CN117128034A - Karst water-rich metal deposit roof single-layer control drainage method - Google Patents
Karst water-rich metal deposit roof single-layer control drainage method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117128034A CN117128034A CN202311212210.2A CN202311212210A CN117128034A CN 117128034 A CN117128034 A CN 117128034A CN 202311212210 A CN202311212210 A CN 202311212210A CN 117128034 A CN117128034 A CN 117128034A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a karst water-rich metal deposit roof single-layer control drainage method, which comprises S1, roof hydrogeological condition exploration; s2, drilling and grouting the structural fracture zone and the water guide fault; s3, reserving waterproof ore pillars, and avoiding water for the structural fracture zone and the water diversion fault; s4, stope drainage is carried out; s5, mining by adopting a filling method. The invention utilizes the natural blocking effect of the water-proof layer, combines grouting reconstruction and active prevention and control measures of dewatering to inhibit disaster, so that the water pressure can not break through the artificial blocking of a grouting curtain, or can not cause damage when the water pressure is released under the condition of promoting new balance, thereby effectively controlling the underground water, and being very suitable for the conditions of complex hydrogeology conditions of mineral deposits and the condition that the structure of the water-bearing layer (belt) has certain difference in space.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of single-layer control drainage of mineral deposit roofs, in particular to a single-layer control drainage method of karst water-rich metal mineral deposit roofs.
Background
The mining-induced water bursting disaster of karst large water mine with the ore body or roof being an aquifer seriously threatens the life safety of production and miners. The water treatment method mainly based on drainage is a successful method which discharges underground water in an aquifer so as to reduce the water level below the mining level, eliminate the water trouble and carry out mining, and mainly adopts three possible water control schemes of ground drainage, underground drainage and underground combined drainage.
Floor drain: in the early stage of construction of a basic construction project, a plurality of special drainage drilling holes are constructed on the ground around a mineral deposit, the drilling depth exceeds the mining middle section, a deep well pump is arranged in the holes for pumping water, the underground water level is required to be reduced below the mining middle section, and then the mining project is started. The scheme has simple process, but has high drilling construction cost, difficult management and higher long-term drainage cost.
Underground drainage: the construction stage mainly adopts the measures of pre-grouting to prevent and treat underground water, ensures the tunneling of a roadway, and constructs drainage projects such as a special drainage roadway, a drainage hole and the like after a downhole drainage system is formed, and then carries out mining operation when the underground water level falls below a mining middle section. The scheme has simple process and convenient underground drainage engineering management, but has higher long-term drainage cost due to higher drainage lift.
And (3) combined drainage: the ground is combined with the underground to drain, and the ground dewatering holes are generally adopted for draining in the early stage, so that on one hand, the smooth tunneling of a shaft engineering is ensured, on the other hand, a large amount of static storage capacity of a water-bearing layer is eliminated, and the underground drainage time in the later stage is saved; and in the later stage, the underground drainage engineering is taken as the main material to drain underground water. The scheme has simple process, gives consideration to the tunneling of shaft engineering and the convenient management of underground drainage engineering, but has higher drainage engineering cost, difficult ground engineering management and higher long-term drainage cost.
The three methods have huge pit drainage (35 ten thousand m of copper ore of prandial Kong Kela) 3 And/d, court ratio copper-rare ore 6 ten thousand meters 3 D, congo Jinchuan International Mu Songni mine 4 ten thousand m 3 5 ten thousand m of/d, jin Chengda ore 3 And/d), the drainage cost is high, the drainage time is long, and in some special mines such as the earth power limits of African prandial, congo gold and the like, the hidden trouble of mine flooding accidents caused by power failure exists. From this, it can be seen that the traditional drainage scheme has high cost and poor controllability in mine groundwater environment treatment, and does not well utilize the favorable hydrogeologic structure.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a karst water-rich metal deposit roof single-layer control drainage method which can control drainage of underground water, prevent water flooding, reduce drainage cost, protect underground water resources and control ground collapse on the premise of ensuring mining safety, and can prevent drainage, reduce drainage or drain underground water as much as possible.
The single-layer control drainage method for the karst water-rich metal deposit roof provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, roof hydrogeological condition exploration
Exploration of mine hydrogeology and engineering geology is carried out, the hydrogeology characteristics of a mineral deposit are ascertained, the positions and the structures of a first water-resisting layer on the upper side and a second water-resisting layer on the lower side of the mineral deposit are determined, the positions and the structures of a shallow water-resisting layer on the upper side of the first water-resisting layer are determined, the positions and the structures of mineral bodies on the lower side of the mineral deposit are determined, the difference existing in the vertical direction of a top plate water-resisting layer on the upper side of the mineral deposit is clarified, the positions and the structures of a structural fracture zone and a water-guiding fault of the conductive shallow water-resisting layer are determined, and the height of mining overburden rock damage is pre-determined;
s2, drilling and grouting the structural fracture zone and the water guide fault
Constructing grouting holes distributed in a cluster or sector shape to a structural fracture zone and a water diversion fault in the first water-proof layer by using a deep hole drilling machine by utilizing an exploitation roadway left in the foundation construction stage, and injecting grouting reinforcing materials into the structural fracture zone and the water diversion fault revealed by the grouting holes through high pressure;
s3, reserving waterproof ore pillars, and performing water avoidance on the structural fracture zone and the water guiding fault
According to the data in the step S1, through the advance area exploration, a waterproof ore pillar is reserved at the side of the ore body which is in direct contact with the water-guiding fault or the structural fracture zone, the structural fracture zone at the upper part or the side of the ore body and the water-guiding fault are avoided, and the safety of mining of the ore body below or the side of the roof aquifer is ensured;
s4, stope drainage is carried out
Adopting a drain hole to perform advanced drainage or interception on lateral replenishment outside the development influence range and vertical replenishment in the development range on the roof aquifer;
s5, mining by adopting a filling method.
In the step S4, the specific steps of performing stope drainage are as follows: constructing a drainage chamber in an exploitation roadway of an upper disc of each middle-section ore body, constructing water drainage holes distributed in a cluster or sector shape to a roof aquifer in the drainage chamber by using a deep hole drilling machine, arranging the water drainage holes in an elevation angle, installing a high-pressure valve at the orifice of the water drainage hole, and plugging by grouting when the water inflow of a single hole is more than 50m < 3 >/h; when the water inflow of the single hole is less than 50m3/h, the high-pressure valve is used for controlling water drainage, meanwhile, the water inflow of each middle section is controlled not to be greater than underground drainage of a mine, and a certain safety drainage allowance is properly reserved.
Analyzing the water-rich rule of the mineral layer according to the development project disclosure condition, and arranging the drainage chambers at intervals of 50 m.
3 water drain holes are distributed in each drainage chamber, the diameter of a drilling hole of each water drain hole is phi 108mm, and the diameter of a final hole is phi 91mm.
In the step S2, the grouting reinforcement material is formed by mixing cement and clay.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. through the slip casting, increase the wholeness of water guide rock mass, increase the impervious hydraulic gradient of rock mass, reform transform into stable water barrier between roof aquifer and the shallow aquifer, artificially cause two-layer water on the whole, reach the purpose such as protection mining area water resource, prevent ground subsidence.
2. Through reserving waterproof ore pillars in the ore body, the upper or side roof aquifers are avoided, and the safety of exploitation under or beside the roof aquifers is ensured; thereby reducing the water inflow of the pit and controlling the ground subsidence range.
3. The fracture zone and the water-guiding fault are constructed to communicate with the roof aquifer instantly, the water head pressure at the opening is suddenly reduced to 0, the hydraulic gradient is suddenly increased, water burst is caused, and the initial water head of the roof aquifer can be reduced before exploitation by adopting the water discharging hole, so that the actual hydraulic gradient after the fracture and karst are communicated is reduced, and the water burst accident is avoided.
4. The filling mining method can reduce or eliminate the collapse zone, and greatly reduce the heights of the structural fracture zone and the water guide fault; the damage to cultivated land and ground building structures can be reduced, and better environmental benefits are achieved; the limit of the mining height can lighten the damage to the overlying strata so as to reserve a protection layer with reasonable size and prevent water burst.
The invention adopts advanced regional exploration and grouting treatment measures to block the water guide channel communicated with the upper and lower aquifers, reasonably avoids constructing the aquifer, finally achieves the purpose of controlling drainage and mining under pressure, can achieve the purpose of actively preventing and controlling water damage after implementation, does not destroy groundwater resources of the shallow aquifer, and protects water resources.
The invention mainly utilizes the natural blocking effect of the water-proof layer, combines grouting transformation and active prevention and control measures of dewatering to inhibit disaster, so that the water pressure can not break through artificial blocking like a grouting curtain, or can not cause damage when the water pressure is released under the condition of promoting a new balance state, thereby effectively controlling the underground water, and being very suitable for the conditions of complex hydrogeology conditions of mineral deposits and the conditions of a water-bearing layer (belt) structure with certain difference in space.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention.
1. A first water-blocking layer;
2. a second water-resistant layer;
3. a shallow aquifer; 31. shallow aquifer water level;
4. a ore body;
5. a roof aquifer; 51. the water level of the roof aquifer;
6. constructing a fracture zone;
7. a water-conducting fault;
8. developing a roadway;
9. grouting holes;
10. waterproof ore pillars;
11. a drain chamber;
12. a water drain hole;
13. and a fourth weathering layer.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the karst water-rich metal deposit roof single-layer control drainage method comprises the following steps:
s1, roof hydrogeological condition exploration
Exploration of mine hydrogeology and engineering geology is carried out, the hydrogeology characteristics of a mineral deposit are ascertained, the positions and the structures of a first water-resisting layer 1 on the upper side and a second water-resisting layer 2 on the lower side of the mineral deposit are determined, the positions and the structures of a shallow water-resisting layer 3 on the upper side of the first water-resisting layer 1 are determined, the positions and the structures of a mineral body 4 on the lower side of the mineral deposit are determined, the difference in the vertical direction of a roof water-resisting layer 5 on the upper side of the mineral deposit is ascertained, the positions and the structures of a structural fracture zone 6 and a water-guiding fault 7 for conducting the shallow water-resisting layer 3 and the roof water-resisting layer 5 are determined, and the height of the mining overburden damage is pre-determined;
s2, drilling and grouting the structural fracture zone 6 and the water guide fault 7
Constructing grouting holes 9 distributed in a cluster or sector shape to a structural fracture zone 6 and a water guiding fault 7 in the first water-resisting layer 1 by using an exploitation roadway 8 left in a foundation construction stage by using a deep hole drilling machine, and injecting grouting reinforcing materials into the structural fracture zone 6 and the water guiding fault 7 revealed by the grouting holes 9 through high pressure;
s3, reserving waterproof ore pillars 10, and avoiding water for the structural fracture zone 6 and the water diversion fault 7
According to the data in the step S1, through the advance area exploration, a waterproof ore pillar 10 is reserved beside the ore body 4 which is in direct contact with the water guide fault 7 or the structural fracture zone 6, the structural fracture zone 6 and the water guide fault 7 at the upper part or the side of the ore body 4 are avoided, and the safety of mining of the ore body below or beside the roof aquifer 5 is ensured;
s4, stope drainage is carried out
When the first water level descending speed cannot be met by the foundation drainage, the cluster-shaped drainage Kong Shugan roof aquifer 5 is adopted to carry out advanced drainage or interception on lateral replenishment outside the development influence range and vertical replenishment in the development range, and the concrete steps are as follows: the development roadway 8 of the upper disc of each middle-section ore body is used as a drainage and interception roadway, the water-rich rule of the ore bearing layer is analyzed according to the development project disclosure condition, drainage chambers 11 are distributed in the development roadway 8 according to the 50m interval, 3 water drain holes 12 distributed in a cluster or fan shape are constructed in the drainage chambers 11 to the roof aquifer 5 by using a deep hole drilling machine, a high-pressure valve is arranged at the orifice of the water drain hole 12, and grouting water shutoff is adopted when the single-hole water inflow of the water drain hole 12 is greater than 50m 3/h; when the single-hole water inflow of the water drain hole 12 is smaller than 50m3/h, the water drain is controlled by utilizing a high-pressure valve, meanwhile, the water inflow of each middle section is controlled not to be larger than underground drainage of a mine, and a certain safety drainage allowance is properly reserved;
s5, mining by adopting a filling method.
In the step S2, the grouting reinforcement material is formed by mixing cement and clay.
In the invention, each water drain hole 12 is arranged in an elevation angle, the diameter of a drilling hole of each water drain hole 12 is phi 108mm, and the diameter of a final hole is phi 91mm.
In the present invention, the water discharge hole 12 may also serve as a grouting hole.
Taking a congo (gold) card Mo Yatong cobalt ore deep ore body as an example, the congo (gold) card Mo Yatong cobalt ore deep ore body is produced in Luo Anqun ore-bearing geological body, a mine subgroup R2 stratum water-bearing fracture, a water guide structure and karst cave development are complex ore beds under hydrogeological conditions for directly filling karst fracture, the maximum underground water head of an ore zone is up to 4MPa, and the predicted normal water inflow of a middle-section ore pit is 41963m 3 /d, maximum water inflow of 51874m 3 And/d, the mining area before mining design performs mining hydrogeology and engineering geology exploration, and basically finds out the hydrogeology characteristics of the ore deposit: the ore deposit comprises an ore body 4 positioned at the lower part and a roof aquifer 5 positioned at the upper part, wherein the roof aquifer 5 is a karst fissure aquifer, the first water-resisting layer 1 at the upper side of the ore deposit is a laminated-stone-containing dolomite water-resisting layer with the average thickness exceeding 100m, the second water-resisting layer 2 at the lower side of the ore deposit is a waterproof construction breccia and Ks group siltstone, the shallow aquifer 3 at the upper side of the first water-resisting layer 1 is a CMN group dolomite karst fissure aquifer, and a fourth system weathering layer 13 is distributed at the upper side of the shallow aquifer 3.
According to the research, if the mine adopts filling mining to prevent the roof from large deformation and movement, the shallow aquifer 3 is prevented from rushing into a stope or a roadway by virtue of the water-blocking effect of the first water-blocking layer 1 and the second water-blocking layer 2, and the basic construction development roadway and the quasi-roadway are used as the drainage engineering of mining in the basic construction stage of the mine, the weak aquifer of kary fissures of the mine bottom plate SDS, SDB, RSC, RSF and the interstitial water of the shallow aquifer 3 are directly drained, and although the drainage engineering amount is less and the long-term drainage cost is lower, the process is more complicated and the hydraulic connection of all the aquifers in the pit is required to be ascertained, and meanwhile, safety technical measures such as underground water monitoring, underground water-closing and draining test, three-dimensional numerical simulation, local detection, local grouting and the like are adopted, so that the drainage control is required by the invention, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, roof hydrogeological condition exploration
The mining area before mining design performs mining hydrogeology and engineering geology exploration, the mining hydrogeology characteristics are basically ascertained, the mining deposit comprises a mineral body 4 positioned at the lower part and a roof aquifer 5 positioned at the upper part, the roof aquifer 5 is a karst fracture aquifer, a first water-resisting layer 1 at the upper side of the mining deposit is a laminated stone dolomite aquifer with the average thickness exceeding 100m, a second water-resisting layer 2 at the lower side of the mining deposit is a water-resisting structure breccia and Ks group of siltstone, a shallow aquifer 3 at the upper side of the first water-resisting layer 1 is a CMN group of dolomite karst fracture aquifer, a fourth system weathering layer 13 is distributed at the upper side of the shallow aquifer 3, the fourth system weathering layer 13 and the mineral body 4 have better water connectivity, the complete section of the complete first water-resisting layer 1 can block or weaken the connection between the upper aquifer and the lower aquifer, the vertical existence of the roof aquifer 5 is ensured, the positions of a conductive shallow aquifer 3 and a roof aquifer 5 are determined, and the water-guiding fracture 7 are destroyed, and the mining height of the pre-judging fault is destroyed;
s2, drilling and grouting the structural fracture zone 6 and the water guide fault 7
Constructing grouting holes 9 distributed in a cluster or sector shape to a structural fracture zone 6 and a water guiding fault 7 in the first water-resisting layer 1 by using an exploitation roadway 8 left in a foundation construction stage by using a deep hole drilling machine, and injecting grouting reinforcing materials into the structural fracture zone 6 and the water guiding fault 7 revealed by the grouting holes 9 through high pressure;
s3, reserving waterproof ore pillars 10, and avoiding water for the structural fracture zone 6 and the water diversion fault 7
According to the data in the step S1, through the advance area exploration, a waterproof ore pillar 10 is reserved beside the ore body 4 which is in direct contact with the water guide fault 7 or the structural fracture zone 6, the structural fracture zone 6 and the water guide fault 7 at the upper part or the side of the ore body 4 are avoided, water burst accidents caused by communication between an upper aquifer and a lower aquifer are prevented, and the safety of mining of the ore body below or beside the roof aquifer 5 is ensured;
s4, stope drainage is carried out
When the first water level descending speed cannot be met by the foundation drainage, the cluster-shaped drainage Kong Shugan roof aquifer 5 is adopted to carry out advanced drainage or interception on lateral replenishment outside the development influence range and vertical replenishment in the development range, and the concrete steps are as follows: the development roadway 8 of the upper disc of each middle-section ore body is used as a drainage and interception roadway, the water-rich rule of the ore bearing layer is analyzed according to the development project disclosure condition, drainage chambers 11 are distributed in the development roadway 8 according to the 50m interval, 3 water drain holes 12 distributed in a cluster or fan shape are constructed in the drainage chambers 11 to the roof aquifer 5 by using a deep hole drilling machine, a high-pressure valve is arranged at the orifice of the water drain hole 12, and grouting water shutoff is adopted when the single-hole water inflow of the water drain hole 12 is greater than 50m 3/h; when the single-hole water inflow of the water drain hole 12 is smaller than 50m3/h, the water drain is controlled by utilizing a high-pressure valve, meanwhile, the water inflow of each middle section is controlled not to be larger than underground drainage of a mine, and a certain safety drainage allowance is properly reserved;
s5, mining by adopting a filling method.
The invention fully utilizes the water-proof function of the first water-proof layer 1, cuts off the channel by adopting a grouting method in the section of the structural fracture zone 6 and the water-guiding fault 7, adopts a filling mining method for ensuring the roof plate not to deform, does not drain the water of the shallow water-bearing layer 3, utilizes the ore body upper disc drainage engineering to drain and cut off the underground water of the ore-bearing layer and lateral replenishment, simultaneously utilizes the local waterproof ore pillar 10 to block the vertical replenishment of the upper water-bearing layer to the ore-bearing layer, only drains the underground water in the roof plate water-bearing layer 5, ensures that the mining and filling operation is carried out under the conditions of no water and little water, reduces the drainage quantity and improves the economic benefit of the mine.
Practice proves that the water inflow of the pit can reach above 41000m < 3 >/d by adopting the traditional drainage scheme; when the method is adopted, when the groundwater level of the roof aquifer 5 is reduced to about 1000m elevation, the water inflow of the pit is 22000m3/d, the drainage is reduced by 19000m3/d, the drainage is reduced by 46%, and the method improves the mine drainage efficiency, so that the mine realizes 5 years of production in the infrastructure.
In addition, congo (gold) only rains and rains are generated in rainy seasons, the topography fluctuation is large, the rainfall is not as fast as the rainfall is gathered into surface runoff at the low-lying position, the surface is free of large-scale water, and people cannot conveniently produce domestic water. By adopting the invention, the water level of the shallow aquifer 3 is still kept at 1310m, and the normal use of the mine water supply well can be ensured.
The invention utilizes the spatial distribution of the water-containing layer on the upper and lower layers, utilizes the underground water dynamics principle and combines the mining progress of the mine, so as to achieve the aims of preventing water burst flooding, reducing the drainage cost and protecting underground water resources on the premise of ensuring the safe exploitation of a well and the mining engineering.
Hydrogeologic structures are common formations of lithology, structure and groundwater. For various geological reasons, roof aquifers tend to be discontinuous and regularly varying in cross section. There is often a multiple structure of varying strength between the seam roof and the shallow aquifer. The multi-element structure makes it possible to form artificial double water level in shallow and deep part during mining ore body, and the present invention is especially suitable for safety mining of double water level.
The damage of the overlying strata caused by the mining is the root cause of water burst, so that proper mining measures are adopted to lighten the damage degree of the overlying strata caused by the mining and reduce the influence range of a collapse zone and a water guide fracture zone, and the method is also an important water burst prevention and control measure.
Claims (5)
1. A karst water-rich metal deposit roof single-layer control drainage method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, roof hydrogeological condition exploration
Exploration of mine hydrogeology and engineering geology is carried out, the hydrogeology characteristics of a mineral deposit are ascertained, the positions and the structures of a first water-resisting layer (1) at the upper side and a second water-resisting layer (2) at the lower side of the mineral deposit are determined, the positions and the structures of a shallow water-bearing layer (3) at the upper side of the first water-resisting layer are determined, the positions and the structures of a mineral deposit lower portion mineral body (4) are determined, the difference in the vertical direction of a roof water-bearing layer (5) at the upper side of the mineral deposit is ascertained, the positions and the structures of a structural fracture zone (6) and a water-guiding fault (7) for conducting the shallow water-bearing layer and the roof water-bearing layer are determined, and the height of mining overburden damage is pre-determined;
s2, drilling and grouting the structural fracture zone and the water guide fault
Grouting reinforcement materials are injected into the structural fracture zone and the water-guiding fault revealed by the grouting holes through high pressure by using the development roadway (8) left in the foundation construction stage and adopting a deep hole drilling machine to construct the grouting holes (9) distributed in a cluster or sector shape to the structural fracture zone and the water-guiding fault in the first water-proof layer;
s3, reserving waterproof ore pillars, and performing water avoidance on the structural fracture zone and the water guiding fault
According to the data in the step S1, a waterproof ore pillar (10) is reserved at the side of the ore body which is in direct contact with the water-guiding fault or the structural fracture zone through advance area exploration, so that the structural fracture zone and the water-guiding fault at the upper part or the side of the ore body are avoided, and the safety of mining of the ore body below or beside a roof aquifer is ensured;
s4, stope drainage is carried out
Adopting a drain hole to perform advanced drainage or interception on lateral replenishment outside the development influence range and vertical replenishment in the development range on the roof aquifer;
s5, mining by adopting a filling method.
2. The karst water-rich metal deposit roof single-layer control drainage method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the specific steps of stope drainage are as follows: constructing a drainage chamber (11) in an exploitation roadway of an upper disc of each middle-section ore body, then constructing water drain holes (12) distributed in a cluster or sector shape to a roof aquifer in the drainage chamber by using a deep hole drilling machine, arranging the water drain holes in an elevation angle, installing a high-pressure valve at the orifice of the water drain hole, and plugging by grouting when the water inflow of a single hole is more than 50m < 3 >/h; when the water inflow of the single hole is less than 50m3/h, the high-pressure valve is used for controlling water drainage, meanwhile, the water inflow of each middle section is controlled not to be greater than underground drainage of a mine, and a certain safety drainage allowance is properly reserved.
3. The karst water-rich metal deposit roof single-layer control drainage method according to claim 2, characterized by: analyzing the water-rich rule of the mineral layer according to the development project disclosure condition, and arranging the drainage chambers at intervals of 50 m.
4. The karst water-rich metal deposit roof single-layer control drainage method according to claim 2, characterized by: 3 water drain holes are distributed in each drainage chamber, the diameter of a drilling hole of each water drain hole is phi 108mm, and the diameter of a final hole is phi 91mm.
5. The karst water-rich metal deposit roof single-layer control drainage method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step S2, the grouting reinforcement material is mixed of cement and clay.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311212210.2A CN117128034A (en) | 2023-09-19 | 2023-09-19 | Karst water-rich metal deposit roof single-layer control drainage method |
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