for adjusting the microwave power of the microwave scanning head 7-1 and the ultrasonic power of the ultrasonic vibrator 3-7.
The digital display screen 9 is used for displaying external environment parameters and/or operation parameters of the curing and forming equipment.
The control panel 11 is used for displaying operation parameters of the curing and forming equipment, and the operation of each electrical component can be controlled through the control panel 11.
The air compressor 2, the vacuum pump 17, the pressure gauge 4, the vacuum gauge 16, the control panel 11, the adjusting microwave scanning head 7-1, the ultrasonic vibrator 3-7, the servo motors and other electric components are electrically connected with the controller.
In this embodiment, the product to be processed is a CFRP material (carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material) and is formed by compounding epoxy resin glue and carbon fibers, and belongs to a dielectric material, and the product can be heated by electromagnetic wave irradiation.
Based on the above-mentioned curing molding equipment, the epoxy resin glue is generally thermosetting and consolidated (curing crosslinking reaction occurs) when reaching the glass transition temperature by the curing molding method. When the temperature is raised from normal temperature to the glass transition temperature, the middle part is subjected to a state that the viscosity is poor and the fluidity is good, and the temperature range becomes a low viscosity range, as shown in fig. 6. At this time, the ultrasonic vibration is applied to release the air bubbles in the resin layer, so that the effect of less internal pores after complete glass transition is achieved. The product curing and shaping process is shown in fig. 7.
The curing and forming method comprises the following steps:
step S1: the vacuum bag is placed on a table 5 after placing the product to be processed and the temperature detector.
In this embodiment, the product to be processed is CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite).
The method comprises the following steps:
step S11: slicing the prepreg into corresponding sizes, layering according to layering sequence to form layering materials, and installing a temperature detector on a point to be measured in the layering process.
For the products for research and test, the temperature detector may be pre-buried in the paving material, and for the products for production use, the temperature detector may be connected to the surface of the products, and the temperature detector may be cut after the processing is completed.
In this embodiment, the temperature detector used is a temperature grating.
Step S12: and (3) packaging the layering material obtained in the step (S11) by adopting a vacuum bag, and embedding a vacuum nozzle in the vacuum bag.
Step S13: and (3) placing the vacuum bag obtained in the step (S12) in a mould for compaction to form a packaging block containing the mould.
Step S14: the package obtained in step S13 is placed on the table 5 and the temperature measuring grating is connected to the temperature measuring circuit arranged in the cabinet 1, and the vacuum nozzle and the vacuum pump 17 are connected through the evacuation tube.
Step S2: the vacuum pump 17 and the air compressor 2 are started, and the microwave scanning device 7 is started after the pressure to which the product to be processed is subjected reaches a set value.
In the step, a vacuum pump is started 17 after a power switch 8-4 is turned on, the tightness of a vacuum bag is checked firstly, and the sealing door 13 and the cabinet door 14 of the workbench cabin body are closed after the tightness of the vacuum bag is confirmed to be perfect.
In this step, the microwave power set by the microwave scanning head 7-1 is Pw, and the specific value may be determined according to practical applications.
After the vacuum pump 17 is started, the vacuum pump 17 vacuumizes the space in the vacuum bag, and when the vacuum degree detected by the vacuum gauge 16 reaches a set value, the controller controls the vacuum pump 17 to stop.
After the air compressor 2 is started, the air compressor 2 compresses air in the working cabin, the working cabin is pressurized, a high-pressure environment is formed in the working cabin, and when the pressure detected by the pressure gauge 4 reaches a set value, the controller controls the air compressor 2 to stop.
The layering material is subjected to a pressure equal to the vacuum pressure plus the pressure in the cabin.
After the microwave scanning device 7 is started, the steering engine 7-2 drives the microwave scanning head 7-1, and meanwhile, the microwave head moving device drives the microwave scanning device 7 to linearly reciprocate in three directions which are perpendicular to each other. Namely, the microwave scanning head 7-1 linearly reciprocates above the working cabin in three mutually perpendicular directions, and meanwhile, the microwave scanning head 7-1 scans the working cabin, so that the microwave irradiation scanning of the product on the working table 5 is realized, and the temperature of the product on the working table 5 is increased in the process of the microwave irradiation scanning.
In this embodiment, each side surface of the working cabin is firstly scanned by the microwave scanning head 7-1 in a rough single-pass manner, and then scanned in a fine orthogonal multi-pass manner on a projection surface with a larger thickness depth, so that each local temperature of the workpiece is more balanced by the microwave scanning, and the problem of overlarge temperature gradient can be effectively solved by performing the microwave scanning according to a corresponding curing process temperature curve.
Step S3: when the temperature of the product in the vacuum bag rises to a first set value, the ultrasonic vibration device 3 is started.
In this step, the first set value is the lowest temperature value or the temperature close to the lowest temperature value when the resin is in the low viscosity region, the specific value can be flexibly set according to the use situation, and the first set value is T 1 。
In this step, the ultrasonic power of the ultrasonic vibrator 3-7 is set to Pu.
In the step, under the action of a spring in the ultrasonic vibration device 3, the ultrasonic vibrator 3-7 can be pressed upwards to the bottom of the workbench 5, and meanwhile, the servo motor 3-1 can be driven to the ultrasonic vibrator mounting plate 3-8 in a transmission manner, so that the ultrasonic vibrator mounting plate 3-8 drives the ultrasonic vibrators 3-7 to rotate. I.e., the ultrasonic vibrator 3-7 moves along the bottom surface of the pressing table 5 while pressing the bottom of the table 5. The ultrasonic vibrator mounting plate 3-8 drives the plurality of ultrasonic vibrators 3-7 to rotate, so that the bottom surface of the workbench 5 uniformly receives the ultrasonic transmission of the ultrasonic vibrators 3-7. In order to enable the ultrasonic vibrator 3-7 to smoothly move along the bottom surface of the workbench 5, the smoothness of the contact surface between the ultrasonic vibrator 3-7 and the workbench 5 meets the requirement of smooth movement of the ultrasonic vibrator 3-7.
Step S4: after the temperature of the product in the vacuum bag rises to the second set point, the ultrasonic vibration device 3 is turned off.
In this step, the second set value is T 2 Second set value T 2 The highest temperature value or near the highest temperature value at which the resin completes the glass transition. The temperature of the product in the vacuum bag is detected by a temperature detector.
The microwave scanning device 7 is started until step S4, and the microwave scanning head 7-1 of the microwave scanning device 7 is in a continuously opened and irradiated state.
Step S5: when the temperature of the product in the vacuum bag is increased to a third set value, the microwave scanning head 7-1 is changed from continuous irradiation to microwave intermittent irradiation state, and the product in the vacuum bag is insulated.
In this step, the product in the vacuum bagIs maintained at the third set point. The third set value is T 3 . In the heat preservation process, the microwave is intermittently irradiated and swept for the interval ta.
Step S6: after the product in the vacuum bag is kept warm for a set time, the microwave scanning head 7-1 is closed.
In this step, after the microwave scanning head 7-1 is turned off, the microwave head moving device returns to the initial position to prepare for the next operation.
Step S7: and naturally cooling the product in the vacuum bag on the workbench 5 until the temperature reaches a fourth set value, powering off and taking out the product.
In this step, the third set value is T 4 The cooling time is Δt.
In this step, only the temperature detector is in operation, i.e. the temperature detector keeps detecting the temperature of the product and transmitting temperature information data, and other electrical components are in an inactive state.
In the step, after the case door 14 and the workbench cabin sealing door 13 are opened, the embedded temperature measuring grating line is disconnected, the vacuum pressure line is disconnected, the packaging block is taken out, the die is removed, and the CFRP (fiber reinforced plastics) part (layering material) is taken out. And finishing the processing.
The digital display screen 9 can always monitor the measured temperature of each point in real time and output a curve, and outputs a solidification degree curve according to the set material dynamics parameters. The control panel 11 is provided with a processor or a controller, and also provided with a fiber grating temperature measurement filtering processing device, and a built-in storage area stores various curve data. The processor interface of the control panel 11 can be matched with software to carry out networking transmission data, and is rich in a plurality of data interfaces such as USB and the like.
It should be noted that, after closing the cabinet door 14 and the workbench cabin sealing door 13 in step S2, the subsequent process may be automatically performed by setting a program and inputting various parameters, until step S6, when the product temperature in the vacuum bag reaches the fourth set value and is displayed by the digital display 9 or the control panel 11, then manually pressing the stop button 8-3 to close the device, and then manually taking out the product. The moving paths of the microwave scanning device 7 in three directions may be specifically set according to the use cases.
Finally, what is necessary here is: the above embodiments are only for further detailed description of the technical solutions of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and some insubstantial modifications and adjustments made by those skilled in the art from the above description of the present invention are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The microwave ultrasonic curing and forming method for the resin matrix composite material is characterized in that the curing and forming device comprises a machine case (1), an air compressor (2), an ultrasonic vibration device (3), a working cabin, a microwave scanning device (7) and a microwave head moving device, wherein the air compressor (2) is communicated with the working cabin and is used for pressurizing the working cabin, the ultrasonic vibration device (3) is contacted with the working cabin to realize ultrasonic loading, and the microwave head moving device is connected with and drives the microwave scanning device (7) to sweep the working cabin for microwave irradiation;
the ultrasonic vibration device (3), the working cabin, the microwave scanning device (7) and the microwave head moving device are sequentially connected from bottom to top;
the ultrasonic vibration device (3) comprises a servo motor (3-1), an ultrasonic vibrator mounting plate (3-8) and a plurality of ultrasonic vibrators (3-7), wherein the ultrasonic vibrators (3-7) are arranged on the ultrasonic vibrator mounting plate (3-8), the servo motor (3-1) is driven to the ultrasonic vibrator mounting plate (3-8) in a transmission mode to drive the ultrasonic vibrator mounting plate (3-8) to rotate, and the ultrasonic vibrator mounting plate (3-8) drives the ultrasonic vibrators (3-7) to rotate, so that the ultrasonic vibrators (3-7) are tightly pressed at the bottom of the working cabin and move along the bottom of the working cabin;
the microwave scanning device (7) comprises a microwave scanning head (7-1), a steering engine (7-2), a steering engine seat (7-3) and a microwave scanning head connecting rod (7-4), wherein the microwave scanning head connecting rod (7-4) is of a rod-shaped structure, the length direction of the microwave scanning head connecting rod (7-4) is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the upper end of the microwave scanning head connecting rod (7-4) is connected with a microwave head moving device, the lower end of the microwave scanning head connecting rod is provided with a steering engine seat (7-3), the steering engine (7-2) is arranged on the steering engine seat (7-3), one end of the steering engine (7-2) is connected to the steering engine seat (7-3), and the steering engine (7-2) is connected and drives the microwave scanning head (7-1) to rotate and swing;
the curing and forming method comprises the following steps:
step S1: placing a product to be processed and a temperature detector in the vacuum bag and then placing the product and the temperature detector in a working cabin;
step S2: vacuumizing the vacuum bag, pressurizing the working cabin, and starting the microwave scanning device (7) when the pressure of the product to be processed reaches a set value;
step S3: when the temperature of the product in the vacuum bag rises to reach a first set value, starting an ultrasonic vibration device (3);
step S4: when the temperature of the product in the vacuum bag is increased to a second set value, the ultrasonic vibration device (3) is closed;
step S5: when the temperature of the product in the vacuum bag is increased to a third set value, changing the continuous irradiation of the microwave scanning head (7-1) into microwave intermittent irradiation so as to realize heat preservation of the product in the vacuum bag;
step S6: closing the microwave scanning head (7-1) after the product in the vacuum bag is insulated for a set time;
step S7: naturally cooling the product in the vacuum bag on the working cabin until the temperature reaches a fourth set value, powering off and taking out the product;
the first set value is the inflection point temperature when the resin is heated to enter the low viscosity interval, and the second set value is the inflection point temperature when the resin is heated to end the low viscosity interval.
2. The curing molding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ultrasonic vibrator (3-7) is tightly pressed at the bottom of the working cabin through a spring (3-9).
3. The curing molding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the microwave head moving device comprises a Z-axis moving part (10-1), an X-axis moving part (10-2) and a Y-axis moving part, wherein the Z-axis moving part (10-1) drives the microwave scanning device (7) to linearly reciprocate in a direction vertical to the horizontal plane, the X-axis moving part (10-2) drives the microwave scanning device (7) to linearly reciprocate in a direction parallel to the horizontal plane, the Y-axis moving part drives the microwave scanning device (7) to linearly reciprocate in a direction parallel to the horizontal plane, and the moving direction of the X-axis moving part (10-2) drives the microwave scanning device (7) and the moving direction of the Y-axis moving part drives the microwave scanning device (7) to be mutually vertical.
4. The curing molding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the temperature detector is pre-embedded in a product to be processed or adhered to the surface of the product.
5. The curing molding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: after the ultrasonic vibration device (3) is started, the ultrasonic vibrator (3-7) carries out ultrasonic loading on the working cabin, and meanwhile the ultrasonic vibrator (3-7) moves along the bottom surface of the working cabin.
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