CN117128587A - 蒸发冷却空调与新型再生膜式除湿集成系统 - Google Patents

蒸发冷却空调与新型再生膜式除湿集成系统 Download PDF

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CN117128587A
CN117128587A CN202310943901.3A CN202310943901A CN117128587A CN 117128587 A CN117128587 A CN 117128587A CN 202310943901 A CN202310943901 A CN 202310943901A CN 117128587 A CN117128587 A CN 117128587A
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王四宝
叶青
邵运璘
桂豪杰
杨杰
高方锐
吴凯尧
张笛
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Chongqing University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
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    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
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    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
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Abstract

本发明的目的是提供一种结合太阳能膜式液体除湿的新型露点蒸发空调，将露点蒸发冷却技术与膜式除湿技术相结合，并为膜式系统设计了再生循环，再生循环包括除湿单元、太阳能加热再生单元、相变材料储热单元、稀‑浓溶液换热单元、冷水浴单元。该发明可以充分利用自然资源，实现夜间除湿剂再生并且有效减少了占地体积，以低能耗实现除湿冷却。

Description

蒸发冷却空调与新型再生膜式除湿集成系统
技术领域
本发明涉及蒸发冷却空调。
背景技术
露点蒸发冷却器背景：露点间接蒸发冷却空调系统作为蒸发冷却空调的一种最新形式，在实际的应用中，由于其本质是通过水蒸发吸热，蒸发强度取决于空气湿度与其饱和湿度差，这就限制了其在高湿度场所的应用，所以在其使用时一般都会搭配除湿器。本发明所用除湿器为膜式分离的液体除湿器，利用多孔膜将液体除湿剂与空气分隔。由于液体除湿剂在吸湿后浓度会降低除湿性能下降，所以需要配有除湿剂再生系统。
液体除湿器背景：传统液体除湿器工作流程为：空气流入多孔疏水薄膜组成的通道中，薄膜上下俩侧为液体除湿剂，除湿剂吸收空气中的水分，并流入热水浴结构中进行加热再生，随后为保证除湿剂的除湿效果将其通入冷水浴进行冷却，冷却后的除湿剂回到除湿剂储存单元完成整个除湿剂循环，从而实现空气除湿与除湿剂再生。热水浴再生中使用电热再生，存在再生能耗较高的弊端，而太阳能光热再生在夜间无法提供再生热能；在冷水浴冷却中，当冷水对从热水浴出来的高温溶液多次冷却后其本身温度会上升造成冷却效果减弱并且高温溶液中的热量会耗散，造成热量浪费。
本发明内容：
基于上述所述，本发明致力于开发一种新型的冷却与除湿再生系统，使其能有效的解决再生能耗高、夜间无法提供再生热能、冷水浴效果差和高温溶液热量损耗的问题。
发明内容
本发明对液体除湿器进行了改进，并将改进的液体除湿器与露点蒸发冷却器融合成一体，充分利用太阳能驱动除湿剂的再生循环，实现长期稳定地除湿以提升露点蒸发冷却器的降温极限。空调系统工作原理如图1所示，当空调工作时，气体首先进入除湿板块中的除湿单元进行除湿随后进入冷却器进行冷却，冷却的气体作为产品气体流入房间以降低室内温度。液体除湿器包括除湿单元、太阳能再生单元、相变储热单元、稀-浓溶液换热单元、冷水浴单元。其中，除湿单元中含有被多孔疏水薄膜容纳的液体除湿剂，空气流进多孔疏水薄膜表面的时候，空气中的水分子会穿过薄膜被液体除湿剂吸收，从而实现除湿；经过除湿单元的除湿剂吸收水分后变成浓度较低的稀溶液，太阳能再生单元利用太阳能加热此稀溶液实现除湿剂再生，实现自然资源的充分利用；相变储热单元中的石蜡在白天吸热由固态变为液态储存多余热量，在夜间温度降低石蜡凝固，放出的能量被除湿剂吸收，实现除湿剂再生。同时，从太阳能再生单元和相变材料储热单元中流出较高温度的溶液，与除湿单元中流出的低温溶液在稀-浓溶液换热单元中进行热量交换，既使高温再生溶液进行初步降温，又使刚吸湿后的除湿剂稀溶液初步加热，此回热过程提高能源利用效率；露点蒸发冷却器的供水水箱作为再生循环的冷水浴单元，有效减小了设备的体积和占地面积。冷却器其工作原理如图2所示，冷却器分为换热单元和水箱，换热单元分为干通道和湿通道，经除湿后的气体首先流入干通道并在末端分流，形成产品气体和工作气体。产品气体用于室内降温，而工作气体会回流进湿通道，当工作气体流过湿通道表面水膜时，水膜表面水分会因液体表面上方空气流动而蒸发吸热，从而把干通道的热量给吸收使干通道气体温度降低，工作气流则会作为废弃排入室外；水箱用于给湿通道供水。
本发明的技术效果是：
1.运用太阳能集热和相变储热材料结合的方式提供日间和夜间的除湿再生所需的加热能量。
2.将加热前的溶液进入加热区之前与加热后的溶液通过换热器进行回热，对低温溶液进行预热，对高温溶液进行预冷，进一步提高能量利用。
3.冷却器内的吸水布表面蒸发，逐渐降低水的温度，作为除湿冷水浴区，提高冷水浴降温效果的同时可以提升整体系统结构的紧凑性。
综上：本发明相较于传统“除湿-冷却”系统能量利用率更高，将水箱与冷水浴结构相整合，结构紧凑，整机集成度更高。
附图说明
图1.空调系统工作流程图
图2冷却原理图
图3是膜式除湿空调整机结构图，一号风机左侧为冷却器板块，右侧为除湿器板块
图4是除湿系统结构图，最上方为再生单元，中间层为除湿单元，下方为稀-浓溶液换热单元
图5是稀-浓溶液换热单元，管道内为浓溶液，管道外为稀溶液
图6是除湿剂再生单元结构，其中俩侧为太阳能加热再生单元，中间为相变材料储热板块
图7是除湿器通道结构图，其中气体和溶液呈横流模式
图8是冷却通道结构图，每层通道气体首先进入本层干通道并在末端分流进入本层湿通道中，而每层通道干湿间隔排布实现上下层换热模式。
图中1为一号风机、2-除湿单元、3.露点蒸发冷却器、4.太阳能加热再生单元、5.相变储热单元、6.稀-浓溶液换热单元、7.除湿单元出口、8.除湿剂再生单元、9.水箱(冷水浴单元)、10.露点蒸发冷却系统、11.太阳能膜式除湿系统、12.回流风机、13管道A、14.管道B、15、管道C、16.管道D、17.管道E。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但不应该理解为本发明上述主题范围仅限于下述实施例。在不脱离本发明上述技术思想的情况下，根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段，做出各种替换和变更，均应包括在本发明的保护范围内。
参见图1、2，本发明分为太阳能膜式除湿系统(11)和露点蒸发冷却系统(10)，中间由一号风机(1)相连接。气体通过除湿单元(2)，将水分通过分离膜传递给除湿剂溶液，然后通过一号风机流入露点蒸发冷却器(3)。除湿单元(2)上方安装有除湿剂再生单元(8)，由太阳能加热再生单元(4)与相变储热材料单元(5)组成。除湿单元出口通过管道A(13)流入除湿单元下方的换热单元(6)，流出进入管道B(14)与再生单元(8)连接。再生单元出口连接管道C(15)，管路流过稀-浓溶液换热单元(6)后通过管道D(16)与水箱(9)入口连接。水箱出口通过管道E(17)与除湿单元溶液入口连接。
除湿剂循环流程：
空气流入除湿器，除湿剂溶液吸收空气中的水分后，变为稀溶液。稀溶液依次流入稀-浓溶液换热单元(6)、太阳能加热再生单元(4)。稀溶液通过管道B(14)流入太阳能加热再生单元吸收太阳能辐射的热量并将热量传递给相变储热单元(5)后流入管道C(15)。太阳能加热再生单元(4)表面涂有集热涂料，可以吸收太阳能辐射热量，相变储热单元(5)内安装有相变材料，可以通过相变储存大量潜热。当夜间太阳没有辐射热能来源时，稀溶液即可通过吸收相变材料相变所释放的热量，达到加热再生的效果，使得全天候再生单元无消耗。
除湿单元出口(7)流出的稀释低温溶液通过管道A(13)流入稀-浓溶液换热单元与除湿剂再生单元(8)加热后的浓溶液通过管道接触发生热交换，对稀溶液起到预热作用。而除湿剂再生单元内流出的高温浓溶液也通过管道C(15)流入稀-浓溶液换热单元(6)内，与低温稀溶液发生热交换降温后流出，通过管道D(16)流入水箱(冷水浴单元)(9)进行完全降温后通过管道E(17)回流至除湿单元(2)。
除湿器与冷却器工作空气流动过程：
参见图6，空气通道和溶液通道之间由一层PVDF膜隔开，溶液流向与空气流向呈90°(横流)。参见图7，8，冷却器第一层上方叠加第二层为一级，随后每一级按周期性向上叠加，冷却换热器。
空气进入除湿器后与除湿单元中横流的除湿剂进行水分传递使自身湿度降低，能够提高了后续冷却器冷却效率。除湿后的气体由一号风机(1)送入露点蒸发冷却系统(10)在冷却器通道中，在同层通道中气体先进入干通道部分，在其上下层通道为覆盖均匀水膜的湿通道，水膜的水由水箱(9)提供，在干通道内通过对流与导热的方式将热量传递给上下层的湿通道，部分气体在出口端会被回流风机(12)抽取进入本层湿通道中，用于促进水膜蒸发吸收上下层干通道热量且作为废气排出，剩余气体作为产品气体进入室内。
湿通道内设有芯吸纤维材料作为水膜导向材料，水箱(9)中的水通过毛细作用沿芯吸纤维材料流入湿通道构成水膜。气体通过湿通道，水膜蒸发吸收干湿通道隔板从干通道吸收的热量，实现干通道的气体降温，同时水分蒸发会使得整体水温降低进而使得水箱(9)中的水温降低，同时由于水箱中水温降低使得除湿剂循环时在进入水箱冷却时其冷却效果更好，使得除湿剂在除湿单元对气体除湿时有更好的除湿效果。

Claims (1)

1.一种蒸发冷却空调与新型再生膜式除湿集成系统，其特征在于：分为太阳能膜式除湿系统(11)和露点蒸发冷却系统(10)，中间由一号风机(1)相连接。气体通过除湿单元(2)，将水分通过分离膜传递给除湿剂溶液，然后通过一号风机流入露点蒸发冷却器(3)。除湿单元(2)上方安装有除湿剂再生单元(8)，由太阳能加热再生单元(4)与相变储热材料单元(5)组成。除湿单元出口通过管道A(13)流入除湿单元下方的换热单元(6)，流出进入管道B(14)与再生单元(8)连接。再生单元出口连接管道C(15)，管路流过稀-浓溶液换热单元(6)后通过管道D(16)与水箱(9)入口连接。水箱出口通过管道E(17)与除湿单元溶液入口连接。
除湿剂循环流程：
空气流入除湿器，除湿剂溶液吸收空气中的水分后，变为稀溶液。稀溶液依次流入稀-浓溶液换热单元(6)、太阳能加热再生单元(4)。稀溶液通过管道B(14)流入太阳能加热再生单元吸收太阳能辐射的热量并将热量传递给相变储热单元(5)后流入管道C(15)。太阳能加热再生单元(4)表面涂有集热涂料，可以吸收太阳能辐射热量，相变储热单元(5)内安装有相变材料，可以通过相变储存大量潜热。当夜间太阳没有辐射热能来源时，稀溶液即可通过吸收相变材料相变所释放的热量，达到加热再生的效果，使得全天候再生单元无消耗。
除湿单元出口(7)流出的稀释低温溶液通过管道A(13)流入稀-浓溶液换热单元与除湿剂再生单元(8)加热后的浓溶液通过管道接触发生热交换，对稀溶液起到预热作用。而除湿剂再生单元内流出的高温浓溶液也通过管道C(15)流入稀-浓溶液换热单元(6)内，与低温稀溶液发生热交换降温后流出，通过管道D(16)流入水箱(冷水浴单元)(9)进行完全降温后通过管道E(17)回流至除湿单元(2)。
除湿器与冷却器工作空气流动过程：
空气通道和溶液通道之间由一层PVDF膜隔开，溶液流向与空气流向呈90°(横流)。参见图7，8，冷却器第一层上方叠加第二层为一级，随后每一级按周期性向上叠加，冷却换热器。
空气进入除湿器后与除湿单元中横流的除湿剂进行水分传递使自身湿度降低，能够提高了后续冷却器冷却效率。除湿后的气体由一号风机(1)送入露点蒸发冷却系统(10)在冷却器通道中，在同层通道中气体先进入干通道部分，在其上下层通道为覆盖均匀水膜的湿通道，水膜的水由水箱(9)提供，在干通道内通过对流与导热的方式将热量传递给上下层的湿通道，部分气体在出口端会被回流风机(12)抽取进入本层湿通道中，用于促进水膜蒸发吸收上下层干通道热量且作为废气排出，剩余气体作为产品气体进入室内。
CN202310943901.3A 2023-07-31 2023-07-31 蒸发冷却空调与新型再生膜式除湿集成系统 Pending CN117128587A (zh)

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