CN117146649A - 一种低播焰性船用复合装甲 - Google Patents
一种低播焰性船用复合装甲 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低播焰性船用复合装甲，包括正面阻燃层、正面隔热层、装甲层、反面隔热层、反面阻燃层；所述阻燃层为阻燃酚醛树脂+石英纤维布制成的复合材料；所述隔热层为玻纤气凝胶毡+空心玻璃微珠+阻燃酚醛树脂制成的复合材料；所述装甲层由芳纶纤维或超高分子量聚乙烯材料制成；所述正面阻燃层、正面隔热层、装甲层、反面隔热层、反面阻燃层通过阻燃酚醛树脂粘接得到低播焰性船用复合装甲；本发明具有轻质、阻燃性好，隔热效果明显等优势，能够解决复合装甲易燃，火焰易传播的问题，使复合装甲满足低播焰性要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料技术领域，具体涉及一种低播焰性船用复合装甲。
背景技术
近年来，船用装甲防护性能要求越来越高，重量要求越来越轻质，而芳纶纤维和超高分子量聚乙烯材料具有质量轻、防护效果好等优点，被广泛应用于船用防护复合装甲领域，但二者在受热后均易燃，且有明显的火焰蔓延性，不符合低播焰性要求，并且在燃烧过程中释放出的有毒有害物质也会对人体产生很大的危害，使其应用受到限制。
因此，需要一种满足低播焰性要求的蒙皮材料，包覆在复合装甲表面，使复合装甲整体达到低播焰性相关要求。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种满足低播焰性的船用复合装甲，其具有轻质、阻燃性好，隔热效果明显等优势，能够解决复合装甲易燃，火焰易传播的问题，使复合装甲满足低播焰性要求。
为达到上述目的，采用技术方案如下：
一种低播焰性船用复合装甲，包括正面阻燃层、正面隔热层、装甲层、反面隔热层、反面阻燃层；所述阻燃层为阻燃酚醛树脂+石英纤维布制成的复合材料；所述隔热层为玻纤气凝胶毡+空心玻璃微珠+阻燃酚醛树脂制成的复合材料；所述装甲层由芳纶纤维或超高分子量聚乙烯材料制成；所述正面阻燃层、正面隔热层、装甲层、反面隔热层、反面阻燃层通过阻燃酚醛树脂粘接得到低播焰性船用复合装甲。
按上述方案，所述阻燃酚醛树脂为酚醛树脂与阻燃成分的复合材料。
按上述方案，所述正反两面阻燃层厚度均为2mm，正面隔热层厚度5mm，反面隔热层厚度2mm；装甲层厚度为8～25mm。
按上述方案，所述阻燃层的成型过程包括以下步骤：
将阻燃酚醛树脂均匀的刮涂在石英纤维布表面，制作成预浸料，然后按需裁剪，升温至90～100℃固化成型。
按上述方案，所述隔热层的成型过程包括以下步骤：
先将空心玻璃微珠加入有机溶剂中制成悬浊液；加入阻燃酚醛树脂使其溶解在悬浊液中；将玻纤气凝胶毡浸润其中，使空心玻璃微珠和酚醛树脂均匀的分散在玻纤气凝胶毡孔隙中；浸润完成后，将玻纤气凝胶毡加热至120～140℃，除去有机溶剂并固化酚醛树脂。
按上述方案，所述装甲层采用芳纶纤维的成型过程包括以下步骤：
或使用芳纶纤维布+聚碳酸酯或聚氨酯或环氧树脂，使用模压工艺在200～220℃加压至3MPa，热压约25-35分钟，自然冷却即可。
按上述方案，所述装甲层采用超高分子量聚乙烯的成型过程包括以下步骤：
使用超高分子量聚乙烯UD布，采用模压工艺在130～140℃加压至20～25MPa，热压50-70分钟，自然降温即可。
相对于现有技术，本发明有益效果如下：
酚醛树脂本身就具有耐高温的特性，在其中加入阻燃剂能减缓树脂的分解，进一步提高树脂的分解温度，使树脂在高温下的热稳定性得到进一步的改善。
石英纤维本身具有不燃、耐高温的特性，与阻燃酚醛树脂制成复合材料，使复合材料既有一定的强度，又能充分发挥其阻燃，耐高温的优势。
阻燃层、隔热层作为装甲层的蒙皮，使用阻燃酚醛树脂粘接为一体，减少了普通树脂的用量，利用阻燃酚醛树脂良好的高温稳定性，进一步提高复合装甲的低播焰性。
本发明装甲层使用阻燃层和隔热层包覆，其防火效果较好，使整体能达到低播焰性要求。该封装蒙皮的应用，有利于芳纶纤维或超高分子量聚乙烯材料在舰船上的推广。
附图说明
图1：本发明低播焰性船用复合装甲结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下实施例进一步阐释本发明的技术方案，但不作为对本发明保护范围的限制。
具体实施方式提供了一种低播焰性船用复合装甲，参照附图1所示，包括有正面阻燃层(A)、正面隔热层(B)、装甲层(C)、反面隔热层(D)、反面阻燃层(E)。其中正反两面阻燃层厚度均为2mm，但正面隔热层厚度5mm，反面隔热层厚度2mm，装甲层厚度为8～25mm，五层材料使用阻燃酚醛树脂粘接在一起。
具体地，所述阻燃酚醛树脂为酚醛树脂与阻燃成分的复合材料。具体为硼酚醛树脂，由苯酚、硼酸和多聚甲醛聚合而成，因为在分子结构中引入了硼元素，使其具有更优的耐热性能，并且具有耐烧蚀、高残炭率等优点，同时粘接性能和力学性能也能达到使用要求。
具体地，所述阻燃层的成型过程包括以下步骤：
将阻燃酚醛树脂均匀的刮涂在石英纤维布表面，制作成预浸料，然后按需裁剪，升温至90～100℃固化成型。
具体地，所述隔热层的成型过程包括以下步骤：
先将空心玻璃微珠加入有机溶剂中制成悬浊液；加入阻燃酚醛树脂使其溶解在悬浊液中；将玻纤气凝胶毡浸润其中，使空心玻璃微珠和酚醛树脂均匀的分散在玻纤气凝胶毡孔隙中；浸润完成后，将玻纤气凝胶毡加热至120～140℃，除去有机溶剂并固化酚醛树脂。
具体地，所述装甲层采用芳纶纤维的成型过程包括以下步骤：
使用芳纶纤维布+聚碳酸酯或聚氨酯或环氧树脂，使用模压工艺在180～200℃加压至3MPa，热压25-35分钟，自然冷却即可。
具体地，所述装甲层采用超高分子量聚乙烯的成型过程包括以下步骤：
使用超高分子量聚乙烯UD布，采用模压工艺在130～140℃加压至20～25MPa，热压50-70分钟，自然降温即可。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种低播焰性船用复合装甲，包括有正面阻燃层(A)、正面隔热层(B)、装甲层(C)、反面隔热层(D)、反面阻燃层(E)。其中正反两面阻燃层厚度均为2mm，正反两面隔热层厚度均为4mm，装甲层厚度15mm三种材料使用阻燃酚醛树脂粘接在一起。
将样件放置在50KW/㎡的热辐照条件下，持续辐照1500s，观察样件的燃烧及发烟情况。过程中样件产生的最大烟密度Ds(max)＝9.6。而不包覆阻燃层和隔热层的装甲层，在相同条件下产生的最大烟密度Ds(max)约为500。
对比例1
本对比例提供了一种低播焰性船用复合装甲，由正面阻燃层(A)、正面隔热层(B)、装甲层(C)，成型工艺参照本发明技术方案。其中阻燃层厚度为2mm，隔热层厚度为5mm，装甲层厚度15mm三种材料使用阻燃酚醛树脂粘接在一起。
将样件放置在50KW/㎡的热辐照条件下，持续辐照1500s，观察样件的燃烧及发烟情况。过程中样件产生的最大烟密度Ds(max)＝148.2。
对比例2
具体实施方式提供了一种低播焰性船用复合装甲，由正面阻燃层(A)、正面隔热层(B)、装甲层(C)、反面阻燃层(D)组成，成型工艺参照本发明技术方案。其中正反面阻燃层厚度均为2mm，正面隔热层厚度为5mm，装甲层厚度15mm三种材料使用阻燃酚醛树脂粘接在一起。
将样件放置在50KW/㎡的热辐照条件下，持续辐照1500s，观察样件的燃烧及发烟情况。过程中样件产生的最大烟密度Ds(max)＝129.9。
Claims (7)
1.一种低播焰性船用复合装甲，其特征在于包括正面阻燃层、正面隔热层、装甲层、反面隔热层、反面阻燃层；所述阻燃层为阻燃酚醛树脂+石英纤维布制成的复合材料；所述隔热层为玻纤气凝胶毡+空心玻璃微珠+阻燃酚醛树脂制成的复合材料；所述装甲层由芳纶纤维或超高分子量聚乙烯材料制成；所述正面阻燃层、正面隔热层、装甲层、反面隔热层、反面阻燃层通过阻燃酚醛树脂粘接得到低播焰性船用复合装甲。
2.如权利要求1所述低播焰性船用复合装甲，其特征在于所述阻燃酚醛树脂为酚醛树脂与阻燃成分的复合材料。
3.如权利要求1所述低播焰性船用复合装甲，其特征在于所述正反两面阻燃层厚度均为2mm，正面隔热层厚度5mm，反面隔热层厚度2mm；复合装甲厚度为8～25mm。
4.如权利要求1所述低播焰性船用复合装甲，其特征在于所述阻燃层的成型过程包括以下步骤：
将阻燃酚醛树脂均匀的刮涂在石英纤维布表面，制作成预浸料，然后按需裁剪，升温至90～100℃固化成型。
5.如权利要求1所述低播焰性船用复合装甲，其特征在于所述隔热层的成型过程包括以下步骤：
先将空心玻璃微珠加入有机溶剂中制成悬浊液；加入阻燃酚醛树脂使其溶解在悬浊液中；将玻纤气凝胶毡浸润其中，使空心玻璃微珠和酚醛树脂均匀的分散在玻纤气凝胶毡孔隙中；浸润完成后，将玻纤气凝胶毡加热至120～140℃，除去有机溶剂并固化酚醛树脂。
6.如权利要求1所述低播焰性船用复合装甲，其特征在于所述装甲层采用芳纶纤维的成型过程包括以下步骤：
使用芳纶纤维布+聚碳酸酯或聚氨酯或环氧树脂，使用模压工艺在200～220℃加压至3MPa，热压约25-35分钟，自然冷却即可。
7.如权利要求1所述低播焰性船用复合装甲，其特征在于所述装甲层采用超高分子量聚乙烯的成型过程包括以下步骤：
使用超高分子量聚乙烯UD布，采用模压工艺在130～140℃加压至20～25MPa，热压50-70分钟，自然降温即可。
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