CN117130099A - Ultra-large scale photoelectric hybrid calculation array based on multimode interferometer - Google Patents
Ultra-large scale photoelectric hybrid calculation array based on multimode interferometer Download PDFInfo
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
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- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
- G02B6/2808—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using a mixing element which evenly distributes an input signal over a number of outputs
- G02B6/2813—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using a mixing element which evenly distributes an input signal over a number of outputs based on multimode interference effect, i.e. self-imaging
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
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Abstract
The application discloses a super-large-scale photoelectric hybrid computing array based on multimode interferometers, which adopts a parallel multi-row structure, wherein each row of the super-large-scale photoelectric hybrid computing array comprises an optical signal input port, a plurality of multimode interferometers and n photoelectric hybrid computing units, the optical power of the optical input signals is evenly distributed to each photoelectric hybrid computing unit on the same row of the photoelectric hybrid computing array under the action of the multimode interferometers, each photoelectric hybrid computing unit comprises a multiplication computing unit and a photoelectric conversion device, and an optical output signal output after the operation of the multiplication computing unit is converted into a current signal through the photoelectric conversion device and summed on a corresponding electric output bus connected with the optical output signal. The application can realize the ultra-large-scale photoelectric hybrid calculation array on the chip, is not limited by the process limit and the light source limit of the photon device, and can further accelerate the commercialization of the photon calculation chip to be landed.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of photon calculation, in particular to a super-large-scale photoelectric hybrid calculation array based on a multimode interferometer.
Background
The photonic computing chip with the photonic devices as basic units is constructed by using the photonic devices, photons with high speed and low power consumption can be used as carriers of information, and the photonic computing chip is considered as a scheme with the most promising future high-speed, ultra-large-scale, large data volume, artificial intelligent computing and brain-like computing, and is expected to promote a new industrial revolution. Existing more conventional photon computing chip technology paths that can be used for multiplication computation are: photon calculations are implemented by using Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) or micro-Ring Structures (MMRs), for example, as disclosed in Chinese patent CN115905792, CN113392965, and the calculation arrays formed on the basis of these are as disclosed in Chinese patent CN10407644, CN 116107037. Other photonic computing chip technology paths exist, such as a photoelectric hybrid computing unit based on phase change materials, as disclosed in chinese patent CN 201880086978.0; or photon calculation arrays for on-chip large-scale matrix multiplication such as electro-optic modulators based on light absorption effect proposed by the present inventors as disclosed in chinese patent CN202310669033.4, or photoelectric hybrid calculation units and photoelectric hybrid calculation arrays based on carrier light absorption effect as disclosed in chinese patent CN 202310965549.3.
When the photonic computing chip adopts a cross-switch matrix architecture to form a computing array (the principle of the cross-switch matrix architecture is that input optical power is evenly distributed to each column through a traveling wave waveguide coupling device, and meanwhile, output optical signals of the same column after multiplication of the photonic computing unit are coupled to an optical waveguide through a column waveguide coupling device for summation or converted into current signals through a photoelectric conversion device for summation on a corresponding electric output bus connected with the optical waveguide coupling device), the following problems also exist:
the first waveguide coupling device and the second waveguide coupling device have the process limit, and the photoelectric hybrid computing units or the photon computing units cannot be infinitely interconnected, that is, the photoelectric hybrid computing array or the photon computing array can only have a limited number of photoelectric hybrid computing units or photon computing units on the same row or the same column, so that the formed single photoelectric hybrid computing array or photon computing array is limited in scale;
secondly, if the photonic computing chips are connected together through optical waveguides, the wiring area of the same layer is limited, the wiring of the optical waveguides becomes extremely complex, and the low-loss transmission when the waveguides are crossed is realized by utilizing a plurality of crossed optical waveguides, but the crossed optical waveguides are lossy, and the single loss is not about 0.15dB, but the superposition of the losses of the plurality of crossed optical waveguides in the process of forming the large-scale photonic computing array or the large-scale photonic computing array is not negligible;
thirdly, if the on-chip optical interconnection structure is utilized, the scale of the calculation matrix is enlarged through a plurality of photoelectric hybrid calculation arrays or photon calculation arrays with limited scale, and the optical signals are limited by the process of the optical combiner when summed, so that the photoelectric hybrid calculation arrays or photon calculation arrays cannot be further enlarged. The light beam combiner is used for summation, meanwhile, the requirement on the light source is high, and light with different wavelengths or light with the same wavelength but the same phase is required, so that the light beam combiner is limited in practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a super-large-scale photoelectric hybrid computing array based on a multimode interferometer.
The aim of the application is achieved by the following technical scheme:
the photoelectric hybrid computing array adopts a parallel multi-row structure, each row of the photoelectric hybrid computing array comprises an optical signal input port, a plurality of multi-mode interferometers and n photoelectric hybrid computing units, n is a non-zero natural number, optical power of an optical input signal is evenly distributed to each photoelectric hybrid computing unit on the same row under the action of the multi-mode interferometers after the optical input signal is input from the optical signal input port, each photoelectric hybrid computing unit comprises a multiplication computing unit and a photoelectric conversion device, and an optical output signal output after the operation of the multiplication computing unit is converted into a current signal through the photoelectric conversion device and summed on a corresponding electric output bus connected with the optical output signal.
Preferably, in each row of the photoelectric hybrid computing array, the multimode interferometer is connected with the photoelectric hybrid computing unit by adopting an optical waveguide; the multimode interferometers are connected with each other by adopting optical waveguides.
Preferably, the ratio of the light split of each of the multimode interferometers may be the same or different.
Preferably, one of the output ports of the multimode interferometer is optionally connected with a grating coupler for coupling the optical input signal not used for calculation out of the chip.
Preferably, the electrical output bus is a metal interconnect layer on a photonic computing chip.
Preferably, the wavelengths of the optical input signals of the optical signal input ports of each row of the optical-electrical hybrid computing array are different or the same.
Preferably, the number of rows of the photoelectric hybrid computing array and the number of columns of the electric output bus of the photoelectric hybrid computing array are both greater than or equal to 2.
Preferably, the multiplication unit includes an optical waveguide and a modulation element optically coupled to the optical waveguide, the modulation element is an electro-optical modulator based on light absorption effect, the electro-optical modulator uses an electrical signal as external excitation, and changes the absorption coefficient α of the optical waveguide containing free carriers to light by injecting current or applying voltage in a doped region thereof to change the free carrier concentration, so that the optical signal passing through the optical waveguide realizes multiplication.
Alternatively, the multiplication unit comprises an optical waveguide and a modulation element optically coupled to the optical waveguide, the modulation element being a phase change material deposited on the optical waveguide; the phase change material may optionally change its state by an optical signal as an external stimulus (i.e. a write signal), which is manifested by modifying the absorption coefficient α of light by an optical waveguide containing the phase change material.
Alternatively, the multiplication unit is a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) or a micro-ring structure (MRR).
The beneficial effects of the application are mainly as follows: the optical power of the optical input signal is averagely distributed to each photoelectric hybrid computing unit by utilizing a plurality of multimode interferometers on the row waveguide, the multiplication computing units carry out multiplication operation, the optical output signal output after the operation is converted into a current signal by the photoelectric conversion device, and finally summation operation is carried out by adopting an electric output bus architecture, so that the ultra-large-scale photoelectric hybrid computing array on the chip can be realized, the process limit and the light source limit of the photon device are avoided, and the commercialization of the photon computing chip can be further accelerated.
Drawings
The technical scheme of the application is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
fig. 1: the application relates to a schematic diagram of a super-large-scale photoelectric hybrid calculation array based on a multimode interferometer;
fig. 2: schematic diagram of the 3x8 photoelectric hybrid computing array of the application;
fig. 3: the number of the photoelectric hybrid calculation units is not 2 m An exemplary case of the individual hours;
fig. 4: the number of the photoelectric hybrid calculation units is not 2 m Another example of each instance.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments shown in the drawings. The embodiments are not limited to the present application, and structural, methodological, or functional modifications of the application from those skilled in the art are included within the scope of the application.
The application discloses a very large-scale photoelectric hybrid computing array based on a multimode interferometer, as shown in fig. 1, the photoelectric hybrid computing array 200 adopts a parallel multi-row structure, and each row 201-1, 201-2 and 201-n of the parallel multi-row structure is approximately the same or completely the same.
Referring specifically to fig. 2, the structure of each row of the photoelectric hybrid computing array includes an optical signal input port 100, a plurality of multimode interferometers 102, and n photoelectric hybrid computing units, where n is a non-zero natural number. The photoelectric hybrid computing unit in the present application includes a multiplication computing unit 103 and a photoelectric conversion device 104.
The optical signal input port 100 is configured to receive an external optical input signal. The present application provides a plurality of multimode interferometers 102, and the optical signal input port 100 is connected to two optical waveguides 101 after passing through one multimode interferometer 102. Further, a multimode interferometer 102 may be selectively disposed on each optical waveguide 101, and then the optical path is divided into two parts, and an optical-electrical hybrid computing unit is disposed on each optical waveguide 101 for computing.
The multimode interferometers are used for dividing one optical signal into two optical signals, and the optical power of the two output optical signals can be designed according to the requirements, i.e. the splitting ratio of each multimode interferometer 102 can be the same or different. However, in this patent, the optical power required by each of the photoelectric hybrid computing units in the same row of the photoelectric hybrid computing array is equal, so the light splitting ratio of the multimode interferometer is set to be 50%:50%.
The principle of the application is as follows: an optical input signal is input from the optical signal input port 100, and then the optical power of the optical input signal is evenly distributed to each of the optical-electrical hybrid computing units on the same optical-electrical hybrid computing array under the action of the multimode interferometer 102. The optical output signals outputted after operation by the multiplication unit 103 in the optical-electrical hybrid calculation unit are converted into current signals by the optical-electrical conversion device 104, and summed on the corresponding electrical output bus 105 connected thereto. The magnitude of the current signal is proportional to the power of the light output signal. The electrical output bus 105 may generally employ a metal interconnect layer on a photonic computing chip.
Although the beam splitting ratio of the multimode interferometer 102 can be designed, in consideration of the manufacturing process tolerance and device uniformity, the beam splitting ratio of the multimode interferometer is set as disclosed in the preferred embodimentCalculated as 50%:50%. In this case, the number of photoelectric hybrid computing units on each row is preferably 2 m And m is a natural number. This is because each electro-optical hybrid computing unit requires that the power of the optical input signal be equal, which maximizes the utilization of each multimode interferometer.
However, if the number of photoelectric hybrid computing units on each row is not 2 m In some cases, some ports are suspended and are not connected with the photoelectric hybrid computing unit. As shown in fig. 3, in one case, two outputs of one multimode interferometer, one of which is used for calculation, i.e. the optoelectric hybrid calculation unit can be connected as described above; while the other output is floating and not used for computation, the output may be connected to a grating coupler 106. Since the grating coupler 106 functions to couple external light into the on-chip waveguide, the optical signal on the on-chip waveguide can also be coupled out of the outside. Thus in this example, an optical input signal that is not used for computation may be coupled out of the chip exterior by the grating coupler 106.
In another case, as shown in fig. 4, where one or both outputs of the multiple multimode interferometers are not used for computation, then these non-used outputs may be selectively connected to a grating coupler 106, and the non-used optical input signals are coupled out of the chip through the grating coupler 106.
The wavelengths of the optical input signals of the optical signal input ports of each row of the photoelectric hybrid computing array are different or the same from each other. In a preferred embodiment of the photon calculation array, the wavelengths of the light input signals of different rows are different, so as to avoid interference phenomenon generated by the photon calculation unit when the light output signals after multiplication are added, and influence the accuracy of photon calculation. Because the application adopts the photoelectric hybrid computing architecture based on the electric bus, the wavelengths of the optical input signals of different photoelectric hybrid computing arrays can be the same, and the requirement on the wavelength of a light source is reduced.
The multiplication unit 103 applied to the photoelectric hybrid calculation unit of the present application may take various forms. The present application is exemplified by the following three.
The first multiplication unit 103 includes an optical waveguide and a modulation element optically coupled to the optical waveguide, the modulation element being an electro-optical modulator based on an optical absorption effect, the electro-optical modulator using an electrical signal as an external stimulus, changing an absorption coefficient α of the optical waveguide containing free carriers to light by injecting a current or applying a voltage to change the free carrier concentration thereof in a doped region thereof, thereby enabling the optical signal passing through the optical waveguide to implement multiplication.
The second multiplication unit 103 comprises an optical waveguide and a modulation element optically coupled to the optical waveguide, the modulation element being a phase change material deposited on the optical waveguide; the phase change material may optionally change its state by an optical signal as an external stimulus, i.e. a write signal, which is manifested by modifying the absorption coefficient α of light by an optical waveguide containing the phase change material.
The third multiplication unit 103 adopts a mach-zehnder interferometer MZI or a micro-ring structure MRR.
The application is explained below by means of specific examples.
Fig. 2 presents a 3x8 optoelectric hybrid computing array employing the structure of the present application. The optical waveguides of the same row on the photoelectric hybrid computing array are provided with 8 photoelectric hybrid computing units, the power of an optical input signal is averagely distributed to multiplication computing units 103 of the 8 photoelectric hybrid computing units through 7 multimode interferometers 102, after the multiplication computing units 103 of each row complete multiplication operation, an optical output signal with a multiplication operation result is converted into a current signal through a photoelectric conversion device 104, and then the current signals of different rows are respectively summed through 8 electric output buses 105, so that 8 electric output signals are obtained.
The above list of detailed descriptions is only specific to practical embodiments of the present application, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and all equivalent embodiments or modifications that do not depart from the spirit of the present application should be included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The ultra-large scale photoelectric hybrid calculation array based on the multimode interferometer is characterized in that: the photoelectric hybrid computing array (200) adopts a parallel multi-row structure, each row of the photoelectric hybrid computing array comprises an optical signal input port (100), a plurality of multimode interferometers (102) and n photoelectric hybrid computing units (103), n is a non-zero natural number, optical power of optical input signals is evenly distributed to each photoelectric hybrid computing unit on the same row under the action of the multimode interferometers (102) after the optical input signals are input from the optical signal input port (100), each photoelectric hybrid computing unit comprises a multiplication computing unit (103) and a photoelectric conversion device (104), and optical output signals output after operation of the multiplication computing units (103) are converted into current signals through the photoelectric conversion device (104) and summed on a corresponding electric output bus (105) connected with the optical output signals.
2. The multi-mode interferometer based ultra-large scale optoelectric hybrid computing array of claim 1, wherein: in each row of the photoelectric hybrid computing array, the multimode interferometer (102) is connected with the photoelectric hybrid computing unit by adopting an optical waveguide (101); the multimode interferometers (102) are connected with each other by an optical waveguide (101).
3. The multi-mode interferometer based ultra-large scale optoelectric hybrid computing array of claim 1, wherein: the ratio of the light split of each of the multimode interferometers (102) may be the same or different.
4. The multi-mode interferometer based ultra large scale optoelectric hybrid computing array of claim 3 wherein: one of the output ports of the multimode interferometer (102) is optionally connected with a grating coupler (106) for coupling the optical input signal not used for calculation out of the chip.
5. The multi-mode interferometer based ultra-large scale optoelectric hybrid computing array of claim 1, wherein: the electrical output bus (105) is a metal interconnect layer on a photonic computing chip.
6. The multi-mode interferometer based ultra-large scale optoelectric hybrid computing array of claim 1, wherein: the wavelengths of the optical input signals of the optical signal input ports of each row of the photoelectric hybrid computing array are different or the same.
7. The multi-mode interferometer based ultra-large scale optoelectric hybrid computing array of claim 1, wherein: the number of rows of the photoelectric hybrid computing array and the number of columns of the electric output buses are both greater than or equal to 2.
8. The multi-mode interferometer based ultra large scale optoelectric hybrid computing array of any one of claims 1-7, wherein: the multiplication unit (103) comprises an optical waveguide and a modulation element optically coupled to the optical waveguide, wherein the modulation element is an electro-optical modulator based on the light absorption effect, the electro-optical modulator uses an electric signal as external excitation, and the absorption coefficient alpha of the optical waveguide containing free carriers for light is changed by injecting current or applying voltage in a doped region of the electro-optical modulator to change the concentration of the free carriers, so that the optical signal passing through the optical waveguide realizes multiplication.
9. The multi-mode interferometer based ultra large scale optoelectric hybrid computing array of any one of claims 1-7, wherein: the multiplication unit (103) comprises an optical waveguide and a modulation element optically coupled to the optical waveguide, the modulation element being a phase change material deposited on the optical waveguide; the phase change material may optionally change its state by an optical signal as an external stimulus (i.e. a write signal), which is manifested by modifying the absorption coefficient α of light by an optical waveguide containing the phase change material.
10. The multi-mode interferometer based ultra large scale optoelectric hybrid computing array of any one of claims 1-7, wherein: the multiplication unit (103) is a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) or a micro-ring structure (MRR).
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