CN117142875A - 一种多孔煤气化渣-碳化硅复合陶瓷支撑体及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种多孔煤气化渣-碳化硅复合陶瓷支撑体及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种多孔煤气化渣‑碳化硅复合陶瓷支撑体制备方法,属于陶瓷膜技术领域。其具体步骤为:将煤气化渣与碳化硅粉体按照一定比例称量、混合,再经烘干、过筛后放置备用。向上述粉体中加入一定比例的聚乙烯醇(PVA)和甘油,充分研磨。每次称取一定量的粉料,使用压片机,在一定压力下制备片状支撑体(Φ40 mm×2 mm)。支撑体湿坯经干燥后,在马弗炉中以一定速率升温至1200~1450℃烧制成型。本发明以煤气化渣为原料,采用反应烧结制备碳化硅陶瓷膜片,在对煤气化渣充分利用的同时也降低了烧结温度,达到降低成本、低碳环保的作用,制备的碳化硅膜片纯水渗透率高、且具有优异的机械强度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种多孔煤气化渣-碳化硅复合陶瓷支撑体及其制备方法,属于陶瓷膜技术领域。
背景技术
我国的能源结构是贫油、富煤、少气,这意味着我国的能源消耗将以煤炭为主。煤气化技术是煤炭清洁高效利用的核心技术之一,是现代煤化工产业发展的关键,同时也是煤基化学品的基础,对工业发展具有深远意义。而煤气化渣是煤与氧气或富氧空气发生不完全燃烧过程中,煤中无机矿物质经过不同的物理化学转变伴随着煤中残留的碳颗粒形成的固态残渣。但随着煤制合成气产能的日益增加,会难以避免地产生大量煤气化渣。煤气化渣的产生量及堆存量越来越大,这会造成严重的环境污染和土地资源浪费,并且对煤化工企业的可持续发展造成不利影响。
煤气化渣富含二氧化硅(SiO2)、三氧化二铝(Al2O3)、氧化钙(CaO)、三氧化二铁(Fe2O3),且煤气化渣的主要矿相为非晶态铝硅酸盐,夹杂着石英、方解石等晶相。硅、铝、碳资源的化学组成特点和特殊的矿相构成是煤气化渣回收利用的基础。结合煤气化渣的特性,寻找合理且具有经济效益的处理方式,实现废弃物资源化,减少污染,将是今后的处理趋势。
发明内容
基于煤气化渣的物质特性,本发明提供一种具有较高的经济价值、环保的煤气化渣利用方法。该方法以煤气化渣为助烧剂,采用反应烧结技术制备碳化硅陶瓷膜。该碳化硅陶瓷膜具有极强的亲水性,较高的孔隙率,优异的机械强度。
该煤气化渣-多孔碳化硅陶瓷支撑体制备方法包括下述步骤:
(1)取煤气化渣干燥、破碎、过筛;
(2)将经过步骤(1)预处理后的煤气化渣与亚微米碳化硅、碳化硅(α-SiC)按照0.5-2∶5∶14的质量比称取;
(3)将步骤(2)所称取的粉体与水、高瓷铝球按照1∶2∶1的质量比加入聚氨酯罐(polyurethane,PU)中,将PU罐置于球磨机混合;
(4)使用真空抽滤泵将步骤(3)中混合后的粉体抽滤;
(5)将抽滤后的粉体烘干、过筛;
(6)将经步骤(5)处理的粉体与PVA、甘油混合并充分研磨;
(7)使用模压机将经步骤(6)处理的粉体压制成片状支撑体;
(8)将步骤(7)中制备的支撑体置于马弗炉中烧结,得到亲水碳化硅陶瓷膜。
进一步地,所述煤气化渣为是OMB(对置多烧嘴水煤浆气化工艺)典型气化工艺产生的气化细渣。
进一步地,所述煤气化渣是GSP(干法煤粉加压气化工艺)典型气化工艺产生的气化细渣。
进一步地,所述所用煤气化渣的平均粒径小于15 μm。
本发明有益效果在于:本发明首次尝试以煤气化渣为原料,采用反应烧结制备碳化硅陶瓷膜片,在对煤气化渣充分利用的同时也降低了烧结温度,达到降低成本、低碳环保的作用。本发明的制备方法工艺简单,制备的碳化硅膜片纯水渗透率高、且具有优异的机械强度。
附图说明
图1为所制备的多孔煤气化渣-碳化硅复合陶瓷支撑体的照片。
图2是实施例1中使用OMG典型气化工艺产生的煤气化渣作为助烧剂制备碳化硅陶瓷膜的表面扫描电镜图。
图3是实施例2中使用GSP典型气化工艺产生煤气化渣作为助烧剂制备碳化硅陶瓷膜的表面扫描电镜图。
具体实施方式
下面通用具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明,但本发明并不限于此。
实施例1
(1)采用OMG典型气化工艺产生的煤气化渣、亚微米碳化硅、α-SiC粉体为原料,将三种粉体按照0.5-2∶5∶14质量比称取。
(2)将粉体与水、高瓷铝球按照1∶2∶1的质量比加入PU罐中,并置于球磨机混合。
(3)将步骤(2)混合得到的粉体使用布氏漏斗抽滤24 h。
(4)将经步骤(3)抽滤后的粉体置于恒温干燥箱中干燥12 h。
(5)将PVA与去离子水加入锥形瓶中,加热数小时,制得PVA胶。
(6)在经步骤(4)干燥的粉体与PVA、甘油依次加入高铝研钵中充分研磨至混合均匀。
(7)将经步骤(6)混合均匀的粉体置于恒温干燥箱中干燥3 h。
(8)称取一定量的粉体混合物,使用模压机在一定压力下压制成型。
(9)将步骤(8)压制的碳化硅膜片置于马弗炉中在1200 ~ 1450 ℃下烧结,得到亲水碳化硅陶瓷膜片。其纯水渗透率达到34379.55 L·m-2·h-1·bar-1,抗弯强度为87 MPa,平均孔径为2.06 μm,孔隙率为33.45%。
实施例2
(1)采用GSP典型气化工艺产生的煤气化渣、亚微米碳化硅、α-SiC粉体为原料,将三种粉体按照0.5-2∶5∶14质量比称取。
(2)将粉体与水、高瓷铝球按照1∶2∶1的质量比加入PU罐中,并置于球磨机混合。
(3)将步骤(2)混合得到的粉体使用布氏漏斗抽滤24 h。
(4)将经步骤(3)抽滤后的粉体置于恒温干燥箱中干燥12 h。
(5)将PVA与去离子水加入锥形瓶中,加热数小时,制得PVA胶。
(6)在经步骤(4)干燥的粉体与PVA、甘油依次加入高铝研钵中充分研磨至混合均匀。
(7)将经步骤(6)混合均匀的粉体置于恒温干燥箱中干燥3 h。
(8)称取一定量的粉体混合物,使用模压机在一定压力下压制成型。
(9)将步骤(8)压制的碳化硅膜片置于马弗炉中在1200 ~ 1450 ℃下烧结,得到亲水碳化硅陶瓷膜片。其纯水渗透率达到34379.55 L·m-2·h-1·bar-1,抗弯强度为87 MPa,平均孔径为2.06 μm,孔隙率为33.45%。
以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例,并不用于限制本发明。凡是利用本发明说明书所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,以及不脱离本发明构思前提下做出的若干改进、等同替换,均在本发明的专利保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种多孔煤气化渣-碳化硅复合陶瓷支撑体制备方法,其特征在于包括下述步骤:
(1)取煤气化渣干燥、破碎、过筛;
(2)将经过步骤(1)预处理后的煤气化渣与亚微米碳化硅、碳化硅(α-SiC)按照0.5-2∶5∶14的质量比称取;
(3)将步骤(2)所称取的粉体与水、高瓷铝球按照1∶2∶1的质量比加入聚氨酯罐(polyurethane,PU)中,将PU罐置于球磨机混合;
(4)使用真空抽滤泵将步骤(3)中混合后的粉体抽滤;
(5)将抽滤后的粉体烘干、过筛;
(6)将经步骤(5)处理的粉体与PVA、甘油混合并充分研磨;
(7)使用模压机将经步骤(6)处理的粉体压制成片状支撑体;
(8)将步骤(7)中制备的支撑体置于马弗炉中烧结,得到亲水碳化硅陶瓷膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种多孔煤气化渣-碳化硅复合陶瓷支撑体制备方法,其特征在于:所述煤气化渣为工业固体废弃物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多孔煤气化渣-碳化硅复合陶瓷支撑体制备方法,其特征在于所述煤气化渣是OMB(对置多烧嘴水煤浆气化工艺)典型气化工艺产生的气化细渣。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多孔煤气化渣-碳化硅复合陶瓷支撑体制备方法,其特征在于所述煤气化渣是GSP(干法煤粉加压气化工艺)典型气化工艺产生的气化细渣。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种多孔煤气化渣-碳化硅复合陶瓷支撑体制备方法,其特征在于:所用煤气化渣的平均粒径小于15 μm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种多孔煤气化渣-碳化硅复合陶瓷支撑体制备方法,其特征在于:烧结气氛为空气。
7.一种多孔煤气化渣-碳化硅复合陶瓷膜支撑体,其特征在于,所述多孔煤气化渣-碳化硅复合陶瓷膜支撑体根据权利要求1~6任一项所述的多孔煤气化渣-碳化硅复合陶瓷膜支撑体的制备方法制得。
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