CN1171298A - Combined antiwear impact hammer exchangeable easily and quickly - Google Patents

Abstract

A combined antiwear impact hammer exchangeable easily and quickly is a principal part of impact breaker, and is composed of a hammer with dovetail slots at both ends and a hammer handle with dovetail convex edges at both ends for matching with hammer. Said hammer handle has a locating unit, which makes hammer handle swing only around hanging axle when breaker works while hammer and its handle are locked together. When breaker stops, hammer handle can move along hanging axle for exchanging hammer. Its advantages are high productivity and antiwear performance, and easy and quick change of hammer.

Description

Easy quick-replaceable combined antiwear jump bit

The present invention relates to a kind of easy quick-replaceable combined antiwear jump bit, it is a main part in addition of hammer mill, be applicable to various hammer mills such as vertical, horizontal, can be used for newly-designed disintegrating machine, also can be used for transforming existing disintegrating machine, it is widely used in each industrial departments such as mine, metallurgy, building materials, chemical industry.

As everyone knows, hammer mill is a kind of crushing mechanism of extensive use, and it has that the ratio of reduction is big, output is high, crushing product is thinner and characteristics such as even, is applicable to each industrial departments such as mine, metallurgy, building materials, chemical industry.The working mechanism of hammer mill is: on a rotating main shaft hammer dish is housed, several hanging scrolls are housed on the hammer dish, claim them to make rotor, between the hammer dish by the articulated jump bit of hanging scroll, jump bit can be swung an angle between the hammer dish, jump bit and rotor are together made high speed rotary, and jump bit impacts ore, makes ore reduction.The energy of disintegrating machine is mainly by the tup transmission, and the structure of tup, shape, size, weight, rub proofness, installation and maintenance workload etc. all play very crucial decisive role for the capacity usage ratio of hammer mill, the scope of application, running expense, running rate, maintenance capacity etc.Existing jump bit has three kinds of structural shapes promptly: overall structure type, composite junction configuration and combining structure type.The work end of jump bit is promptly hammered into shape with the ore contact position and is called tup, partly is called hammer handle between tup and the hinged hanging scroll.Overall structure type jump bit is the most common and commonly used a kind of, and it is to be formed by the commaterial manufacturing.Thereby the working mechanism of hammer mill requires tup should have enough hardness to improve the anti-wear performance of jump bit with the erosion of opposing ore, hammer handle and suspension place simultaneously should have enough toughness and intensity to fracture to prevent it, because whole jump bit is by the same material manufacturing, be difficult to obtain all good result of hardness and toughness, so at first satisfying hammer handle and have selection and manufacturing under the condition of good impact flexibility, the abrasion resistance properties of tup is all good inadequately like this.The operating efficiency that may wear to when a certain amount of when 15% left and right sides in whole jump bit weight (general) hammer mill when tup just descends significantly, the crushing product chap, output reduces, energy consumption increases, and at this moment just must change tup, and the jump bit under changing can only be disposed as old metal, so the utilization rate of jump bit material is low, the cost height, maintenance load is big, therefore also is restricted for the high material of abrasion is broken.Compound jump bit generally is by the bimetallic manufacturing, it is normally formed by method compound manufacturings on the hammer handle with good impact flexibility and intensity such as casting or welding by harder high-abrasive material, the anti-wear performance of this jump bit is better, have enough impact strengths again, but the manufacturing process complexity of this jump bit, cost is higher, make the consumable accessory expense height of disintegrating machine, also can only make waste material and handle when tup may wear to the tup that is replaced after a certain amount of and handle, therefore it also to exist the utilization rate of metal material low, the expense height, problem such as maintenance load is big.The jump bit of combining structure is made up of a tup and two hammer handles, have two T type grooves on the tup, it is distributed in the two ends of tup, has T type convex edge on the hammer handle, the convex edge of the two hammer handles groove of packing into from the two ends of tup has respectively promptly been formed a complete jump bit, tup with together be contained in again on the rotor of disintegrating machine after handle connects owing to be subjected to restriction on structure and the intensity, this jump bit size is bigger, and it is also comparatively complicated to change tup in addition.Therefore can not design less and require a fairly large number of occasion of tup, it is a kind of large-scale, heavy jump bit pattern, its weight is only applicable on the Large Crusher at the 50--120 kilogram.

In sum; the jump bit of present various hammer mills all exists the characteristics and the scope of application separately; but on the mounting means on the rotor of hammer type crusher, all exist very similarity; they all are that hanging scroll by several length is hinged on jump bit on the rotor disk; change tup and all must at first lay down the fixture of hanging scroll; withdraw from this long hanging scroll again; after being placed on corresponding position, the old tup that replaces respectively wearing and tearing with new tup puts in back hanging scroll and fixture; if need changing also, one of them of row's tup must repeat aforesaid operations; in this process; for all acting on this long hanging scroll with its gravity of the jump bit on the hanging scroll etc.; increase the difficulty of loading and unloading, caused the replacing tup to waste time and energy, need take long downtime; influence the operation of a machine rate, limit its range of application.Because belonging to, hammer mill concentrates wearing and tearing class crushing mechanism, the wear extent of tup is a some maximum in the entire machine wear extent, the daily replacing of consumable accessory jump bit just accounts for the main part of disintegrating machine regular maintenance amount, the height of its expense is directly connected to the height and the scope of application of this operation of a machine expense, therefore, invent a kind of simple and direct flexibly, the jump bit of fast changeable, simultaneously, on the structure of jump bit, help improving the frame mode of abrasion resistance properties of jump bit again to the hammer mill particular importance that just seems.Referring to the 91st page of " use of stone crusher and maintenance " China Railway Press nineteen eighty-three.

Problem in view of above-mentioned prior art, task of the present invention is that a kind of tup of design is wear-resistant, the jump bit that the while hammer handle has enough impact strengths again, particularly change easily fast, in conjunction with firm, to change tup unrestricted, and make easily, cost is low, weight range is wide, extensive suitable jump bit.

The present invention is achieved in that two ends have the tup of retaining groove, is installed on two hammer handles that have with the corresponding convex edge of above-mentioned retaining groove, and they promptly form a jump bit unit, and convex edge on the hammer handle and the groove on the tup match.The reaction force of the centrifugal force of tup and impact ore etc. all acts on the hammer handle by the convex edge.And by hammer handle act on the hanging scroll and (or) on the hammer dish.The position of tup is by the retaining face of groove and the entity between two grooves and hammer handle location, and the convex edge of hammer handle is from the two side ends of the tup groove of packing into, and the loading and unloading tup is as long as pack the convex edge of hammer handle into or just shift out and can realize from the groove of tup.Jump bit of the present invention does not need the hanging scroll of dismounting hammer handle during tup in loading and unloading, but for hammer handle leaves one on its hanging scroll can be along the axially movable metric space of hanging scroll, this distance can be finished the installation and the replacing of tup.Because hammer mill when work tup always is in centrifugal radiation direction, jump bit hits and will lose some kinetic energy behind the material and swing an angle backward, can not swing forward generally speaking or the bigger angle of swing forward.Therefore the present invention then utilizes these characteristics that a hammer handle positioner is set, it can realize that hammer handle can only and can not move axially along its hanging scroll around its hanging scroll do swing in certain zone, this zone is the normal operation region of tup, the wobble area when promptly above-mentioned tup is worked.And hammer handle can move axially along its hanging scroll beyond this zone, and this zone can be used for installing and changing tup.During the disintegrating machine running, the hammer handle of jump bit always is in the positioning states of locking vertically of hammer handle positioner, therefore, tup can not come off from hammer handle, and when disintegrating machine stops, jump bit is moved to positioner not behind the locked position, apply an external force again and hammer handle is moved along its hanging scroll make its convex edge, lower end from the tup groove, just shift out and to have removed stage makeup and costume tup.

The hammer handle positioner of above-mentioned jump bit can adopt hammer handle (or hammer dish) to go up the mode of protruding pin (or boss) and corresponding hammer dish with it (or hammer handle) upper concave hole; Or boss on the hammer handle and the mode of adjacent hammer handle convex platform (or shrinkage pool); And with hammer handle from as on boss and the adjacent hammer dish on specific direction mode or the like of fluting (being equivalent to above-mentioned shrinkage pool).The not locked position of above-mentioned hammer handle (being position or boss and the not inconsistent position of boss that boss or pin enter shrinkage pool) should be as far as possible not in the normal swing district of tup, the optimum position is to be in tup impacted on the opposite direction of back swaying direction by ore, and the angle of the direction of this direction and the normal swing of tup is big more, tup is reliable more with combining of hammer handle, hammer handle is owing to be subjected to the effect of above-mentioned pin or platform and the centrifugal action of tup when operate as normal for tup, and tup and hammer handle keep strong bonded.

For improving the reliability of tup and hammer handle combination, prevent to make hammer handle and tup disengaging in the replacing district of stopping and the initial stage hammer handle of driving enters tup unexpectedly, an elasticity original paper can be installed to be pressed in hammer handle in the groove of tup, change the district to stop hammer handle to enter, this elasticity original paper can be enclosed within on the hanging scroll of hammer handle, and it does not influence the normal mounting and the replacing of tup.

The retaining groove of tup can adopt T-slot or dovetail groove and have the groove pattern that can pack hammer handle into and can stop hammer handle to withdraw from from the centrifugal direction of tup from the tup side.

Adopt the combined antiwear jump bit of changing fast easily of the present invention to have significant advantage and advance than existing various jump bits:

At first, it is that working mechanism according to the hammer mill hammer performance demands that liquidates designs, and the erosion that tup mainly bears material is impacted and self centrifugal force, thus can adopt the high-abrasive material manufacturing of higher hardness, as rich chromium cast iron and potassium steel etc.Hammer handle bears effects such as the centrifugal force of tup and impulsive force, therefore requires hammer handle that good shock resistance should be arranged, and can adopt the high-quality structural steel manufacturing.The two is combined into one has promptly brought into play advantage separately, has improved the abrasion resistance properties of tup.Only tup is partly and hammer handle can use for a long time as parts of machine for consumable accessory, it has not only improved the balance quality of machine, and the tup that changes only is the some of whole jump bit, simultaneously the shape of tup can consider to bear the shaped design after the ore impact wear, the weight of the tup that changes like this will reduce as much as possible, therefore the utilization rate of high-abrasive material has increased substantially, thereby has reduced the operation of a machine expense.

Secondly, the present invention has adopted the locate mode in unique self-locking zone to change tup, when disintegrating machine turns round, hammer handle is in along hanging scroll axial location state, suffered each power of tup can be delivered to reliably on the hammer handle and by hammer handle and positioner be delivered on the hanging scroll and the hammer dish on, and guarantee that it is firm with combining of hammer handle.When machine stops, hammer handle just may be in positioner delocalization position, but because hammer handle is not subjected to axially making it break away from the power effect of tup groove along its hanging scroll, therefore, tup can not come off yet, thereby guarantee it in conjunction with reliable, when needs replacing tup, can realize simultaneously as long as apply a little external force.Owing to do not need to use any special tool(s) just can realize loading and unloading tup; saved the step of the long hanging scroll of dismounting; can change indivedual tups separately again, owing to do not have the interference of other part, and also relative weight is light; resistance is little; do not have bolt, the securing member of pin and so on needs dismounting, thereby shorten to change tup shared downtime significantly; improve the operation of a machine rate, realized easy quick-replaceable characteristics.

The 3rd, because this hammer handle positioner is very simple, and can be attached on hammer handle or the hammer dish, help processing and manufacturing and heat treatment, the hammer handle positioner can use for a long time as parts of machine, thereby has reduced manufacturing cost and running expense.There is not anything strictly to limit on this hammehead structure size, so it is applicable on the hammer mill of large, medium and small all size such as grade.

At last; the easily quick manufacturing respectively that wear-resisting again jump bit structure has realized tup and hammer handle of changing of the present invention; it more can improve the wearability of tup fully; particularly thereby fast changeable shortens the maintenance outage time significantly, has solved this key issue of wearing and tearing of tup from another angle.Realized simple, quick, reliable, economic and suitable wide requirement.New range of application for the developing hammer mill provides a new technological approaches to the fragmentation that solves high abrasion mineral.

Most preferred embodiment of the present invention can provide in conjunction with the following drawings:

Fig. 1 is the generalized section of facing of the example one of the present invention in vertical hammer mill

Fig. 2 is the vertical view of the example one of the present invention in vertical hammer mill

Fig. 3 is the generalized section of facing of the example two of the present invention in horizontal hammer mill

Fig. 4 is the A-A partial sectional view of the example two of the present invention in horizontal hammer mill

Fig. 5 is the generalized section of facing of the example three of the present invention in horizontal hammer mill

Fig. 6 is the B-B partial sectional view of the example three of the present invention in horizontal hammer mill

Fig. 7 is the generalized section of facing of the example four of the present invention in horizontal hammer mill

Fig. 8 is the C-C partial sectional view of the example four of the present invention in horizontal hammer mill

The present invention armature spindle be in the vertical vertical hammer mill of placing application as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, on rotating main shaft, fixing the hammer dish that several pieces are used to hang jump bit, they constitute the rotor 1 of disintegrating machine, on the hammer dish, be uniform-distribution with the pin-and-hole that several are used to hang jump bit, hanging scroll 2 passes hammer handle 4 and the hammer handle 6 that the articulated end of pin-and-hole has the dovetail shaped convex edge, the tup 5 that two ends have the dovetail shaped groove is installed between hammer handle 4 and the hammer handle 6, tup 5 and hammer handle 4, hammer handle 6 has constituted a jump bit unit, its circumferential uniform several such impact unit in the rotor upper edge, and main shaft axially also can and the such jump bit of columns row.The cylindrical pin 7 of a protrusion is set on hammer handle 4, and generally it plays restriction hammer handle 4 moving axially on its hanging scroll, thereby realizes the axial location locking function of hammer handle and tup.On the hammer dish of rotor 1, pin-and-hole center with hanging scroll 2 is the center of circle, be to be shaped on a hole on the circular arc of radius with the distance at cylindrical pin 7 centers on the hammer handle 4 to hammer handle pin-and-hole center, cylindrical pin 7 on the hammer handle 4 is in the hole that just can enter on the specific direction on the hammer dish, here hammer handle just can move axially along its hanging scroll, and this position is exactly the loading position of tup.Cylindrical pin of protruding on the hammer handle 7 and the hammer dish that has the hole promptly are hammer handle positioners of the present invention.The program that tup is installed is at first a groove of tup 5 to be installed on the convex edge of hammer handle 6, and then hammer handle 4 moved down, its convex edge, end is snapped in another groove in the tup 5, be installed put in place after, cylindrical pin 7 on the hammer handle 4 just can shift out in the hole on the hammer dish, rotates the stagger position in hole on the hammer dish of whole jump bit and has just realized the installation of tup.The program of dismounting is opposite with installation.Jump bit in when work because to be subjected to action of centrifugal force be to distribute along the radiation direction, jump bit is then swung an angle after hitting material backward, therefore, the direction of loading and unloading tup is arranged on the direction opposite with swaying direction behind the jump bit strike material, be about to pin 7 and be arranged on the hammer handle position of center line, being in the position in hole on the hammer dish with hanging scroll 2 centers is the center of circle, is that benchmark turns on the identical super previous angle with rotor with the radiation of rotor center by hanging scroll 2.So just realize the positioning and locking function and improved the adeciduate reliability of tup, when machine stops, the gravity of hammer handle and tup etc. all is vertically downward, can not make hammer handle 4 move up (even arriving the hammer handle positioner not during locked position), tup can not come off, when machine works, when tup is subjected to partly along the axial lateral forces of suspended axle, this power can pass on the rotor by hammer handle 6, also can pass on the rotor by the pin on the hammer handle 47.Changing tup has only required that an external force moves upward hammer handle 4 and just can realize.Hammer handle 4 reliability of play upwards when stopping for being increased in, can overlap a spring 3 on the hanging scroll 2 of hammer handle 4, the additional elastic force of this spring is given hammer handle 4, makes it press to tup 5, thereby guarantee the invariant position that is installed between tup and the hammer handle, reliability will be higher like this.This example also can be used for rotor and make horizontally disposed horizontal hammer mill, and its operation principle is identical, and structure can be general.

The present invention easily changes the combined antiwear jump bit fast and also can adopt structure as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 to be used for horizontal hammer mill.Hang with hammer handle 4 and hammer handle 6 each two altogether at rotor 1 upper edge hammer handle hanging scroll 2, be installed with tup 5 in the bottom of per two hammer handles by the dovetail shaped convex edge, they have constituted a basic replacing unit, can hang with many said units on crusher rotor.On the adjacent hammer handle 4 in two centres in the unit, be shaped on a boss 7 respectively, they are in along hammer handle hanging scroll center is on the garden camber line of the garden heart, when disintegrating machine is worked, tup always is in centrifugal outside state, boss 7 on two hammer handles 4 is to conflict relatively at this moment, boss 7 plays a part axial location, and hammer handle 4 can only can not be done to move axially along its hanging scroll 2 around its hanging scroll 2 swings.When swinging an angle backward when losing some speed behind the jump bit impact material, might there be an angle between two hammer handles 4, but the boss on hammer handle 4 in this angle will conflicted, and hammer handle is can not be axially movable along its hanging scroll, so tup just can not come off yet.Have only after machine stops, with two hammer handles 4 move intersect to surpass a specific angle after, boss on it just can not offset, and move one of them hammer handle just and the convex edge of hammer handle can be shifted out from the tup groove to another this moment, so just can realize having changed tup.Changing the required angle of moving of tup is that the not inconsistent mutually angle of boss 7 on the hammer handle 4 should be good greater than half of the free pivot angle of tup, and the adeciduate reliability of the big more then tup of this angle is high more, if with the distribution of this boss on hammer handle 4 is not make symmetry with the hammer handle centre symmetry line to distribute, be that boss is when the arc length on its centre symmetry line both sides, hammer handle 4 upper edges is inequality, then change tup and just have more directionality, the adeciduate reliability of tup will double than hammer handle 4 convex platform symmetric arrangement.

For preventing to stop and drive that the unexpected play of hammer handle 4 causes coming off of tup when initial, can on the hanging scroll 2 between two hammer handles 4, overlap a spring 3, this spring is additional to make it press to tup 5 to power on the hammer handle 4, keep the position that is installed between tup 5 and hammer handle 4 and the hammer handle 6, thereby improve the reliability of combination.

The easily quick replacing combined antiwear of the present invention jump bit also can adopt as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, and mode is used for horizontal crusher.Fixing the hammer dish that several pieces are used to hang tup on rotor 1, be installed with hanging scroll 2 on it, hinge is knotted hammer handle 6 hammer handles 4 and hammer handle 8 on the hanging scroll 2, is clamping tup 5 in the lower end of hammer handle 6 and hammer handle 4 by the dovetail shaped convex edge; Lower end at another hammer handle 6 and hammer handle 8 is also clamping tup 5; They are formed a tup and change the unit.On hammer handle 4, be shaped on a pin 7 that protrudes, be shaped on the hammer handle 8 a corresponding pin-and-hole that can hold pin 7 in normal circumstances the pin 7 on the hammer handle 4 be to hammer handle 8, thereby guarantee between tup and the hammer handle mutual alignment constant be tup and hammer handle locked position, when machine stops when being used to change tup, earlier when moving a specific angle between hammer handle 4 and the hammer handle 8, pin 7 on the hammer handle 4 just can enter in the pin-and-hole on the hammer handle 8, this moment, hammer handle 4 or hammer handle 8 just can move a distance along its hanging scroll 2, and this distance can be used to change tup 5.Be the convenience of making and narrating, hammer handle 6 can substitute with hammer handle 8, so also just can be simplified to hammer handle 4 and hammer handle 6 (hammer handle 6 is identical with hammer handle 8 in this scheme).The required two hammer handle intersecting angles of above-mentioned replacing tup are good during greater than the freely swing angle of jump bit on its hanging scroll over half, and the reliability that the big more then tup of this angle can freely not come off is then high more, for preventing the unexpected play between the hammer handle 4 and hammer handle 8 when stopping or drive, one spring 3 can be installed on its hanging scroll, the additional external force of this spring makes hammer handle press to separately tup, and the reliability of mechanism will be higher like this.

The easily quick replacing combined antiwear of the present invention jump bit also can adopt scheme as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8: when being used for horizontal crusher, on rotor 1, hanging hammer handle 4 and hammer handle 6 by hanging scroll 2, in the lower end of hammer handle 4 and hammer handle 6 by the dovetail shaped convex edge tup 5 that is being installed, on the limit of hammer handle 4 and with epitrochanterian hammer dish, fixing hammer handle positioner 7 abreast, it is to be that benchmark is along the circumferential groove that can hold hammer handle 4 that has by the axle center with hanging scroll 2 on the plate that resembles the hammer dish, what hammer handle 4 can be along hanging scroll 2 in specific zone axially enters this groove, this zone is exactly the installation replacing district of tup, and the zone beyond this is the non-installation replacing district of tup, the interception that hammer handle 4 is subjected to positioner 7 makes the mutual alignment of tup and hammer handle remain unchanged, tup is in non-installation always changes the district when work, have only after machine stops, hammer handle just may arrive changes the district, because the axial force along hanging scroll 2 that does not make hammer handle throw off tup exists, hammer handle 4 can not enter in the groove of positioner 7, tup can not come off, and when needs are changed tup, as long as adding a power just can realize the groove that hammer handle 4 pushes positioner 7, for improving the reliability that tup and hammer handle link, can be on the hanging scroll in the groove of positioner 72 spring 3 of suit with additional power that does not allow hammer handle 4 enter positioner 7 upper grooves, the optimum orientation of positioner 7 upper grooves should be the opposite direction of swaying direction when working with hammer handle.This example can be by the public same positioner 7 of another adjacent secondary jump bit.This example also can be used for standing crusher, in standing crusher positioner 7 be placed on hammer handle 4 above reliability higher.

Claims (7)

1. easily change the combined antiwear jump bit fast for one kind, be by the tup (5) that two ends have a retaining groove be installed on two ends have with the hammer handle (4) of this corresponding convex edge of groove and hammer handle (6) on combine, feature of the present invention is that the hanging scroll (2) at hammer handle is useful on the hammer handle turnover zone of changing tup (5) and has the hammer handle positioner on axially, this hammer handle positioner allows hammer handle to move axially with realization loading and unloading tup along its hanging scroll (2) in the specific region, and can only do to swing around hanging scroll in other zone.

2. protrude the location pattern of pin and hammer handle upper concave hole on its hammer handle positioner employing hammer handle of jump bit according to claim 1 on the location pattern of protrusion pin 7 and hammer dish upper concave hole or the hammer dish.

3. its hammer handle positioner of jump bit according to claim 1 adopts hammer handle convex platform and hammer handle convex platform corresponding location pattern or adopts hammer handle convex platform and the corresponding location of hammer dish convex platform pattern.

4. its hammer handle positioner of jump bit according to claim 1 adopts the location pattern of opening the groove that can hold hammer handle 4 on the hammer dish (7).

5. should be on the direction opposite according to the hammer handle 4 of the described jump bit of claim 1 to 4 with swaying direction behind the jump bit impact ore along the axially movable optimum orientation of its suspended axle (2).

6. according to being that a spring (3) is installed as the described jump bit of claim 1 to 5 in the best that moves axially on the direction of hammer handle 4, this spring can be enclosed within on the hanging scroll (2).

7. the retaining groove according to the described tup of claim 1 to 6 adopts the dovetail shaped groove.

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